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INCREASING STUDENTS VOCABULARY MASTERY BY USING
PERSONAL VOCABULARY NOTES (PVN)
Heronimus Helson Estri Radut1, M. Dahlan Bahang2, Lukman HB3
1STKIP YPUP Makassar, Email: [email protected]
2STKIP YPUP Makassar, Email: [email protected]
3STKIP YPUP Makassar, Email: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The objective of the research was to find out whether or not the use of Personal Vocabulary Notes (PVN) technique increases student vocabulary mastery.This research used Pre- experimental method. The population of this research was the first grade of SMA Cendrawasih Makasar in academic 2021/2022. This research was twenty students and used total sampling technique in one class. The result of data analysis showed that there was significance difference in students vocabulary mastery, where the students score in post-test was higher than score in pre-test(75,75≥ 53) and the result of t-test was higher than t-table ( 5,86≥2,093). Based on the result of this research , it can be concluded that using personal vocabulary notes (PVN) can increase students vocabulary mastery.
Keywords : Personal Vocabulary Notes, Vocabulary Mastery.
INTRODUCTION Background
Language is a one of important thing in the world, with language we can communicate with other people, interaction with other people. According to Oxford advanced Learners Dictionary, Language is the system of communication in speech and writing that use by people of particular country. We can communicate with each other if we know and understand the same language which becomes a means of communication.
Vocabulary is one of the important thing in learning English, According to Penny, (1991), in julita, (2011). Vocabulary could be defined as words that thaugt in a foregin language. Vocabulary is a tool that used to understand and master english, vocabulary is a main component to increase all english skill. Indeed mastered vocabulary is a dificult thing.
Is not as easy back your hand need a process in mastering vocabulary.
Based on the reseacher observation at SMA Cendrawasih Makassar in 2021 Academic year, reseacher found that students still had any problems and difficulty in mastery vocabulary and the students were still not fluent in english words. It happen because the students have lacked in prior knowledge or experience with the vocabulary, the students only memorize words for a moment and can,t recall words in other times, the students difficulty in conceptualizing vocabulary and most of the students did not brought dictionary, lacked of
150 motivation besides that , the student felt the teaching learning process is uninterests because the lesson held in midday and this situation makes them lazy to study.Based on the problem above , the reseacher recommended that can be use to solve the problem in mastering vocabulary by using Personal Vocabulary Notes (PVN) .
Personal Vocabulary Notes (PVN) is a one of good method this is effective and interesting method that can use in some of classooom, it seems obvious the that varictics of teaching techniques need to maintain the interest of students of the students , so the researcher is interested in trying one that could be use by teachers to increase their teaching technique (in teaching English especially) and that can help the students to improve their vocabulary. It is personal vocabulary notes (PVN) Technique because this method is good technique for teaching English. Due to the back ground above, the researcher formulate a statement as follow, Does Personal Vocabulary Notes (PVN) technique increase students vocabulary mastery?
The objective of this research is to find out whether or not the use of Personal Vocabulary Notes (PVN) technique increases student vocabulary mastery.in order is to prove that the Personal Vocabulary Notes (PVN) can be applied and effective to increase students vocabulary,and then to get information how much increase vocabulary students using Personal Vocabulary Notes (PVN) technique. The results of the research expected to make a contribution theoretically and practically. This research theoretically is to contribute to the development of theoretical discipline. It will be used by the further researcher as a reference therefore, the research will be conducted continuously. On the other hand practically the result of this research is expected to give information to the curriculum policy make to bring into being as a public oriented for English learning and teaching process. It also useful for the teachers to get a new strategy in a teaching English and the students find an effective way to ability increasing vocabulary. in others word, it can be said the significance of this research universally becoming meaningful information for grammatical learning and teaching in other to be more interesting, pleasant, and comprehension for all educated people. The researcher explains the students improvement in learning vocabulary through personal vocabulary note ( PVN ) The research emphasizes noun and verb.
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Previous Research Findings
Awalia,(2021). In her research entitled“Using Personal Vocabulary Notes 9 PVN ) Technique to Develop the Students Vocabulary, Thesis in MTS Negeri Papi Enrekang.” This research purpose to develop students vocabulary, this research use kuantiatif method and She says using personal vocabulary notes is effective in increasing vocabulary.
