Utpal Barua (HOD), thank you for the warm welcome and for allowing this program to continue. I want to thank you from the bottom of my heart for the support and for everything you have done for me.
List of Figure Preface
Introduction
Literature Review
Research Questionnaire
The New 3D Printed Products Market
Product Design Methodology for Personal 3D Printers
List of Tables Chapter 2 – Literature Review
Results and Discussions
Nomenclature
Abstract
Preface
An example to mention is the silicon polymeric compound discovered during the war, in a failed experiment to synthesize synthetic rubber, and in post-war times (1949) turned into a popular toy - the 'Silly Putty' (Figure VII.) . The good intention seems to have taken away something else - the importance of the housewife.
INTRODUCTION
Design Methodology for Product Designers in the Context of Personal 3D Printing
- Research Rationale
- Research Motivation
- Research Question
- Research Objectives
- Research Hypotheses
- Research Method
The rationale for the research stems from the fact that the secondary democratic phase has begun. The method of the research (Figure 1.5.) was composed of 5 phases (right margin) representing 4 major research actions (left margin).
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1. 3D Printing
Product Design Methodologies
The general structure of the product development process, or as they called it - the innovation process (Figure 2.2A), shows in. of the process. In part II section number 5, 'Design process structure', Roozenburg and Eekels mention 3 types of design process methodology models.
In relation to the 'problem solving' first model, and according to the mentioned principles presented by De Groot (1969) and Hall (1968), a diagram of the basic design cycle (Figure 2.2E) was presented. This decomposition and then assembly method (Figure 2.2L), is mostly in use for alternative creation, in one of the initial stages in the design process.
Mass Customization
In the summary table (Figure 2.3J), the states represent the factors that mainly categorize the relationship between the producer/producer and the consumer, while the study cases are sorted according to the arrangement shown. Hu presents a diagram (Figure 2.3K) which shows that based on the technological development, e.g. the computer, the Internet and 3DP, the personalization paradigm has the potential to expand the market to the maximum state, compared to the other paradigms. The table (Figure 2.3L) presents a comparative overview of the three paradigms according to four categories: Production Objective, Desired Product Characteristic, Customer Role and Production System.
According to this claim, Kull presents a paradigm for the integration between the consumer, the supplier and the process that connects them (Figure 2.3M). According to Alford et al. Figure 2.3Q shows problems that limit customization, and Figure 2.3R shows the possibilities for mass customization.
User Involvement
However, the involvement of the customers themselves only occurs in the initial phase of the product design process. The approach mainly deals with the conceptual design and requirements analysis phase of product development and focuses on involving users in the early stages of the product design process. Kaulio presents a graph (Figure 2.4A) of all phases of the product development process and where each user involvement method could be implemented.
The table (Figure 2.4B) shows the examples that were presented in the literature sources and combines all the barriers and benefits that arose from the possibility to enable the involvement of the user in the product/service development process. The table (Figure 2.4E) presents the stages of the new product development process and the required actions to be taken at each stage.
RESEARCH
QUESTIONNAIRE
The Rationale
In a general perspective, the three main factors that shape the newborn personal 3D printing market are design source, product, and user. As shown in Figure 3.1A, which represents a simplification of the process that combines these three factors, the design source (independent designer / company / design studio / etc.) uses cyberspace to present the design to potential customers, and if the consumer buys the product, the virtual it moves the design out of cyberspace and into the real world by being produced by a manufacturing source or the user himself. Most references incidentally refer to desktop 3DPs as self-made, and no research examining how potential users perceive desktop personal 3DPs has been found.
The rationale behind the questionnaire stems from the research questions (Q2 and Q2.1), and from research objective number 5. The missing part of the literature review is the 'voice' of the potential user, and therefore the aim of the questionnaire was to examines how ordinary people view desktop personal 3DP.
The Theoretical Basis
Therefore, I had to look for an empirical model that refers to the levels of the customization aspect, and that fits in with Hu's paradigms. The new form of the strategies (Figure 3.2A) had to be reexamined according to the new status of the mentioned phases, which means checking their relevance to the first question, and their alignment with Hu's paradigms. Modulation: The ability to allow the user to perform manipulations on the overall shape of the product/component.
In real life, this capability must be supported by one of the product/component. The essence of the general perception was conceived from the do-it-yourself literature sources together with additional literature review (Paulos, 2009) and from the literature review of the questionnaire's theoretical basis sub-chapter, emphasizing the factors of how much people are 'willing to pay' (Franke and Schreier, 2010), and the user's level of expertise (Randall, Terwiesch, and Ulrich, 2007).
