In this research, the researcher chooses the movie "The Adventures of Tintin Movie" in word formation analysis. What types of word formation process are used in the film script "The Adventures of Tintin". To find out what are the types of word formation in the film script "The Adventures of Tintin".
Morpheme
A morpheme is "a minimal unit of meaning or grammatical function".27 English word forms such as talks, talker, talked and talking must consist of one element talk and many other elements such as -s, -er, -ed and - ing. Units of grammatical function include forms used to indicate past time or plural, for example in the sentence "The police reopened the investigation", the word reopened is made up of three morphemes. One minimal unit of meaning is open, another minimal unit of meaning is re- (meaning "again") and the minimal unit of grammatical function is -ed (indicating past tense).
Word Formation Process
These are not used to create new words in the language, but to indicate aspects of a word's grammatical function. Cutout refers to the element of reduction, which is noticeable in the mix, and is even more apparent in the process. For example: -ness, -ful, -less, -ism, -ish appearing in words like sad, joyful, indifferent, terrorism and boyish.
FILM
Forms that begin as acronyms can also undergo other processes, as in the use of lase as a verb, the result of back-formation from laser. In the term waspish attitudes, the acronym WASP ("white Anglo-Saxon Protestant") has lost its capital letters and gained a suffix (-ish) in the derivation process.44. Such a cinematic language involves the combination of the distinct technical practices of cinematography, acting, screenplay and editing which have fused over time and in different cultural contexts to form the particular rules of specific cinemas.46 Film and television programs are polysemiotic; several channels, ie. images, dialogue, music and effects, contribute to the overall communicative effect, whereas books are monosemiotic, putting all their faith in the printed word.47.
People in all parts of the world see movies as a form of entertainment, a way to have fun. Adventure films are usually exciting stories, with new experiences or exotic locales, very similar or often paired with the action film genre. Musical/dance films are cinematic forms that emphasize full-scale scores or song and dance routines in a significant way.
War films acknowledge the sadness of war, and let the battles on land, sea or in the air provide the primary plot of the action film. This movie tells the adventures of intrepid young reporter named Tintin and his loyal dog Snowy are thrust into a world of high adventure when they discover a ship carrying an explosive secret. The story revolves around young reporter Tintin, his dog Snowy and his friend Captain Haddock, who discover a mystery left behind by Haddock's ancestor, the 17th century Sir Francis Haddock, which leads them to the hidden treasure of the pirate Red Rackham lead. To unravel the mystery, Tintin and Haddock must obtain three identical models of Sir Francis' ship, the Unicorn, but they discover that criminals are also after these model ships and are willing to kill to obtain them.50.
50https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Secret_of_the_Unicorn verkry November 2015 om 11 vm.
Previous Research Finding
These three studies have similarities in analyzing the same field of linguistics study, morphology, which focused on word formation process. Melisa Nofa Nanda, Rusdi Noor Rosa, Havid Ardi analyzed word formation between "Twillight" in the novel and "Twillight" in the film script, Desita Anggraeni used outdoor advertising as the subject of the study, Nurrahmi Hidayati studied "A morphological study of word formation of ERP software terms at www .wiley.com" while this research examines the word formation process taken from the movie script "The Adventures of Tintin". Nurrahmi hidayati analyzed types of word formation of the ERP software term using Plag theory, Melisa Nofa Nanda, Rusdi Noor Rosa, Havid Ardi used O'Grady and Desita Anggraeni used Hatch & Brown (1995), Katamba (1993) and O' Grady (1996) ) theories in their study, while this research uses George Yule's theory to analyze kinds of word formation processes.
Theoritical Framework
Research Methodology a. Research Design
The main characteristic of this method is that the researcher has no control over the variables; he can only report what has happened or what is happening. From the explanation above, the researcher used descriptive qualitative design on his research because the word formation here has general form and the more specific form of word formation is coin, compound, clip, blend, acronym, conversion, reversal, derivation and several processes. The researcher uses this method to describe the linguistic phenomena found in the film. There are 578 words of word formation processes which consist of coin word process 2, process of combining words 200, process of cutting words 9, process of mixing words 10, process of acronym words 20, process of.
This resource contains the result of a synthesis of materials derived from primary sources, both empirical and theoretical. The secondary data sources of this research related to the film are books, dictionaries, essays, magazines and all printed materials and internet sources related to the study of word formation processes in the film script "The Adventures of Tintin". Therefore, this technique is suitable for obtaining and collecting data from the movie "The Adventures of Tintin". Based on the above statement, the researcher uses the transcription of the movie "The Adventures of Tintin" to collect the data of her study.
