ﺖﺑﺎﻗﺭ ﺘﺴﭘ ﻲﺗﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻪ
ﻱ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﻬﺟ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ
ﻱﺩﻮﻤﺤﻣ ﻞﻀﻔﻟﺍﻮﺑﺍ
*
،1
ﻲﻟﻼﺟ ﺮﺤﺳ 2
1 ﺕﺄﻴﻫ. ﺭﻮﻧ ﻡﺎﻴﭘ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﺯﺭﻭﺎﺸﻛ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻩﻭﺮﮔﺭﺎﻳﺩﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ،
A.mahmoodi@pnu.ac.ir
2 ﺭﻮﻧ ﻡﺎﻴﭘ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﺯﺭﻭﺎﺸﻛ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺪﺷﺭﺍ ﻲﺷﺎﻨﺷﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺘﺧﻮﻣﺁ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ. ،
Jalalisahar65@yahoo.com
:ﺖﻓﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ 25
/ 12 / 1394 :ﺵﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ 04
/ 08 / 1394
ﻩﺪﻴﻜﭼ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺭﺩ ،
ﺖﺑﺎﻗﺭ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺘﺴﭘ
ﻪ ﻱ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺐﻴﻗﺭ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ .
ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻦﻳﺪﺑ ،
ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﻲﺗﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﺖﻳﺰﻣ ﺖﻓﺎﻴﻫﺭ
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺎﻫ ﻲﺒـﺴﻧ ﺖﻳﺰﻣ ﻱ
ﻩﺪﺷﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻱﺎﻄﺧ ﺢﻴﺤﺼﺗ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻭ (RCA)
) ﻥﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮـﻗ ﻊﺟﺮﻣ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ (VECM
ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﺪﺒﺳ ﻪـﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻭ ﻲـﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﮔﺍﺪﺟ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺘﻔﻧﺮﻴﻏ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﺪﺒﺳ ﻭ ﻱﺯﺭﻭﺎﺸﻛ ﺕﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ
ﺪﺷ ﻩ ﺍ ﺪﻧ . ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺪﻫﺩ
ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺭﻭﺩ
ﻩ ﻱ 2012 - 1975 ﺖـﻳﺰﻣ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﺘـﺴﭘ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﺭﺩ
ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻱﺯﺭﻭﺎﺸﻛ ﻭ ﻲﺘﻔﻧﺮﻴﻏ ﻱﺎﻫﻻﺎﻛ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭﺩ ﺮﻫ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﻥﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻊﺟﺮﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ،
ـﺒﺗﺭ ﻪ ﻱ
ﻝﻭﺍ- ﮓـﻨﻫ ،ﻪﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ. ﺪﺷﺎﺑﻲﻣ ﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﻲﺗﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﻲﺒﺴﻧﺖﻳﺰﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺎـﻨﺒﻣ ﺮـﺑ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﺒﺗﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﻛ ،ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺖﻳﺰﻣ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺪﻨﻠﻫ ﻭ ﻚﻳﮋﻠﺑ ،ﺎﻜﻳﺮﻣﺁ ﻭ ﺎﻴﻟﺎﺘﻳﺍ ،ﻥﺎﻤﻟﺁ ،ﮓﻨﻛ ﻪﺘـﺴﭘ ﻲﺗﺍﺭﺩﺎـﺻ ﺭﺍﺯﺎـﺑ ﺮـﻴﺧﺍ ﻱﺎﻬﻟﺎـﺳ ﻲﻃ ،ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻑﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻱﺯﺭﻭﺎﺸﻛ ﺕﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ
ﻱ ﻣﺁ ،ﮓﻨﻛ ﮓﻨﻫ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ
ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻱﺪﺟ ﺐﻴﻗﺭ ﻚﻳ ﻥﺎﻤﻟﺁ ﻭ ﻚﻳﮋﻠﺑ ،ﻪﻴﻛﺮﺗ ،ﺎﻜﻳﺮ
ﻦـﻳﺍ ﻲﺗﺍﺭﺩﺎـﺻ ﺖـﻳﺰﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺮﻳﺬـﭘﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﻝﻮـﺼﺤﻣ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎـﺻ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺮـﻳﺍ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﻳﺰﻣ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁﺭﺩ ﺖﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻡﺯﻻ ﺍﺬﻟ .ﺖﺳﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺮـﻈﻧ ﺪـﻳﺪﺠﺗ ﺮـﻣﺍ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﻪـﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﻲﺗﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﻱﺎﻫ
.ﺩﻮﺷ ﺒﻃ ﻪﻘ ﺪﻨﺑ ﻱ :JEL ،N50 ،O57 Q17
ﻩژﺍﻭ ﺎﻫ ﻱﺪﻴﻠﻛ ﻱ :
ﺖﺑﺎﻗﺭ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ ،
ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ، ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻱﺎﻄﺧ ﺢﻴﺤﺼﺗ ﻝﺪﻣ
* - ﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ ﻩ ﻱ ﺴﻣ ﻮﺌ ﻝ
، 09125666289
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻊﻳﺮﺴﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﺶﻘﻧ ،
ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮـﺑ ﻥﺎﻧﺍﺩﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻩﺭﺍﻮﻤﻫ
ﻭﺭﺍﺩﻮﺗ) ،1
1989 ( . ﺪﻨﻨﻛﺭﺩﺎﺻ گﺭﺰﺑ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻩ
ﻱ ﻩﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮﻓ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻲـﺘﻔﻧ ﻱﺎﻫ ،
ﻭ ﻥﻭﺰﻓﺍﺯﻭﺭ ﺭﺎﺸﻓ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻟ ﻲـﻠﻣ ﺮﻳﺎـﺧﺫ ﺖﻳﺩﻭﺪـﺤﻣ ﻭ ﻲـﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﻱﺎﺿﺎﻘﺗ
، ﻉﻮـﺿﻮﻣ ﻦـﻳﺍ
ﻲﻤﻧ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻡﺍﻭﺩ ﻪﺸﻴﻤﻫ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ .
ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﻮـﺸﻛ ﻱﺯﺭﻭﺎـﺸﻛ ﺶـﺨﺑ ﻪـﻜﻧﺁ ﻞـﻴﻟﺩ ﻪﺑ
ﺖﻳﺰﻣ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﺏﺁ ﻉﻮﻨﺗ ﻥﻮﭼ ﻲﻤﻬﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﻳﺍﻮـﻫﻭ
، ﻦﻴـﻣﺯ ﻉﻮـﻨﺗ ،
ﻱﻭﺮـﻴﻧ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺯﺭﺍ ﺭﺎـﻛ ...
ﺖﺳﺍ ، ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺑﺍﻭ ﻢﻛ
ﺮﺗ ﻦﻓ ﻪﺑ ﻱ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺵﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻜﻣﺍ ﻭ ﻩﺪﻴﭽﻴﭘ ﻱﺭﻭﺁ
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ . ﺶﺨﺑ ﺮﺑ ﻪﻴﻜﺗ
ﻲـﻣ ﺶـﺨﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﺵﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻭ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻭ ﻱﺯﺭﻭﺎﺸﻛ ـﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺪـﻧﺍﻮﺗ
ﻪ ﻱ ﻱﺍﺮـﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻲﺒـﺳﺎﻨﻣ
ﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﻢﻫﺍﺮﻓ ﻥﺁ ﻱﺎﻳﺍﺰﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻬﺟ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﻮﻀﺣ .
ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﺯﺎـﺑ ﺮﻳﺩ ﺯﺍ
ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻲﺗﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻱﺯﺭﻭﺎﺸﻛ ﺕﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ
، ﻪـﻣﺮﭘ ﻭ ﻲﻨﻴـﺴﺣ) ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ،
1381 ( .
ﻻﺎﻛ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻢﻬﻣ
ﺮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﺏﻮﺴﺤﻣ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻱﺯﺭﻭﺎﺸﻛ ﻲﺗﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﻱﻻﺎﻛ ﻦﻳ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻱﺯﺭﺍ ﺪﻣﺁﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﺷ
ﻲﻣ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺐﻴﺼﻧ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﺩﻭﺪـﺣ ﻪـﺑ ﻲـﺘﻔﻧﺮﻴﻏ ﻱﺎﻫﻻﺎﻛ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺁ ﻢﻬﺳ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻛ
14
ﻲـﻣ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻙﺮـﻤﮔ ﻪـﻣﺎﻧﺭﺎﻣﺁ) ﺪـﺳﺭ
، 1390 ( . ﻥﺎﻴﻟﺎـﺳ ﻪـﻛ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻱﺩﺎـﻤﺘﻣ
ﻥﺍﺮـﻳﺍ ﻦﻴـﻟﻭﺍ
ﺪﻨﻨﻛﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻩ
ﻱ ﺪﻤﻋ ﻩ ﻱ ﺘﺴﭘ ﻪ ﻱ ﻥﺎﻬﺟ ﺖﺳﺍ ، ﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻱﺭ 60 ﺎﺗ 65 ﺢﻄـﺳ ﻥﺍﺰـﻴﻣ ﺪـﺻﺭﺩ
ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺖﺸﻛﺮﻳﺯ ﺍﺭ
ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻮﺋﺎﻓ) ﺩﺭﺍﺩ
، 2015 ( . ﺖـﺸﻛﺮﻳﺯ ﺢﻄـﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻻﺎـﺑ ﻢﻬﺳ ﻦﻳﺍ
ﻩﺪﺷ ﺐﺒﺳ ﺖﺳﺍ
ﺎﺗ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﺗ
ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺕﻻﺎـﻳﺍ ﻥﻮـﭽﻤﻫ ﻲﻳﺎﻫﺭﻮـﺸﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ
ﻩﺪﺤﺘﻣ ، ﻥﺎﻨﭽﻤﻫ گﺭﺰﺑ
ﺮﺗ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻦﻳ ﻩ
ﻱ ﺪﻧﺎﻤﺑ ﻲﻗﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺴﭘ .
ﭘ ﺪـﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﺘـﺴ
ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ، ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ
6000 ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻦﺗ 1961
ﻪﺑ 472000 ﻦﺗ
ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ 2011 ﻮﺋﺎﻓ) ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻴﺳﺭ ،
2015 ( . ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﺘـﺴﭘ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎـﺻ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ
ﺘـﺴﭘ ﻪ ﻱ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎـﻬﺟ 188576
ﻝﺎـﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻦـﺗ 1995
ﻪـﺑ
293876 ﻝﺎــﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻦــﺗ
2006 ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻴــﺳﺭ ﻮﺋﺎــﻓ)
، 2015 ( . ﺪــﻤﻋ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮــﺸﻛ ﺯﺍ ﻩ
ﻱ
ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻩ ﻱ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﻬﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ
، ﺎﻜﻳﺮﻣﺁ ، ﻪﻴﻛﺮﺗ ، ﻪﻳﺭﻮﺳ ، ﻦﻴﭼ ، ﻥﺎﻧﻮﻳ ، ﺍﺭ ﺎﻴﻟﺎﺘﻳﺍ
ﺩﺮﺑ ﻡﺎﻧ . ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻖﺒﻃ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ، ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ 2007 ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ 230000
ﻦﺗ
ﻢﻬﺳ ﻭ 45 ﻱﺪﺻﺭﺩ ، ﺒﺗﺭ ﻪ ﻱ ﻲﻣ ﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﻬﺟ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻝﻭﺍ ﺎﺑ
ﺪﺷ . ﺭﻮـﺸﻛ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺲـﭘ
ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻜﻳﺮﻣﺁ 108598
ﻭ ﻦﺗ ﻢﻬﺳ 57 / 15 ﺒﺗﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻪ
ﻱ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻡﻭﺩ .
ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ
) ﻪــﻴﻛﺮﺗ 14 (ﺪــﺻﺭﺩ ، ) ﻪﻳﺭﻮــﺳ 10
(ﺪــﺻﺭﺩ ، ) ﻦﻴــﭼ 7 ) ﻥﺎــﻧﻮﻳ ﻭ (ﺪــﺻﺭﺩ 28
/ 7 ﺭﺩ (ﺪــﺻﺭﺩ
ﻪﺒﺗﺭ ﻮﺋﺎﻓ) ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻱﺪﻌﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ،
2015 ( . ﻱﺭﻭﺁﺯﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻝﻮـﺼﺤﻣ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﻩﺎـﮕﻳﺎﺟ ﻪـﺑ ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ ﺎـﺑ
1.Todaro (1989)
ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻲﺘﻔﻧﺮﻴﻏ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻭ
ﺭﺩ ﺐﻴﻗﺭ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻱﺪﻨﻤﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ
ﻥﺁ ﺕﺭﺎﺠﺗ ،
ﺖـﺑﺎﻗﺭ ﺖﻴﻌـﺿﻭ ﻦﻴـﻴﻌﺗ ﻡﻭﺰﻟ ﺘـﺴﭘ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎـﺻ ﻱﺮﻳﺬـﭘ
ﻪ ﻱ ﺎـﺑ ﻞـﺑﺎﻘﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺮـﻳﺍ
ﺪﻨﻨﻛﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻩ
ﻱ ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ،
ﻲﻣ ﻱﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﻭ ﺩﻮﻬﺸﻣ ﺶﻴﭘ ﺯﺍ ﺶﻴﺑ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
. ﻪـﺑ
ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﻦﻴﻤﻫ ،
ﺖﺑﺎﻗﺭ ﻭ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﻳﺰﻣ ﺩﺮﻜﻳﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ
ﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻑﺪﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺘﺳﺩ ﻪ
ﻱ
ﺪﺷ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ .
ﺖﻳﺰﻣ ﻲﻳﻻﺎﻛ ﺭﻭﺪﺻ ﻭ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻚﻳ ﻲﻳﺎﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﻴﺑ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ
ﻥﺍﺯﺭﺍ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﺎـﻬﺟ ﺢﻄـﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺗﻻﺎـﺑ ﺖـﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﻭ ﺮـﺗ
ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻢﻴﻘﻣﺭﻮـﭘ) ،
1386 ( . ﻥﻮﻨﻛﺎـﺗ
ﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪ
ﻱ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻪـﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻥﺎﻬﺟ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﻳﺰﻣ .
ﺭﻮـﻃ ﻪـﺑ
ﻝﺎﺜﻣ ، ﻲﻤﻴﻠﺳ ﻲـﻳﺍﺯﺮﻴﻣ ﻭ ﺮﻓ ﻞـﻴﻠﺧ
) ﻱﺩﺎـﺑﺁ 1381 ( ، ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘـﺳﺍ ﺎـﺑ ﺺﺧﺎـﺷ
ﺎـﻫ ﻱ ﻭRCA
1DRC
، ـﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﻭ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﻳﺰﻣ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻪ ﺍ
ﺪـﻧ . ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺞﻳﺎـﺘﻧ
ﻲـﻣ ﻪﺘـﺴﭘ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎـﺻ ﺭﺩ ﻢـﻫ ﻭ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻢﻫ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﻳﺰﻣ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻛﺎﺣ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ
. ﻭ ﻱﺰـﻳﺰﻋ
) ﻲﻧﺍﺩﺰﻳ 1383 (،
ﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﻳﺰﻣ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﺒﻏﺎﺑ ﻩﺪﻤﻋ ﺕﻻ
ﻩ ﺍ ﻪـﻛ ﺪـﻧ
ﺘﺴﭘ ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﻪ
ﻱ ﺘﺴﭘ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻪ
ﻱ ﺪـﺤﺘﻣ ﺕﻻﺎﻳﺍ ﻥﻮﭼ ﺐﻴﻗﺭ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻩ
ﻱ ﺎـﻜﻳﺮﻣﺁ ،
ﻦﻴﭼ ، ﻳﺎﭘ ﺮﺑ ﺖﻳﺰﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﻳﺰﻣ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﻳﺭﻮﺳ ﻭ ﻪﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﻪ
ﻱ ﺭﺎـﻴﻌﻣ ﻭﺩ ﻭRCA
ﺖﺳﻻﺎﺑRSCA
. ) ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻥﺍﻭﺮﻛﺎﭘ 1390
( ، ﺖﻳﺰﻣ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ
ﻱﺭﺎـﺠﺗ ﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ
ﺘﺴﭘ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﻪ
ﻱ ﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﺐﻴﻗﺭ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻪ ﺍ
ﺪﻧ . ﺯﺍ ﺭﻮـﻈﻨﻣ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺺﺧﺎـﺷ
ﺎـﻫ ﻱ
ﻩﺪﺷﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﻳﺰﻣ ،
ﺖﻳﺰﻣ ﺪﺷﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﻩ
ﻱ ﻥﺭﺎﻘﺘﻣ ، ﻪﺸﻘﻧ ﻭ ﻦﻤﻠﻴﻫ ﻱﺭﺎـﺠﺗ ﻱﺰـﻳﺭ
) ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ (TM
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩ . ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻲﻣ
ﻫﺩ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻲـﻃ ﻥﺍﺮـﻳﺍ ﻪـﻛ ﺪ ﻩ
ﻱ ﺭﺩ ﻲـﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮـﻣ
ﻳﺰﻣ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﺖ
ﻲﻣ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
. ﺺﺧﺎـﺷ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﻭRCA
ﻱﺍﺮـﺑRSCA
ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻦﻳﺍ 94
/ 0 ﻭ 11 / 39 ﺖﺳﺍ . ﻪﺒﺗﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻳﺰﻣ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﺪـﻤﻋ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮـﺸﻛ ﻲﺗﺍﺭﺩﺎـﺻ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ
ﻩ ﻱ
ﺭﺩﺎــﺻ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻩ ﻱ ﺘــﺴﭘ ﻪ ﻱ ﻲــﺘﻔﻧﺮﻴﻏ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎــﺻ ﺱﺎــﺳﺍ ﺮــﺑ ﻥﺎــﻬﺟ ،
ــﺒﺗﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺮــﻳﺍ ﻪ
ﻱ ﻭ ﻝﻭﺍ
ﮓﻨﻫ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﮓﻨﻛ
، ﻪﺒﺗﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻤﻟﺁ ﻭ ﻪﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﺪـﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮـﻗ ﻱﺪﻌﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ
. ﻲﻨﻴـﺴﺣ ﻲـﻌﻴﻓﺭ ﻭ
) 1387 ( ، ﺭﺩ ﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪ ﻱ ﺖﻳﺰﻣ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺩﻮﺑ ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ
ﻩ ، ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎـﺸﻧ ﻩ ﺍ
ﺪـﻧ
ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻪﻛ ،
ﻪﻴﻛﺮﺗ ، ﻭ ﻪﻳﺭﻮﺳ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻤﻟﺁ ﻪﺑ
ﻲﮔﺯﺎﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻪﺘـﺴﭘ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻜﻳﺮﻣﺁ ﻭ ﻦﻴﭼ
ﺖﻳﺰﻣ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ .
) ﻱﺭﺬﻴﭼ ﻭ ﻱﺭﻮﻤﻴﺗﺮﻴﻣﺍ 1386
( ، ﺭﺩ ﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪ ﻱ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺩﻮﺧ
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺑRCA
ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻱﺍﺮ ﻱ
2004 - 1980 ، ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻩ ﺍ
ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧ ﻲﻃ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻂﻘﻓ ﺭﻭﺩ
ﻩ ﻱ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ
ﺖﻳﺰﻣ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻩﺭﺎـﭘ ﻝﺎـﺒﻧﺩ ﻪـﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮـﺑ ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ
ﺯﺍ ﻱﺍ ﺖـﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﺎـﻫ
ﺭﺩ
ﺮﻋ ﺻ ﻪ ﻱ ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﺕﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻭ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ،
ﻪﺘـﺴﭘ ﻱﺍﺮـﺑ ﻲﺗﺍﺭﺩﺎـﺻ ﻱﮋﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺍ ﻚﻳ ﻪﺑ ﻚـﻳﺩﺰﻧ
ﺮـﺗ ﻩﺪـﺷ
ﺖﺳﺍ
، ﻲﻟﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻢﻈﻨـﻣ ﻲﺗﺍﺭﺩﺎـﺻ ﻱﮋﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺍ ﻚﻳ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻜﻳﺮﻣﺁ ﻪﻛ ﻖـﻴﻗﺩ
ﺮـﺗ ﺎـﺒﻗﺭ ﻪـﺑ ﺖﺒـﺴﻧ
1.Domestic Resource Costs
ﻩﺩﻮﺑﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ،
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻪﺑ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻱﺍ 2004
ﺖﻳﺰﻣ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﻪﺘـﺴﭘ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ
ﺖﺳﺍ . ﻲﺳﻭﺎﻛ ﻭ ﻥﺍﻭﺮﻛﺎﭘ ) ﻲﻤﺷﻼﻛ
2011 ( ، ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻢـﺸﭼ ﻥﺍﻮـﻨﻋ ﺎـﺑ ﻱﺍ
ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎـﺻ ﺯﺍﺪـﻧﺍ
ﺘﺴﭘ ﻪ ﻱ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ، ﺎﻜﻳﺮﻣﺁ ﻭ ﻪﻴﻛﺮﺗ ،
ﺖﻴﻌـﺿﻭ ﻲـﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪـﺑ ﺘـﺴﭘ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎـﺻ
ﻪ ﻱ ﺭﻮـﺸﻛ ﻪـﺳ ﻦـﻳﺍ
ﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻪ ﺍ ﺪﻧ . ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ،
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻞـﻛ ﻭ ﻱﺯﺭﻭﺎـﺸﻛ ﺶـﺨﺑ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎـﺻ ﻱﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﺮﺑRCA
ﺵﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘـﺳﺍ ﺎـﺑ ﻭ ﻪﺒـﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻪـﻧﺎﮔﺍﺪﺟ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ
ARIMA
ﻱﺍﺮـﺑ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻩ ﻱ ﻲﻧﺎـﻣﺯ
2013 - 2008 ﺶﻴﭘ ﺪﺷ ﻲﻨﻴﺑ ﻩ ﺍ
ﺪﻧ . ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩ
ﺪﺒـﺳ ﻭﺩ ﺮﻫ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ
ﻲﻳﻻﺎﻛ ، ﺭﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻪـﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻩ
ﻱ ﻲﻧﺎـﻣﺯ 2007 - 1982 ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮـﺑ ﺖـﻳﺰﻣ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ
ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﺖﻳﺰﻣ ﺎﻜﻳﺮﻣﺁ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ .
ﺶﻴﭘ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﺺﺧﺎـﺷ ﻲـﻨﻴﺑ
ﺮـﺑRCA
ﺪﺒـﺳ ﻭﺩ ﺮـﻫ ﻱﺎـﻨﺒﻣ
ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻲﻳﻻﺎﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ
ﺭﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻪـﻛ ﻩ
ﻱ ﻲﻧﺎـﻣﺯ 2013 - 2008 ، ﻲﺗﺍﺭﺩﺎـﺻ ﺖﻴﻌـﺿﻭ ﺘـﺴﭘ
ﻪ ﻱ
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﺎﻜﻳﺮﻣﺁ ،
ﺶﻴﭘ ﺮﻳﺩﺎﻘﻣ ﺎﻣﺍ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻲﻨﻴﺑ
ﺶﻫﺎـﻛ ﻝﺎـﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻪـﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺮـﻳﺍRCA
ﺖﺳﺍ . ﻦﻤﻴـﺳ ﻭ ﻻﻮﻜﺗﻭﺍ )1
2004 (،
ﺖـﻳﺰﻣ ﻲـﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪـﺑ ﺖـﺑﺎﻗﺭ ﻭ ﻲﺒـﺴﻧ
ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎـﺻ ﻱﺮﻳﺬـﭘ
ﺶﺨﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻳﺩﺎﺤﺗﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱ ﻪ
ﻱ ﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﺎﭘﻭﺭﺍ ﻪ ﺍ
ﺪـﻧ . ﺎـﺳﻻﺎﺑ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ
ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﻳﺰﻣ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩ
. ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻲﻣ
ﻫﺩ ﻡﻭﺍﺪـﻣ ﻑﺮـﺼﻣ ﺮـﮔﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺪ
ﻫﻻﺎﻛ ﺪﻨﻛ ﺖﻓﺮﺸﻴﭘ ﺎﭘﻭﺭﺍ ﻪﻳﺩﺎﺤﺗﺍ ﻭ ﻪﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺎ ،
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺮﺛﺍ ﺖﻳﺰﻣ ﻱﻭﺭ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ ﺖﺑﺎﻗﺭ ﻭ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ
-
ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ .
ﻥﻮﺳﺭﻻ )2
1998 (،
ﺭﺩ ﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪ ﻱ ﻥﻮﻣﺍﺮﻴﭘ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ
ﺎﻫ ﺖﻳﺰﻣ ﻱ -
ﻲﻠﭽﻴﻣ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ،3
ﺮﺋﻮﻜﺳﺍﺎﻛ
، ﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩ
ﺺﺧﺎـﺷ ﻪـﻛ
RSCA
ﺖﻳﺰﻣ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻲﻣ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﺍﻭﻮﻧﺎـﻳﺭﻮﺑ )4
2010 (،
ﻲﺘﺑﺎـﻗﺭ ﺪـﻧﻭﺭ ﻲـﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪـﺑ
ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﺎﭘﻭﺭﺍ ﻪﻳﺩﺎﺤﺗﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻦﺘﺳﻮﻴﭘ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻚﭼ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻲﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﺕﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﺠﺗ .
ﻱﻭ
ﺯﺍ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ
ﺎﻫ ﺖﻳﺰﻣ ﻱ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ
ﺎـﺳﻻﺎﺑ ﺺﺧﺎـﺷ)5
ﻲـﻠﻴﭽﻴﻣ ﻭ (6
،7
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺍﺭ ﺕﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﻲﺗﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﻳﺰﻣ .
ﺖـﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻳﺩﺎﻘﻣ ﻩﺪـﻣﺁ
ﺯﺍ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺎﻫ ﻲﻃ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﻳﺰﻣ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺭﻭﺩ
ﻩ ﻱ 2008 - 2004 ﻲـﻣ ﻥﺎـﺸﻧ ﺍﺭ ـﻫﺩ
ﺪ . ﻭ ﻦﻳﺮـﺳ
ﻥﺍﻮﻴﺳ )8
2008 (،
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﻪﺳ ﻲﺗﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﻳﺰﻣ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻱ
) ﻪﺟﻮﮔ
ﻲﮕﻧﺮﻓ ، ﺏﺁ ﻪـﺳ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺖـﻳﺰﻣ ﺕﺍﺮـﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻭ ﻪـﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻪـﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﺭﻮـﺸﻛ ﺭﺩ (ﻥﻮﺘﻳﺯ ﻦﻏﻭﺭ ﻭ ﻩﻮﻴﻣ
ﻩﺯﺎـﺑ ﻲﻃ ﺍﺭ ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﻲﻧﺎـﻣﺯ ﻱ
2005 - 1995 ﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮـﻗ ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ ﺩﺭﻮـﻣ ﺎـﭘﻭﺭﺍ ﺭﺍﺯﺎـﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻩ ﺍ
ﺪـﻧ .
1.Utku Utkulu & Dilek Seymen (2004) 2.Keld Laursen (1998)
3.Michaely Index 4.Burianová (2010)
5.Revealed ComparativeAdvantage (RCA) 6.Balassa indicator
7.Michaely index (MI) 8. Serin & Civan (2008).