Tiabarte,(2020).“The Use of Personal Vocabulary Notes (PVN) to teach Vocabulary” the objective of this study is to discover the effect of Personal Vocabulary Note (PVN) on students vocabulary achivment, this form research is a pre-experimental study. She found Personal Vocabulary Notes ( PVN ) give a strong effect on vocabulary achievement.
Ramadani,(2020). entitled “Using Personal Vocabulary Notes ( PVN ) To Improve Students Vocabulary (A Pre – experimental research at the seventh grade of SMP Aisyiyah
151 Sungguminasa)”. this research to know the Personal Vocabulary Notes ( PVN ) can improve vocabulary students or not. The result showed that using Personal Vocabulary Notes (PVN) was effective to improve students vocabulary.
Yulianti,(2015). Entitled “ The Efectiveness of Using Personal Vocabulary Notes (PVN) to Tecah English Vocabulary” she using pre-experimental method with one group of pre-test and post test design, she took the data with multiple choice, with the result she found the use of personal vocabulary notes is effective in teaching vocabulary while this research conducted with the same ability but diferent instrument to colllect data.
Wardani,(2015). Entitled “ Improving Students Vocabulary Mastery Using Word Maping Strategy” she using classroom action research and the instrument use primary data and secondary data, the researcher use word maping strategy as her technique in improving students vocabulary the result of this thesis showed improvement of the stiudents while in the research used pre-experimental design and the instrumental test used pre-test and posttest.
Panjaitan,(2011).Entitled “Improving Grade VIII Students Vocabulary Notes in SMP Santa Maria Medan” He concluded this research use classroom action research and use personal vocabulary notes (PVN) The research conducted in two cycles and each cycle consist of three meetings , based on the diary notes, observation sheet, and questionare it was found that the teaching learning activities run well, the result of the research showed that the use of personal voacabulary notes (PVN) significantly improved students vocabulary.
From all of the research have a similar and differences with this research the similar is the same with using same method that is Personal Vocabulary Notes,but all of this research also have differences with this research because they also use the collecting data used on observation. But this research just focus on increasing students vocabulary mastery on noun and verb, will using pre experimental method,the instrument will be used pre test and post test with a treatment explain material by using Personal Vocabulary notes (PVN) Technique.
Research Method and Design
The design of this research model can be described, as follows :
01 X 02
Where : 01 = pre-test X = Treatment 02 = post-test
Gay (2012)
Variable of the Research
This research have two variables. There are independent and dependent variables, the independent variable is Personal Vocabulary Notes ( PVN )and the dependent variable is students vocabulary mastery
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Population and Sample
1. Population
The population of this research is the Frist Grade Students of SMA Cendrawasih Makassar in the academic years 2021/2022.
2. Sample
The researcher used the total sampling technique , where the researcher used the whole population. Therefore ,the total number of sample is 20 students.
Instrument of the research
This research used by the researcher in collecting data by which the work is easier as the data are complete and systematic in this research, the instrument is vocabulary test, this test consisted of 20 items for pre-test and 20 items for the post-test. This is the multiple choice test with four options, A, B, C and D. The purpose of the test will use to find out the students skills in vocabulary mastery.
Procedure for collecting Data
1. Pre-testBefore giving treatment ,the researcher will give a pre-test to the students, that means to know how many the students vocabulary who has they know.
2. Treatment
The treatment is given after the pre-test for Four meetings, the general procedures during treatment.
a. The researcher introducing Personal Vocabulary Notes (PVN) to the students. Then give the material about noun vocabulary and verb vocabulary.
After that the researcher will share the paper notes and than explain materials about Daily Activity after that ask them to write down five vocabulary from that’s materials on their Personal Vocabulary Notes ( PVN ).
b. The next meeting, the researcher will asked students to remember again that they wrote before and then the researcher will ask the students to make sentences from their vocabulary who had they had before.
c. The next meeting, the researcher will explained the facility at the school or description of the school facility.then the researcher will shared the paper notes and ask the students to write down five vocabulary from the material who had explained before on their Personal Vocabulary Notes ( PVN ). And in the end of the class the researcher will give the students assignment to write down the vocabulary who they know from the facility at their home on their personal vocabulary notes ( PVN ).
d. In the fourth meeting, the researcher will ask the students to remember the vocabulary that they had written before and then ask the students to make sentences from their vocabulary and then check their assignment.
