Risk factors Appropriate empirical therapy Inappropriate empirical therapy Clinical failure P-value Clinical failure P-value
Yes No Yes No
Age (months) 13.20 (9.24, 69.12)
7.80 (3.00, 20.52)
0.03 12.12
(10.20, 18.00)
6.48 (4.56, 11.40)
0.076 Sex
Male
Female 2 (20)
8 (80) 49 (42.6) 66 (57.4)
0.198
3 (75)
1 (25) 10 (45.5) 12 (54.5)
0.593
Underlying disease
No Yes
7 (70) 3 (30)
96 (83.5) 19 (16.5)
0.379
3 (75) 1 (25)
16 (72.7) 6 (27.3)
1.000
Presence of ESBL
No Yes
10 (100) 0 (0)
110 (95.7) 5 (4.3)
1.000
0 (0) 4 (100)
1 (4.5) 21 (95.5)
1.000
UTI caused by E.coli
No Yes
1 (10) 9 (90)
12 (10.4) 103 (89.6)
1.000
1 (25) 3 (75)
0 (0) 22 (100)
0.154
Bacteremia No Yes
9 (90) 1 (10)
110 (95.7) 5 (4.3)
0.400
3 (75) 1 (25)
21 (95.5) 1 (4.5)
0.289
Septic shock No Yes
9 (90) 1 (10)
113 (98.3) 2 (1.7)
0.223
4 (100) 0 (0)
22 (100) 0 (0)
NA
Hydronephrosis No Yes
7 (87.5) 1 (12.5)
81 (77.9) 23 (22.1)
0.685
3 (75) 1 (25)
17 (77.3) 5 (22.7)
1.000
VUR No
Yes 1 (50)
1 (50) 38 (88.4) 5 (11.6)
0.252
3 (100)
0 (0) 11 (91.7) 1 (8.3)
1.000
Only 3rd generation cephalosporin as an empirical antibiotic
No Yes
1 (10) 9 (90)
28 (24.3) 87 (75.7)
0.451
1 (25) 3 (75)
1 (4.5) 21 (95.5)
0.289
Supplemental Digital Content 4 Risk factors for clinical failure categorized by appropriateness of empirical therapy
Data are presented as n (%) or median (interquartile range). ESBL, extended-spectrum beta- lactamase; UTI, urinary tract infection; VUR, vesicourethral reflux
