ﺖﺴﻳﺯ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻲﺸﺨﺑ ﻪﺳ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ :ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻕﺮﺑ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ﻲﻄﻴﺤﻣ
ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻲﺸﺷﻮﭘ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﺖﻓﺎﻴﻫﺭ ﻪﻜﺒﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻱﺍ
ﻲﻤﻣ ﺏﺎﻴﺳ
*ﺭﻮﭘ
1
1 ،
ﻒﺠﻧ ﻡﺎﻨﻬﺑ
2ﻩﺩﺍﺯ
1 ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻩﺪﻜﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺭﺎﻳﺩﺎﺘﺳﺍ . ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ،ﻲﻣﺯﺭﺍﻮﺧ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،
، s.mamipoor@khu.ac.ir
2 . ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻲﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ ﻪﺘﺷﺭ ،ﺪﺷﺭﺍ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
– ﻩﺪﻜﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ
ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ،ﻲﻣﺯﺭﺍﻮﺧ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ،
behnamnajafzadeh@gmail.com
:ﺖﻓﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ 30
/ 11 / 1395 :ﺵﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ 05
/ 10 / 1396
ﻩﺪﻴﻜﭼ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻱ
ﺯﺎـﻴﻧ ﻱﺩﺎـﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻨﻓ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﺮﺑ ﻩﻭﻼﻋ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻕﺮﺑ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ﻩﺩﺮﺘﺴﮔ
ﻩﺪﻨﻳﻻﺁ ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﺍ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻄﻴﺤﻣ ﺖﺴﻳﺯ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﻠﺗ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﻭ ﺎﻫ
ﻩﺩﺎﺘﺳ ﺭﻮﻀﺣ ﻩﺩﺎﺘﺳ ﺭﺎﻨﻛ ﺭﺩ ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣﺎﻧ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﺶﻘﻧ ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛ
ﺖﻌﻨـﺻ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺍ
ﺖﻓﺎﻴﻫﺭ .ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﻕﺮﺑ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻲﺸﺷﻮﭘ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ
) ﺎﻫ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎـﻛ ﻲﺑﺎـﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺩﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ (DEA
ﻲﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻕﺮﺑ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ﻝﺪﻣ ﺭﺩ .ﺩﺮﻴﮔ
ﻱﺎـﻫ ﻲﺘﻨـﺳDEA
، ﻱﺎﻫﺪـﺣﺍﻭ ﻲﺒـﺴﻧ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎـﻛ
ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻩﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔ ﻲﻣ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻲﺟﻭﺮﺧ ﻭ ﻱﺩﻭﺭﻭ ﺪﻨﭼ
ﻮﺷ ﺩ،
ﻝﺪﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ گﺭﺰﺑ ﺐﻴﻋ ﺎﻣﺍ ﺎـﻫ
ﻱﺎﻫﺪﻧﻮﻴﭘ ﺎﻳ ﻲﻧﻭﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻩﺪﻳﺩﺎﻧ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ
ﻱﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﺎﻳ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻚﻳ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻝﺪﻣ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﻜﺒﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺮـﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺍﺰـﺟﺍ ﻦﻴـﺑ ﻲﮕﺘـﺴﺑﺍﻭ ،گﺭﺰـﺑ ﺐﻴﻋ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻥﺩﺮﻛ ﻑﺮﻃﺮﺑ ﻦﻤﺿ ﻱﺍ
ﻲﻣ ﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮﺑ ﻱﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺖﻗﺩ ﺎﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛﺎﻧ ﻭ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻝﺪـﻣ ﺐـﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘـﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ .ﺪﻨﻨﻛ
ﻲﻋﺎﻌﺷﺮﻴﻏ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺸﺨﺑ ﻪﺳ ﻪﻜﺒﺷ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻭ SBM
ﺖﺴﻳﺯ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻲﻄﻴﺤﻣ
15 ﻕﺮـﺑ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ
ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻩﺯﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻱﺍ ﻱ
ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯ 1393 - 1389 ﻪـﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺭﻮـﺸﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻕﺮـﺑ ﻪﻜﺒﺷ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ
ﻕﺮـﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﺪـﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻕﺮـﺑ ﻪﻄـﺳﺍﻭ ﻭﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘـﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﻭ ﻝﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ،ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺮﺳ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻭ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻪﺘﺴﺑﺍﻭ ﻢﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻞﻘﺘﻨﻣ ﻥﺁ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻕﺮﺑ ﻱﺮﺳﺍ
ﻌﺗ ﺎـﻫ ﻲـﻣ ﻦﻴـﻴ ﻮـﺷ
ﺞﻳﺎـﺘﻧ .ﺩ
ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻲـﻣ ﺮـﺛﺍ ﻞـﻛ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎـﻛ ﺮﺑ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻭﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ
ﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺬـﮔ
ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﺕﺍﺮﻤﻧ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ
ﺎﻫ ﻲـﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻲﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻦﻳﺮﺗﻻﺎـﺑ ﻥﺎﺘـﺳﺯﻮﺧ ﺖﻛﺮـﺷ .ﺪـﻫﺩ
ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻕﺮﺑ ﻪﻜﺒﺷ ﻞﻛ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻦﻳﺮﺗﺪﺑ ﺏﺮﻏ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﻭ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ .ﺪﻧﺍ
ﻦ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ
ﻲﻣ ﺖﺳﺭﺩ ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻠﻛ ﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ ﺮﺗ
ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﺎﻫ ﺖﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻭ ﻕﺮﺑ ﻱ ﻱﺍﺮـﺑ ﺐـﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻱﺭﺍﺬﮔ
ﻥﺁﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﺍﺭ ﻢﻫﺍﺮﻓ .ﺩﺭﻭﺁ
ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ :JEL
،Q43
،Q53
،C67
،C61 Q57
ﻩژﺍﻭ :ﻱﺪﻴﻠﻛ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖﺴﻳﺯ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ
ﻲـﺸﺷﻮﭘ ﻞـﻴﻠﺤﺗ ،ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣﺎـﻧ ﻭ ﺏﻮـﻠﻄﻣ ﻩﺩﺎﺘـﺳ ،ﻲﻄﻴﺤﻣ
ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻪﻜﺒﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻱﺍ
) (NDEA ﺩﺍﺯﺎﻣ ﻝﺪﻣ ، ) ﻱﺎﻨﺒﻣ
ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻕﺮﺑ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ،(SBM ﻱﺍ
* ﻩﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ . ،ﻝﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻱ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ
ﻱ :ﺱﺎﻤﺗ
1 - ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﻭ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺪـﺷﺭ ﻪـﺑ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺘـﺳﺩ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻦﺌﻤﻄﻣ ﻲﻫﺍﺭ ﻊﻳﺎﻨﺻ ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺭﻭ
ﻕﺮﺑ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﺴﻜﻳ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻪﺑ
ﻥﺍﻮـﻨﻋ ﺪـﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻳﺎـﻨﺑﺮﻳﺯ ﺖﻌﻨـﺻ
ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﺘﻗﺍ ﻱ ﺖﺧﺎﺳﺮﻳﺯ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﻭ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻱﺩﺎﺼ ﻲـﺳﺎﺳﺍ ﻭ ﻩﺪـﻧﺯﺭﺍ ﻲـﺸﻘﻧ ﻪﻌـﺳﻮﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ
ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻭ ﻲﻳﺎﻳﻮﭘ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻡﺯﻻ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﺘﺴﺑ ،ﻲﺘﻌﻨـﺻ ،ﻱﺩﺎـﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻥﻮﮔﺎـﻧﻮﮔ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻭ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻢﻫﺍﺮﻓ
ﻲﻣ ﻨﻛ ﻦﻳﺍﺯﺍ .ﺪ ﺮﻴـﺴﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺭﻮـﺸﻛ ﺮﻤﺘـﺴﻣ ﺖـﻛﺮﺣ ،ﻭﺭ ﻪﻌـﺳﻮﺗ
ﻱ
ﺘﻗﺍ ﺖـﻴﻓﺮﻇ ﺶﻳﺍﺰـﻓﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻣﻭﺍﺪـﻣ ﺵﻼـﺗ ،ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻩﺎﻓﺭ ﺢﻄﺳ ءﺎﻘﺗﺭﺍ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﺼ ﻪـﺳ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﻩﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻱ
ﺗ ﻲﻨﻌﻳ ﻥﺁ ﻭ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎـﻛ ﺶﻳﺍﺰـﻓﺍ ﻭ ﻕﺮـﺑ ﻱژﺮـﻧﺍ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﻭ ﻝﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ،ﺪﻴﻟﻮ
ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺐﻠﻃ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺮﻫ ﻱﺭﻭ ،ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺍﺮﻤﻋ) ﺪﻨﻛ
1392 .(
ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮﺳ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻕﺮﺑ ﻪﻜﺒﺷ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻪﺳ ﺮﻫ ﺩﻮـﺑ ﺮﺑ
ﻥﺍﺮـﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ .ﺪﻨﺘـﺴﻫ ﺖـﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﺰﺋﺎـﺣ ﻥ
ﺩﻮﺟﻭﺎﺑ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺍ ﻪﻜﻨﻳﺍ ﻩﺎﮔﻭﺮﻴﻧ
ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﺴﻫ ﻭ ﻲﻳﺎﻣﺮﮔ ،ﺮﻳﺬﭘﺪﻳﺪﺠﺗ ،ﻲﺑﺁ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻕﺮـﺑ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻱﺍ
ﻪﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺩﺮﺑ ﺭﺎﻛ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ
، ﻢﻬﺳ ﺎﻣﺍ ﮔﺭﺰﺑ
ﻩﺪـﻬﻋ ﺮـﺑ ﻕﺮـﺑ ﺪـﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻲ ﻱ
ﻩﺎـﮔﻭﺮﻴﻧ ﺎـﻫ ﻲـﺗﺭﺍﺮﺣ ﻱ
ﻲﻣ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ،ﻱﺭﺪﻴﺣ) 1379
ﺭﺎـﺸﺘﻧﺍ ﺪـﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻕﺮـﺑ ﺪـﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺶـﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺖـﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﺰﺋﺎـﺣ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ .(
ﻩﺪﻨﻳﻻﺁ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣﺎﻧ ﻱﺎﻫ
Sଶ
ﻭ
Cଶ
ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺘﺸﻴﺑ
ﻥﺁ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻌﺳ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺮ
ﺤﻣ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﻭ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻂﻴ
.ﺪـﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺖـﺴﻳﺯ ﻪـﻘﻠﺣ ﻢـﻜﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻕﺮـﺑ ﻊـﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﺶـﺨﺑ
ﻑﺮﺼﻣ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﻲﻟﺎﺼﺗﺍ ﻪﻔﻴﻇﻭ ،ﻕﺮﺑ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ﻭ ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛ
ﻱ ﻱﺭﺍﺪـﻬﮕﻧ ،ﻥﺎﻛﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻕﺮﺑ ﺵﻭﺮﻓ
ﻪﻜﺒﺷ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻭ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻱ
ﺶﺨﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻕﺮـﺑ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ﻲﺘﺳﺩﻻﺎﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻩﺪﻬﻋ ﺍﺭ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻭ ﻝﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﻲﻨﻌﻳ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ
ﺭﺩ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ .
ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺖﻛﺮـﺷ ﺎـﻫ ﻱ ﺕﺎـﻔﻠﺗ ،ﻊـﻳﺯﻮﺗ
ﻕﺮﺑ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻩﺪﻨﻳﻻﺁ ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﺍ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻤﻫ ﻪﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣﺎـﻧ ﻞـﻣﺎﻋ ﻚـﻳ ﻥﺍﻮـﻨﻋ
، ﺚـﺤﺑﺭﺩ
ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﺎﻫ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﻱ ﺖﻛﺮـﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺕﺎـﻔﻠﺗ ﺶﻫﺎـﻛ ﻲﻠﻣ ﺡﺮﻃ ﻦﻳﻭﺪﺗ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺭ
ﺮﻴﻧﺍﻮﺗ
، ،ﻲﻳﺎﺿﺭ) ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻕﺮﺑ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺩﺰﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺁ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ 1392
(
.
ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻲﺸﺷﻮﭘ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ
1ﻫﺎ ) (،DEA
ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻚﻴﻨﻜﺗ ﻚﻳ ﻲﺑﺎـﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻚﻳﺮﺘﻣﺍﺭﺎﭘﺎﻧ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ
ﻩﺪـﻧﺮﻴﮔ ﻢﻴﻤـﺼﺗ ﻱﺎﻫﺪـﺣﺍﻭ ﺯﺍ ﻪـﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻚﻳ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻱ
ﻦـﮕﻤﻫ )2
ﺪـﻨﭼ ﺎـﺑ (DMU
.ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﺟﻭﺮﺧ ﺪﻨﭼ ﻭ ﻱﺩﻭﺭﻭ
3CCR
ﻲﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﺷ ﺪ ﻩ ﻩﺩﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﻛ ﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻱﺍ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﮕﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ
ﺮﻛ ﺩ ﻩ ﺍ .ﺪـﻧ
ﻩﺯﻮﺣ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻢﺘﻳﺭﻮﮕﻟﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻥﻮﻨﻛﺍ ﻢﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ،ﺱﺭﺍﺪﻣ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻤﻫ ﺎﻫ
ﻚﻧﺎﺑ ،ﺎﻫ ... ﻭ ﺎـﻫ
1. Data Envelopment Analysis 2. Decision Making Units 3. Charnes-Cooper-Rhodes
ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺮﭘﻮﻛ) ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﻛ ،1
2004 ﺩﺭﻮﻔﻴﺳ ﻭ ﻙﻮﻛ ﻭ ،2
2009 .(
ﻢـﻬﻣ ﻦﻳﺮـﺗ ﻪﻌـﺳﻮﺗ ﻱ
ﻱﺩﻭﺭﻭ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻂﺑﺍﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺑﺍﻭ ﻡﺪﻋ ،CCR
ﻲﺟﻭﺮﺧ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ـﻣ ﺪـﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻊﺑﺎﺗ ﻭ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻊﺑﺎﺗ ،ﺎﻫ
ﺯﺮ
ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ﮓﻧﺎﺳ) ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ،3
2014 ؛ ﻥﺍﺭﺎـﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻱﺭﻮـﻤﻴﺗﺮﻴﻣﺍ ،4
2015 ﻝﺪـﻣ .(
ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﻲﺘﻨﺳDEA
ﻲـﻣ ﻪﺒـﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻲـﺟﻭﺮﺧ ﻭ ﻱﺩﻭﺭﻭ ﺮﻳﺩﺎﻘﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ،5
ﺎـﻣﺍ ﺪـﻨﻨﻛ
ﻲﻣ ﻩﺪﻳﺩﺎﻧ ﺍﺭ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻥﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ ﻱﺎﻫﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ .ﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔ
ﻪﺑ ﻲﮔﺯﺎﺗ ﻭ ﺩﺎـﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺖﻓﺮـﺸﻴﭘ ﺎﺑ
ﻝﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﻲﻣ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﺍ ﺮﺗﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻭ ﺮﺗ ﺩﻮﺷ
، ﻲـﺋﺰﺟ ﺎﺑ ﺍﺬﻟ ﺮـﻛ
ﻥﺩ
ﻪــﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻚــﺗ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎــﻛ ﻩﺎﻴــﺳ ﻪــﺒﻌﺟ) ﻱﺍ
ﻝﺪــﻣ (6
ﻩﺯﺍﺪــﻧﺍ ﻱﺍﺮــﺑ ﻱﺮﺗﺮﺛﺆــﻣ ﻱﺎــﻫ ﻱﺮــﻴﮔ
ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛﺎﻧ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺎﻫDMU
ﻱﺩﻭﺭﻭ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ .ﺩﺮﻴﮔ ﻲﺟﻭﺮﺧ ﻭ ﺎﻫ
ﺯﺍ ﺎـﻫ
ﻱﻮﮕﻟﺍ ،ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺎﺗ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﻱﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﻪﻜﺒﺷDEA
7ﻱﺍ ﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﻲ ﻲﻣ ﻮـﺷ ﺩ.
ﻥﺮﮕﻓﻮـﻟ)
ﺭﻮﺒﻤﺗ ﻭ ،8
1999 ﻥﺍﺭﺎـﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻙﻮـﻛ ؛ ،9
2010 ؛ ﻥﺍﺭﺎـﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻱﺍﺩﺮـﭘ
،10
2011 ﻝﺪـﻣ .(
ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﻪﻜﺒﺷ ﻖﻴﻗﺩ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﻧﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ ﻱﺍ ﺖﺴﻳﺯ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﺮﺗ
ﻩﺪـﺷ ﺩﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ ﻲﻄﻴﺤﻣ
ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻩﺭﺎﻓ) ﺖﺳﺍ ،11
1989 ﻥﺍﺭﺎـﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺍﻮـﻫ ؛ ،12
2007 (،
ﺭﺩ ﻲﻠـﺻﺍ ﻝﺍﻮـﺳ ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎـﻨﺑ
ﺳﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺖﺴﻳﺯ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﻛ ﺖ
ﻭ ﻝﺎـﻘﺘﻧﺍ ،ﺪـﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻚﻴﻜﻔﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻕﺮﺑ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ﻲﻄﻴﺤﻣ
ﻪﻧﻮﮕﭼ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛﺎﻧ ﻭ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ
ﺎﻫ ﻪـﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻕﺮـﺑ ﻱ ﺪـﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﺯﺍ ﺶـﺨﺑ ﻡﺍﺪـﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺍ
ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻦﻳﺪﺑ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﺘﻓﺍ ﻕﺎﻔﺗﺍ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﻭ ﻝﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ،ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺵﻼﺗ
ﺯﺍ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻩﺪـﺷ
ﻝﺪﻣ ﻪﻜﺒﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﺯﻮﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺍ
ﻱ ﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻤﻫ ﻱژﺮﻧﺍ ﻲـﺴﺗﻮﺴﺗ ﻭ ﻦـﺗ ﺕﺎ
)13
2009 ﻭ ﻦـﺗ ،(
) ﻲﺴﺗﻮﺴﺗ 2010
ﻥﺎﻘﻫﺩﺮﻴﻣ ﻭ ﺎﻣﻮﻳﻮﻛﻮﻓ ﻭ ( )14
2012 ﺖﺴﻳﺯ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ( ﻲﻄﻴﺤﻣ
ﻪﻜﺒﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻕﺮﺑ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺍ ﻮﺷ
ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﻛﺫ ﻥﺎﻳﺎﺷ .ﺩ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ
ﻲـﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ
ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻱ ﻪـﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻚـﺗ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻕﺮﺑ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﺶـﺨﺑ) ﻱﺍ
ﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ (ﺪ ﻤﻛ
ﻪﻜﺒﺷ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻲ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻨﻓ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻱﺍ
1. Cooper et al.
2. Cook and Seiford 3. Song et al.
4. Amirteimoori et al.
5. Traditional DEA 6. Black box 7. Network DEA 8. Loሷhgren and Tambour 9. Cook et al.
10. Paradi et al.
11. Färe et al.
12. Hua et al.
13. Toneand Tsutsui
14. Fukuyamaand Mirdehghan
ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻩﺩﺎﺘﺳ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺍ
ﻱ ﺕﺎﻔﻠﺗ ﺎﻳ ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣﺎﻧ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ
ﻭ ﻝﺎـﻘﺘﻧﺍ ،ﺪـﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ
ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮕﻧ ﺮﻈﻧ
ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ .ﺪﻧﺍ ﺵﻼﺗ
ﺖﺴﻳﺯ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ﻲﻄﻴﺤﻣ
ﻪﻜﺒﺷ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻕﺮﺑ ﺍ
ﻦـﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﺏﻮﭼﺭﺎﭼ ﻪﻣﺍﺩﺍ ﺭﺩ .ﺩﺮﻴﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻭ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻱ
ﻡﻭﺩ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ :ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ
، ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺩﺍ ﻥﺎﻴﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﻱﺮـﻈﻧ ﻲﻧﺎـﺒﻣ ﻞﻣﺎـﺷ)
ﻡﻮﺳ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ (ﻲﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
، ﻪﻜﺒـﺷ ﻱﻮـﮕﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻖـﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻥﺎﻴﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺩﺭﻮـﻣ ﻱﺍ
ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺹﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﻡﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ
، ﺮﻌﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻲﻓ
ﻪـﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻭ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺲﭙﺳ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻴﺑ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺪﺷ ﻩ ﻊﻤﺟ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍﺮﺳ ﻭ ﻭ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ
ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﻱ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺩﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ ﻲﺗﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻲﻣ ﻪﺘﺧ ﺩﻮﺷ .
2 - ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺩﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻱﺭﻭﺮﻣ
ﻲﻣﺎﮕﻨﻫ ﻚﻳ ﻩﺎﮕﻨﺑ
ًﻼﻣﺎﻛ ﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﻛ ﻥﺎﻜﻣﺍ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻚـﻳ ﻩﺩﺎـﻬﻧ ﻭ ﺎـﻳ ﺶﻳﺍﺰـﻓﺍ ﻚـﻳ
ﻩﺩﺎﺘﺳ ﻥﻭﺪﺑ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣ ﻚﻳ ﻩﺩﺎﻬﻧ ﻭ ﺎﻳ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣ ﻚﻳ ﻩﺩﺎﺘﺳ ﺮـﮕﻳﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺁ ﻩﺎـﮕﻨﺑ
ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺪﻧ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ )
،ﺰﻨﻤﭘﻮﻛ 1951 .(
ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻕﻮﻓ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻲﻨﻓ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﻛ ﻩﺩﺎﺘﺳ ﻱ
ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣﺎﻧ ﺍﺭ
ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻲﻤﻧ ﺩﻮﺷ . ﻭﺩ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻩﺪﻤﻋ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻳﺍ
،ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻱﺎـﻫ DEA
ﻚـﻳﺮﺘﻣﺍﺭﺎﭘﺎﻧ
ﻭCCR
ﻲﻣBCC
ﺷﺎﺑ ﺪﻨ ﻪﻛ ﻟﺍ ﻱﺎﻫﻮﮕ ﻲﻄﺧ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻞﺣ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ﺪﻨﭼ ﻩﺩﺎـﻬﻧ
ﻭ ﺪﻨﭼ ﻩﺩﺎﺘﺳ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻭ ﻪﺑ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻱژﻮـﻟﻮﻨﻜﺗ ﻲﻫﺩﺯﺎـﺑ
ﻪـﺑ ﺱﺎـﻴﻘﻣ ﺖـﺑﺎﺛ
ﻭ ﺮـﻴﻐﺘﻣ
ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ . ﺎﺑ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺑ
ﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻪـﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻂـﺳﻮﺗ ﻪـﻛ ﻁﺎﻘﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺍ
ﻲـﻄﺧ ﻱﺰـﻳﺭ
ﻩﺪﺷ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻲﻣ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﺯﺮﻣ ﻲﻨﺤﻨﻣ ﻚﻳ ،ﺪﻧﺍ
ﻪـﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺵﻭﺭ .ﺩﻮﺷ ﻚـﻳ ﺎـﺑ ﻲـﻄﺧ ﻱﺰـﻳﺭ
ﻪﻨﻴﻬﺑ ﻱﺮﺳ ﻲﻣ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ،ﻱﺯﺎﺳ
ﺎﻳﺁ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﻛ ﻪـﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮـﻗ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎـﻛ ﻂـﺧ ﻱﻭﺭ ﺮﻈﻧﺪﻣDMU
ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻲـﺸﺷﻮﭘ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻑﺪﻫ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺝﺭﺎﺧ ﺎﻳ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻚـﻳ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎـﻛ ﻦﻴـﻴﻌﺗ ،ﺎـﻫ
ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ ﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﺎﻳ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻱﺩﻭﺭﻭ ﻞﻳﺪـﺒﺗ ﺪـﻨﻳﺍﺮﻓ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ
ﻲـﺟﻭﺮﺧ ﻪـﺑ ﺎـﻫ .ﺖـﺳﺍ ﺎـﻫ
ﺴﻣ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻱﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎـﻛ ﻪﻛ ﺎﻫﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻡﺎﻧ ﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﺪﺣﺍﻭ ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻚﻳ ﻱﻭﺎ
ﻲﻣ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺍﺭﺎﻛﺎﻧ ﻱﺎﻫﺪﺣﺍﻭ ،ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻚﻳ ﻭ ﺮﻔﺻ ﻦﻴﺑ .ﺪﻧﻮﺷ
ﺭﺩ ﺪـﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻥﻮﮔﺎـﻧﻮﮔ ﻱﺎﻫﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻩﺪﻳﺩﺎﻧ ،ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻲﺘﻨﺳ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﺩﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻚﻳ ﺭﺩ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﻜﻤﻣ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻴﭽﻴﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻚﻳDMU
ﺎﻫ
ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﻲﻠﻛ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻲﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣﺎﻧ ﻥﺁ
ﻒـﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﺭﺩ .ﺪـﻫﺩ ﺭﺍﺮـﻗ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺍﺭDMU
ﻲﻣ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯ ﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﻚﻳ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻪﻤﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﺷ
ﻱ ﻪﺑ ﻞﺣﺍﺮﻣ ﺍﺭﺎـﻛ ﻞﻘﺘـﺴﻣ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ
ﻥﺎﻳ ﻭ ﻦﭼ) .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ،1
2011 .(
ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺩﺎﺘـﺳ ،ﻲـﺸﺨﺑ ﺪـﻨﭼ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻥﺎـﻤﻫ ﻝﻭﺍ ﺶـﺨﺑ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﻩﺩﺎﻬﻧ ﺘﺳ ،ﻡﻭﺩ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺎ
ﻩﺩﺎـﻬﻧ ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ﻡﻭﺩ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻦﻴـﻤﻫ ﻪـﺑ ﻭ ﻡﻮـﺳ ﺶـﺨﺑ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﻩﺩﺎﺘﺳ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺶﺨﺑ ﻩﺩﺎﻬﻧ ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ﻡﺍN-1
ﻩﺩﺎﺘﺳ ﻪﺑ .ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻡﺍN
ﻪـﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻩﺩﺎﻬﻧ ﻪﻛ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ
ﻱ ﻲﻣ ﺏﻮﺴﺤﻣ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻱﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﻄﺳﺍﻭ ﺕﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ
ﻲـﻣ ﻪـﺘﻔﮔ2
ﻦـﻳﺍ .ﺩﻮـﺷ
ﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﺮﻳﺯ ،ﻲﻠﻛ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﻚﻳ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺎﺟ ﻪﺑ ﻮﺗﺭﺩﻮﺗ ﻱﻮﮕﻟﺍ ﺎـﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻒـﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺪﻨ
ﻩﺩﺎﻬﻧ ﻩﺩﺎﺘﺳ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻄﺳﺍﻭ ﺕﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ﺺﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻭ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺍ
ﻲﻣ ﻑﺮﺼﻣ ﻲﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ
ﻱﺎﻫﻮﮕﻟﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ .ﺩﺮﻴﮔ ﻱﻮـﮕﻟﺍ ،DEA
ﻪﻜﺒـﺷDEA
3ﻱﺍ
) ﻲﻣ ﻪﺘﻔﮔ (NDEA
.ﺩﻮﺷ
ﻩﺪﻤﻋ ﺖﻳﺰﻣ ﻱ