3. Post-Test
In the last meeting the researcher will giving students Post-test. And the result of post-test will be calculated in order to know how increasing the
153 vocabulary skill from the students after using Personal Vocabulary Notes ( PVN ).
Technique of Data Analysis
A. To know the pre-test and post-test result of students answer : 1. The students correct answer = 10
2. The students Wrong Answer = 0 Score =total number of correct answer
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑠 × 100
Gay (2012) B. The students score classified info seven levels as follow
a. Score 96 – 100 ,classified as excellent b. Score 86 – 95 , classified as very good c. Score 76 – 85 , classified as good d. Score 66 – 75 ,classified as fairly good e. Score 56 – 65 ,classified as fair f. Score 36 – 55 ,classified as poor g. Score 0 – 35 , classified as very poor
C. Calculated the frequency of percentage scores from students scores P=𝑓
𝑛× 100%
Where :
P : Percentage F : Frequency
N : Total number of students
D. Calculated the score of the students by using the following formula 𝑋 =∑ 𝑋
𝑁 Where :
X : Mean Score ∑ 𝑋 ∶The sum of all score N : The total number of subject
E. Calculated the result of the test
To assess the varying significance between the pre-test score and post- test, the test value determined using the following formula.
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t = 𝐷
√𝛴𝐷 2−𝑁 ( 𝑁−1 )( 𝛴𝐷 )2𝑁
Where :
t : Test of significance D : Score change
∑ 𝐷 ∶ The mean of diferent score N : Total number of sample
Findings
Table 4.1
The Students Score of Pre-test,Post-test,gain and the square of the gain
NO Respondent Pre-test Post-test
Gain
(X2-X1) D2
1 FA 80 95 15 225
2 SN 40 70 30 900
3 JA 40 75 35 1225
4 IH 35 70 35 1225
5 NA 40 70 30 900
6 AA 40 75 35 1225
7 DA 50 75 25 625
8 AE 60 85 25 625
9 AOS 55 70 15 225
10 FC 70 80 10 100
11 EJ 45 70 25 625
12 YA 60 80 20 400
13 MR 55 70 15 225
14 HD 50 80 30 900
15 MD 40 75 35 1225
16 MT 65 80 15 225
17 MA 60 80 20 400
18 SR 60 70 10 100
19 JN 60 75 15 225
20 AS 55 70 15 225
N = 20 ∑𝑋1
= 1.060=53
∑𝑋2
=1.515=75,75
∑ 𝐷 =455 ∑ 𝐷2 =11.825
From the data above, the reseacher has collected their score pre-test and post-test. In case, the reseacher aimed to compare the pre-test and post-test result of the students. The total score of pre-test was 1,060 from the total number of students were 20 students. It also showed the students vocabulary ability was very low. The total score of post-test were 1,515 from the total number of students was 20, it could be infered that the post-test result were
155 higher than pre-test result after applied the treatment at the first grade students of SMA Cendrawasih Makassar especially IPA Class.
Table 4.2 The Students Rate Precentage of Pre-test
NO Categories classifying Number of
students
Precentage %
1 Excellent 96-100 0 0
2 Very good 86-95 0 0
3 Good 76-85 1 5
4 Fairly good 66-75 1 5
5 Fair 56-65 6 30
6 Poor 36-55 11 55
7 Very poor 0-35 1 5
TOTAL 20 100
From this table it can be seen that there was one student (5) of 20 students who get a good classification score, one student (5) of 20 students fairly good clasification score, six students (30) of 20 students fair classification score, the score was dominated by poor clasification where 11 students (55) of 20 students got a poor clasification. And one student (55) 0f 20 students got very poor classification. More than 50 students get a bad score. None of them get excellent and very good classification.
