View of GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT AND AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA

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ACCENT JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS ECOLOGY & ENGINEERING

Peer Reviewed and Refereed Journal IMPACT FACTOR: 2.104ISSN: 2456-1037 (INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL) Vol.04,Special Issue 02, 13^th Conference (ICOSD) February 2019, Available Online: www.ajeee.co.in/index.php/AJEEE

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GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT AND AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA

Reena Kumari

Assistant Professor, (Department of English), Govt.Girls P G College Baran (Raj.) Abstract - It is saying that, “Indian Agriculture is gambling of monsoon”. This paper provides an over view of climate change and its impact on Indian agriculture.Agriculture contributes about 14% of total GDP. So, it is making India proud in the sector of Agriculture. India is basically an agricultural country and this sector plays vital role in Indian Economy. But throughout the 21^st century India is suffered from climate change.

Rain plays most important role in Indian agriculture. Both kinds of crops like Kharif and Rabi are totally depend on monsoon. And at present monsoon has disturbed badly due to climate change. Climate and Agriculture are interlinked” Further this paper provides an introduction about the terms like Greenhouse effect, Global warming etc. and undertakes a broad survey of the consequences of global warming and its impact on agriculture. It provides an useful reading of Greenhouse gases and their impact on Indian agricultural production. This paper providesa study of crop production and yields in India. The threat of climate change makes the case for the accelerated development of Indian agriculture even more urgent. The paper ends with some comments on Indian agricultural policy in the era of climate change. It provides the impact of climate change on the yield and productivity of several major crops in India. The economic impact of climate change particularly for less- developed countries and especially in sectors like agriculture, is a paramount importance.

Existing estimates of such economic impact however are even more tenuous than that of physical impact. This paper briefly describes and evaluates some prevalent methods of estimating the economic impact of climate change on agriculture.

Keywords- Climate change, Agriculture productivity, Global warming and Greenhouse effect, Soil fertility, Rainfall, Change in water table, Global cooperation

1 INTRODUCTION

India is basically an agricultural country.

In the Indian agriculture monsoon plays an important role. India is a country of villages and depends upon agriculture.

The agriculture sector plays vital role in Indian economy. Agriculture contributes about 14% of total GDP. So, it is making India proud in the sector of Agriculture.

But throughout the 21^st century India is suffered from climate change. Climate and Agriculture are interlinked. And it is saying that, “Indian Agriculture is gambling of monsoon.” Agriculture and climate are deeply related. There is a dependency of Indian agriculture on climate. Throughout the 21^st century India is suffered from climate change such as increasing in temperature and global warming. Due to climate change agricultural production is a challenging issue to all thinkers. How can productivity be increased while ensuring the sustainability of agriculture and environment for future generations?

Decision makers need information supplied by research to make informed choices about new agricultural technologies and to devise and implement policies to enhance food production and sustainability. There is now a great issue

about decline in soil fertility, change in water table, rising salinity, resistance to many pesticides and degradation of irrigation water quality in north west India.

It is clear that over time more nutrients have been removed than added through the fertilizers and the farmers have to apply more fertilizers to get the same yield. It affect the soil conditions and human health also. Changes in temperature would also leads to increased evapotranspiration. Climate change is a burning issue of today’s world. And climate variability and occurance of extreme events are major concerns for the Indian subcontinents. So we should develop such kind of agriculture that can able to sustain in the climate conditions at present.

2 AGRICULTURE VS MONSOON

The south-west monsoon starts in June and lasts till October and causes rains in various parts of the country. This south west monsoon leads Kharif’s crop. Rain plays a vital role in Indian agriculture.

The kharif crop depends chiefly on south west monsoon and the Rabi crop on north east monsoon which blows from

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2 November to May. It brings rain mainly to the peninsular India and here the main crop is Paddy. Disturbance in monsoon due to climate change has adverse effect upon crop production and yields in India.

The threat of climate change makes the case for the accelerated development of Indian agriculture even more urgent. One of the main points of consensus in the literature on climate vulnerability, which is otherwise marked by many divergent results, is that the poor are the most vulnerable to the effects of climate change. The trapping of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is mainly responsible of these dangerous trends of Global warming. They raise the Earth’s temperature which in its turn generates destructive storms,cyclones, droughts, floods, forest, fires, and such other havocs. Widespread human activities such as burning fossil fuels release carbondioxide in the atmosphere in a very huge quantity and result in green house effect. These has been drastic changes in the earth’s climate and weather patterns because of environmental pollution and emission of green house gases. The green house effects contributes to the warming of the earth and rise in its temperature.