ﻱﻮﮕﻟﺍ ﻲـﺋﺰﺟ ﻱﺎﻫﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﺎﻳ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺪﻨﭼ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ،NDEA
ﺭﺩ
ﺭﺩ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻚﻳ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ ﺖﻘﻴﻘﺣ
ﻝﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪـﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻚـﺗ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﻅﺎـﺤﻟ ،ﺎﺘـﺴﻳﺍ ﻭ ﻱﺍ
ﺶﺨﺑ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ ﻥﺩﺮﻛ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻲﻠﻌﻓ ﻩﺪﻴﭽﻴﭘ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻚﻳ ﻲﺋﺰﺟ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺎـﻫ
ﻖﺒﻄﻨﻣ ﻪﺻﻼﺧ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﺗ ﺩﺮـﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺶﺠﻨـﺳ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺪﻴﻔﻣ ﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ ﻭ ﻚﻴﻨﻜﺗ ﻚﻳNDEA
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ
، ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ﻲﺷﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺮﻳﺯ ﻣ ﻱﺍ
ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻲﮔﺪﻴﭽﻴﭘ ﺎﺑ ﻖﺒﻄﻨ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘـﺳﺍ ﻱﺯﻭﺮـﻣﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﻨﻛ ﻝﺎﺘﺴﻳﺮﻛ ﻚﻣ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺮﻴﻛﻭﺁ) ﺪ ،4
2012 .(
ﻥﺍﺭﺎـﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻩﺭﺎﻓ ﺭﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﻟﻭﺍ )
1993 (،
ﻝﺪـﻣ ﻱﺎـﻫ ﻪﻜﺒـﺷDEA
ﻲـﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺍ ﻩﺩﺮـﻛ
ﻭ
ﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺵﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻥﺎﻘﻘﺤﻣ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺲﭙﺳ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪ
ﻥﻮﺘـﺴﻜﺳ ﻭ ﺲﻳﻮـﻟ . )5
2004 (،
ﻪﻜﺒﺷ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻚﻳ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺪﻨﭼ ﻱﺍ
ﺩﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ ﻱﺍ ﺮﻛ
ﺩ ﻩ ﺍ ﻪـﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻭﺩ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺵﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧ ﻱﺍ
ﺲﻳﻮﻟ ﻭ ﻥﻮﺘﺴﻜﺳ )
2003 ﺩﻮﺑ ( ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ .
، ﻥﺁ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻚﻳ ﺎﻫ ﺶـﺨﺑ ﺮـﻫ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺍﺭDEA
ﻲﻣ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻨﻛ
ﻦﺘﻓﺮـﮔ ﻩﺪـﻳﺩﺎﻧ ﻭ ﻥﺩﻮـﺑ ﻲﻋﺎﻌﺷ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺪ
ﻩﺩﺎﻬﻧ ﻱﺎﻫﺩﺍﺯﺎﻣ ﻩﺩﺎﺘﺳ ﺩﻮﺒﻤﻛ ﻭ ﺎﻫ
ﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳﺎﻧ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻲﻌﻗﺍﻭ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﺎﺑ ،ﺎﻫ ﻣ
ﻲ
،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺽﺮـﻓ ﺍﺮـﻳﺯ
ﻝﺪﻣ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﻩﺩﺎﻬﻧ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﺘﻣ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ
ﻩﺩﺎﺘﺳ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﻲـﺴﺗﻮﺴﺗ ﻭ ﻦـﺗ .ﺖـﺳﺍ ﺎﻫ
) 2009 ﻚـﻳ (
ﻪﻜﺒﺷ ﻝﺪﻣ ﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﺩﺍﺯﺎﻣ ﻱﺍ
)6
NSBM-DEA
( ﺍﺭ ﻩﺩﺎﻬﻧ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻩﺩﺎﺘـﺳ ﻭ ﺎﻫ
ﻱﺎـﻫ
1. Chen and Yan 2. Intermediate 3. Network DEA 4. Avkiran and McCrystal 5. Lewis and Sexton
6. Network Slacks Based Measure approach
ﻲﻣ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻢﻫ ﺎﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﺘﻣﺮﻴﻏ ﻪﻛ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻚﻳ ﻨﻛ
ﺩﻮـﻤﻧ ﻲـﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﺪـﻨ ﻩ ﺍ
ﻥﺁ ﻖـﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺭﺩ .ﺪـﻧ ﺎـﻫ
ﻜﻤﻛ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ
1ﻲ ﻚﻠﺳﺍ) ﺕﺍﺪﻫﺎـﺸﻣ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺮﺑ ﻢﻴﺴﻘﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ (ﺎﻫ ﻪـﻃﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻱﺎـﻫDMU
ﻲﻣ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻞﻳﺪﻌﺗ ﺎـﻨﺒﻣﺩﺍﺯﺎﻣ ﻝﺪـﻣ .ﺪﻧﻮـﺷ ﻪـﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺮﮕﻳﺪﻜﻳ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻨﻧﺍﻮﺗ
)2
(،SBM
ﺭﺎـﺑ ﻦﻴـﻟﻭﺍ
) ﻦﺗ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ 2000
ﻲﻓﺮﻌﻣ ( ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ
ﺩﺍﺯﺎﻣ ﻝﺪﻣ ،ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ﺭﺩ . ﺎﻨﺒﻣ
ﻪﺑ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻢﻴﻘﺘـﺴﻣ
ﻩﺩﺎﻬﻧ ﺩﺍﺯﺎﻣ ﺎﺑ
3 ﺎـﻫ ﻩﺩﺎﺘـﺳ ﺩﻮـﺒﻤﻛ ﻭ
4 ﺎـﻫ ﻁﺎـﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻴـﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻲـﻜﻤﻛ ﻱﺎـﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ .ﺖـﺳﺍ
ﻲﻣ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺪﻨﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﺪﻧﻮـﺷ ﻞﻳﺪـﻌﺗ ﺰـﻴﻧ ﻪـﻃﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺩﺮﺑ ﺎﻳ ﺭﺍﺩ
،ﻮﺋﺎـﻛ)
2014 ﺭﺩ .(
ﺶﻴﺑ ﺮﺗ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻲﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﻜﺒﺷ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻩﺪـﻳﺩﺎﻧ ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣﺎـﻧ ﻩﺩﺎﺘـﺳ ،ﻱﺍ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ
، ﻝﺪﻣ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻤﻫ ﻪﻛ ﻲﺗﺭﻮﺻ ﺭﺩ ﻪـﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻚـﺗ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎـﻛ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻚـﻔﻨﻳﻻ ءﺰـﺟ ﻱﺍ
ﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﻲـﻣ ﺞﻳﺎـﺘﻧ ﺐﻳﺭﺍ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﻥﺁ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻩﺪﻳﺩﺎﻧ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺏﻮﺴﺤﻣ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺪﻨ ﻮـﺷ
ﻭ ﮓـﻧﺍﻮﻫ) ﺩ
ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ،5
2014 .(
) ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺭﺩ 1
(،
ﻲﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ
ﺭﺩ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ
ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻭ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎـﻛ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ
ﺖﺴﻳﺯ ﻭ ﻲﻨﻓ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﻕﺮﺑ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻄﻴﺤﻣ
ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻲﻣ ﻪﻈﺣﻼﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮـﺷ
ﺮﻜﻳﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺟﺭﺎﺧ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪـﻠﺣﺮﻣﺪﻨﭼ ﻭ ﻪـﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻚﻳ ﺯﺍ ﻢﻋﺍ ﻲﺗﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺩ
ﻪﻜﺒـﺷ) ﻱﺍ (ﻱﺍ
ﻭ ﻲـﻧﻭﺭﺩ ﻂﺑﺍﻭﺭ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻕﺮﺑ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻦﻴﺑ ﮓﻨﺗﺎﮕﻨﺗ ﺪـﻨﻧﺎﻤﻫ ﻲﺗﺎـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ،(ﻊـﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﻭ ﻝﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ،ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ) ﻕﺮﺑ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
) ﻲﺴﺗﻮﺴﺗ ﻭ ﻦﺗ 2009
) ﻲـﺴﺗﻮﺴﺗ ﻭ ﻦـﺗ ،(
2010 ﻭ ﺎـﻣﻮﻳﻮﻛﻮﻓ ﻭ ( ) ﻥﺎـﻘﻫﺩﺮﻴﻣ
2012 (،
ﺯﺍ
.ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻱﺩﺮﻔﺑ ﺮﺼﺤﻨﻣ ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﺮﺘـﺸﻴﺑ
ـﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻪـﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺭﻮـﺑﺰﻣ ﺕﺎـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪ ﺍ
ﺪـﻧ ﻪـﻛ
ﻝﺪﻣ ﻪﻜﺒﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻱﺍ
ﻚﺗ) ﻲﺘﻨﺳ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪـﻠﺣﺮﻣ
ﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮـﺧﺮﺑ ﻱﺮﺗﻻﺎـﺑ ﺖـﻗﺩ ﺯﺍ (ﻱﺍ
.ﺖﺳﺍ (ﺹﺎـﺧ ﺶـﺨﺑ ﻚـﻳ) ﻲـﻠﻛ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻕﺮﺑ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ًﺎﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ
ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻭ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻕﺮـﺑ ﺪـﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺶـﺨﺑ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎـﻛ ﻲﺑﺎـﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ
،ﻲﻳﺎﺿﺭ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺎﻣﺁ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻤﻫ) ﻪﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ 1390
