Supplemental Digital Content - Table 6. Characteristics of Matched and Unmatched Sepsis Cases
Non-Severe Sepsis (Infection alone) Severe Sepsis or Septic Shock Unmatched
cases Matched cases Std.
Diff. Unmatched
cases Matched
cases Std.
N=45,964 N= 132,718 N= 27,783 N= 64,204 Diff
Age, mean (SD) 73.4 (16.0) 72.9 (16.5) 0.03 74.0 (14.3) 74.2 (14.9) 0.01 <65, n (%) 11313 (25) 34681 (26) 0.03 6425 (23) 14826 (23) 0.00 65-84, n (%) 22094 (48) 61070 (46) 0.04 14158 (51) 31414 (49) 0.04 ≥ 85, n (%) 12557 (27) 36967 (28) 0.01 7200 (26) 17964 (28) 0.05
Female, n (%) 25008 (54) 77655 (59) 0.08 13542 (49) 33091 (52) 0.06
Rural, n (%) 6930 (15) 19711 (15) 0.01 2505 (9) 5644 (9) 0.01
Income quintile*, n (%)
1 (lowest) 11405 (25) 29435 (22) 0.06 6897 (25) 14633 (23) 0.05
2 9727 (21) 27418 (21) 0.01 6082 (22) 13755 (21) 0.01
3 8893 (19) 26200 (20) 0.01 5360 (19) 12540 (19) 0.01
4 8350 (18) 25629 (19) 0.03 4935 (18) 12155 (19) 0.03
5 (highest) 7275 (16) 23253 (17) 0.05 4332 (15) 10822 (17) 0.03
missing 314 (1) 783 (1) 0.01 177 (1) 299 (1) 0.02
Marginalization Index†, n (%)
1 (lowest) 5811 (13) 18712 (14) 0.04 3397 (12) 8252 (13) 0.02
2 7847 (17) 24301 (18) 0.03 4556 (16) 11323 (18) 0.03
3 9708 (21) 28842 (22) 0.01 5757 (21) 13576 (21) 0.01
4 9626 (21) 26844 (20) 0.02 5690 (21) 13089 (20) 0.00
5 (highest) 12329 (27) 32633(25) 0.05 8085 (29) 17482 (27) 0.04
missing 643 (1) 1386 (1) 0.03 298 (1) 482 (1) 0.03
Prior cancer, n (%) 11218 (24) 19302 (15) 0.25 6230 (22) 9417 (15) 0.20
Prior CHF, n (%) 17560 (38) 29725 (22) 0.35 13442 (48) 19710 (31) 0.37
Prior CKD, n (%) 1937 (4) 1277 (1) 0.21 2889 (10) 2852 (4) 0.23
Prior COPD, n (%) 21665 (47) 47909 (36) 0.23 12950 (47) 22868 (36) 0.22 Prior diabetes, n (%) 20116 (44) 46154 (35) 0.18 14430 (52) 26851 (42) 0.20
LTC resident, n (%) 5166 (11) 11185 (8) 0.09 3155 (11) 5045 (8) 0.12
ADG score, mean (SD) 30.7 (13.0) 26.5 (13.2) 0.32 32.8 (12.9) 33.5 (12.8) 0.06 Healthcare use, past year
Homecare user, n (%) 34245 (75) 47523 (36) 0.84 20429 (74) 23054 (36) 0.82 Hospitalization, n (%) 44648 (97) 15836 (12) 3.31 26046 (94) 7162 (11) 2.94 ED visits
Mean (SD) 2.3 (4.3) 1.2 (2.1) 0.32 1.9 (3.3) 1.0 (1.7) 0.34
Non-Severe Sepsis (Infection alone) Severe Sepsis or Septic Shock Unmatched
cases Matched cases Std.
Diff. Unmatched
cases Matched
cases Std.
N=45,964 N= 132,718 N= 27,783 N= 64,204 Diff
Median (Q1-Q3) 1 (0-3) 1 (0-2) 0.47 1 (0-2) 0 (0-1) 0.46
Physician visits
Mean (SD) 40.8 (26.2) 19.3 (18.1) 0.96 41.6 (27.1) 20.0 (19.6) 0.91 Median (Q1-Q3) 34 (22-53) 15 (8-24) 1.23 35 (22-54) 15 (8-25) 1.19 Index Admission
Urgent admission, n (%) 43908 (96) 127285 (96) 0.02 26313 (95) 61601 (96) 0.06 Admission Date, n (%)
Apr 2012 – Mar 2013 4770 (10) 42579 (32) 0.55 2520 (9) 18979 (30) 0.54 Apr 2013 – Mar 2014 14094 (31) 31546 (24) 0.16 8012 (29) 14819 (23) 0.13 Apr 2014 – Mar 2015 14032 (31) 30865 (23) 0.16 8583 (31) 15431 (24) 0.15 Apr 2015 – Mar 2016 13068 (28) 27728 (21) 0.18 8668 (31) 14975 (23) 0.18 Hospital Type‡, n (%)
Teaching 13269 (29) 34458 (26) 0.07 9151 (33) 19010 (30) 0.07
Community ≥ 100 beds 21703 (47) 66658 (50) 0.06 15421 (55) 37478 (58) 0.06 Community < 100 beds 10989 (24) 31596 (24) 0.00 3211 (12) 7716 (12) 0.01
ADG = Johns Hopkins’ Aggregated Diagnosis Groups; CHF = congestive heart failure; CKD = chronic kidney disease; COPD = chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease; ED= emergency department; LTC = long-term care; ON= Ontario; Q1 = first quarter; Q3 = third quarter; SD = standard deviation; Std Diff = standardized difference.
*Neighbourhood level income
†Public Health Ontario. Ontario Marginalization Index (ON-Marg). Toronto: Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion; 2016. Available at:
https://www.publichealthontario.ca/en/data-and-analysis/health-equity/ontario-marginalization-index. Accessed 2019 Jul 31
‡Variable not used for hard matching or in propensity score.
