View of बी.एड विद्यार्थियों को दिये जाने वाले प्रशिक्षण का प्रभाव व पाठ्यक्रम में उसकी उपयोगिता का विषलेषण

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ACCENT JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS ECOLOGY & ENGINEERING

Peer Reviewed and Refereed Journal IMPACT FACTOR: 2.104ISSN: 2456-1037 (INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL) Vol.04,Special Issue 02, 13^th Conference (ICOSD) February 2019, Available Online: www.ajeee.co.in/index.php/AJEEE

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ch-,M fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks fn;s tkus okys izf’k{k.k dk izHkko o ikB~;Øe esa mldh mi;ksfxrk dk fo’kys"k.k foHkk lDlsuk

O;k[;krk ch-,M dkWyst

lkjka’k & lEiw.kZ f”k{kk gh vPNs jk’Vª dk fuekZ.k djrh gSA f”k{kk o f”k{kd gj jk’Vª ds Hkkoh ukxfjdks dks rS;kj djrs gSA Hkkjr esa izfr o’kZ 5 yk[k ls vf/kd fo|kFkhZ ch-,M f”k{kk izkIr djrs gSA fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks Hkkoh f”k{kd cuus ds fy, ch-,M djuk vfuok;Z gSA ch-,M f”k{kk dk ewy mís”; fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ,d xq.kh ,oa lQy f”k{kd cukuk gksrk gSA bl ewy mís”; dh iwfrZ gsrq ch-,M ds ikB~;Øe dh lajpuk dh tkrh gS o le;≤ ij blesa la”kks/ku Hkh fd;k tkrk gSA orZeku esa ikB~;Øe esa dEI;wVj o vU; uohu rdfudks dks “kkfey fd;k x;k gSA ch-,M ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks lQy f”k{kd cukus gsrq Ldwy esa izf”k{k.k ij Hkstk tkrk gSA ch-,M f”k{kk dks fo”ks’k izHkko”kkyh cukus gsrq o lEiw.kZ izf”k{k.k fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks nsus gsrq dbZ iz.kkyh;ksa esa ljdkj }kjk la”kks/ku fd;s x;s gS] ftlds ifj.kke Lo:i ns”k dks csgrj f”k{kd miyC/k gks ldssA ++++++++++++++bl ys[k esa ch-,M fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks fn;s tkus okys izf”k{k.k dk izHkko o ikB~;Øe esa mldh mi;ksfxrk dk fo”ys’k.k fd;k x;k gSA vr% ch-,M ikB~;Øe ,oa mlesa fn;s tkus okys izf”k{k.k dh xq.kork c<kus ds fy, dbZ lq/kkjks dh vko”;drk gSA

fo’ks"k 'kCn% ch-,M] izf”k{k.k] f”k{kk iz.kkfy] rduhdh midj.kA 1-izLrkouk

Hkkjr dh c<+rh tula[;k o ns”k ds lokZfxa.k fodkl ds fy, vPNs f”k{kdkas dh vko”;drk c<+rh tk jgh gSA f”k{kk o f”k{kk in~rh esa fujUrj cnyko gksrk vk jgk gSA ftlds QyLo:Ik fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh vPNh f”k{kk gsrq izf”kf{kr f”k{kdksa dh vko”;drk gSA f”k{kk dks izHkko”kkyh cUkkus gsrq dbZ lkjs vk/kqfud rdfud okys vksMh;ksa&foMh;ksa izLrqrhdj.k ds fy, bLreky fd;s tkrs gSA d{kk esa dEI;wVj ,oa ,ylhMh izkstsDVj }kjk f”k{kk iznku dh tkrh gSA Hkkjr esa f”k{kdkas dks izf”k{k.k iznku djus gsrq ,ulhVhb us ch-,M+ o ch,lVhlh dkslZ cuk;k gSA ;g dkslZ Vhpj Vªsfuax dksystkas ds ek/;e ls fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks izf”kf{kr f”k{kd cuus gsrq rS;kj djrk gSA