؛ ،ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻲﻔﻴﺳ 1392
ﻲﻤﻣ ؛ ﻭ ﺭﻮـﭘ
ﻒﺠﻧ ،ﻩﺩﺍﺯ 1395 ﻭ ﺭﻮﻨﺨـﺳ ﺕﺎـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺪـﻨﻧﺎﻤﻫ) ﻕﺮـﺑ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺺﺘﺨﻣ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻱﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻭ (
،ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ 1390
؛ ،ﻲﻳﺎﺿﺭ 1392 ﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﻭﺪـﻌﻣ ﺯﺍ .ﺪﻨﺘـﺴﻫ ( ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎـﻛ ﻲﺑﺎـﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻪـﺑ ﻪـﻛ ﻲﺗﺎـﻌ
ﻪﻜﺒﺷ ﺪﻨﭼ) ﻱﺍ ﻪـﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻕﺮـﺑ (ﻲﺸﺨﺑ
،ﺪـﻧﺍ ﻲـﻣ ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪـﺑ ﻥﺍﻮـﺗ ﻱ
ﻥﺍﺭﺎـﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻲـﻧﺍﺮﻤﻋ
1. Slacks
2. Slack Based Measure approach 3. Inputs Excess
4. Output Shortfalls 5. Huang et al.
) 1392 ) ﻲﺘﻣﺍﺮﻛ ﻭ ﻲﻤﻴﻠﺳ ﻭ ( 1394
ﺩﺮﻛ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ (
، ﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻪ ﻖـﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺎـﺑ ﻲﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﺗ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ
ﻲﻣ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ .ﺩﻮﺷ
) ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺍﺮﻤﻋ 1392
(،
ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻝﺪـﻣ ﻲﻋﺎﻌﺷ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ
ﻪﻜﺒـﺷ ﻱﺎـﻫ ﻱﺍ
، ﻪـﺑ
ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻱ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ 16 ﻝﺎـﺳ ﻦﻴـﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻕﺮﺑ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﻱﺎـﻫ
1390 - 1386 ـﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻪ ﺍ .ﺪـﻧ
ﻪﻜﺒﺷ ﻱ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻱ
ﻥﺁ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻕﺮﺑ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻭﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫ ﻕﺮـﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﻭ ﻱﺍ
ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻱﺍ
، ﺩﻮﺧ
، ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺍ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻩﺎﮔﻭﺮﻴﻧ
ﺎﻫ ﻭ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﺎﻫ ـﻗ .ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻊـﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﻕﻮـﻓ ﻭ ﻝﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﻱ ﺕﺭﺪ
ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻭ ﻲﻤﺳﺍ ﻱ
ﻲﻓﺮﺼﻣ ﺖﺧﻮﺳ ﻪﺑ
ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻩﺩﺎﻬﻧ ﻩﺎﮔﻭﺮﻴﻧ ﺎﻫ - ﻩﺎﮕﺘـﺴﻳﺍ ﺖـﻴﻓﺮﻇ ﻝﻮـﻃ ،ﺎـﻫ
ﺯﺍ ﻱژﺮﻧﺍ ﺖﻓﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻝﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﻁﻮﻄﺧ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ
ﺎـﻫ ﻪـﺑ ﻕﺮـﺑ ﻱژﺮـﻧﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺭﺍﻭ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻮـﺠﻤﻫ ﻱ ﻥﺍﻮـﻨﻋ
ﻩﺩﺎﻬﻧ ﻱ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﺎﻫ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﻕﻮﻓ ﻭ ﻝﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﻱ -
ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻱﻭﺮﻴﻧ ﻭ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﻁﻮﻄﺧ ﻝﻮﻃ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ
ﺎﻫ ﻱ
ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻩﺩﺎﻬﻧ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﺎﻫ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﻱ - ﻪـﺑ ﻲﻠﻳﻮﺤﺗ ﻱژﺮﻧﺍ ﻭ ﻱﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻱژﺮﻧﺍ ﺖﻛﺮـﺷ
ﺎـﻫ ﻱ
ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﻄﺳﺍﻭ ﻩﺩﺎﺘﺳ -
ﻪﺑ ﻱژﺮﻧﺍ ﻝﺎﺳﺭﺍ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ
ﺎﻫ ﻕﺮﺑ ﻱژﺮﻧﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻮﺠﻤﻫ ﻱ
ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻩﺩﺎﺘﺳ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﺎﻫ ﺩﺍﺪـﻌﺗ ﻭ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﻪـﺘﺧﻭﺮﻓ ﻞـﻛ ﻱژﺮـﻧﺍ ﻭ ﻊـﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﻕﻮـﻓ ﻭ ﻝﺎـﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﻱ
ﻥﺎﻳﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﻪﺑ
ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻩﺩﺎﺘﺳ ﻱ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﺎﻫ ﻪـﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮـﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﻱ ﻥﺎـﺸﻧ ﺞﻳﺎـﺘﻧ .ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻩﺪـﺷ
ﻲﻣ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ
ﺎﻫ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﻕﺮﺑ ﻱ 841
/ 0 ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﺎﻫ ﻕﺮﺑ ﻱ
ﻪﺒﺗﺭ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻥﻼﻴﮔ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻨﻤﺳ ،ﻥﺎﺳﺍﺮﺧ ،ﺱﺭﺎﻓ ﻲﻣ ﺹﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺮﺗﺮﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ
.ﺪﻨﻫﺩ
) ﻲﺘﻣﺍﺮﻛ ﻭ ﻲﻤﻴﻠﺳ 1394
(،
ﻪـﺳ ﻪﻜﺒﺷ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻪﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ
ﻲﺋﺰﺟ ﺗ) ﺪﻴﻟﻮ ﻝﺎـﻘﺘﻧﺍ– - (ﻊـﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﻕﻮـﻓ 16
ﻪـﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻕﺮـﺑ ﺖﻛﺮـﺷ ﻲـﻃ ﺭﻮـﺸﻛ ﻱﺍ
ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻱ
1392 - 1385 ﺩﻮـﺧ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻪﺳ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﻪﻧﺎﮔﺪﻨﭼ ﻥﻮﻴﺳﺮﮔﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺲﭙﺳ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﺍﺭ
ﻩﺪﻴﺠﻨﺳ ﺍ ﻥﺁ .ﺪﻧ ﻁﻮـﻄﺧ ﻝﻮـﻃ ،ﻩﺪـﺷ ﺐـﺼﻧ ﻲﻣﺎـﻧ ﺖـﻴﻓﺮﻇ ،ﻲﻓﺮـﺼﻣ ﺖﺧﻮﺳ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫ
ﺖﺴﭘ ﺖﻴﻓﺮﻇ ،ﻝﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﻭ ﻊـﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﻕﻮـﻓ ﻁﻮﻄﺧ ﻝﻮﻃ ،ﻝﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺖـﺴﭘ ﺖـﻴﻓﺮﻇ ﻕﻮـﻓ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻩﺩﺎﻬﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻟﺎﺳﺭﺍ ﻱژﺮﻧﺍ ﺯﺍ ،ﺎﻫ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ
ﺎﻫ ﺢﻄـﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺯﺮـﻣ ﻥﻭﺮـﺑ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻮﺠﻤﻫ ﻱ
ﻪﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﻭﺮﻓ ﻱژﺮﻧﺍ ﻭ ﻝﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ژﺎﺘﻟﻭ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ
ﺎﻫ ﻭ ﻕﺮـﺑ ﻊـﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﻱ ﺖﻛﺮـﺷ
ﺎـﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺘﻌﻨـﺻ ﻱ
ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﻕﻮﻓ ژﺎﺘﻟﻭ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻪﺑ
ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻩﺩﺎﺘﺳ ﻩﮋـﻳﻭ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﺖﻛﺮـﺷ
ﺎـﻫ ﻪـﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻕﺮـﺑ ﻱ ﻭ ﻱﺍ
ﻱژﺮﻧﺍ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﻕﻮﻓ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻠﻳﻮﺤﺗ ﻪﺑ
ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﺩﺮـﻛ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻪﻄﺳﺍﻭ ﺕﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﻩ ﺍ
ﻥﺎـﺸﻧ ﺞﻳﺎـﺘﻧ .ﺪـﻧ
ﻲﻣ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ 16
ﻝﺎـﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻕﺮﺑ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ 1385
ﻝﺎـﺳ ﺎـﺗ 1390
ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺶﻫﺎـﻛ
ﻝﺎﺳ 1390 ﺎﺗ 1392 .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ
ﺎـﻫ ﻪـﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻕﺮـﺑ ﻱ ﻭ ﻥﻼﻴـﮔ ،ﻥﺍﺮـﻬﺗ ﻱﺍ
ﻥﺎﺳﺍﺮﺧ
، ﻭ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻦﻳﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ
ﺎﻫ ﻴﺳ ﻕﺮﺑ ﻱ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﻥﺍﺭﺪﻧﺯﺎﻣ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺘﺴﭼﻮﻠﺑ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺘﺴ
ﻦﻳﺮـﺗ
ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻱ
ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻭ ﻝﺎـﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﻞﺣﺍﺮﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ
ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﻕﻮﻓ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ
ﻞﻛ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ
ﺎﻫ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻕﺮﺑ ﻱ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻱﺍ
.ﺪﻧﺍ
ﻝﻭﺪﺟ 1.