Data analysis is the process of systematically searching and arranging the interview transcripts, field notes, and other material that you collect in order to increase your own understanding of them and to enable you to present what you have discovered to others.64 According to Donald Ary, . Data analysis is the process of systematically searching and arranging interview transcripts, field notes, audio recordings, video data,. In this research, the researcher uses content analysis as this study tries to analyze and identify data on word formation in film script. Content analysis is a quantification-oriented technique whereby standardized measurements are applied to metrically defined units and these are used to characterize and compare documents. 66Content analysis is a set of procedures for collecting and organizing information in a standardized format that allows the analyst to draw conclusions about the characteristics and meaning of written and other recorded.67This study analyzed the use of content analysis because the researcher analyzed the context of film script .
Collecting the data by classifying it into types of word formation processes using George Yule theory, the researcher defines whether the utterances in the film script are categorized into coining, compounding, cutting, blending, acronyms, borrowing, conversion, backformation or derivation .
Organization of the Thesis
This chapter explains the percentage of each type of word-forming process in The Adventures of Tintin.
CHAPTER II
Research Findings
According to the above data, there are 10 types of word formation process based on George Yule; they are Cut, Blend, Cut,. The researcher found 578 word formation process words consisting of cutting words2, word composition process 200, word cutting process 9, word blending process 10, shortened word process 20, word borrowing process 138, word conversion process 19, backformation word process 26, word derivation process 154 (verb making 10, adjective making 57, noun making 63, adverb making 24), and lastly, the processes of multiples are not found in the Adventures of Tintin movie script.
Research Discussions
- Coinage
- Compounding
- Borrowing
- Conversion
- Backformation
The word “help” is derived from the verb class that means “to give something to someone or take something for yourself.” The word “Hold” which comes from the class of verbs meaning “to keep”, can be converted into a noun meaning “space”. The word 'Face' comes from the class of nouns meaning 'front part of the head'. Here, the word.
After adding the suffix 'ise', the word 'Realise' changes the class function of the word from adjective to verb, meaning 'to understand a situation, sometimes suddenly'. Known” is derived from the root “Family”, which comes from the class of nouns and means “a group of people who are”. Funny” is derived from the root “Fun”, which comes from the class of nouns meaning “fun, enjoyment, amusement”.
Worthy" comes from the root "Value", which comes from the class of adjective means "having a value in money" + suffix - "y", which means "to be a characteristic or disposition." After adding suffix - " y", the word "worthy" ”. Hopeless" comes from the root "Hope", which comes from the class of verb means "to wish that something will happen or. Valuable" comes from the root "Value", which comes from the class of noun means "the meaning or value of something to someone" + suffix - "state", which means.
Delivery” is derived from the root “Deliver” which comes from the class of verb means “to carry goods, letters, parcels, etc. Business” is derived from the root “Busy” which comes from the class of adjectives that “have a lot to do” + suffix . Collection” is derived from the root “Collect” which comes from the class of verbs meaning “get” + suffix - “ion”.
This chapter discussed about the second statement of the problem, where the most common word formation process is found in the movie script "The Adventures of Tintin" based on George Yule theory. To show the result of each classification in percentage, the researcher uses the following formula. 1= total of types of each word formation process � = total of the entire word formation process The percentage of each classification can be calculated below;.
The result of the above calculation can be seen in table 3.1 below. The table shows that there are 578 words of the word formation process which consists of the process of cutting words 2, the process of composing words 200, the process of cutting words 9, the process of mixing words 10, the process of shortening words 20, the process of loan words 138, conversion word process 19, backformation word process 26, derivation word process 154 and multiple processed words 0.
Discussions
CLOSING
Conclusion
Suggestions
2011. The word formation process in outdoor advertising; A case study of the billboard installed in Semarang. Faculty of Humanities. Sari KnoppBiklen, Qualitative Research for Education, An Introduction to Theory and Methods, (United States: Library of Congress Publication. And Sari KnoppBiklen. 2007. Qualitative Research for Education, an Introduction to Theory and Methods. Boston: Pearson.
Content Analysis: A Methodology for Structuring and Analyzing Written Material, (Washington: United States General Accounting Office. Dykes,Barbara.2007.Grammar for Everyone; Practical Tools for Learning and Teaching Grammar.Australia:ACER Press. An Analysis Of Word Formation Used In Twilight novel by Stephenie Meyer and Twilight movie script written by Melissa Rosenberg.English Language and Literature E-Journal.Universitas Negeri Padang.