ﺖﺑﺎﻗﺭ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻪـﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﺭﻮـﺸﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺁ ﺵﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻭ ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ
، ﺺﺧﺎـﺷ ﻭﺩ ﺯﺍ
) ( RCA
ﻲﺗﺍﺭﺩﺎـﺻ ﻲﺒـﺴﻧ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻭ )1
( CEP
ﺪـﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘـﺳﺍ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻩ
. ﻥﺎـﺸﻧ ﺞﻳﺎـﺘﻧ
ﻲﻣ ﻫﺩ ﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻪﻛ ﺪ ﻪ
ﻱ ﻩﻮـﻴﻣ ﺏﺁ ﻭ ﻥﻮـﺘﻳﺯ ﻦﻏﻭﺭ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ ،
ﻲﺒـﺴﻧ ﺖـﻳﺰﻣ ﺯﺍ
ﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﺎﭘﻭﺭﺍ ﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻳﻻﺎﺑ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ
ﺎـﭘﻭﺭﺍ ﻲـﮕﻧﺮﻓ ﻪـﺟﻮﮔ ﺭﺍﺯﺎـﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲـﺘﻳﺰﻣ ﻦﻴـﻨﭼ ﺪـﻗﺎﻓ ﻭ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻞﻴﻋﺎﻤﺳﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻣﺍ )2
2009 (،
ﻭ ﻩﻮـﻴﻣ ﻝﻮـﺼﺤﻣ ﻩﺩﺰﻴـﺳ ﻱﺭﺎـﺠﺗ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ
ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺘﻌﻨﺻ ﺕﺎﺠﻳﺰﺒﺳ
ﻦﻴـﭙﻴﻠﻴﻓ) ،
ﻱﺰﻧﻭﺪـﻧﺍ ،
ﻱﺎـﻨﺒﻣ ﺮـﺑ ﻭ (ﺪـﻨﻠﻳﺎﺗ ﻭ ﺭﻮﭘﺎﮕﻨـﺳ
ﺖﻳﺰﻣ ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﻩﺪﺷ
، ﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻪ ﺍ ﺪﻧ . ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻲﻣ
ﺩ ﻫ ﺪ ﻪﻛ ﺭﻮـﺸﻛ
ﻲﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﻡﺍﺩﺎﺑ) ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺞﻨﭘ ﺭﺩ ﺭﻮﭘﺎﮕﻨﺳ ،
ﻕﺪﻨﻓ ، ﻮﻟﺁ ، ﻪﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻴﭙﻴﻠﻴﻓ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ؛(ﻭﺩﺮﮔ ﻭ ﻮﻟﺁﺩﺭﺯ
ﻩﺪﺷ ﻅﻮﻔﺤﻣ ﺎﻳ ﻩﺩﺎﻣﺁ ﻲﮕﻧﺮﻓ ﻪﺟﻮﮔ) ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻣ ،
؛(ﺱﻼﻴـﮔ ﻭ ﻪﻜﺗ ﻪﻜﺗ ﺎﻳ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﻲﮕﻧﺮﻓ ﻪﺟﻮﮔ
ﺮﺗ ﻪـﺑ ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺰﻟﺎﻣ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻠﻳﺎﺗ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺏﺁ ؛ﺕﺎﺠﻳﺰﺒـﺳ ﻭ ﻩﻮـﻴﻣ ﺏﺁ ﻭ ﺕﺎـﺒﻛﺮﻣ) ﺐـﻴﺗ
(ﺐﻴﺳ ﻭ ﻲﮕﻧﺮﻓ ﻪﺟﻮﮔ ﻭ
ﺖـﻳﺰﻣ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﻚﻳ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺰﻧﻭﺪﻧﺍ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻲـﻣ ﻲﺒـﺴﻧ
ﺪﻨـﺷﺎﺑ .
ﺖﻳﺰﻣ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺏﺁ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ
ﻩﺯﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺐﻴﺳ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯ ﻱ
2006 - 2000 ﻭ ﻲـﺸﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺪـﻧﻭﺭ ﻚﻳ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻪﺟﻮﮔ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻥﺎﺳﻮﻧ ﻥﻭﺪﺑ ﻲﮕﻧﺮﻓ .
ﻥﺍﺭﺎـﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻝﺎـﭘﻮﮔ )3
2009 (،
ﻞـﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻪـﺑ
ﺶﻴـﻓ ﻦﻴـﻓ ﻲﻫﺎﻣ ﻲﺗﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻲـﻃ ﻥﺎﺘـﺳﻭﺪﻨﻫ4
ﺭﻭﺩ ﻩ ﻱ 05 - 2001 ـﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻪ ﺪـﻧﺍ .
ﺖﻳﺰﻣ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻲﺗﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺪﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩ . ﺞﻳﺎـﺘﻧ
ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻲﻣ ﺩ ﻫ ﻲﻳﺎـﻳﺭﺩ ﺕﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻫﺎﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻨﻫ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻪﻛ ﺪ
ﺖﻳﺰﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﮔﺮﻫ ﺪﻗﺎﻓ ﺳﺍ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ
ﺖ . ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻭ ﻻﺎـﺑ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﺎـﺑ ﺶﻴﻓ ﻦﻴﻓ ﻲﻫﺎﻣ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﺮﺑ ﺪﻴﻛﺄﺗ
ﺩﻭﺰﻓﺍ ﻩ ﻱ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺩﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ .
ﺖﺳﻮﺟ ﻭ ﻮﻟﻮﺷﻮﻛﺎﻣ )5
2006 (،
ﺭﺩ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻱﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ
ﺖﻳﺰﻣ ﺕﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﻲﻏﺎﺑ
ﺭﺩ ﻱﺎﻘﻳﺮﻓﺁ ﻲﺑﻮﻨﺟ ﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻪ ﺍ ﺪﻧ . ﺭﺩ ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺕﻻﻮـﺼﺤﻣ
ﺱﻼﻴﮔ ، ﺐﻴﺳ ﻭ ﻮﻠﻫ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺯﺍ
ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺩ
، 6
ﺖﻳﺰﻣ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﻦـﻳﺍ
ﺕﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ
ﺪﺷ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩ . ﻪﺑ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻲﻠﻣﺍﻮـﻋ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﺳﻮﻧ ﺮـﻴﻈﻧ
ﺥﺮـﻧ ﺯﺭﺍ ﻭ
ﺖﻤﻴﻗ ﺎﻫ ، ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﺖﻴﺳﺎﺴﺣ ﺰﻴﻧ
ﺥﺮﻧ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺯﺭﺍ
ﻭ ﺖﻤﻴﻗ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻪ . ﺞﻳﺎـﺘﻧ ﻪـﺑ ﺖـﺳﺩ
ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻲﻣ
ﺩ ﻫ ﻦﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺪ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﻢﻛ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﺕﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ،
ـﻨﻣﺍﺩ ﻪ ﻱ
ﻮﻠﻫ ﻭ ﺐﻴﺳ ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﻭﺩ ﻩﻮﻛ ،
ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﺮﭘ ﻭ ﻚﻨﻴﺳ ﻪﻧﺎﺧﺩﻭﺭ ﻑﺍﺮﻃﺍ ﻲﺿﺍﺭﺍ ،
ﺐﻴـﺳ ﻝﻮـﺼﺤﻣ
1. Comparative Export Performace 2. Emmy & Ismail (2009) 3.Gopal & et, al (2009) 4.Finfish
5.Makosholo & Jooste (2006) 6.Domestic Resources Cost (DRC)
ﺖﻳﺰﻣ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ
. ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ﮓﻧژ )1
2012 ( ، ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ
ﻱﺎـﺿﺎﻘﺗ ﺮﺑ
ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﺘﺴﭘ
ﻪ ﻱ ﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﺎﻜﻳﺮﻣﺁ ﻪ ﺍ
ﺪـﻧ . ﺭﻮـﻈﻨﻣ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﻱﺍﺮـﺑ ،
ﻪـﺑ ﻁﻮـﺑﺮﻣ ﺕﺎـﻋﻼﻃﺍ 21
ﺭﺍﺯﺎـﺑ
ﺪﻨﻨﻛﺩﺭﺍﻭ ﻩ
ﻱ ﻴﻤﺠﺗ ﺎﻜﻳﺮﻣﺁ ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﻥﺁ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺕﺍﺩﺭﺍﻭ ﻱﺎﺿﺎﻘﺗ ﻊﺑﺎﺗ ﻭ ﻊ
ﺪـﺷ ﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮـﺑ ﺎـﻫ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻩ
.
ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺩﻮـﺧ ﻢﻬﺳ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻜﻳﺮﻣﺁ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ
ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻴﺑ
ﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻠﻠ ، ﻱژﻮﻟﻮﻨﻜﺗ ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﻛ ﺪﻨﻣﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺪﻨﻣﺩﻮﺳ ﻱﺎﻫ
. ﺮـﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﻦﻴـﻨﭽﻤﻫ
ﺭﺩ ﺖﻴﻘﻓﻮﻣ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻱﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﻱﮋﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺍ
ﺎﻫ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﻱ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﺵﺭﺎﻔﺳ ﻦﻴﻧﺍﻮﻗ ﺖﻳﺎﻋﺭ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻉﻮﻨﺗ ﻭ ﻲﻳﺍﺬﻏ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﻲﻨﻤﻳﺍ .
ﻱﺮﮕــﺴﻋ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻴﺋﺎﻘــﺳ )2
2013 ( ، ﻪــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎــﺼﺤﻧﺍ ﺭﺍﺯﺎــﺑ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎــﺳ ﻲﺑﺎــﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻪــﺑ ﻱﺍ
ﺒﻧﺎﺟﺪﻨﭼ ﻪ ﻱ ﺕﺍﺩﺭﺍﻭ ﺘﺴﭘ ﻪ ﻱ ـﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﺎـﻜﻳﺮﻣﺁ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺮـﻳﺍ ﺭﻮـﺸﻛ ﻭﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻦﭘﺍژ ﻪ ﺍ
ﺪـﻧ . ﻦـﻳﺍ ﻱﺍﺮـﺑ
ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ، ﻭﺩ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺭﺍﻭ ﻱﺎﺿﺎﻘﺗ ﻊﺑﺍﻮﺗ ﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﺭﺎـﻣﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮـﺑ ﻦﭘﺍژ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ
ﻩ ﻱ
ﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻤﻨﺘﺳﺍﺭ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪ
ﻱ ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻭﺩ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩ
. ﻥﺩﻮـﺑ ﺮﺒﻫﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻛﺎﺣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
گﺮﺒﻠﻛﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻱﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻜﻳﺮﻣﺁ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ3
.