ﺭﺩ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ﺹﻮﺼﺧ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺟﺭﺎﺧ ﻭ ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﻲﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻕﺮﺑ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ
ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻭ ﻝﺎﺳ) ﻥﺎﻘﻘﺤﻣ
(ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯ ﻩﻭﺩ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ
ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻕﺮﺑ ﻱﺍ
ﻥﺎﺠﻳﺎﺑﺭﺫﺁ ﻭ
،ﻥﺎﺳﺍﺮﺧ ﺯﺍ
ﺮﻈﻧﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﻄﻴﺤﻣ ﺖﺴﻳﺯ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻭ ﻲﻨﻓ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻲﻔﻴﻌﺿ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ . ﺖﻛﺮﺷ
ﻕﺮﺑ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ
ﻱﺍ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛﺯﺍ ،ﻻﺎﺑﻲﻨﻓﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛﻑﻼﺧﺮﺑﻥﺎﺘﺳﺯﻮﺧ ﺖﺴﻳﺯ ﺖﺳﺍﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑﻲﻛﺪﻧﺍﻲﻄﻴﺤﻣ
ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻲﻳ ﺖﺴﻳﺯ ﻲﻄﻴﺤﻣ
ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍﺎﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﺮﺳﺍﺮﺳ
ﻩﺩﺎﺘﺳ ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﻭ ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣﺎﻧ
ﻚﻴﻜﻔﺗ ﺮﻳﺬﭘﺎﻧ ﻱﺮﺳﺍﺮﺳ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ
ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻕﺮﺑ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻱﺍ
ﻩﺩﺎﻣﺁ ﻭ ﻲﻳﺎﺿﺭ
) 1390 ( -1388 :ﻩﺭﻭﺩ 1383
ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻲﻄﻴﺤﻣ ﺖﺴﻳﺯ ﻩﺎﮔﻭﺮﻴﻧ
ﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺭﻮﻃ
81 / 93 ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻪﻳﺎﺳ ﺖﻤﻴﻗ ﺪﻴﺴﻛﺍ ﻡﺮﮔﻮﻠﻴﻛ ﺮﻫ ﻱﺍ
ﻥژﻭﺮﺘﻴﻧ 12 / 1 ﻝﺎﻳﺭ ﺖﺳﺍ
ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻱ ﻲﻄﻴﺤﻣ ﺖﺴﻳﺯ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ
6 ﻕﺮﺑ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻲﺗﺭﺍﺮﺣ ﻩﺎﮔﻭﺮﻴﻧ
ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍ
،ﻲﺑﻮﻨﺟ ﻥﺎﺳﺍﺮﺧ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻟﺎﻤﺷ ﻭ ﻱﻮﺿﺭ
ﻚﻴﻟﻮﺑﺮﭙﻳﺎﻫ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﻊﺑﺍﻮﺗ
ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻲﻔﻴﺳ ) 1392 ( -1384 :ﻩﺭﻭﺩ 1387
ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺳﺍﺮﺧ ﻭ ﺯﺍﻮﻫﺍ ،ﺰﻳﺮﺒﺗ ﻕﺮﺑ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﻱ
ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﻲﺑﻮﻨﺟ ﻭ .ﺪﻧﺍ
ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﺩﻮﺟ
ﻅﺎﺤﻟ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻭ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛﺮﺑَﺍ ﺮﻳﺩﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﻠﺗ ﻥﺩﺮﻛ ﻭ ﻪﻜﺒﺷ ﻲﻟﺎﮕﭼ ،ﺕﺎﻔﻠﺗ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ.
ﺭﺍﺬﮔﺮﺛﺍ ﻭ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﺯﺍ ﺭﻮﺗﺎﻣﺭﻮﻔﺴﻧﺍﺮﺗ ﺭﺎﺑ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛﺮﺑَﺍ ﻱﻭﺭ .
ﻭ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ
ﺭﻭ ﻱ 38
ﺖﻛﺮﺷﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻕﺮﺑ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﺩﺍﺯﺎﻣ ﻝﺪﻣ (SBM)
ﻭ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛﺮﺑﺍﻱﺎﻫﻝﺪﻣ
) ﻲﻳﺎﺿﺭ 1392
( -1387 :ﻩﺭﻭﺩ 1390
ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻕﺮﺑ ﻱ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺯﻮﺧ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻣﺮﻛ ﻱﺍ
ﻭ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻦﻳﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ
ﺎﻫ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻕﺮﺑ ﻱ ﺱﺭﺎﻓ ﻱﺍ
ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﻥﺎﺘﺴﭼﻮﻠﺑ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻭ ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﺖﻤﻴﻗ ﻱﺯﺎﺳﺩﺍﺯﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻭ
،ﻱژﺮﻧﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻱﮋﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺍ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻲﺗﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺩﺮﻜﻳﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺎﻫ
ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻕﺮﺑ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺫﺎﺨﺗﺍ ﻱﺍ
ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﺖﺴﻳﺯ ﻲﻄﻴﺤﻣ
ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻕﺮﺑ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻱﺍ
: ﻭ ﻲﻋﺎﻌﺷ ﻱﺎﻫﻝﺪﻣ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻲﻋﺎﻌﺷﺮﻴﻏ
ﻲﻤﻣ ﻒﺠﻧ ﻭ ﺭﻮﭘ ﻩﺩﺍﺯ
) 1395 ( -1389 :ﻩﺭﻭﺩ 1393
ﻩﺩﺎﻬﻧ ﺭﺩ (ﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﻭﺮﻴﻧ ﻭ ﻲﻓﺮﺼﻣ ﺖﺧﻮﺳ) ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛﺎﻧ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ
ﻩﺩﺎﻬﻧ ﺑﺎﺛ ﻪﺒﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻝﻮﻃ ،ﻩﺪﺷ ﺐﺼﻧ ﺖﻴﻓﺮﻇ) ﺖ
.ﺖﺳﺍ (ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﺭﻮﺗﺎﻣﺭﻮﻔﺴﻧﺍﺮﺗ ﺖﻴﻓﺮﻇ ﻭ ﻝﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﻁﻮﻄﺧ
ﺎﻳﻮﭘ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ
ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﻦﭘﺍژ ﻕﺮﺑ 1ﻮﺗﻮﮔ ﻭ ﻮﺗﻮﻤﻧ
) 2003 ( -1995 :ﻩﺭﻭﺩ 1981
ﻝﺪﻣ ﻪﻜﺒﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺍ
ﺶﺨﺑ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻧﻭﺭﺩ
،ﺮﮕﻳﺪﻤﻫ ﻱﻭﺭ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻝﺪﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﻳﺰﻣ ﻲﺘﻨﺳ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺖﻗﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻱﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ
ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻱ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ 10 ﻕﺮﺑ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ
ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻜﻳﺮﻣﺁ ﻪﻜﺒﺷ ﻲﺸﺷﻮﭘ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻪﺳ ﻱﺍ
ﻭ ﻱﺍ ﺭﻮﺤﻣﻩﺩﺎﻬﻧSBM ﻝﺪﻣ
ﻲﺴﺗﻮﺴﺗ ﻭ ﻦﺗ ) 2009 ( ﻝﺎﺳ 1994
1. Nemotoand Goto
ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻭ ﻝﺎﺳ) ﻥﺎﻘﻘﺤﻣ (ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯ ﻩﻭﺩ ﻝﺪﻣ
ﻖﻴﻗﺩ ﺎﻳﻮﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻱﺎﻀﻓ ﺎﺑ ﻱﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺖﻫﺎﺒﺷ ﻭ ﺮﺗ
ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻲﻌﻗﺍﻭﺖﻛﺮﺷ 50 ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺑ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻜﻳﺮﻣﺁ ﻕﺮﺑ ﻝﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ گﺭﺰ ﺎﻳﻮﭘ ﻝﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ
ﺮﻟﻮﻤﻴﮔ ﻥﺍﻭ )1
2009 (
:ﻩﺭﻭﺩ 2000 - 2006 ﻥﺁ
ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻱ
ﺕﺭﺪﻗ ﻪﺑ ﺎﺘﺴﻳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻳﻮﭘ ﻝﺪﻣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
ﻝﺪﻣ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ ﺕﺪﻣﺪﻨﻠﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻳﻮﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺩﺮﻛ ﻩ ﺍ .ﺪﻧ
ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻱ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ 50 ﻕﺮﺑ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ
) 41 ﻭ ﺎﻜﻳﺮﻣﺁ ﻕﺮﺑ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ 9 ﺑ(ﻦﭘﺍژ ﻕﺮﺑ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎ
ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻲﺸﺷﻮﭘ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﺎﻳﻮﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻋﺎﻌﺷﺮﻴﻏ ﻝﺪﻣ) (SBM
