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Corporate Social l{esponsibility on SRI KEIJATI Index Corporate l't'rlormunce: A Clsc StudS
Sugeng Wahyudi, lrene Rini Demi Pangesitti, Rio Dhani L.aksana.
I{ersugonrlo. Robil'anto;' 5 orang Penulis Anggota
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International Journal ofEconomics and Business Administration:
2241-4754:
Volume VI, Issue 4, hal. 93 s/d 104, 2018:
European Research Center ofManagerial Studies in Business Administration:
10.35808/ijeba/179:
https://www.rjeba.comTerindeks di CEEOL.EBSCO.RePEc. SCOPUS (Q3), SJR 2018 0,25. H Indeks l8 Jurnal il m iah in+emasie*alllnternasional bereputasi * *
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References (35)
1 of 1
Corporate social responsibility on SKI KEHATI index corporate performance : A case study
(Review), , , ,
Diponegoro University, Indonesia Jenderal Soedirman University, Indonesia Satya Wacama Christian University, Indonesia
Abstract
Many companies are now increasingly aware of the importance of implementing Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as part of their business strategy and as the embodiment of the company's concern to society. This study specifically examines the SRI - KEHATI Index which is a new index that specifically includes issuers that have excellent performance in encouraging sustainable businesses, as well as having awareness of the environment,
social and good corporate governance using an analysis technique that is regression weight in structural equation modelling used to examine the relationship between the variables. The model for this research is illustrated by the path diagram. It proves that the environment influences the company's financial performance , showing that the better the environmental performance , the respondent will respond positively through the fluctuations in the company's stock price which can improve the company's financial performance . The higher the corporate governance, the higher the corporate performance will be. Corporate Social Responsibility disclosure activities have a significant influence on the company's financial performance . The higher the social
responsibility , the higher the corporate performance SRI - KEHATI . The strength of the theory of organizational legitimacy in the content of corporate social responsibility in developing countries has two elements; first, the capability to place profit maximization motives and second this makes a clearer picture of the company's motivation to increase its social responsibility . © 2018 International Strategic Management Association. All rights reserved.
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Topic:
Prominence percentile: 81.587
Author keywords
Corporate social responsibility Indonesia stock exchange SRI - KEHATI index
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International Journal of Economics and Business Administration Volume 6, Issue 4, 2018, Pages 93-104
Wahyudi, S.a Pangestuti, I.R.D.a Laksana, R.D.b Hersugondoa Robiyantoc
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Anomaly | Calendar anomalies | Effect
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Dept of Economics
Chicago USA
Prof. J-P.
Allegret
U of Nice Sophia Antipolis
Dept of Economics &
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Nice France
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Andreopoulos City University
of New York John Jay
College New York USA
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Andreopoulos William
Paterson U Dept of
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Prof. G.
Antoniou
Montclair State U
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Montclair USA
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Balcerzak Nicolaus
Copernicus U Faculty of
Economics Turin Poland
Prof. B. Batavia De-Paul University of Chicago
Dept of Business &
Finance
Chicago USA
Prof. Emeritus G. Bitros
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Business
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Athens Greece
Prof. T.H.
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New Jersey Institute of Technology
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Newark USA
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Prof. S.K.
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City U of London
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Lanpung Indonesia
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Greece
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International Journal of Economics and Business Administration Volume VI, Issue 4, 2018
pp. 105-118
Takeover Defenses in the United Kingdom
Isidora Tachmatzidi
1Abstract:
The present paper provides a framework of takeover defenses in the United Kingdom and analyzes the role of takeover defenses in the UK that has implemented the EU Takeover Directive in its jurisdiction.
There is an analysis of UK hostile takeovers and takeover defenses regulation, along with the case law that formulated it. There is a presentation of takeover defenses involving frustrating actions, such as restructuring defenses, target repurchases, litigation, as well as defensive actions, including strategies such as the defense document strategy, lobbying, seeking alternative bids, profit forecasts.
The analysis of takeover defenses in cases of hostile takeovers in the UK market aims to enhance the understanding of their application framework and to provide further insight on the way the structure of the economy influences takeover defenses and vice-versa.
It, also, intends to provide feedback for the assessment of economic processes on potential restructuring and normalization in the UK as well as the EU, especially in the light of Brexit that will likely create extensive negotiations on future policy implementation both in the UK and EU.
Keywords: Takeover defenses, hostile takeovers, legal framework, economy structure,
frustrating actions, defensive actions, restructuring, greenmail, litigation, defense document, lobbying, white knight, white squire, profit forecasts, Brexit.
JEL Classification: K20, K22, K23.
1 King’s College London, Law of Laws Master (LLM - International Business Law), e-mail:
[email protected]
Takeover Defenses in the United Kingdom
106
1. Introduction
Takeovers could be divided into two categories; friendly and hostile. In the case of hostile takeovers, the target board employs certain defenses, called takeover defenses, in order to obstruct the hostile takeover that may be implemented either before or after the announcement of the takeover bid.