Table 4.3 The Students Rate Precentage of Post-test
NO Categories classifying Number of
students
Precentage
1 Excellent 96-100 0 0
2 Very good 86-95 1 5
3 Good 76-85 6 30
4 Fairly good 66-75 13 65
5 Fair 56-65 0 0
6 Poor 36-55 0 0
7 Very poor 0-35 0 0
TOTAL 20 100
The data in the table above shows that the frequency and the rate precentageof the students achievment in the post-test. From this table it can be seen that there were 1 student (5) of 20 students get very good classification score,6 students (30) of 20 students get good classification score,13 students (65) of 20 students get fairly good score, none of them get excellent,fair,poor,and very poor classification. In the post-test, the lowest score is 70 and the highest score is 95. After giving the treatment the students scores increased.
Table 4.4
The mean score of the students in pre-test,post-test and gain
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Test Mean score
Pre-test 53
Post-test 75,75
Based on the table 4.4 above, the mean score of students pre-test was 53 from the total score of 1,060 and the mean score of post test 75,75 from the total score of 1,515. The mean score of gain was 22,75 from the total score was 455. It was revealed an increasing score it is proved by the students post-test showed that there was a slight improvement from pre-test and post test. It could be conludedthat the mean score of post-test was greater than the mean score of pre-test. This means that using Personal Vocabulary Notes (PVN) Technique could increase the students vocabulary ability at the first grade of SMA Cendrawasih Makassar
Table 4.5
The t-test of students vocabulary achievment
Variable t-test value t-table
X2-X1 5,86 2,093
Table 4.5 above showed that t-table was smaller than t-test value of the students vocabulary where the value of t-test was 5,86 and t-table 2,093. It showed the students t-test was higher than t-table. It can be concluded that there is significant different between the result of students pre-test and post-test.
Hypothesis Testing
To find out the degree of freedom (df), the formula used is as in the following : Df = N-1, where ( N=20)
Df = 20-1 Df = 19
For level of significance p= 0,05 and Df = N-1 (19)
For the level significant (p) = 0,05 and the degree of freedom (df) =19, the value of t-table is 2,093. The value of t-test is 5,86. The value of t-test is greater than the value of t-table (2,093). Comparing with the t-test value, it can be concluded that there was a significant difference between the result of pre-test and post-test score of students vocabulary achievment after learning by Personal Vocabulary Notes Technique. It means that the use of personal Vocabulary Notes Technique could increase the students vocabulary ability. It means that the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected and the alternative hypothesis (H1) is accepted.
Discussion
The data descriptions were collected through the vocabulary test. The sample of this research is the first grade students at SMA Cendrawasih. The reseacher was collected in pre-
157 test and post-test. The type of test used is multiple choice tests with a total of twenty numbers for each test, the reseacher assigns the same test and test item. In increasing the students vocabulary mastery, the reseacher used (PVN) as technique to make the students interest and easier memorize vocabulary. The students scored increase because the reseacher in learning refersh the description about the students daily activity and about their class. Moreover, the students should fill their vocabulary notes with the word from the material and then fill the meaning from that words and in the end of the class the reseacher asked students to make a sentence from all the words in their home.
Based on the results of research conducted by reseacher at SMA Cendrawasih reseacher saw that vocabulary of all students was very lacking. It has been tested through a pre-test given by reseacher and they don’t even know the vocabulary that is often used daily.
The first meeting of teaching learning process, the reseacher greeted students by saying “good morning” and all of students answered by saying “good morning Sir” friendly.
The meeting started by praying, greeting,and checking attendance list, before giving the material, the reseacher gave some questions, for example “what do you know about vocabulary” some students could answer it but they used indonesian language. It could happen because they usually discussed it in indonesian language. Therefore, the reseacher explained about what is vocabulary in english, first before the reseacher explained about the material the reseacher after gave the pre-test. At the beginning of teaching learning process, the reseacher gave explanation about the material that is descriptive text ( describing about daily activity) from that material the reseacher asked students to fill their vocabulary notes and in the last of the class, the reseacher asked the students to make sentence from that vocabulary who they fill in the vocabulary notes.and that will cheked in the next meeting.
The second meeting the reseacher greeted students and they answered it friendly.
Then, the reseacher cheked the attendant list. After that the reseacher checked the sentence who students write in the last coloum on their vocabulary notes and the reseacher asked them the meaning of that sentences in indonesian. Than reseacher continued to the second material with the topic “ my classroom” and then the reseacher gave same directions like the first meeting fill their vocabulary notes and in the end of the class asked the students write the sentence from the vocabulary who they fill in the vocabulary notes.