ﻭ ﻦﺗ )ﻲﺴﺗﻮﺴﺗ 2010
( -1990 :ﻩﺭﻭﺩ 1996
ﻥﺁ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻭﺩ ﻪﻜﺒﺷ ﻚﻳ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫ ﺩﺮﻛ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻱﺍ
ﻩ ﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧ
ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻱ ﻝﻭﺍ
، ﻊﻤﺟ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻭ ﺪﺋﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﻱﺭﻭﺁ ﻱ
ﻡﻭﺩ
،ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﺎﻫﺪﻧﺎﻤﺴﭘ ﻥﺪﻧﺍﺯﻮﺳ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﻕﺮﺑ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻪ ﺍ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﺪﻧ ﻠﺣﺮﻣ
ﻪ ﻱ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﻝﻭﺍ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺗ
ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻱ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻡﻭﺩ
ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻱ ﻲﻄﻴﺤﻣ ﺖﺴﻳﺯ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ
ﻩﺎﮔﻭﺮﻴﻧ ﺎﻫ ﺪﺋﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻕﺮﺑ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻱ
ﻥﺍﻮﻳﺎﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ
ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻦﭼ
2
) 2012 ( :ﻝﺎﺳ 2006
ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﺮﺑ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻩﺎﮔﻭﺮﻴﻧ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻑﺎﻜﺷ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻥﺎﻜﻣﺍ ﻕﺮﺑ ﻱﺎﺿﺎﻘﺗ ﻭ ﻪﺿﺮﻋ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺩﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺍ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﺕﺍﺮﻤﻧ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ
ﺎﻫ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ
ﻲﻄﻴﺤﻣ ﺖﺴﻳﺯ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ 30ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﭼ ﻕﺮﺑ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻭﺩ ﻪﻜﺒﺷ ﻱﺍ
ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻱژ
3
) 2012 ( -2002 :ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻲﺴﺗﻮﺴﺗ ﻭ ﻦﺗ ﻝﺪﻣ ﺐﻴﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ 2009
) 2009 ﻲﻨﺒﻣ (
ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻝﺪﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻨﻴﻬﺑ ﺏﺍﻮﺟ ﺪﻨﭼ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺮﺑ ﺮﻫ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ
ﻪﻜﺒﺷ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻚﻳ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻱﺍ
ﺩﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ SBM
ﺩﺮﻛ ﻩ ﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻬﻧ ﻭ ﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧ ﺎﻫ
ﻩﺩﺎﺘﺳ ﻭ
ًﺎﻘﻴﻗﺩ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ
ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﺴﺗﻮﺴﺗ ﻭ ﻦﺗ ﻝﺪﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﻲﻣ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻪﻨﻴﻬﺑ ﻁﺎﻘﻧ ﻡﺎﻤﺗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻥﻭﺪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺪﻨﻛ
ﻪﻜﺒﺷ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻲﺣﺍﺮﻃ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﻱﺍ
ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑﻥﺎﻘﻫﺩﺮﻴﻣ ﻭ ﺎﻣﻮﻳﻮﻛﻮﻓ ) 2012 ( ﻝﺎﺳ 2012
ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ﺭﻮﻃ ﺭﻭﺮﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻣ ﻪﻈﺣﻼﻣ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻲﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺷ
ﺩﻮﺷ
، ﺭﺩ ﺩﺭﻮـﻣ
ﻪﻜﺒﺷ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺍ
ﻩﺯﻮﺣ ﻱ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻦﻴﺗﻻ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺗﻻﺎﻘﻣ ،ﻕﺮﺑ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ
، ﻲﻟﻭ
ﻩﺯﻮﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻱ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎـﻛ ﺎـﻳ ﻕﺮـﺑ ﻪﻜﺒـﺷ ﻲـﻄﻴﺤﻣ ﺖﺴﻳﺯ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ،ﻲﻨﻌﻳ) ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻲﺗﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
ﻪﻜﺒﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﺘﺳ ﺭﻮﻀﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺍ ﻲﻛﺪـﻧﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ (ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣﺎﻧ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻧﺍ ﻡﺎـﺠ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻪـﺘﻓﺮﮔ
، ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎـﻨﺑ
ﺖـﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﺰﺋﺎـﺣ ﻲـﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮـﻣ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻅﺎﺤﻟ ﻪﺑ ﻢﻫ ﻭ ﻲﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻅﺎﺤﻟ ﻪﺑ ﻢﻫ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﻜﺒﺷ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ،ﻩﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﺎـﺑ ﻕﺮـﺑ
ﺶﺨﺑ ﻪﻴﻠﻛ ﺭﺩ ﺕﺎﻔﻠﺗ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ) ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣﺎﻧ ﻩﺩﺎﺘﺳ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻞـﺑﺎﻗﺮﻴﻏ ﻱﺮـﻣﺍ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎـﺳ ﻱﺎﻫ
1.Von Geymueller 2. Chen et al.
3. Xie et al.
ﺳﺍ ﺭﺎﻜﻧﺍ ﺎﺗ (ﺖ ﺑ ﻪ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻝﺎﺣ ﻱﺍ
ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻖـﻴﻘﺤﺗ ،ﻲﺘﻳﺮﻳﺪـﻣ ﺪـﻳﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮕﻧ
ﻕﺮﺑ ﻦﻴﻣﺄﺗ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻕﺮﺑ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﺖﻴﻫﺎﻣ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﻅﺎـﺤﻟ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎـﻛ ﻝﺪـﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ،ﻱﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻳﻮﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻥﺁ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﺎﺗ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻦﻳﺍﺯﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻣ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ،ﻭﺭ
ﻲ ﺶـﺨﺑ ﺡﻼـﺻﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻳﺎـﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺪـﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻭ ﺪـﻣﺁﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﺭﺎﻛﺎﻧ ﺍ ﺶﻘﻧ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻕﺮﺑ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ﺪﻣ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ
.ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻱ
3 - ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺵﻭﺭ
3 - 1 - ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻩﺎﮕﻳﺎﭘ ﻲﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﻭ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ
ﻱﺍﺮـﺑ ﻱﺩﺭﻮـﻣ ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻚـﻳ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻱﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﻛ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻚﻳ ،ﻉﻮﻧ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺖﺴﻳﺯ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻲﻄﻴﺤﻣ
ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻕﺮﺑ ﻱ ﺍﺮـﻳﺍ ﻱﺍ
ﻥ ﻪـﺑ ﻲـﻣ ﺭﺎﻤـﺷ ﺩﻭﺭ
ﻑﺪـﻫ .