2-ch+,M+ ikB~;Øe dk ifjp;

Hkkjr esa Ldwyh f”k{kk dks uohu :Ik nsus gsrq ,ulhVh }kjk ch-,M ikB~;Øe esa dbZ cnyko fd;s gSA ,ulhVh dk ekuuk gS bu cnykoks ls f”k{kd izf”k{k.k esa lq/kkj gksxk vr% ns”k esa lEiw.kZ f”k{kk dk uouhdj.k gkssxkA ch,M dkslZ djus gsrq vc izksQs”kuy f”k{kk izkIr djus ds fy, fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh Hkh blesa ik+=rk Lohdkj dh tk;sxhA ch-,M+ fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh d{kk eass 80 izfr”kr U;wure mifLFkfr gksuk vfuok;Z gSA ch,M dkslZ ds ikB~;Øe dks rhu xzqi eas foHkkftr fd;k x;k gSA ftldks xzqi , xzqi ch xzqi lh dgk tkrk gSA

xzqi&, esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks cqfu;knh f”k{kk]

yZfuax] ,oa Vhphax lekftdrk Ldwy ds okrkoj.k]

Hkkjr esa Ldwyh f”k{kk ,oa mldh pqukSfr;ksa ds ckjs esa fl[kk;k tkrk gSA

xzqi&ch fo’k; Kku ,oa f”k{kk iznku djus dh rdfudks] f”k{kk dk vkadyu ,oa f”k{kd dh ftEesnkjh ds ckjs esa fl[kk;k tkrk gSA

xzqi&lh esa vuqHkoks ds ek/;e f”k{kd dh HkkoukRed o laosnukRed xq.koRrk dks fodlhr fd;k tkrk gSA

QhYM ds lkFk tqM+ko ikB~Øe dk ?kVd gSA bldk eryc gS fd dk;Z~Øe ds lHkh ikB~Øe dks

le; :Ik ls tksM+uk tcfd ;g Hkh gSA Nk= dh O;olkf;d {kerk bZihlh dks c<+kus ds fy, fo”ks’k ikB~Øe “kkfey gSaA f”k{kdksa ds ikB~;Øeksa dks ysu-nsu fofHkUUk n`f’Vdks.kksa dk mi;ksx djds fd;k tkuk gS tSls fd ekeys ,d v?;;u lewg izLrqfr;ksa ifj;kstukvksa fPakaru”khy if=dkvksa ij ppkZ] cPpksa dh fVIif.k;ksa vkSj dbZ lkekftd lkaLd`frd esa leqnk;

ds lkFk ckrphr dj okrkoj.k dk ldkjkRed okrkoj.k rS;kj djuk gSA

ch-,M+ f”k{kk ls fo|kFkhZ dk lokZfxa.k fodkl gksrk gSSA fo|kFkhZ f”k{kk ls tqMh dbZ ckrksa dks fl[kus dk volj feyrk gSA fo|kFkhZ vius pquas gq, ladk; esa ch-,M+ f”k{kk izkIr djrk gSA vr% Lo;a ds pqus gq, {ks=

esa f”k{kk fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks dSls iznku djuh gS bldh fl[k ysrs gSSA fo|kFkhSZ ch,M ds izFke o’kZ esa fofHkUu fo’k;ksa dh tkudkjh izkIr djrs gS] tks fd cM+h egRoiw.kZ gksrh gSA QhYM+ Vªsfuxa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks Ldwy esa tkdj izkIr djus gksrh gSA bl Vªsfuxa dk ewyHkwr mís”; fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks Ldwy ds okrkoj.k ls orkoj.k esa