The Design of the Questionnaire
Which type of 3DP do you think (the participant) you will own?
To customize the bike, but that D-Bicycle team will 3D print, assemble and ship it as a final product (Segmented Standardization).
Personal details
- Questionnaire Hypotheses (QH)
Therefore, in addition to understanding the theoretical basis, I decided to add a 'Material' option for most components, to investigate whether there is awareness about the raw material aspect. In addition, I decided to add a list of accessories, just to enhance the feeling of the real store costume that can provide all the components. The list was not included for research purposes and no MCP factors were associated with any of the accessories.
The fourth page (Figure 3.3D), is designed to respond to 'Issue no.3' based on the theoretical basis of the 'General Perception' sub-chapter (p.137). The questionnaire hypotheses arise directly from the expected outcomes, based on the insights of the general theoretical basis of the general research, and from the theoretical basis of the questionnaire.
Since the questionnaire addresses participants who have interest in the offered product, and since the 3D printers are theoretically offered with no required cost, most
Since the questionnaire is aimed at participants who have an interest in the product offered, and since the 3D printers are theoretically offered without required costs, most are.
Participants that will select the option to own 3DP, will prefer to customize the bicycle, according their need
Since most of the people prefer customizable products, even participants that will select not to own 3DP, will prefer to customize the bicycle, according to their
The common consumer is not used to purchase 'open-architecture products'
Female participants will select the 'None' option more than male participants
- Questionnaire Analysis
Relative to this age category, there is a trend of gradual decline in popular interest. Considering all participants (Figure 3.5.1F), ≈87% of participants chose to modify the bicycle (regardless of the 3DPs). Accordingly, the number of participants considered was reduced to 110 (86 men and 24 women).
In general, the option to choose color and graphics in 80% of the components (except in the frame and fork cases) was the least marked option, while the option of shape and the option of dimensions (in relevant components) were the most significant options. Referring to the same age group, the perception of the 3DPs as a smartphone shows an opposite trend.
THE NEW 3D PRINTED PRODUCTS MARKET
General Introduction
As a general background, almost 30 years after the invention of the first 3DP (1984), in about 2010 startup companies, e.g. Computers are generally considered to be the originators of the digital revolution, and the invention of the personal computer along with the Internet further enhanced this revolution and dramatically changed many ways of life in society. Both of these changes resulted from the invention of the personal computer and the desktop printer and had a profound impact on design and the manufacturing process and the workflow in between.
A table presented at the mentioned colloquium discussing the printing industry (Romani, 2004) shows that the distribution of printer uses, (relevant for 2004 - 20 years after the personal desktop printer was introduced to the market) was as follows. : 76.0% of printers (not just desktop types) were kept by certain factories and shops; 19.0% were held from the office; 3.5% from home users; 1.5% described as. The table was divided into three sub-categories representing the main purpose of printers: copiers, printers and printers.
The New Independent (Indie) Market
From the perspective of both users and designers, the level of user involvement in the final design can be more significant, thus increasing the value of the product for each user. The first critical point refers to the design process, which is the unmentioned basis of the process, and the second. The next secondary subchapter will present studies of the design process, and the methodology that will be presented in the final chapter should provide tools for success at the second critical point.
Most of the non-professional software is shareware (free) and can be found widely on the Internet. The process leading to the formulation of the concept and the preliminary design is usually where the CAD software is first needed.
Failure prevention and evaluation features: In order to get a qualitatively definite design, the professional designer / engineer is doing 3 important actions: 1
Technical support and Tutorials: This parameter was examining whether there is an integrated feature that provides technical support and tutorials
Generate suitable file for 3DP: This parameter was examining the possibility to generate a standard suitable file (. stl) for 3DP
Connection to the 3DP: Like the Ctrl+P keyboard shortcut, this parameter was examining the directness of the shift from the CAD software to the 3DP
- The General Market
- Types of products
- Types of Users
- Conclusions
The studio presents some flexible / open architectural jewelry that allows the user / client to participate in determining the final design. Personal adjustment, according to the user's personal taste (color and type of material). Is the design architecture open or closed for user customization.
The second general conclusion, that with regard to the design of the P3DPs, points to a general lack of standardization in the P3DP area. The clear majority of the websites and companies refer to the potential customers as producers and/or users.
PRODUCT DESIGN METHODOLOGY