ﻚﺷﺍ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺏﺍﺮﺗ )4
2013 ( ، ﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪ ﻱ ﻦﻴﺴﻛﻮﺗﻼﻓﺁ ﺕﺍﺮﻄﺧ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺩﻮﺧ
ﺭﺩ ﻲﻳﺍﺬﻏ ﻲﻨﻤﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻴﺴﻛﻮﺗﻼﻓﺁ ﺘﺴﭘ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ
ﻪ ﻱ ـﻳﺩﺎﺤﺗﺍ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮـﺸﻛ ﻪـﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻪ
ﻱ ﺎـﭘﻭﺭﺍ ،
ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻭ ﻞﻧﺎﭘ ﻝﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻴﻟﺍﺮﺘﺳﺍ ﻭ ﻦﭘﺍژ ﻝﺎﺳ
ﺎﻫ ﻱ 2006 - 1997 ﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻪ ﺍ ﺪﻧ . ﺞﻳﺎـﺘﻧ
ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻲﻣ ﺩ ﻫ ﻦﻴـﺴﻛﻮﺗﻼﻓﺁ ﻱﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻳﺍﺬﻏ ﻲﻨﻤﻳﺍ ﻙﻮﺷ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺪ ،
ﻭ ﻲـﻔﻨﻣ ﺮـﺛﺍ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﺮﺑ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ ﺘﺴﭘ
ﻪ ﻱ ـﺷﺍﺩ ﺎﻫﺭﻮـﺸﻛ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﻪـﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻪﺘ
. ﺎﺘـﺳﺍﺭ ﻦﻴـﻤﻫ ﺭﺩ ،
ﻲﺗﺍﺭﺩﺎـﺻ ﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻢﻬﺳ ﻆﻔﺣ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺩﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ ﺘـﺴﭘ
ﻪ ﻱ
ﻥﺎﻬﺟ ، ﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻚﻳ ﻪﺑ ﻪ
ﻱ ـﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻭ ﻑﺎﻔﺷ ﻪ
ﻱ ﺪـﻴﻟﻮﺗ ، ﻲـﺳﺎﺳﺍ ﻝﻮـﺻﺍ ﻭ ﻲﺑﺎـﻳﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﺪﻨﻣﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺖﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﻭ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ .
ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺭﺩ ،
ﻭ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻝﻮـﺼﺤﻣ ﻚﻳ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﺴﭘ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ
ﺪﻤﻋ ﻩ ﻱ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻲﺗﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ ،
ﻪﺘـﺴﭘ ﺖﻴﻌـﺿﻭ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺖـﻳﺰﻣ ﺮـﻈﻧ ﻪـﻄﻘﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺍﺮـﻳﺍ ﻱ
ﻲﺒـﺴﻧ
ﺖﺑﺎﻗﺭ ﺕﺭﺪﻗ ﺕﺪﻣﺪﻨﻠﺑ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻭ ﻲﺗﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﺭﺩﺎـﺻ ﻩﺪـﻤﻋ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮـﺸﻛ ﺎـﺑ ﻥﺁ ﻱﺮﻳﺬـﭘ
ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻩ ﻱ
ﺘﺴﭘ ﻪ ﻱ ﻪﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻥﺎﻬﺟ
،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﺮـﻛﺫ ﺕﺎـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻑﻼﺧﺮـﺑ ﺎﻣﺍ
، ﺖـﻳﺰﻣ ﻪـﻛ ﻲﺒـﺴﻧ
ﺭﺩ ﻲﺗﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﻪﺒـﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻲـﺘﻔﻧ ﻱﺎﻫﺪﻣﺁﺭﺩ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ
ﺖـﺳﺍ ، ﺶﻫﻭﮋـﭘ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ
ﺍﺪـﺟ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺯﺭﻭﺎﺸﻛ ﺕﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﻞﻛ ﻭ ﻲﺘﻔﻧﺮﻴﻏ ﻱﺎﻫﺪﻣﺁﺭﺩ ﺕﺎﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻱﺎﻨﺒﻣ
1.Zheng et al, (2012) 2.Asgari and Saghaian (2013) 3.Stackelberg
4.Ashktorab et al, (2013)
ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
، ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻱﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺮﻳﺯ ،
ﻞﻣﺎـﺷ ﻲﺗﺍﺭﺩﺎـﺻ ﻱﺎﻫﺪـﻣﺁﺭﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻌﻴـﺳﻭ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻪﻛ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﺘﻔﻧ ﻱﺎﻫﺪﻣﺁﺭﺩ ،
ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺕﺎﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻥﺩﺭﻭﺁ
ﺧﺎـﺷ ﺺ ﺎـﻫ ﻱﺍﺮـﺑ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﺮـﻛﺫ ﻱ
ﻭ ﻲﺘﻔﻧﺮﻴﻏ ﻱﺎﻫﻻﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ
ﺹﻮﺼﺧ ﻱﻻﺎـﻛ ﻚﻳ
ﻭ ﻲـﺘﻔﻧ) ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎـﺻ ﻞـﻛ ﺱﺎـﺳﺍ ﺮـﺑ ﻱﺯﺭﻭﺎـﺸﻛ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺖﻴﻌﻗﺍﻭ ﺯﺍ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﻜﻤﻣ (ﻲﺘﻔﻧﺮﻴﻏ .
ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ،
ﺭﻮـﻃ ﻪﺑ
ﻲﻣ ﻝﺎﺜﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪ ﻱ ) ﻲـﻧﺍﺩﺰﻳ ﻭ ﻱﺰﻳﺰﻋ 1383
( ، ) ﻱﺭﺬـﻴﭼ ﻭ ﻱﺭﻮـﻤﻴﺗﺮﻴﻣﺍ 1386
( ،
ﻲﻤﻴﻠﺳ ﻭ ﺮﻓ ﻲﻳﺍﺯﺮﻴﻣ ﻞﻴﻠﺧ ) ﻱﺩﺎﺑﺁ 1381 ﻪـﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﺎـﻬﻧﺁ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ (
ﺪﺷ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩ ، ﺩﺮﻛ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ
، ﺩﻮـﺧ ﺕﺎﺒـﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﺘﻔﻧﺮﻴﻏ ﻭ ﻲﺘﻔﻧ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﻉﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻪﻛ
ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺪﻧﺍ
. ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ،
ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﺘﺴﭘ
ﻪ ﻱ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ،
ﻪـﻴﻛﺮﺗ ، ﺪـﻨﻠﻫ ،
ﻥﺎﻤﻟﺁ ، ﺎﻴﻟﺎﺘﻳﺍ ، ﮓﻨﻫ ﮓﻨﻛ ، ﻭ ﺎﻜﻳﺮﻣﺁ ﺪﻨﻨﻛﺭﺩﺎـﺻ ﻲﻠـﺻﺍ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻚﻳﮋﻠﺑ
ﻩ ﻱ ﻦـﻳﺍ
ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯ ﻱ
2012 - 1975 ﻪـﻣﺎﻧﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺯﺭﻭﺎـﺸﻛ ﺭﺎـﺑﺭﺍﻮﺧ ﺖﻳﺎـﺳ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﺝﺍﺮﺨﺘﺳﺍ (ﻮﺋﺎﻓ) ﺪﺤﺘﻣ ﻞﻠﻣ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺷ
ﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻭ ﻩﺪ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪ
.
ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺖﻳﺰﻣ ﻩﺩﺎﺳ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ) ﻩﺪﺷﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ
ﺮـﻧﺰﻳﻻ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺭﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﻟﻭﺍ (RCA
)1
1958 ﻪـﺑ (
ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻪ ﻱ 1 ﺪﺷ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩ :
) 1 (
nj ij
X RCA X
ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ،
ﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧX
ﻩ ﻱ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ ، ﻻﺎﻛj
، ﻭ ﻲـﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﻮﺸﻛi
ـﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣn
ﻪ ﻱﺍ
(ﺎﭘﻭﺭﺍ ﻪﻳﺩﺎﺤﺗﺍ ﻞﺜﻣ) ﺖﺳﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺯﺍ .
ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ،
ﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻪ ﻱ 2 ﺖﻳﺰﻣ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺒـﺴﻧ
) ﺎﺳﻻﺎﺑ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ 1965
ﺪﺷ ﻲﻓﺮﻌﻣ ( ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩ
:
) 2
(
it nt
nj ij nt nj it ij
X X X X X X X RCA X
ﺭﺩ ﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻪ ﻱ 2 ، ﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧX
ﻩ ﻱ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎـﺻ ،
ﻲـﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮـﻣ ﺭﻮـﺸﻛ i
، ﺩﺭﻮـﻣ ﻱﻻﺎـﻛj
ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ، ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣt
ﻭ ﺎﻫﻻﺎﻛ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺍ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ n
ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻩﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﺖﺳﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺍ
. ﺮـﮔﺍ
RCA>1
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ، ﻲﻣ ﻪﺘﻔﮔ ﺖﻳﺰﻣ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ﻭ ﻻﺎﻛ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﺷ
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ .
ﺎـﺳﺎﺳﺍ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻳﺍ
ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﻛ ﻲﺘﻗﻭ ﺎﺻﻮﺼﺨﻣ ﺕﺍﺩﺭﺍﻭ ﻥﺩﻮﺒﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻪ
ﺪﻧﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻩ ﻱ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ،
ﻲﻣ ﻱﻭﺎﻨﻳﺮﮔ) ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
ﺮﻨﻠﻴﻣ ﻭ 19932
( . ﺖﻳﺰﻣ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺭﺩ ﺖـﻳﺰﻣ ﻭ ﻩﺪـﺷﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁ ﻲﺒـﺴﻧ
ﻲﺒـﺴﻧ
1.Liesner (1958)
2.Greenaway & Milner (1993)
ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺳﻻﺎﺑ ﻥﺭﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁ
، ﻩﺩﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻥﻮﻨﻛﺎﺗ ﻪﻛ ﻱﺍ
ﻪﺑ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺎﻛ
ﺶﻴﭘ ﻭ ﻲﻣﻼﺳ) ﺖﺳﺍ ﺭﺎﻬﺑ
، 1380 ( . ﻲﻣ ﻝﺎﺜﻣ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻮـﻨﻴﻛﺁ ﺕﺎـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪـﺑ ﻥﺍﻮـﺗ
)1
1981 ( ،
ﻭﺪﻴﻧﻮﻳ )2
1986 ( ، ﻥﻭ ﺖﺴﻟﺎﻫ ﻥﺍﺭﺎـﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ )3
1991 ( ، ﻢﻴـﻟ )4
1997 ( ، ﻭ ﻱﺰـﻳﺰﻋ) ﺩﺮـﻛ ﻩﺭﺎـﺷﺍ
ﻲﻧﺍﺩﺰﻳ ، 1383 ( . ﻪـﻳﺎﭘ ﻲﻳﻮـﮕﻟﺍ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺕﺎـﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻥﺁ ﻖـﺒﻃ ﻪـﻛ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﻱﺰـﻳﺭ
ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺮﻫ ﻱﺭﺎﺠﺗ ،
ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﻬﺟ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺁ ﻲﺘﺑﺎﻗﺭ ﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﻳﺎﻤﻧ .
ـﺷ ﺖـﻳﺰﻣ ﺺﺧﺎ
ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﻄﺑﺍﺭ
ﻪ ﻱ 3 :ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ
) 3
¦¦ (
awt iwt
ajt ijt
ij X X
X RCA X
ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻲـﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣﺭﻮـﺸﻛ i
، ﻲـﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮـﻣ ﻱﻻﺎـﻛj
، ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎـﺻX
، ﻱﺎـﻫﻻﺎﻛa
ﻭ ﻲـﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮـﻣ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻲﺘﻔﻧﺮﻴﻏ ﺎﻳ ﻱﺯﺭﻭﺎﺸﻛ ﺎـﻳ ﻱﺯﺭﻭﺎـﺸﻛ ﺕﻻﻮـﺼﺤﻣ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎـﺻ ﻞـﻛw
ﻭ ﻥﺎﻬﺟ ﻲﺘﻔﻧﺮﻴﻏ ﻲﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻝﺎﺳt
ﺎﺳﻻﺎﺑ) ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ،
1965 ( . ﻦـﻳﺍ ﻱﺩﺪـﻋ ﺭﺍﺪـﻘﻣ ﻪـﭽﻧﺎﻨﭼ
ﻲﻳﺎﻫﻻﺎﻛ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ گﺭﺰﺑ
ﺮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﻪﺘﻔﮔ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻚﻳ ﺯﺍ ﺭﻮـﺸﻛ ﻪـﻛ ﺩﻮـﺷ
ﺖﻳﺰﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫﻻﺎﻛ ﻥﺁ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ
. ﺭﺍﺪـﻘﻣ ﻪـﭼ ﺮـﻫ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ
ﻕﻮﻓ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ گﺭﺰﺑ
ﺮﺗ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
، ﺖﻳﺰﻣ ﻭ ﺖﻳﻮﻟﻭﺍ ﻣ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻫﻻﺎﻛ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ
ﻥﺎـﺸﻧ ﺮـﻈﻧ ﺩﺭﻮ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﻫﺩ . ﻞﺑﺎﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ ،
ﺎﻫﻻﺎﻛ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻕﻮﻓ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻪﭽﻧﺎﻨﭼ ﻢﻛ
ﺮﺗ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ ﻚﻳ ﺯﺍ ،
ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ
ﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪ
ﻱ ﺖـﻳﺰﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺎـﻫﻻﺎﻛ ﻉﻮـﻧ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮـﺧﺮﺑ ﻲﺒـﺴﻧ
ﻲﻤﻧ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻦﻤﻠﻴﻫ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ )5
1980 ( ، ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻲـﺼﺧﺎﺷ ﺭﻮﻛﺬـﻣ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ
ﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻪ
ﻱ ﺖﻳﺰﻣ ﺖـﺴﻴﻧ ﻲﻳﻻﺎﻛ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ .
ﺲﺘـﻳ )6
1985 (،
ﻱﺪﻫﺍﻮـﺷ ﻪـﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﺎـﺑ
ﻲﺗﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻲﺑﺮﺠﺗ
، ﺎـﻳ ﻲـﺒﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﺺﺧﺎـﺷ ﻚـﻳ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ
ﺖﻳﺰﻣ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻱﺩﺪﻋ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﺗﺎـﻧ ﺎﻫﺭﻮـﺸﻛ ﺭﺎﻜـﺷﺁ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ
. ﻦﻤﻠﻴـﻫ
، ﺭﺩ
ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩ
ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﻤﻴﻗ
ﺎﻫ ﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺶﻴﭘ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﻱ ﻪـﻜﻨﻳﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺕ
ﺭﻮﺸﻛ j
ﻱﻻﺎﻛ ﺭﺩ i
ﺖﻳﺰﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ،
ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻓﺎﻛ ﻭ ﻡﺯﻻ ﻁﺮﺷ ـﻄﺑﺍﺭ
ﻪ ﻱ
4 ﻲﺤﺘﻓ) ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺭﺍﺮﻗﺮﺑ ،
1381 ( .
) 4 (
X ) ( X X ) X X ( X
Tw iw Tj
ij iw
ii !
1
1
1.Aquino (1981) 2.Unido (1986)
3.Noe van hulst & et al. (1991) 4. Lim (1997)
5.Hillman (1980) 6.Yeats (1985)
ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻦﻤﻠﻴﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻄﺑﺍﺭ
ﻪ ﻱ 5 :ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ
) 5 (
1 1
1 !
¸¸¹·
¨¨©§
Tw iw Tj
ij iw
ij
X X X
/ X X ) ( X HI
ﻕﻮﻓ ﻂﺑﺍﻭﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻻﺎﻛ ﻉﻮﻧi
، ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﻮﺸﻛj
، ﻞﻛ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﻳﺎﻤﻧT
، ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎـﺻ ﻞﻛW
ﻭ ﻥﺎـﻬﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻲـﺘﻔﻧﺮﻴﻏ ﺎـﻳ ﻱﺯﺭﻭﺎـﺸﻛ ﺕﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎـﺻX
. ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻴـﺴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻪـﺘﺒﻟﺍ
ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
ﻪ ﻱ ﻲﻤﻴﻠﺳ ﻲـﻳﺍﺯﺮﻴﻣ ﻭ ﺮﻓ ﻞـﻴﻠﺧ
) ﻱﺩﺎـﺑﺁ 1381 ( ، ﻭ ﻲﻨﻴـﺴﺣ
) ﻲﻌﻴﻓﺭ 1387 ( ، ) ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻱﺮﺒﻛﺍ 1387
( ، ) ﻲـﻧﺍﺩﺰﻳ ﻭ ﻱﺰـﻳﺰﻋ 1383
ﻱﺭﺍﺮـﻗﺮﺑ ﻁﺮـﺷ (
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻤﻠﻴﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺸﻧ ﺖﻳﺎﻋﺭRCA
. ﻪـﻛ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﺢﻴـﺿﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻡﺯﻻ
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺐﻳﺎﻌﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ
، RCA
ﻨﻣﺍﺩ ﻪ ﻱ ﻲـﻣ ﻥﺁ ﺩﺎـﻳﺯ ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻪـﺑ ﺮـﺠﻨﻣ ﻪـﻛ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ
ﺟﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺕﺪﺷ ﻥﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺁ ﻲﻳﺎﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻪ
ﻱ ﺖـﻳﺰﻣ ﻡﺪـﻋ ﺎـﻳ ﻲﺒـﺴﻧ ﺖـﻳﺰﻣ
ﻲﻣ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﻮﺷ
ﺩ . ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻲﻠﻴﺳﺍﺮﺑ )1
2000 ( ، ﻞﻜﺷ ﻱﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺭﻮﻛﺬﻣ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺍﺭ
ﺎﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ
ﺖﻳﺰﻣ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁ )2
(RSCA
ﻪﺑ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻪ ﻱ ﺖﻳﺰﻣ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﺩﺮـﻛ ﻲﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﻩ ﺍ
ﺪـﻧ . ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ
ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻥﺩﺮﻛ ﻑﺮﻃﺮﺑ
ﻪﻨﻣﺍﺩ ﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻞﻜﺸﻣ ﺩﺮﻛ ﺩﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ
ﻩ ﺍ ﻪـﻛ ﺪﻧ ﻲـﻣ ﻥﺍﻮـﺗ
ﺖﺧﺍﻮﻨﻜﻳ ﻞﻳﺪﺒﺗ ﻚﻳ ﺎﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻕﻮﻓ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ
، ﻞﻳﺪـﺒﺗ ﻝﺎﻣﺮﻧ ﺎﻳ ﻭ ﻪﻨﻳﺮﻗ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺮـﻛ
ﺩ . ﻱﺍﺮـﺑ
ﺖﻳﺰﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﻪـﻨﻳﺮﻗ ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ
ﻪـﺑ ﺕﺭﻮـﺻ ﺍﺭﺑ ـﻄ ﻪ ﻱ 6 ﻒـﻳﺮﻌﺗ
ﻲﻣ :ﺩﻮﺷ
) 6
1 (
1 RCA SRCA RCA
ﻪﻜﻨﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻲﺑ ﻭ ﺮﻔﺻ ﻦﻴﺑRCA
ﻲـﻣ ﺖـﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ
، ﻩﺪﻫﺎـﺸﻣ ﺕﺭﻮـﺻ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ
ﻲﻣ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻞﻳﺪﻌﺗ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻪﻨﻣﺍﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻦﻴـﺑ ﻕﻮـﻓ ﻪـﻨﻳﺮﻗ ﻭ
1 - ﻭ 1 ﻲـﻣ + ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ
،
ﻪﭼ ﺮﻫ ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﺩﺪﻋ ﻪﺑSRCA
1 ﻚﻳﺩﺰﻧ ﺖـﻳﺰﻣ ﺕﺭﻮـﺻ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺮﺗ ﺮﺘـﺸﻴﺑ ﻲﺒـﺴﻧ
ﻲﻣ ﺩﺪﻋ ﺖﻤﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻔﺻ ﺯﺍ ﻪﭼ ﺮﻫ ﺽﻮﻋ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ 1
- ﻞﻴﻣ ـﻨﻛ ﻲـﻣ ﻩﺎـﮕﻧﺁ ﺪ ﻪـﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻥﺍﻮـﺗ
ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﺸﺗ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﻳﺰﻣ ﻡﺪﻋ ﻪﻛ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ .
ﻥﺎـﻣﺯ ﻲـﻃ ﺭﺩ ﺺﺧﺎـﺷ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﻲﺸﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺪﻧﻭﺭ
ﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻩ
ﻱ ﺭﺩ ﺹﺎـﺧ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻚﻳ ﺎﻳ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻬﺟ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻻﺎﻛ ﻚﻳ ﻲﺘﺑﺎﻗﺭ ﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ
ﺖﺻﺮﻓ ﻱﺎﺘﺳﺍﺭ ﺖﺻﺮﻓ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﻳ ﻭ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺎﻫ ﻲﻣ ﻲﻘﻠﺗ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺶﻴﭘ ﻱ ﺩﻮﺷ
.
ﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻪ
ﻱ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺮـﻈﻧ ﺩﺭﻮـﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮـﺸﻛ RCA
، ﺩﻮـﺟﻭ ﻲـﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪـﺑ ﻡﺍﺪـﻗﺍ
ﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻪ ﻱ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺕﺪﻣﺪﻨﻠﺑ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ
ﺎﻫ ﺪﺷ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩ . ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻦﻳﺪﺑ ،
ﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ـﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﻲـﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪـﺑ ﻪ
ﻱ
ﻲﻳﺎﺘﺴﻳﺍ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺎﻫ ﻲﻣ ﻪﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﺩﻮﺷ
. ﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﺖﻴﻫﺎﻣ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ ﻪ
ﻱ ﻢﻫ ﻲﮕﺘﺷﺎﺒﻧﺍ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ
ﺎﻫ ، ﻭﺩ
1. Brasili et, al (2000)
2.Revealed Comparative Advantage
ﻥﺎﻜﻣﺍ ﻲﻠﻛ ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ﺪﻨـﺷﺎﺑ ﺎﺘـﺴﻳﺍ ﺢﻄـﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺺﺧﺎـﺷ ﻭﺩ ﺮـﻫ ﻪﻜﻨﻳﺍ ﺖﺴﺨﻧ :ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﻳﺬﭘ
. ﻡﻭﺩ
ﻪـﻜﻨﻳﺍ ﻡﻮﺳ ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ﻭ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻚﻳ ﻪﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻪﺘﺷﺎﺒﻧﺍ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻭﺩ ﻪﻜﻨﻳﺍ ـﺟﺭﺩ
ﻪ ﻱ ﻭﺩ ﻲﮕﺘـﺷﺎﺒﻧﺍ
ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
. ﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻪﺘﺷﺎﺒﻧﺍ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻭﺩ ﺮﻫ ﻪﻛ ﻲﺗﺭﻮﺻ ﺭﺩ ﻪ
ﻱ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻝﻭﺍ ،
ﻥﺎﻜﻣﺍ
ﻚﻳ ﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻄﺑﺍﺭ
ﻪ ﻱ ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺕﺪﻣﺪﻨﻠﺑ ،
ﻚﻳ ﺮﮔﺍ ﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻪ ﻱ ﻪـﻓﺮﻃ ﻭﺩ ﻲﻠﻋ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺭﺍﺮﻗﺮﺑ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻭﺩ ﻦﻴﺑ .
ﺯﺍ ﺲـﭘ ﻭ ﺎـﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻦﻴـﺑ ﺕﺪـﻣﺪﻨﻠﺑ ﻁﺎـﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻲـﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ
ﻦﻴـﻴﻌﺗ ﻭ ﻕﻮـﻓ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ،
ﺭﺩ ﺮﺜﻛﺍﺪـﺣ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﺖـﺳ
ﻦـﺴﻧﺎﻫﻮﺟ ﻲﻳﺎـﻤﻧ ﺱﻮﻴﻠـﺳﻮﺟ–
ﻪﺑ ﻢﻫ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻲـﻣ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘـﺳﺍ ﻲﮕﺘـﺷﺎﺒﻧﺍ
ﺩﻮـﺷ . ﻥﻮـﺴﻧﺎﻫﻮﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻱﻭﺮـﻴﭘ ﺎـﺑ )1
1998 ﻭ (
ﻥﻮﺴﻧﺎﻫﻮﺟ -
ﺱﻮﻠﻴﺳﻮﺟ )2
1990 ( ، ﻦﻴـﺑ ﺕﺪـﻣﺪﻨﻠﺑ ﻁﺎـﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮـﺑ ﻭ ﻲﻳﺎـﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ
ﻢﻫ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻲﮕﺘﺷﺎﺒﻧﺍ
، ﻝﺪـﻣ ﻚـﻳ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺪـﺘﺑﺍ ﻪـﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﺕﺭﻮـﺻ ﻪـﺑ ﻩﺩﺎـﺳVAR
ﻱ 7
ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻲﻣ ﺩﻮﺷ :
) 7
¦ H (
k
i
t i t i
t c A x
x
1
ﻝﺪﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ
t ، ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺎﺘﺴﻳﺍ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ x ﺟﺭﺩ
ﻪ ﻱ ) 1 ( ﻲﻣI
ﺪـﻳﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
ﻱﺍﺮﮕﻤﻫ ﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻚﻳ ﺎﺑ ﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻚﻳ ﻪﻛ E
1 3u ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ، ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻊﻤﺠﻤﻫ .
ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ Ai
ﻚـﻳ
ﺲﻳﺮﺗﺎــﻣ 3
3u ﻭ ﻝﺪــﻣ ﻱﺎــﻫﺮﺘﻣﺍﺭﺎﭘ ﺯﺍ Ht
ﺭﺍﺩﺮــﺑ ﻚــﻳ ﺰــﻴﻧ 1
3u ﻝﺪــﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺪﻧﺎﻤــﺴﭘ ﺯﺍ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﺎـﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻦﻴـﺑ ﻲﻌﻤﺠﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺕﺪﻣﺪﻨﻠﺑ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻡﺯﻻ ﻁﺮﺷ ،
ﻥﺩﻮـﺑ ﺮـﺑﺍﺮﺑ
ﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﻪ ﻱ ﺖﺳﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻲﻳﺎﺘﺴﻳﺍ .
ـﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﻲـﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺭﻮـﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪ
ﻱ ﺯﺍ ﺰـﻴﻧ ﻝﺪـﻣ ﻱﺎـﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻲﻳﺎـﻧﺎﻣ
ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺎﻫ ﻱ
3ADF
4PP ﻭ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﻮﺷ
. ﻱﺎـﻳﻮﭘ ﺕﻼﻳﺪـﻌﺗ ﺩﻮـﺟﻭ ﻲـﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺭﻮـﻈﻨﻣ ﻪـﺑ
ﺕﺪﻣﺪﻨﻠﺑ ،
ﻲﻣ ﻩﺎﺗﻮﻛ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻚﻳ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﺕﺪﻣ
ﺕﻼﻳﺪﺒﺗ ﻱﺮﺴﻜﻳ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻭVAR
ﺮـﻛ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺩ
.
ﺕﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻚﻳ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻦﻳﺪﺑ
1
xt
ﻦﻴﻓﺮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻄﺑﺍﺭ
ﻪ ﻱ 7 ﻲﻣ ﻪﻓﺎﺿﺍ ﻮﺷ
:ﺩ
t t k t k t t
k t k
t t
t t
t k t k t
t t
t t
k t k t
t
x A ...
x I A A x
I A c
x A
...
x A x
I A x
I A x
I A c
x A ...
x A x
I A x
I A
x I A c x
A ...
x I A c x
H
' '
H
H
H
'
2 2
1 1 1
2 2 2 1
2 1
1 1
2 2 2 1
2 1
1 1
1 1
) 8 (
1.Johanson, 1998.
2.Johanson & josilous, 1990.
