Pemanfaatan Biochar untuk Mengurangi Pencucian Nitrogen pada Pemupukan Tanaman

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BIOCHAR

NITROGEN

Biochar bound urea boosts plant growth and reduces nitrogen leaching

Bedah Jurnal

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PENDAHUL UAN

Pemupukan N

- Efisiensi rendah (30-40%) - Leaching

- Penguapan - Isu global

Biochar adalah material mirip arang yang dibuat dengan memanaskan bahan organik melalui proses pirolisis.

Biochar

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METODE

BAHAN

BIOCHAR

SEPIOLITE

TANAH

BENTONITE

CUKA

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KOMPOSIT BIOCHAR

UREA (Bio- MUC)

Urea : 10 g Biochar : 5 g Bentonite : 6 g

Sepiolite : 1.5 g +1.5 g

Semprot

Cuka kayu Oven ± 3 Jam (60^OC)

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PERCOBAAN N-Leaching

CK : Kontrol

UF : Tanah dengan pupuk Urea

Bio-MUC : Tanah dengan pupuk Urea

Kuarsa Kuarsa Kuarsa

Tanah Tanah

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PERTUMBUH AN JAGUNG

CK : Kontrol

UF : Tanah dengan pupuk Urea

Bio-MUC : Tanah dengan pupuk Urea

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KARAKTERISA SI BAHAN

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM – Hitachi SU8010)

Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM)

Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)

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ANALISIS MINERAL

TANAH,

PUPUK, DAN

_• _pH

• KTK

• C-org

• N

• P

• K

• Abu

TANAMAN

• Klorofil daun

• Tinggi

• Diameter batang

• Bobot kering

• Bobot basah

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HASIL DAN PEMBAHA

SAN

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STRUKTUR BIO-MUC

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PERKEMAHAN PRESENTASI

N-H and/or O-H Berasal dari Al-OH

dan Mg-OH dari bentonite dan

sepiolite.

Non-Bonded N-H

~3500 cm-1

3467 cm

^-1

– 3399 cm

^-1

Carbonyl (C=O) amide

1642–1652 cm

^-1

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SEM

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ANALISIS

SEM

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SEM

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N & C-org RELEASE

BIO-MUC

UF : 70% urea N

Bio-MUC : 39% urea N

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RELEASE BIO-MUC

Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC)

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N & C-org RELEASE

BIO-MUC

Table 2. Maize plant traits over 50 days growing under different treatments.

Treatment Fresh shoot (g pot^-1 ) Fresh root (g pot^-1 ) Plant height (cm) Leaf SPAD CK 98.36 ± 2.01b 21.70 ± 8.10b 136.50 ± 0.53a 19.40 ± 2.01b UF 98.61 ± 3.72b 23.46 ± 5.02b 140.38 ± 0.21a 23.83 ± 1.99a Bio-MUC 112.30 ± 10.5a 29.35 ± 2.75a 141.17 ± 0.76a 24.17 ± 1.27a

Table 3 Maize root traits over 50 days growing under different treatments.

Treatment Length

(cm) Surface area

(cm2 ) Average diameter

(mm) Total volume (cm3 ) CK 3618.25 ± 509.32b 163.44 ± 23.32b 2.05 ± 0.39 a 7.14 ± 0.93b UF 3976.03 ± 365.18 ab 179.88 ± 15.70 ab 2.19 ± 0.20 a 7.23 ± 0.68b Bio-MUC 4716.01 ± 409.12 a 212.94 ± 19.04 a 2.58 ± 0.35 a 9.96 ± 0.81 a

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KESIMPULAN

• N from the urea was bound strongly by the functionalised surfaces of the biochar.

• Biochar-mineral urea composite reduced the N leaching in soil.

• Biochar-mineral urea composite was more effective on the retention of NH4 + -N.

• Biochar-mineral urea composite increased maize root growth and N use efficiency.

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ATAS

PERHATIAN

TERIMAKASI

H

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P total 4.3g/kg P total g/kg P total g/kg

K total 15.6g/kg K total g/kg K total g/kg

Kadar abu 17% Bulk

Density 2.65g/cm3 Bulk Density 1.75g/cm3

WOOD VINEGAR Tanah Bio-MUC

pH H2O 4.1 pH H2O 8 pH H2O

EC 8.7ms/cm KTK Cmol/kg C-org 20 %

C-org g/kg C-org 11.35g/kg N 16.1 %

N 2.6g/kg N 0.98g/kg K 0.36 %

P total 36.8mg/l P total 14.6g/kg P 0.07 %

K total 268mg/l K total 120.3mg/kg Ca 1.5 %

Bulk

Density 1.37g/cm3 Mg 2.8 %

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