The analysis of takeover defenses employed in hostile takeovers in the present article will be categorized in frustrating and defensive actions. The former involves acts obtained by the board that result to a material corruption of the decision-making process or to the deprivation of the right of shareholders to decide on the matter (Ogowewo, 1997).
However, there is the ‘no frustration’ rule that prevents the board from acquiring such defenses. The only instance where the board is permitted to use frustrating acts is when the target shareholders or the panel has given its approval for the use of such defenses, meaning that it has rejected the takeover offer (Kraakman, 2009) or when the actions frustrate only the bidder and not the target shareholders. Defensive actions on the other hand, involve acts that board is permitted to employ to influence the target shareholder with the aim to obstruct the takeover bid.
2. UK Takeover Regulation
The European Takeover Directive 2004 (Directive 2004/25/EC), which provides for the regulation of takeovers in the European Union, defines a ‘takeover bid’ as “a public offer…made to the holders of the securities of a company to acquire all or some of those securities…which follows or has as its objective the acquisition of control of the offer company in accordance with national law” (Article 2(1)(a) Takeover Directive 2004).
The 2004 Directive has been implemented in the UK with the UK Takeover Code via the Companies Act 2006. The UK Takeover Code involves the regulation of takeovers, as well as takeover defenses in the UK which are the focus of this paper.
Rule 21.1 of the UK Takeover Code sets the framework for frustrating actions which are taken after the announcement of a takeover offer is made public or when the offer is imminent and are not permitted without the approval of the shareholders. The UK Takeover Code also, regulates defensive actions taken by the board, which can be employed in order to obstruct a takeover bid.
3. Frustrating Actions 3.1. Rule 21 UK takeover code
According to Rule 21.1, the board of directors of the target company is not allowed
without prior shareholder approval to employ defenses that can frustrate the takeover
International Journal of Economics and Business Administration Volume VI, Issue 4, 2018
pp. 76-92
Country Risk on the Bank Borrowing Cost Dispersion Within the Euro Area during the Financial and Debt Crises
George Michalopoulos
1, Konstantinos Tsermenidis
2Abstract:
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of the country risk factors on the dispersion of the cost of bank borrowing within the euro area, during the period of the global financial and Eurozone debt crises.
The main aim is to empirically evaluate the degree to which the cost of borrowing differentials of euro area countries can be explained by changing dispersion in country risk (measured by government bond spreads).
The results using rolling estimations suggest that the impacts of bond yield spreads are not such a significant determinant of the observed dispersion of the cost of borrowing, a dispersion that has been worsen after the outbreak of the global financial crisis and the subsequent euro area debt crisis.
Even in the cases where a significant association is found for some countries, it seems that it is weakening as we move further away from the beginning of the turbulent periods.
Keywords: Country risk, cost dispersion, financial and debt crisis.
JEL Classification codes: E4, G21, E43, F330, F360.
1
Associate Professor, Dept of Accounting & Finance, University of Macedonia, Greece,
[email protected]2
Ph.D. Candidate, Dept of Accounting & Finance, Univ. of Macedonia, Greece,
[email protected]International Journal of Economics and Business Administration Volume VI, Issue 4, 2018
pp. 14-33
Analysis of the Influencing Factors on the Farmers’ Take-up of Greenhouse Agricultural Insurance Cover: A Case Study
Ercan Ozen
1, Simon Grima
2Abstract:
The purpose of this study is to analyse the insurance claims and insurance intentions of the farmers who are engaged in greenhouse cultivation and to determine the influencing factors affecting the insurance process.
Various methods were used in the study since results obtained from one source were deemed insufficient in explaining the insurance behaviours of farmers. These included a survey, interview, document analysis and a literature review. The survey data was analysed using basic statistics and ANOVA.
Findings indicate that that the intention of the farmers to take an greenhouse agricultural insurance coverage is not influenced by factors relating to the experience of previous damages, positivity, reason, and facilitation. However, it is influenced by factors relating to the farmers’ attitude and the obstacles they face.
The most prominent influential factors preventing farmers from purchasing agriculture insurance are physical problems (1) derived from insufficient resources, (2) property and deed-title issues in greenhouse areas and (3) the problems regarding damage payments.
It is emphasised that insurance-related problems can be solved by a macro-scale agricultural reform and communication between the relative parties. These findings can be used as a tool in policy development by farmers, insurance institutions and related government institutions.
Keywords: Agriculture insurance, greenhouse cultivation, farmer.
JEL Codes: G20, Q14, Q12.
1
University of Uşak,department of Banking and Finance, Turkey, [email protected]
2
University of Malta, Head Insurance Department, Faculty of Economics, Management and
Accountancy, corresponding author, [email protected]
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