3.Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) 4.Phillips-Perron (PP)
ﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻪ ﻱ 8 ﻲﻣ ﺍﺭ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺻﻼﺧ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻄﺑﺍﺭ
ﻪ ﻱ 9 :ﺖﺷﻮﻧ
) 9
¦*' : H (
' 1
1 k
i
t k t i t i
t c x x
x
ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻪ ﻱ 9:
¸¸¹·
¨¨©§ :
¸¸¹·
¨¨©§
*
¦
¦
k i
i k i
i i
A I
A I
1 1 1
ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ، ﺯﺍ ﻱﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻲﻠﻛ ﻡﺮﻓ ﻄﺑﺍﺭ
ﻪ ﻱ 8 ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻄﺑﺍﺭ
ﻪ ﻱ 10 ﻲﻣ :ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
) 10 (
¦* ' : H
' 1
1 1
k i
t t i
* t i
t c x x
x
¸¸¹·
¨¨©§ :
¸¸¹·
¨¨©§
*
¦
¦
1 1 1
1 1
k i
i k i
i
* i
A I
A
ﺲﻳﺮﺗﺎﻣ ﻂﺑﺍﻭﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ :
ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻻﻮﻤﻌﻣ Ec
D ﺲﻳﺮﺗﺎـﻣ ﻚـﻳ ﻪـﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ :
r nu
ﻲــﻣ ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ . ﻭ ﻝﺪــﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮــﺟﻮﻣ ﻱﺎــﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺩﺍﺪــﻌﺗn
ﻭ ﻲــﻌﻤﺠﻤﻫ ﻂــﺑﺍﻭﺭ ﺩﺍﺪــﻌﺗr
ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ '
ﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﻞﺿﺎﻔﺗ ﻪ
ﻱ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺍﺭ ﺮﮕﻠﻤﻋ ﻝﻭﺍ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻭﺩﺍﺮﮕﻧﻮﻛ) ﺪﻫﺩ
،1
2010 ( .
ﻪﺘﺷﺎﺒﻧﺍ ﻢﻫ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻭﺩ ﻡﺎﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛ
ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻭ ﺲﻳﺮﺗ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻪﺸﻳﺭ ﺮﺜﻛﺍﺪﺣ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺺﺨﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ
. ﻦﻳﺍ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺎﻫ ﻂـﺑﺍﻭﺭ ﺕﺭﻮـﺻ ﻪـﺑ 11
ﻭ 12 ﻒـﻳﺮﻌﺗ
ﻩﺪﺷ ﻥﺍﺮﺗ ﻭ ﻒﻳﺮﺷ) ﺪﻧﺍ ،2
2007 :(
) 11
¦ O (
OTrace(r) T in r 1Ln(1 ˆ1)
) 12
) (
( ˆ Ln T
) r , r
( ni r r
max ¦ O
O 1 1 1 1
ــﻛ ﻪ ˆi
ﻥﺎــﺸﻧ O ﻪــﺸﻳﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪــﺷ ﻩﺩﺯ ﻦﻴــﻤﺨﺗ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻩﺪــﻨﻫﺩ ﺺﺨــﺸﻣ ﻱﺎــﻫ
، ﺩﺍﺪــﻌﺗT
ﻭ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺕﺍﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻪﺘـﺷﺎﺒﻧﺍ ﻢﻫ ﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗr
ﻲـﻣ ﺰﻳﺎـﻤﺘﻣ ﻩﺪـﻨﻨﻛ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ
. ﻥﻮـﻣﺯﺁ ﺭﺩ
1.Congregado & et. Al, 2010.
2. Shareef & Tran, 2007.
Trace
، ﺮﺜﻛﺍﺪﺣ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﻔﺻ ﺽﺮﻓ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻪﺘﺷﺎﺒﻧﺍ ﻢﻫ ﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑr
. ﺽﺮـﻓ ﻦﻳﺍ
ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻱﺎﻫﻮﻴﺗﺎﻧﺮﺘﻟﺁ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺮﺑ .
ﺮﺜﻛﺍﺪـﺣ ﻥﻮـﻣﺯﺁ ﺭﺩ ﺐـﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻦﻴـﻤﻫ ﻪـﺑ
ﻪﺸﻳﺭ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ،
) ﺮﻔﺻ ﺽﺮﻓ ) ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺽﺮﻓ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺮﺑ (r=0
ﻪـﺑ ﻭ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ (r=1
ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻦﻴﻤﻫ ،
ﻲﻣ ) ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ
H0: r=1
) ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺮﺑ (
H1: r=2
ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺮﺧﺁ ﻲﻟﺍ ﻭ ( ﺍﺭ ﺪـﻧﻭﺭ
ﺗ ﺩﻮـﺟﻭ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺘﺷﺎﺒﻧﺍ ﻢﻫ ﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺎﺗ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻪﻣﺍﺩﺍ ﺄ
ﺪـﻴﻳ ﻮـﺷ ﺩ . ﻪـﺻﻼﺧ ﺭﻮـﻃ ﻪـﺑ ،
ﺭﺩ
ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ
ﺎﻫ ﺘـﺴﭘ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎـﺻ ﻱﺍﺮـﺑ ﻒـﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱ ﻪ
ﻱ ﻦﺘﻓﺮـﮔ ﺮـﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺎـﺑ ﻥﺍﺮـﻳﺍ
ﻪﺑ ﻲﺘﻔﻧﺮﻴﻏ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻱﺯﺭﻭﺎﺸﻛ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﺩﺭﻮـﻣ ﻭ ﻪﺒـﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻪـﻧﺎﮔﺍﺪﺟ ﺭﻮﻃ
ﻲﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﺩﺮﻴﮔ
. ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ
ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻭRCA
ﻭ ﺕﺎـﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻪـﺑ ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ ﺎـﺑRSCA
ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﻳﺰﻣ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ،
ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻩ
. ﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻪـﻣﺍﺩ
ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺢﻴﺿﻮﺗ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﭘ ﻪﻛ ﻲﺠﻨﺳ
، ﺕﺭﺪﻗ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺕﺪﻣﺪﻨﻠﺑ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ
ﺖﺑﺎﻗﺭ ﺘﺴﭘ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻪ
ﻱ ﺭﺩﺎـﺻ ﻲﻠـﺻﺍ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ
ﻩ ﻱ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻝﻮـﺼﺤﻣ
ﻲﻧﺎﻬﺟ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ،
ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻭ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻲﻣ
ﺩﺮﻴﮔ .
ﺚﺤﺑ ﻭ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮﺑ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛRCA
ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻩ ﻱ ﺘﺴﭘ ﻪ ﻱ ﻥﺎـﻬﺟ ، ﻡﺯﻻ ﺍﺪـﺘﺑﺍ
ﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻁﺮﺷ ﺶﻴﭘ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻦﻤﻠﻴﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺎﺗ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪ
ﻱ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ، ﻲـﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻮـﺷ ﺩ . ﺺﺧﺎـﺷ
ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ HI
، ﻡﺎﻤﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻩ ﻱ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪـﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﻁﺮـﺷ ﻪـﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ
ﻲﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗﺮﺑ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﻳﺰﻣ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺕﺎﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ
. ﺺﺧﺎـﺷ ﻲـﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻞـﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﻳﺎـﺘﻧ
) ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺯﺭﻭﺎﺸﻛ ﻱﻻﺎﻛ ﺪﺒﺳ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑRCA
1 ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ( .
ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺞﻳﺎـﺘﻧ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ
ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ، ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍRCA
ﺭﻭﺩ ﻩ ﻱ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ 44
/ 348 ﻲﻣ ﻲﻛﺎﺣ ﻪﻛ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺯﺍ ﺖﻳﺰﻣ
ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﺘﺴﭘ
ﻪ ﻱ ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻲﻣﺎـﻤﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺮـﻳﺍ ﻝﺎـﺳ
ﺎـﻫ ﻱ 2012 -
1975 ﻲﻣ ﺖﻳﺰﻣ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
ﺪـﻨﻫﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻩ
ﻱ ﻲﺘﺑﺎـﻗﺭ ﺕﺭﺪـﻗ
ﻱﻻﺎﻛ ﺪﺒﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﻻﺎﺑ ﻢﻬﺳ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻬﺟ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﻻﺎﺑ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻱﺯﺭﻭﺎﺸﻛ ﻲﺗﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ .
ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻝﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻳﺍ
1980 ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻲﺗﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﺖﻳﺰﻣ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺘﺴﭘ
ﻪ ﻱ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﻪـﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ
ﺪﻨﻠﻫ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ،
ﻥﺎﻤﻟﺁ ، ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺯﺭﻭﺎﺸﻛ ﻱﻻﺎﻛ ﺪﺒﺳ ﻦﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺎﺑ ﻚﻳﮋﻠﺑ ﻭ ﺎﻜﻳﺮﻣﺁ
ﻊﺟﺮﻣ ، ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﻳﺰﻣ ﺪﻗﺎﻓ .
ﺭﺩ ﺎﻜﻳﺮﻣﺁ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﻪﺘﺒﻟﺍ ﻝﺎـﺳ
ﺎـﻫ ﺩﻮـﺒﻬﺑ ﺮـﻴﺧﺍ ﻱ
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﻳﺰﻣ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻭ ﺪﻫﺩ
. ﻥﺎـﻤﻟﺁ ﺭﻮـﺸﻛ ﻦﻴـﻨﭽﻤﻫ
ﺯﺍ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻝﺎﺳ
ﺎﻫ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﻳﺰﻣ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺮﻴﺧﺍ ﻱ ،
ﺕﺎﺒﺛ ﻚﻳ ﺪﻗﺎﻓ ﺪﻧﻭﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺎﻣﺍ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻥﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮـﻗ ﻊـﺟﺮﻣ ﺱﺎـﺳﺍﺮﺑ ﺎﻴﻟﺎﺘﻳﺍ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻲﺗﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﻳﺰﻣ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ
