Literature Review 1.1 Fisheries resources in Indonesia
Indonesia as a tropical country, is rich in biological resources, which is indicated by a high level of biodiversity. Marine and fishery resources are one of the potential natural resources that are very large and get serious attention in Indonesia. Two-thirds of Indonesia's territory consists of the sea, has more than 17,000 islands and a coastline of 81,000 km. Of the 7000 species of fish in the world, 2000 of them are found in Indonesia. The sustainable potential of Indonesian marine fishery resources is approximately 6.4 million tons per year. Biologically, Indonesia's coastal and marine areas also have global value, because Indonesian waters are spawning grounds for highly migratory fish such as tuna, dolphins and various types of whales and turtles.
Marine Fisheries Marine fisheries resources in Indonesia are organized into groups: Large Pelagic, Small Pelagic, Demersal, Shrimp/ Other Crustaceans, Reef Fish, Ornamental Fish, Seaweed, Sea Cucumber Molluscs/ Jellyfish, Natural Seeds, Reptiles and Marine Mammals.
Meanwhile as a basis In calculating the potential of fish resources in Indonesia, it has been agreed that Indonesian marine waters are divided into nine regions fisheries management includes the Malacca Strait, South China Sea, Java Sea, Ocean Indies, Makassar Strait and Flores Sea, Sea Sulawesi and the Pacific Ocean, Tomini Bay and the Maluku Sea, the Arafura Sea. By national sustainable potential of fishery resources the sea which includes fishery resources large pelagic, small pelagic, demersal, shrimp, reef fish, and squid is 6.2 million tons/year. fishery sector continue to provide increased contributions to economic growth ( Firdaus. 2018).
1.2 Fisheries diversity in Indonesia
Indonesia's coastal and marine areas famous for its richness and diversity of natural resources, both recoverable resources (fisheries, mangrove forests, and coral reefs etc.), as well as non-recoverable resources (oil earth and gas as well as minerals or mining materials other).
Indonesia is known as a country with rich biodiversity the largest sea in the world, because has a distinctive coastal ecosystem such as mangrove forests, coral reefs, and seagrass.
1.3 Benefit of fisheries in Indonesia
Fisheries provide the field no small work. The fisheries sector can absorb direct labor as much as 5.35 million people consisting of 2.23 million fishermen sea, 0.47 million public water fishermen, and 2.65 million fish farmers. While people who depend on the fisheries sector from upstream (catch and cultivation) to downstream (industry, trade, services, etc.) quite a lot which is 10.7 million.
Fish as food has high nutritional value with high protein content composed of essential amino acids indispensable for growth and human intelligence. Fish contains omega-3 unsaturated fatty acids that contain benefits, including: cholesterol levels in the blood, increase the ability to learn and remember, increase immunity, lower numbers death from heart disease and prevent blood pressure from rising. Therefore to increase the availability of fish it is necessary a fishery management strategy is developed that pay attention to the balance of environmental, economic and social aspects in order to avoid from failures at the level of implementation so that its exploitation is expected to sustainable ( Nazdan. 2008)
1.4 How to utilize the fisheries resources to meet the need of Indonesian (also economically)
Nazdan ., Budi Setiawan ., Dadang Sukanda. (2008). Analysis of Fisheries Potential and Management in Food Security Perspective at Coastal Zone of West Lampung Regency. Journal of Nutrition and Food 3(3): 149 – 155
Firdaus, Maulana. (2018). The Profile of Tuna and Cakalang Fishery in Indonesia.
Scientific Bulletin “MARINA” Socio-Economic Maritime Affairs and Fisheries 4(1): 23-32