In the third and fourth meeting the reseacher still gave the material for students in the third meeting the topic is “my home” and the fourth meeting with the topic “ my school”
from that material the reseacher still gave same directions write down the vocabulary from that material and in the end of the class asked them write down the sentence from that vocabulary in the last coloumn on their vocabulary paper notes.
After all of the material end, the reseacher review all of that material and tried to test the vocabulary from students, when the reseacher checked the students felt easier to answered question from the reseacher and they felt antusias to answered, after did, lastly the reseacher gave post-test to students to know their vocabulary ability before and after used Personal Vocabulary Notes Technique in teaching vocabulary.
Besdides looking at the result of pre-test and post-test, the students achievment of vocabulary test could also be known by the students mean score of both pre-test and post-test.
158 The pre-test result shows that every students has diferent ability about vocabulary. More than a half of students got low score, it has been proven by analyzing the data. Based on the research of statistical analysis, the reseacher found that the students score in pre-test and post- test was diferent. It showed that the total of students; score in pre-test (X1) was 1,060 and the total score of students post-test (X2) was 1,515. The gain of students score between pre-test an post-test ( X1,X2) was 455 and square of gain (D2)was 11,825, it can be indicated that the students total score of post-test was higher than the total students score of pre-test after they had been thaugt by Personal Vocabulary Notes Technique. In the pre-test and post-test, it can be seen from 20 students the minimum score in pre-test was 35 and in the post-test the minimum score was 70, meanwhile the students maximum score in pre-test was 80 and post- test was 95. It means that, there was increased students score in vocabulary ability. From poor into good, it was signifies that classification of students score was increasing and came into better category score from poor to good. It also indicated that there were an improvement instudents score. In pre-test the rate precentage and frequency of the students in vocabulary ability by using Personal Vocabulary Notes Technique where 1 students ( 5) was classified good,1 students (5) classified fairly good, 6 students (30) classified fair, 11 students (55) classfied poor,and 1 students (5) classified very poor.
In post-test the rate precentage and frequency of the students achievment that there were 1 students (5) classified very good, 6 students (30) classified good, and 13 students (65) classified fairly good, and none one from 20 students were categories in fair,poor and very poor. In this case, the reseacher sucsess to apply the vocabulary material by using Personal Vocabulary Notes Technique. To see if both mean score is significant diferent, reseacher should look at the value of t-test and the t-table value firstly. Where the t-test value was 5,86 and the t-table value was 2,093. To get the result 2,093, formulated Df= N-1 where table value was 2,093. To get the result 2,093 formulated Df= N-1 where N sample of student was 20-1 = 19 so reseacher could look at table at point 19. From here, reseacher can be seen that the value of t-test was higher than t-table, which means both mean score on significant diferent it means that students vocabulary ability increase after being taught by Personal Vocabulary Notes Technique.
Based on the students result of pre-test and post-test, the reseacher concluded that the students achievment of pre-test was lower than the students rate of post-test . it explains that there was a significance difference between the mean score of pre-test and post-test.
Considering that the t-test was higher than t-table. It can be inferred that hypothesis (H0) Stating does not increase of students vocabulary after using Personal Vocabulary Notes is rejected. Meanwhile the alternative hypothesis (H1) stating that by using Personal Vocabulary Notes students vocabulary increase, is accepted. It can be described that after having treatment by using Personal Vocabulary Notes Technique students vocabulary was increased. Most students participated actively they really antusiasm in laerning english vocabulary. Thus, Personal Vocabulary Notes Technique is effective in theaching vocabulary. The result of this study supported with those of previous study, there were some research findings that studied the same technique to increase the students vocabulary mastery.
The first reseacher Panjaitan (2011) conducted a research “Improving Grade VIII Students Vocabulary Achivment By Using Personal Vocabulary Notes In SMP Santa Maria Medan” The reseacher conducted this research by using classroom action research (CAR)
159 and use Personal Vocabulary Notes. The research was conducted in two cycles and each cycle consisted of three meetings. Based on the diary notes, obsevation sheet, and qusionare, it was found that the teaching learning activities ran well, the result of this researcher showed that the use of personal vocabulary notes can improved students vocabulary.