<+kyuk gksrk gSA ch,M ikB~Øe ds vUrZxr fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks dEI;wVj f”k{kk Hkh iznku dh tkrh gSA fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks dEI;wVj izf”k{k.k Hkh iznku dh tkrh gSSA mUgsa dEI;wVj ij i= fy[kuk ,oa iztuVas”ku rS;kj djuk fl[kk;k tkrk gSSaaA fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks dS”k cqd cukuk Hkh fl[kk;k tkrk gSA fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds lokZfxa.k fodkl ds fy, vksiu ,s;j lS”ku esa dbZ rjg dh xfrfof/k;k Hkh fl[kkbZ tkrh gSA fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks dbZ txg QhYM+

foftV Hkh djkbZ tkrh gSA vr% ch,M dkslZ ds ek/;e ls fo|kfFkZ;ksa dk ekufld]”kkjkfjd vkSj lkekftd :Ik ls fodkl fd;k tkrk gSS ,oa mUgsa Hkkfod f”k{kd cuus gsrq izf”k{k.k fn;k tkrk gSA

ch,M dkslZ ds ek/;e ls izkIr dh xbZ f”k{kk }kjk fo|kFkhZ ,d ftEesnkj f”k{kd :Ik esa fodflr gksrk gS] rr~Ik”pkr~ og ns”k ds cuus okyss Hkkoh ukxfzjdks dks lgh f”k{kk iznku djrk gSA ch,M ikB~;Øe esa Hkkoh f”k{kdksa dks fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh ekufld fLFkfr dks le>us dh fl[k nh tkrh gSA vr% f”k{kk

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2 dks izHkko”kkyh cukus ds fy, dbZ ckrs fl[kkbZ tkrh gSA Hkkoh f”k{kdksa dks ;g crk;k tkrk gS fd mUgsa i<+krs le; ml Hkk’kk dks viukuk pkfg;s ftlds ek/;e ls fo|kFkhZ fl[kkbZ ckkrksa dks lgh :Ik esa le>

ldsA vr%lEiw.kZ d{kk eas cS<+s fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks d{kk esa fl[kkbZ xbZ izR;sd ckr dk Kku gks ldsA ,slk dgh txg ns[kk x;k gS fd fo|kFkhZ ch,M+ ikB~;Øe dks le>us esa vlQy jgrs gSA lgh vFkksZ esa ns[kk tk;s rks f”k{kd gh ns”k ds fuekZ.k esa viuh Hkwfedk vnk djrs gS D;ksfda gj ,d fo|kFkhZ dks ,d lgh f”k{kd dh vko”;drk gksrh gSa] f”k{kd gh vius ekxZn”kZu ds }kjk mls mlds okLrfrd y{; rd igqWpk lds blls ch,M f”k{kk dk dn vkSj Hkh c<+ tkrk gSA fgaUnq iqjk.kksa esa xq: dks bZ”oj ds rqY; crk;k gS bl vFkZ ls xq: dks lnk oUnuh; o iwT;uh; ekuk gSA lfn;ksa ls gekjs lekt esa xq: ds ntsZ dks fo”ks’k egRo fn;k tkrk gS] blfy, ;g ,d lEekfu; dk;Z gSA blfy, bu lc ckrks dks /;ku esa j[krs gq;s vkt ds fo|kFkhZ f”k{kd dk;Z dh vkSj T;knk vxzlj gks jgs gSS vkSj vf/kd ls vf/kd la[;k esa ch-,M+ ikB~;Øe ds ek/;e ls f”k{kk izkIr dj ,d lEekufu; f”k{kd ds :Ik esa ljdkjh o xSj ljdkjh fo|ky;ksa esa v/;kiu dk dk;Z cMh fuiq.krk ds lkFk dj jgsA bl ek/;e ls Hkh ch- ,M f”k{kk dk dn vkSj Hkh c<+ tkrk gSA gekjs lekt esa lgh f”k{kk dks c<kok nsus ds fy, gekjs ns”k dh ljdkj Hkh dkQh Bksl dne mBk jgh gS bl dkj.k ls gh ch,M+ ikB~;Øe dks ,d f”k{kd cuus ds fy, vfuok;Z dj fn;k x;kA ftldk eryc cSpyj vkWQ ,T;qds”ku gksrk gS] ,d le; iwoZ ;g ,d o’kZ dh gksrh FkhA blh ,d o’kZ dh vof/k esa ch-,M ikB~;Øe ds ek/;e ls fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks dbZ rjg dh xfrfof/k;ksa ls mPp xq.kh f”k{kdksa ds }kjk f”k{kk iznku dh tkrh Fkh ftlls mUkesa leLr ekuoh; xq.kks dk fodkl gks ldsA ysfdu orZeku dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, ljdkj us bls ,d o’kZ ls c<+kdj nks o’kZ dj fn;k gS] blds lkFk bl ikB~;Øe dks rdfud iz.kkyh ls tksM+ fn;k x;k gS ftldk mís”; fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks fo|k v/;;u esa rdfudh f”k{kk iznku dj mudks dq”ky vkSj fuiq.k cuk;k tk;A

