Table Mixed Effects Logistic Regression of Rib Fracture Subpopulation
Odds Ratio [95% Conf. Interval] p-value Lower Limit Upper Limit
ACS Trauma Level
Level 1 Reference
Level 2 0.95 0.83 1.09 0.430
Age
65-70 Reference
70-74 1.49 1.34 1.65 <0.001
75-79 2.24 2.02 2.48 <0.001
80-84 3.04 2.75 3.37 <0.001
85+ 4.51 4.06 5.01 <0.001
Race
White Reference
Black 0.71 0.60 0.85 <0.001
Hispanic 0.84 0.69 1.01 0.060
Asian 0.96 0.76 1.21 0.700
Other 0.96 0.77 1.20 0.740
Insurance
Medicaid Reference
Medicare 1.12 0.86 1.45 0.390
Private 0.93 0.73 1.18 0.540
Self-pay 1.69 1.20 2.38 0.004
Sex
Female Reference
Male 1.47 1.38 1.57 <0.001
Transfer
No Reference
Yes 0.75 0.70 0.80 <0.001
Mechanism of injury
Burn Reference
Cut/Pierce 0.59 0.07 4.73 0.620
Fall 0.93 0.16 5.50 0.940
Firearm 1.48 0.23 9.54 0.680
MVC 0.93 0.16 5.52 0.940
Ped vs MVC 1.10 0.19 6.55 0.910
MVT Other (eg. MCC) 0.62 0.10 3.69 0.600
Machinery 0.74 0.12 4.57 0.750
Natural/Environmental 0.47 0.07 3.11 0.440
Pedal Cyclist 0.56 0.09 3.41 0.530
Struck 0.74 0.12 4.46 0.740
Transport 0.81 0.14 4.84 0.820
ISS 1.08 1.07 1.08 <0.001
ED BP
SBP > 90 Reference
SBP 61-90 1.84 1.64 2.07 <0.001
SBP < 60 2.32 1.78 3.02 <0.001
Respiratory Distress
No Reference
Yes 1.40 1.28 1.54 <0.001
ED Pulse
HR 50-120 Reference
HR > 120 1.53 1.37 1.70 <0.001
HR < 50 1.40 1.13 1.74 0.002
GCS (Categorical)
14-15 Reference
9-13 3.25 2.90 3.64 <0.001
3-8 10.43 9.49 11.47 <0.001
Injuries
Great vessel injury 1.35 1.09 1.67 0.010
Bowel pancreas injury 2.57 2.20 3.01 <0.001
Hip fracture 1.09 0.94 1.25 0.250
Thoracic/lumbar spine injury 1.13 1.05 1.21 <0.001
Cervical spine 1.49 1.37 1.62 <0.001
Facial Fracture 0.96 0.87 1.07 0.450
Humerus Fracture 1.20 1.05 1.36 0.010
Solid Organ Injury 1.14 1.04 1.24 0.003
Femur Fracture 1.00 0.86 1.17 0.980
Pelvic Fracture 1.28 1.18 1.40 <0.001
Traumatic Brain Injury 0.96 0.88 1.04 0.300
Hemo/pneumothorax 1.22 1.14 1.30 <0.001
Tracheostomy 0.25 0.22 0.29 <0.001
Comorbidities
Congestive heart failure 2.10 1.90 2.32 <0.001
Current smoker 1.39 1.22 1.58 <0.001
Chronic renal failure 2.77 2.28 3.37 <0.001
CVA/residual neurological deficit 1.25 1.09 1.45 0.002
Diabetes mellitus 1.23 1.13 1.33 <0.001
Disseminated cancer 2.07 1.66 2.59 <0.001
Advanced directive limiting care 4.26 3.74 4.85 <0.001
Functionally dependent 1.34 1.13 1.58 <0.001
History of MI 1.13 0.94 1.35 0.200
Hypertension 0.91 0.85 0.97 0.003
Obesity 1.08 0.93 1.24 0.300
Steroid use 1.39 1.03 1.86 0.030
Dementia 1.21 1.04 1.40 0.020
Major psychiatric illness 0.90 0.77 1.07 0.240
Teaching Status
Community Reference
Non-Teaching Hospital 0.96 0.84 1.10 0.550
University 0.86 0.69 1.07 0.180
Year
2007-2009 Reference
2010-2011 0.89 0.81 0.97 0.010
2012-2013 0.87 0.80 0.95 0.003
2014-2015 0.85 0.77 0.93 <0.001