Due to alarming climate conditions we have to use green house system for agriculture production. Green house is a glass house in which plants etc. are kept and grown. The solar radiation enters the Green house through its glass covering and is absorbed by plants, vegetables etc.

But the long wave infrared radiation cannot escape back through the glass into the atmosphere and remains trapped.

Consequently the temperature inside the green house rise.The similar effect happens to the earth.

Green house gases are badly responsible in climate change and globalwarming. The green house gases include carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, chlorine, methane and nitrous oxide. In recent years the amount of these gases has increased alarmingly as a result of the widespread burning and combustion of fossil fuels. It is estimated that about 50% of global warming is because of absorption of solar radiation by carbondioxide and the remaining 45%

mainly by methane absorption and by damage to the ozone layer as a result of the release of chloroflorocarbons in the atmosphere.

The green house effect is a process by which thermal radiation from a planetary surface is absorbed by atmospheric green house gases, and is re-radiated in all directions. Since part of this re-radiation is back towards the surface energy is transferred to the surface and the lower atmosphere. As a result the temperature is higher than it would be if direct heating by solar radiation were the only warning mechanism. Due to the climate change our environment and agriculture are in danger. Many species of animals and plants are already extinct and many more on brink of it. The phenomenon knows as

“green house effect” is one of the greatest dangers to our environment. Enormous emission of carbon dioxide has assumed alarming proportions and has assumed alarming proportions and must be addressed immediately. It has also adversely affected the rain fall patterns.as already caused the warming up of the earth’s atmosphere from minus 0.3’C in 1870 to plus 0.3’C in The ever thickening blanket of carbon emissions of one of the greatest dangers to our environment. It h1990.This dangerous phenomenon.

Known as greenhouse effect, has resulted in 30% more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere today than 200 years ago.

3 MEASURES TO REDUCE THE IMPACT OF CURRENT CLIMATE CHANGE

There are several measures to reduce the impact of current climate variability that can help deal with the impact of climate change in the future. Among these measure Biotechnology in agriculture is the most fruitful to increase agricultural production is such alarming climate conditions. The diffusing biotechnology in agricultural production causes improved quality of food. Agricultural biotechnology has numerous benefits they can provide to developing countries and people suffering from climate change, poor agriculture productivity and the resultant hunger and starvation.

Second thing of the development of agro –meteorology with particular attention to the delivery of information in timely accessible and understandable form to the rural population.

. Father increasing emphasis on a proper system of agricultural insurance which deals with not only grass deficiency of rainfall but also take into accounts changes in precipitation and temperature

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3 patterns and pays particular attention to the farm and outcomes of extreme weather and weather –related events.

We should take appropriate measures to improve the irrigation facilities, check the soil degradation, the irrigation facilities, check the soil degradation, and have definite, programme and policy in the sphere of biological production. We need more and more technology in agriculture based on sound and fundamental research of our scientists.

Next is we have to conserve soil and water far agricultural development conservation of the soil and water is essential far survival and continued availability of food-grains. Conservation of soil and water is essential for human survival. Without the conservation of these two natural resources food production cannot be increase nor disaster checked. Already all the available land for agriculture is being exploited and there is not much scope of further expansion.

4 CONCLUSION

Global problems need global cooperation and solutions. The problem of global warming is a world –wide problem and calls for a determined and combined efforts by all the nations of the world. The need of hour is to reduce the emission amount of green house gases so we should preserve our present plantation and grow more and more trees. India has large population of undernourished people and the situation may worsen if appropriate steps are not taken to increase the food production i.e., agricultural production. Beside food production there are other problems like distribution, marketing and storage. The problem of subsidy is also there. There are increased subsidies every year but then they do not reach the poor for whom they are meant. They are grabbed by the rich farmers, middlemen and bureaucrats who hardly need them. Although, the agriculture contributes 14% in the Gross Domestic Production in India, 64% of the population depends on agriculture for their livelihood. Over the years, demand for food production and water increased due to urbanization, increasing population, rapid industrialization and other developmental activities. In India growing population is a major concern. So

there is a argent need for bringing about changes in agricultural production.

REFERENCES

1. Dr. Kishore B.R-Current Essays; .

2. Dr. SolankiDebang – Principles of Environmental Chemistry

3. Gautam H.R, Kumar R, Climate change and its Impact on agricultural productivity in India