3-Ldwy baVuZf’ki

izFke o’kZ esa cPpsa] leqnk; vkSj Ldwyksa ds lkFk dqN vuqHko izkIr djus ds ckn] nwljs o’kZ ds :Ik esa Ldwy ds lkFk xgu tqM+ko ds fy, Ldwy baVuZf”Ik djkbZ tkrh gSA igys o’kZ ds }kSjku] Ldyksa dh csgrj le>

dk leFkZu djus ds fy, vkSj baVuZf”ki ds fy, f”k{kk laLFkku izko/kku djrs gSA baVuZf”ki ds }kSjku] ,d Nk=&f”k{kd fu;fer f”k{kd ds :Ik esa dke djrk gS]

vkSj fu;kstu] f”k{k.k vkSj EkwY;kadu lfgr lHkh Ldwy xfrfof/k;ksa esa Hkkx ysa] Ldwy ds f”k{kdksa] leqnk; ds lnL;ksa vkSj cPpksa ds lkFk ckrphr djukA

d{kk esa i<+kus ls igys f”k{kk iz.kkyh le>

ds fy, Ldwy vkSj mldh d{kkvksa dk fujh{k.k djrk gS] Ldyksa dks lexzrk es le>us ds fy,] blds n”kZu vkSj mÌs”;] laxBu vkSj izca/ku] ,d f”k{kd dk thou

cPpksa ds “kkjhfjd] ekufld] HkkoukRed fodkl dh vko”;drk ikB~Øe vkSj mlds ysu&nsu ds igyw f”k{k.k&f”k{k.k dh xq.koRrk] ysu&nsu vkSj ewY;kadu dks le>rk gSA

Ldwy baVuZf”ki dks O;kid n`f’Vdks.kksa] is”ksoj {kerkvksa] f”k{kd izLrkoksa] laosnuf”ky vkSj dkS”ky ds fodkl ds fy, usr`Ro djus ds fy, fMtkbu fd;k x;k gSSA Ldwyksa esa f”k{kkfFkZ;ksa dh fofHkUUk vko”;drkvksa dsk iwjk djus ds fy, Nk= f”k{kd vxzlj gksrs gSA

mUgsa ljdkjh vkSj futh Ldwyksa esa O;ofLFkr Ik;Zos{kh leFkZu vkSj ladk; ls izfrfØ;k ds lkFk Ik<+kus ds volj iznku gksrs gSA Ldwyksa esa baVuZf”ki 15 lIrkg dh U;wure vof/k ds fy, gksrk gSA blesa ,d fu;fer f”k{kd ds lkFk ,d fu;fer d{kk dk voyksdu djus ds fy, ,d lIrkg dk izkjafHkd pj.k