The second reseacher Ariansyah (2012) conducted a research “Students responses on personal Vocabulary Notes to improve students Understanding Vocabulary” This research use descriptive method. The isntrument to collecting data were observation, quosionare, and interview, the result of this research that obtains positive response because the teacher used to untilized Personal Vocabulary Notes.
The third Reseacher Antoniosyola, H. (2013) conducted a research “Improving The Tenth Grade Students Vocabulary Achievment and Students Active Participation By Using Personal Vocabulary Notes (PVN). The reseacher conducted his research by using classroom action research method. This research using Personal Vocabulary Notes in improving students vocabulary, the reseacher found that by using personal vocabulary notes has improved students vocabulary.
The fourth Reseacher Aprilianty (2014). With her thesis “The Effectiveness of Personal Vocabulary Notes (PVN) Technique on students Vocabulary Understanding” the reseacher conducted her research by using quasi experimental research. The reseacher took two class in the subject of the study were experimental class and controlled class. The result of the study was 34.00 for the experimental class and 16,40 for controlled class. It can be conducted that Personal Vocabulary Notes (PVN) Technique was effective on students vocbulary understanding.
By seeing several previous reseacher above, the reseacher concluded that students vocabulary was improved by Using Personal Vocabulary Notes (PVN) Moreover Personal Vocabulary Notes (PVN) Made students more active, enjoy and interesting during the teaching and learning process of vocabulary. The result of this reseacher also showed that Using Personal Vocabulary Notes (PVN) technique could increase student vocabulary matery.
Based on the results students score above. It was found that the students vocabulary in adescriptive text was gradually increasing. It was that there was
a good impact of Personal Vocabulary Notes Technique toward increase of students ability in vocabulary. All of the result of instruments after accomplishing the classroom action research revealed the good result from improve students vocabulary with Personal Vocabulary Notes Technique in descriptive text. The students admitted that they were intereted in this technique.
They felt easier in did vocabulary test. The students look motivated and confident in learning vocabulary. Considering the explanation above the reseacher concluded that the reseacher was sucessful and the Personal Vocabulary Notes Technique is effective way ti increase students vocabulary and to strengthen students memory about words. The increase of students ability in vocabulary can be supported by increase of students score of SMA Cendrawasih Makassar.
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CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
Conclusions
Based on the result of the data analysis, it could be concluded that the result of the test that the students were thaught using Personal Vocabulary Notes Technique has sucessfully incresed the students vocabulary mastery in descriptive text, and they got higher score than before. The total score in pre-test was 1,060 and the total score in post- test was 1,515. The mean score of the students pre-test was 53, while in the post-test was 75,75. For the level significance 0,05 and the degree of freedom (Df) = 20-1 and t-test value was higher than t-table value was (5,86≥ 2,093) so the alternative (H1) was accepted and the null hypothesis (H0) was rejected. It can be concluded there was significance differences between the result of pre-test and post-test which indicated that Using Personal Vocabulary Notes Technique could help the students in build up their vocabulary especially understanding verb and noun. Futhermore, using Personal Vocabulary Notes technique can strengthen students memory about words. It is effectively in teaching vocabulary at X IPA Class of SMA Cendrawasih Makasar.
Suggestion
Based on the above conclusions, the reseacher would like to suggest. It si known that the use of Personal Vocabulary Notes Technique on students vocabulary mastery provided a good increase. So Personal Vocabulary Notes technique is the one of choiches to increase students vocabulary Mastery. After concluding the research, the reseacher wanted the teaching and learning process to be better than before, some suggestion that can be offered next reseacher based on the research findings.
As the result of study reveals that the use of Personal Vocabulary Notes Technique, the reseacher suggest the following things :
1. It is suggested to english teacher to use Personal Vocabulary Notes Technique in teaching and learning process especially in teaching vocabulary.
2. It is suggested to english teacher to use the interesting environmental to teach vocabulary to the students.
3. The teacher should invite and raise the students interest and motivation in learning by manipulating various ways in presenting productive ability, include teaching vocabulary.
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