According to Jayanti (2019), perception is one of the important psychological aspects of people in response to the presence of various aspects and symptoms around it. On the other hand, based on the results of the preliminary research conducted by the research, fourth semester students at the Nommensen HKBP University with the English Department, some students say that using Podcast is a good way to listen, as well as useful and interesting. As Qiong (2017) mentioned, perception is a process experienced to achieve awareness or understanding of sensory information. The difference in students' perception, especially for 4th semester students of the English Department, Nommensen HKBP University Medan, is an exciting thing to observe in this case.
Specifically, the researcher will examine the perception of 4th semester students of the English department at Nommensen HKBP University in the academic year 2021/2022 using the audio of English podcasts in listening. In order to determine the factors that influence perception, the researcher used the theory of Robins in Harton (2015), which states that there are some main factors that influence the formation of a person's social perception. A student who has a poor perception of the audio use of English podcasts, hopes that this research will provide a good or new perception of the audio use of English podcasts in listening.
Listening is one of the skills to be learned from the four skills learned in English.
Benefits of Listening
To evaluate is to listen with the intention of being able to judge what is heard. A person listened with the intention of sharing ideas and feelings with others evenly and precisely. A person who listens to be able to correctly distinguish sounds from sound, which sounds distinguish meaning and which sounds do not distinguish meaning.
By listening to a speaker, someone can get a lot of valuable input in solving the problem. The better the listening power of someone, the better the absorption of information or the knowledge he listens to.
Difficulties in Listening
Teaching Listening
When students do not know or are not interested in a material, they assume it is complex. Listening using authentic language as much as possible, because when the teacher uses difficult words, it will be difficult for the students to understand them. The purpose of varied material is one way to get students interested in the material presented in each session.
The material used to train listening comprehension should not be presented visually first, it is better for students to be exposed only to sound. It can be concluded that teaching listening means conveying some understanding material about the language system.
Media in Teaching Listening 1. Podcast
Types of Podcast
The basis used to determine the type of podcast is from the method used by the host during recording. Solo Podcast, As the name suggests, a solo podcast is a type of recording performed by a single host in a monologue. This means that the entire content of the recorded podcast is read in one direction without any interlocutor.
Generally, the topic of a solo podcast is a discussion about the host's opinion on something that is currently viral, reading a story sent by a listener, or providing information about something. Interview Podcast, podcast interview is a type that contains dialogue between several people with the context of the interview. Podcast interview guests are people who will be different in each episode, according to the theme presented.
Multi-Host Podcast A multi-host podcast is a type of podcast that is distributed by multiple hosts at the same time. A multi-presenter or multi-host podcast is a type of recording in the form of a discussion from the perspectives of several speakers on a topic.
The Advantage of Podcast
Perception
- Definition of Perception
- The Types of Perception
- Process of Perception
- Factors of Perception
Thus, from the above explanation it can be concluded that the perception of an active process of immediate consciousness of an object that is the internal and external factors of an individual involves the existence of things, events and other people by assigning values to the object. According to Hadi (2018), the types of perception are: through hearing, perception through the sense of smell, perception through the sense of taste and perception through skin or taste. According to Irwanto in Hadi (2018), there are two types of perceptions: the result of interactions between people and objects.
A negative perception is a perception that describes information (known or unknown) negatively or does not follow the perceived object. In addition, positive or negative perception depends on how a person describes the knowledge of an object being perceived or how attracted they are to an object. The process of perception is the reception of a stimulus in the form of a sound or visual object.
The method of one's perception starts from the influence of the organization of reality work in the form of incentives such as organizational reward systems, workflows and others. It is then processed into individual perceptions through the observation phase of the stimuli received by the senses. The closing process, namely the state of a person when receiving stimulation, is always limited to problems and always fills what is left free with his own experience.
In the recording process, a symptom that appears is a physical mechanism in the form of a person's sensitivity and state affected by the senses that he has. Interpretation is an essential cognitive aspect of perception, namely the process of making sense of the stimulus it receives. In this regard, the process of perception formation is influenced by self-perception between one person and another or between a group and other groups.
Previous Relevant Research
The subjects of this study were students in grades 3 and 5 of the English Education Study Program, which focuses on interpretive listening and the comprehensive listening. Questionnaires were distributed to 115 students in the listening class, and interview data were obtained from representatives of 10 students who are the sample of this study. The results of this study showed that: (1) students enjoy using podcasts in listening lessons because podcasts are easy to use. Students agree that podcasts can help them learn to listen, and they are willing to use podcasts as an alternative way to learn to listen, and podcasts also motivate them because it engages their interests. Podcast content and clear original pronunciation that comes from podcasts can improve their skills, especially listening and speaking skills. In addition, most students also agree that podcasts are easy to use because there are already many podcast sites available on the Internet. 2) the problem that students encounter when using podcasts is that the duration of the podcast is too long for them.
Meanwhile, the researchers in this study not only know the perception, but the researcher also intends to find out the factors that affect the perception in this study. The results of the questionnaire showed that 64% of the students indicated that the use of podcasts was listening helps them understand vocabulary in listening to understand content, and the results of the interview show that podcasting can be a facilitation tool in effective EFL- teaching helps students most in listening. So it can be concluded that the students' perception of the use of podcasts in listening lessons is positive.
In this study, the researcher wants to explore the factors that influence perceptions and how they are perceived. A third of the research was conducted by Harahap (2020) titled research "Podcast Impacts on Students' Listening Skills: A Case Study Based on Students' Perceptions. 34; This study currently aims to explore the effect of podcasts on listening skills .for university students.
This study involved fourteen students from the second semester of Tadris English High School The Islamic Religion of the State of Mandailing Natal. During this study, a researcher focused on finding out how students perceive and what factors influence perception. Next, in this study, the researcher aims to explore and find out the students' perceptions of using English podcast audio in terms of listening comprehension.
Conceptual Framework
Based on the above explanation, the three researchers tested students' perceptions and related to listening skills and used English podcast audio as a tool to determine each student's perception. The difference between the three previous types of research and this research is that the researcher also wants to know or investigate which factors influence perception. Students' perception of using English podcast audio in 4th semester listening comprehension in English major.
Research Design
Data and Source of Data
The Subject of the Research
The Technique of Collecting Data
The Instrument of Collecting Data
Questionnaire
According to Brace (2004), questionnaires are written in many different ways and used in many different situations with different data collection media. In research, the term "Questionnaire" refers to questions that are available for the interviewer to administer in a face-to-face or telephone interview or to complete questions on a questionnaire sheet. The researcher would distribute questionnaires to twenty students from the English Department at the Faculty of Teacher Education and Training, Nommensen HKBP University.
The questions in the questionnaire are about students' perceptions of the use of Podcast English audio in listening skills. The researcher asked the participants to complete the questions on the questionnaire and collected the responses.
Interview
Interviews in descriptive qualitative research are generally conducted with open-ended questions that aim to elicit in-depth information and are conducted using unstructured formal things to obtain the subject's perspective on observing many things that bring benefits in obtaining detailed information (Sutopo, 2006: 59). The researcher conducted interviews with 20 4th semester students of English Department at Nommensen University HKBP Medan. The purpose of this interview is to obtain direct information from the students about the factors that influenced the perception of each student.
The researcher prepared questions about the factors affecting students' perceptions of the use of English Podcast audio in listening skills. The researcher asked some questions to the students to find out what factors influence their perception.
Technique of Analyzing Data