ﻪﻜﺒـﺷ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎـﻛ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ (ﻊـﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﻭ ﻝﺎـﻘﺘﻧﺍ ،ﺪـﻴﻟﻮﺗ) ﻱﺍ
15 ﻕﺮـﺑ ﺖﻛﺮـﺷ
ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻱﺍ ﻩﺯﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ1
ﻱ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯ 1393 - 1389
2ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺯﺎـﺑ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﺖﻠﻋ . ﻱ
ﻲﻧﺎـﻣﺯ
ﺖﻤﻴﻗ ﻱﺯﺎﺳﺩﺍﺯﺁ ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻱژﺮﻧﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ 1389
ﻕﺮـﺑ ﺖﻛﺮـﺷ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ .ﺖﺳﺍ
ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺎﻨﻤﺳ ﻱﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻪـﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﻲﺳﺮﺘﺳﺩ ﻡﺪﻋ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺶﻴﻛ ﻕﺮﺑ ﻭ ﺏﺁ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﻭ ﻥ ﺎـﻫ
ﻩﺪﺷ ﻑﺬﺣ ﺖـﻴﻫﺎﻣ ﻥﺎﮔﺪـﻨﻨﻛ ﻑﺮـﺼﻣ ﻪـﺑ ﻕﺮـﺑ ﻞـﻳﻮﺤﺗ ﺪـﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﻪـﻜﻨﻳﺍ ﻪـﺑ ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ .ﺪﻧﺍ
ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣﺪﻨﭼ ﻝﺪﻣ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻱﺍ
ﻡﻮﺳﺮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﻱﺎﻫﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ،DEA
ﺮـﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻫDMU
ﻲﻤﻧ ﻪﻜﺒـﺷ ﻝﺪـﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻖـﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ،ﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔ ﺩ ﻲـﺸﺷﻮﭘ ﻞـﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻱﺍ
ﻩﺩﺍ ) ﺎـﻫ ﻱﺍﺮـﺑ (NDEA
ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﻱﺎﻫﺪﻨﻳﺍﺮﻓ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻭ ﻲﻠﻛ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ
ﺎﻫ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻕﺮﺑ ﻱ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻱﺍ
ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻕﺮﺑ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﺮﻫ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲـﻣ ﺶـﺨﺑ ﻪـﺳ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻱﺍ
:ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ 1 - ﺪـﻴﻟﻮﺗ 2 - ﻝﺎـﻘﺘﻧﺍ
3 - .ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﻞﻜﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻕﺮﺑ ﻪﻜﺒﺷ ﻲﻠﻛ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ 1
.ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ
- ﻩﺩﺎﻬﻧ ﻪﺳ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻕﺮﺑ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻱ
ﺳ ﻲﻓﺮﺼﻣ ﺖﺧﻮ ﺖـﻔﻧ ﻭ ﺯﺎـﮔ ،ﻞـﻴﺋﻭﺯﺎﮔ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ)
(ﻩﺭﻮﻛ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺐﺼﻧ ﺖﻴﻓﺮﻇ ،3
ﻱ ﻩﺎﮔﻭﺮﻴﻧ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻭ ﺭﺎـﻛ ﻱﻭﺮـﻴﻧ ﻭ ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮﺳ ﻦﻳﺰﮕﻳﺎﺟ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ
.ﺖﺳﺍ ﺪﻴﺴﻛﺍ ﻱﺩ ﻦﺑﺮﻛ ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﺍ ﻡﺎﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣﺎﻧ ﻩﺩﺎﺘﺳ ﻚﻳ
1 ﺖﻛﺮﺷ . ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻕﺮﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺪﻨﺗﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻱﺍ
ﻥﺎﺘﺴﻴﺳ ،ﻥﺎﺠﻧﺯ ،ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺯﻮﺧ ،ﻥﺎﺳﺍﺮﺧ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ،ﺮﺘﺧﺎﺑ ،ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ،ﻥﺎﺠﻳﺎﺑﺭﺫﺁ :ﺯﺍ ﻭ
ﺩﺰﻳ ﻭ ﻥﺎﮔﺰﻣﺮﻫ ،ﻥﺍﺭﺪﻧﺯﺎﻣ ،ﻥﻼﻴﮔ ،ﻥﺎﻣﺮﻛ ،ﺱﺭﺎﻓ ،ﺏﺮﻏ ،ﻥﺎﺘﺴﭼﻮﻠﺑ 2 ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ . ﺭﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻡﺮﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ GAMS 24.5
.ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ
3 ﺖﺧﻮﺳ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺍ . ﺎﻫ
ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗﺎﺑ ﻲﻓﺮﺼﻣ ﻱ ﻪﻧﻻﺎﺳ ﻲﺗﺭﺍﺮﺣ
ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ ﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﻢﻫ ﻕﺮﺑ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ﻲﻠﻴﺼﻔﺗ ﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ
ﻩﺪﺷ (ﻱﺮﻟﺎﻛﻮﻠﻴﻛ ﺩﺭﺎﻴﻠﻴﻣ) .ﺪﻧﺍ
- ﻩﺩﺎﻬﻧ ﻪﺳ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻝﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻱ
ﻊـﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﻕﻮـﻓ ﻭ ﻝﺎـﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﻁﻮـﻄﺧ ﻝﻮﻃ ،ﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﻭﺮﻴﻧ
1
ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻦﻳﺰﮕﻳﺎﺟ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻕﺮﺑ ﺪﻳﺮﺧ) ﻩﺪﺷ ﻱﺭﺍﺪﻳﺮﺧ ﻕﺮﺑ ﻭ ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮﺳ
ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﺎﻫ ﺭﺍﻮـﺠﻤﻫ ﻱ
ﻩﺩﺎﺘﺳ ﻚﻳ ،(ﻱﺯﺮﻣ ﻥﻭﺮﺑ ﻭ ﻱ
ﻭ ﻝﺎـﻘﺘﻧﺍ ژﺎﺘﻟﻭ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ گﺭﺰﺑ ﻊﻳﺎﻨﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻕﺮﺑ ﺵﻭﺮﻓ ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣ
.ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻞﻘﺘﻨﻣ ﻕﺮﺑ ﺕﺎﻔﻠﺗ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣﺎﻧ ﻩﺩﺎﺘﺳ ﻚﻳ ﻭ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﻕﻮﻓ - ﻩﺩﺎـﻬﻧ ﻪـﺳ ﻞﻣﺎـﺷ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻱ
ﻊـﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﺭﻮﺗﺎﻣﺭﻮﻔـﺴﻧﺍﺮﺗ ﺖـﻴﻓﺮﻇ ،ﺭﺎـﻛ ﻱﻭﺮـﻴﻧ ﻭ
(ﻒﻴﻌـﺿ ﺭﺎﺸﻓ ﻪﻜﺒﺷ ﻝﻮﻃ + ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺭﺎﺸﻓ ﻪﻜﺒﺷ ﻝﻮﻃ) ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﻪﻜﺒﺷ ﻱﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻪـﺑ
ﻥﺍﻮـﻨﻋ
ﻩﺩﺎﺘﺳ ،ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮﺳ ﻦﻳﺰﮕﻳﺎﺟ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻱ
ﻩﺩﺎﺘـﺳ ﻚـﻳ ﻭ ﻚـﭼﻮﻛ ﻥﺎﻳﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺵﻭﺮﻓ ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣ
ﻕﺮـﺑ ،ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻪﻄﺳﺍﻭ ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﻭﺩ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﻠﺗ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﻡﺎﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣﺎﻧ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻩﺎﮔﻭﺮﻴﻧ
ﺎﻫ ﻳﻮﺤﺗ ﻕﺮﺑ ﻭ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻠ
ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻄـﺳﺍﻭ ﻲـﻟﻭﺍ ﻪـﻛ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﻱ
ﻦﻴـﺑ ﻪﻄـﺳﺍﻭ ﻲﻣﻭﺩ ﻭ (ﻝﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻩﺩﺎﻬﻧ ﻭ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻩﺩﺎﺘﺳ) ﻝﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﻭ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺑ ﻩﺩﺎﺘﺳ) ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﻭ ﻝﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻲﻣ (ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻩﺩﺎﻬﻧ ﻭ ﻝﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﺶﺨ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
ﻞﻜﺷ 1.
ﻪﻜﺒﺷ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻱﺍ
ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻕﺮﺑ ﻱ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻱﺍ
) ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺭﺩ 1
(،
ﻪﺻﻼﺧ ﻱ ﻩﺍﺮـﻤﻫ ﻪـﺑ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺮﺑ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ
ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ
ﻝﻭﺍ ﻥﻮﺘﺳ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ
، ﺶـﺨﺑ ﻩﺪـﻨﻫﺩ ﻥﺎـﺸﻧ ﺐـﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪـﺑ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﻭ ﻝﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ،ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻡﻭﺩ ﻥﻮﺘﺳ ﻭ
، ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻡﺎﻧ ﻩﺩﺎﻬﻧ)
- ﺏﻮـﻠﻄﻣ ﻩﺩﺎﺘـﺳ -
ﻩﺩﺎﺘـﺳ
ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣﺎﻧ - ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺍﺭ (ﻪﻄﺳﺍﻭ ﻡﻮﺳ ﻥﻮﺘﺳ .ﺪﻫﺩ
، ﻧ ﻡﻭﺩ ﻥﻮﺘـﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﻲﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺩﺎﻤ
1 ﻝﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﻁﻮﻄﺧ ﺖﻴﻓﺮﻇ . 230
ﻭ 400 ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﻕﻮﻓ ﻁﻮﻄﺧ ﺖﻴﻓﺮﻇ ﻭ ﺖﻟﻭ ﻮﻠﻴﻛ 66
، 63 ﻭ 132 .ﺖﺳﺍ ﺖﻟﻭ ﻮﻠﻴﻛ
