Based on the above problem, it is found that students have less application of ellipsis in the text, especially in the recount text. Based on the research titled "Error Analysis Essay on the Use of Cohesive Devices in English Writing among Seventh Semester Students of English Department of STAIN Salatiga in the academic year of which was conducted by Yanti Nurhayati in 2012 from State Islamic College of Salatiga -s. composed using descriptive qualitative research. Furthermore, the research titled "Ellipsis, Reference & Substitution as Cohesive Device 'The Bear' by Anton Chekhov". The researcher aims to describe the phenomena of using the cohesive device specifically for the application of the ellipsis in the text.
Theoretical Framework
- The Concept of Discourse Analysis a. The Definition of Discourse
- The Concept of Ellipsis a. The Definition of Ellipsis
- The Concept of Substitution a. The Definition of Substitution
- The Concept of Recount Text a. The Definition of Recount Text
There are two main issues that should be involved in the concept of discourse analysis. It is in accordance with Ihsan's definition of ellipsis, which explains that ellipsis is the omission of a word occurring in the sentence whose semantics can be understood by the reader and listener.19 Ellipsis means as the unit of semantics that do not treat only the grammatical but also the elements (morpheme, sentence and clause) that are said or written. Often ellipsis is often used by speaker or writer based on the context, even though a word is omitted in the sentence, it can be understood by the reader or listener.
Therefore, it can be concluded that ellipsis is the elimination of the element in the sentence that it can be easily interpreted by the reader and listener. Ellipsis occurs in the text when an essential structural element is omitted from the phrase or sentence.”23. In other words, the sentence in the text becomes simple, but it still fulfills the purpose of the sentence in the text without diminishing the meaning.
The presence of ellipsis in the text depends on the meaning of the information conveyed by the concise structure. This is due to the fact that the process of using ellipsis in a text must be supported by complex things such as mastery of vocabulary (diction), pragmatics and sentence structure. It was found that in order to use the concept of ellipsis, a writer not only needs to understand the main message based on the context of the text, but also needs to have good vocabulary, structure and mastery of grammar.
This is in line with the definition of substitution given by Brown and Yule which explains that substitution is the word (group) in the sentence that is replaced by using another item.33 By using substitution, a substitute becomes form used for another language item, phrase or group. 34. In other words, these usually recount an event in which the author was personally involved. In the personal narrative there are some language features which consist of; use of the first person pronoun, personal reactions to the events may be included, especially at the end, details are often chosen to add interest or humor.
RESEARCH METHOD
The Types and Characteristics of Research
The researcher will take a survey that can be used to describe and summarize phenomena. The purpose of using survey for descriptive research is to get a good walk of certain things. Descriptive qualitative research is useful because it can provide important information regarding the average member of a group.2.
In accordance with the above explanation, the purpose of this research is to know the students' error of using ellipsis in the recount text of the students in Islamic College of Jurai Siwo Metro in the academic year 2015/2016.
Data Resources
They can explain primary sources and often use them to support a specific thesis or argument or to persuade the reader to accept a particular point of view.
Data Collecting Technique
Qualitative researchers also have a toolbox of data collection techniques, including in-depth interviewing, participant observation and document analysis.6 The researcher in this research uses document to collect the data. The researcher takes documents from the result of the use of ellipsis in students' writing in narrative text. In the process of collecting the data, the researcher collects the results of writing students to analyze and identify the use of ellipsis in narrative text.
In this research the researcher uses two techniques to collect data which are documentation and interview. Qualitative researchers may use written documents or other artifacts to gain an understanding of the phenomenon under study.7 In this research, the researcher uses document techniques to collect the data. Examples of private documents are personal journals and diaries, letters and personal notes.8 Furthermore, the researcher has obtained data from the results of the students' assignment, which is used as documentation.
Interviewing takes place when the researchers ask one or more participants general, open-ended questions and record their answers.9 This means that by conducting interviews the participants (students) can best express their experiences, unrestricted by any perspectives of the researcher or previous research findings. . Interviewing provides useful information when the researcher cannot observe participants directly, and the researcher allows participants to describe detailed personal information. Therefore, the researcher in this research used interview to support the data of the students.
Data Analysis Technique
Therefore, in this research the researcher used the interview to support the data from the students. two aspects, aspects consist of text analysis and include the development of an outline and themes. The researcher would apply the Miles and Huberman model to analyze the data.10 The components of this analysis model are presented in this figure. The display must be able to depict the content in all the data. and Miles, Data Management and Analysis Methods, In N. 4) Finally, the researcher verifies his research by drawing conclusions from the data findings.
Therefore, it is concluded that the analysis of data has some functions in the analysis of research data that include i; to make the meaningful raw data, to test null hypotheses, to get the significant results, to describe inferences or to make generalization and to calculate parameters.
Description of Research Setting
- The Historical Background of STAIN Jurai Siwo Metro
- Organization Structure of STAIN Jurai Siwo Metro
- The Facilities in STAIN Jurai Siwo Metro
- Location Sketch of STAIN Jurai Siwo Metro
Five names were given for STAIN Metro, names such as STAIN Raden Imba Kusuma, STAIN Lampung, STAIN Sosrosudarmo and STAIN Jurai Siwo. It was based on the reason that resided in Lampung Tengah, which had the culture of nine clans (marg/turunan) known "Jurai Siwo" could be immortalized as the name of STAIN Metro. Rapid advances in science and technology have made STAIN Jurai Siwo Metro perform better.
To support lecturers and students, STAIN Jurai Siwo Metro has several facilities namely: Lecture Room, Computer Lab Unit & Baitul Mal wa Tamwil, Library Unit, Language Lab Unit, Micro Teaching Lab, Islamic Development Unit, Classroom , mosque, futsal court, basketball court, wall climbing court, volleyball court, tennis court, auditorium, Student Activities Unit (UKM) room, Student Commission office. English Education Study Program (PBI) is the S1 level of the Faculty of Tarbiyah at the State Islamic College (STAIN) Jurai Siwo Metro. Thus, it was converted to the S1 level of the study program of English education based on the decree of the director of the College of Islamic Studies no.
A vision of integrating Islamic values and academic excellence is jointly developed by the English Education Study Program of State Islamic College (STAIN) of Jurai Siwo Metro. The English education study program is set up to dedicate the specific goals such as; (1) the students are trained to be a deeply understanding English teacher in the fields of religion, knowledge, technology and arts. In line with the vision, mission and objective above, the English Education Study Program focuses on some integrated aspects to assess student performance.
It is expected that the research will help to solve the problem of the students in their subject and will help to achieve the goal of English education study program.
General Description of Research Data
- What is ellipsis?
- What kinds of ellipsis do you know?
- What is the difficulty of using ellipsis in the sentence or text?
- Did you use ellipsis in your recount text?
- What are the common errors in using ellipsis in recount text?
In addition, data on students' error in using ellipsis in narrative text was added based on the classification of ellipsis error types. For example, in the first example, the writer had to use noun ellipsis, but it was not a noun ellipsis. In the first example, the writer wanted to use a word ellipsis, but it was ungrammatical in that sentence.
While in the second example, the writer used the present tense and the answer was the past tense. In the first case, the writer was not allowed to use a clausal ellipsis, but it was a clausal substitute form, because so was after the verb. Whereas in the second example there was also no clause ellipsis because there was no word or phrase in that sentence that was omitted.
From the above data analysis, the researcher obtained specific data about the error in the use of ellipsis in the recount text based on the ellipsis types themselves. S3 : ellipsis is the omission of a word that appears in a sentence, the semantics of which can be understood by the reader and listener. In addition, it was difficult for students to differentiate, analyze and apply the concept of ellipsis and substitution in the text.
Furthermore, the researcher concluded that there were students' errors in the use of ellipsis, especially in the recount text.
Discussion
This was due to poorer understanding of the main message, poorer mastery of vocabulary and grammar, and poorer mastery of ellipsis construction. They are often confused when they omit a word or phrase based on the ellipsis construction. This was because the students do not yet understand the main messages of the text, they have a poorer understanding of vocabulary, structure and mastery of grammar, and importantly, they have a poorer mastery of the composition of the ellipsis.
In addition, the researcher explained the ellipsis error for each ellipsis type analyzed, including verbal, nominal, and clause. Based on the explanation of the chart above, the researcher concluded that there were some mistakes in using ellipsis in retelling text. Moreover, ellipsis errors occurred mostly in the sixth student recount text in State Islamic College Jurai Siwo Metro was a clausal ellipsis error with 14 items or 58%.
By conducting this research, we could learn about common ellipsis errors that appeared in students' narrative text. Therefore, we can say that the concept of ellipsis is important in composing written products. Students should deepen their knowledge of the use of ellipsis in text, especially in narrative text.
Conclusion
Suggestion