“kkfey gS] vkSj blesa ladk; }kjk lgdehZ voyksdu]

f”k{kd voyksdu vkSj baVuZ ds ikBksa ds voyksdu Hkh

“kkfey gSA

;g egRoiw.kZ gS fd Nk=&f”k{kd baVuZf”ki ds }kSjku vkSj ckn esa vius f”k{k.k vuqHko dks lesfdr vkSj izfrfcafcr djrk gSA baVuZf”ki ds ckn f”k{k.k vuqHko ds fofHkUUk igyqvksa ij foLrkfjr ppkZ vkSj izLrqfr;ksa Hkh nh tkrh gSSA izR;sd Nk=&f”k{kd ds fy,] iwwjs 15 lIrkg ds fy, ,d Ldwy esa baVuZf”ki vf/kekur% vk;ksftr dh tkuh pkfg,A gkyafd] ;fn laLFkku fdlh ljdkjh vkSj futh Ldwy esa Ik<+kus ds lanHkZ ;k izkFkfed vkSj ofj’B ek/;fed Lrj ij f”k{k.k dh xfr”khyrk dks le>us dk volj iznku djuk pkgrk gS] rks bl vof/k dks nks CYkkWdksa esa foHkkftr fd;k tk ldrk gSA baVuZf”ki dks nks Cykdksa esa bl rjg ls O;ofLFkr fd;k tk ldrk gS fd ,d CykWd ds }kSjku ,d fo”ks’k Lrj mnkgj.k ds fy, izkFkfed ;k ofj’B ek/;fed esa ,d Ldwy esa v/;kiu fd;k tkrk gS CykWd fdlh Hkh ifjfLFkfr essa]

Nk=@f”k{kd dks mldh baVuZf”ki vof/k ds }kSjku nks ls vf/kd Ldwyksa esa ugh Hkstk tkrk gSSA baVuZf”ki ,d fuf”pr fMyhojh ds fy, ikB ;kstukvksa dh la[;k de ugha gksuh pkfg,] f”k{kkfFkZ;ksa vkSj Ldwy ds lkFk lkFkZd vkSj lexz tqMko dk y{; gksrk gSA

4- fu"d"kZ ,oa lq>ko

fo|kFkhZ dks f”k{kd cuus ds fy, ch-,M dkslZ djuk vfuok;Z gSA ch-,M ikB~Øe esa leLr vk/kqfud vk;keksa dks lEefyr fd;k x;k gSS] ftlls dh fo|kFkhZ dks ,d lQy f”k{kd ds :Ik esa fodflr djrk gSA ch- ,M dkslZ nks vof/k dk gS] ftlesa dh 45 fnu dh baVuZf”ki c<+h egRoiw.kZ gSA ;g baVuZf”ki fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ftyk f”k{kk vf/kdkjh }kjk ljdkjh Ldwyksa eas vkoaVu dh tkrh gSSaaA bl baVuZf”ki ds vUrxZr fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks Ldwy f”k{kdks }kjk dbZ lkjh ckrs fl[kkbZ tkrh gSA Hkkoh f”k{kd cuus ckys fo|kFkhZ dks ,d Ldwy ds okrkoj.k ls voxr gksrs gS ,oa f”k{kd dh ftEesnkjh;ksa dks le>rs gSA ,d f”k{kd dks d{kk esa fdl :Ik esa izLrqrh nsuh gS ftlls dh fo|kfFkZ;ksa

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3 dks fo’k;Kku izkIr gks ldsA ch-,M dkslZ djus ds ckn fo|kFkhZ ,d izf”kf{kr f”k{kd ekuk tkrk gS] vr%

og fdlh Hkh ljdkjh o xSj ljdkjh fo|ky; esa i<+k ldrk gS] tks vkxs pydj ,e-,M+ ,oa ihpM+h Hkh dj ldrs gSA

vr% ch-,M dkslZ esa nh tkuss okyh f”k{kk dkQh izHkko”kkyh gS ,oa baVuZf”ki }kjk fo|kfFkZ;ksa dk vuqHko c<+rk gS bl baVUkZf”ki dh vof/k dks vkSj c<+kuk pkfg;sA ch-,M dksystks esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fodkl gsrq lsfeukj o odZ”kkWi dk Hkh vk;kstu fd;k tkrk gSA

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72. National Institute of Educational Planning and Administration.

Websites

 www.dget.nic.in/content/innerpage/national-council- on-vocational-training-ncvt.php

 www.apprenticeship.gov.in/mis/

 https://www.quora.com/What-is-NCVT