ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻲﺒﻠﻄﻣ :
ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
Magnaporthe grisea (Hebert) Barr
...
۷۳
ﻪﻠﺠﻣ ﻩﺎﻴﮔ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ
ﺩ ﻩﺭﻭ ۴۰ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ، ۱ ، ۱۳۸۸ ) ۸۴ ‐ ۷۳ (
ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ Magnaporthe grisea (Hebert) Barr
ﺯﺮﻫ ﻒﻠﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻩﺮﻴﺗ Poaceae ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ
ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺎﻫ ﻟﻮﮑﻟﻮﻣ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﻭ ﻲﺸﻳﻭﺭ ﻱﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳ ﻱ ﻲ
rep-PCR
ﺒﻠﻄﻣ ﻮﺘﺳﺮﭘ
۱ﻲ ﻧ ﻥﺍﻮﺟ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ، ﻴ
ﻩﺍﻮﺨﮑ
*۲
، ﺳ ﻴ ﺕﻮﺧﺍ ﺩﻮﻤﺤﻣ ﺪ ﻠﺧ ،۳
ﻴ ﺩﺮﺑ ﻞ ﻱ ﺣﻮﺘﻓ ﻲ
۴ﺮﻓ
ﮐ ﻭ ﻴ ﺮﻔﻨﻀﻏ ﻥﺍﻮ
۵ﻱ
۱
، ۲
، ۳
، ۴
، ۵ ، ﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻱ ﺳﺎﻨﺷﺭﺎﮐ ﻲ ،ﺪﺷﺭﺍ ﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻴ ﺩﺎﺘﺳﺍ ،ﺭﺎ
، ﺩﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﻳ ﺱﺎﻨﺷﺭﺎﮐ ﻭ ﺭﺎ
ﺩﺮﭘ ﻳ ﺯﺭﻭﺎﺸﮐ ﺲ ﻱ
ﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻭ ﻴ ﻌ ﻲ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ
) ﺖﻓﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ :
۲۹ / ۱۱ / ۸۷
‐ ﺐﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ :
۲۵ / ۱ / ۸۸ (
ﻩﺪﻴﮑﭼ
ﺭﻮﭙﺳﺍ ﮏﺗ ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﻞﻬﭼ
Magnaporthe grisea
ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ، ﻩﻭﺮﮔ
ﺎﻫ ﻭ ﻲﺸﻳﻭﺭ ﻱﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳ ﻱ
ﻱﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﺖﺸﮕﻧﺍ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻲﮑﻴﺘﻧﮊ ﻉﻮﻨﺗ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ DNA
rep-PCR
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ .
ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﺎﻫ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ ١٣٨٢ ‐ ١٣٨٤ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻒﻠﻋ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻩﺮﻴﺗ ﻣﺍﺮﮔ ﻴ ﻪﻨ ﺘﺸﮕﻧﺍ ﻒﻠﻋ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻲ
(Digitaria sanguinalis)
، ﻫﺎﺑﻭﺭ ﻡﺩ ﻥﺯﺭﺍ
(Setaria italica) ﻲ ﻑﻭﺭﻮﺳ ،
(Echinochloa crus-galli)
ﻭ
ﻧ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻒﻠﻋ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻣﺎ
ﻊﻤﺟ ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻱﺭﻭﺁ ﺪﻧ
ﻥﻮﻴﺴﻜﻠﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ
ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻭ ﻱﺯﺭﻭﺎﺸﮐ ﺲﻳﺩﺮﭘ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ
ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺪﺷ ﻱﺭﺍﺪﻬﮕﻧ
ﺪﻧ . ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ
ﺎﻫ
،ﻲﺸﻳﻭﺭ ﻱﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳ ﻱ ﻥﺎﮕﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺶﻬﺟ
ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﺭﺩ nit
ﻱﻭﺎﺣ ﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣ ٦
% ‐ ٥ % ﺕﺍﺮﻠﻛ ﻭ ﻱﺯﺎﺳﺍﺪﺟ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺶﻬﺟ ﻱﺯﺎﺳ ﻞﻤﻜﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
nit ﻱﺎﻫ ﺕﻻﺎﺣ ﻡﺎﻤﺗ ﺭﺩ
ﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻱﻭﺭ ﻦﻜﻤﻣ .
ﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻪﺳ ﻱ
ﻲﺸﻳﻭﺭ ،VCG1
ﻭ VCG2
ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ VCG3
ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﺎﻫ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗ .
ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺎﺑ VCG1
٢٩ ﺩﻮﺑ ﺐﻟﺎﻏ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ،ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ .
ﻭ ﻲﮑﻴﺘﻧﮊ ﻉﻮﻨﺗ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ
ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻥﺎﻣﺩﻭﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻤﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ ﻲﻧﻮﻠﮐ ﻱ ﻪﻌﻄﻗ ﻱﺎﻫﺪﻴﺗﻮﺌﻠﮐﻮﻧ ﻲﻟﺍﻮﺗ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺮﮔﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﻭﺩ ﺯﺍ ،ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﺖﻴﻌ
ﻭ ERIC
ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ،ﻩﺪﺷ ﻲﺣﺍﺮﻃ BOX
. ﺕﺎﻌﻄﻗ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻲﻟﻮﻃ ﺎﺑ DNA
٤٢٠ ﺎﺗ ٣٠٠٠ ﺮﻴﺜﻜﺗ ﺯﺎﺑ ﺖﻔﺟ
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ . ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﻮﻠﮐ ﻥﺎﻣﺩﻭﺩ ﺶﺷ ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ
ﺎﻫ ﻑﻭﺮﺣ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ،A
،B
،C
،D
ﻭ E
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ F
.
ﻲﻧﻮﻠﮐ ﻥﺎﻣﺩﻭﺩ ﺩﻭﺪﺣ ﻲﻧﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓ ﺎﺑ A
٥ / ٦٢ % ﺩﺍﺩ ﻞﻴﮑﺸﺗ ﺍﺭ ﺐﻟﺎﻏ ﻲﻧﻮﻠﮐ ﻥﺎﻣﺩﻭﺩ .
ﺮﺑ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ
ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻑﻼﺧ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ
ﺎﻫ ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﻪﮐ ﻲﺸﻳﻭﺭ ﻱﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳ ﻱ ﻫﺎﺑﻭﺭ ﻡﺩ ﻥﺯﺭﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲ ﺘﺸﮕﻧﺍ ﻒﻠﻋ ﻭ ﻲ
ﻢﻫ ﺎﺑ
ﺎﺑ ﺮﮕﻳﺪﮑﻳ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻟﻮﮑﻟﻮﻣ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻲﮑﻴﺘﻧﮊ ﻉﻮﻨﺗ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﺭﺩ ،ﺪﻧﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﻮﻳﺭﺎﮐﻭﺮﺘﻫ ﻞﻴﮑﺸﺗ ٤٠
% ﮏﻴﮑﻔﺗ ﺖﻫﺎﺒﺷ
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ . ﺵﻭﺭ ﻭﺩ ﺮﻫ ﺘﻧﮊ ﻉﻮﻨﺗ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ
ﻴ ﮑ ﻲ ﻤﮐ ﻲ ﻌﻤﺟ ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻴ
ﻭﺭ ﺭﺩ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﺖ ﻱ
ﻒﻠﻋ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺯﺮﻫ
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ .
ﻩﮊﺍﻭ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻠﮐ ﻴ ﺪ ﻱ :
Pyricularia grisea
ﺶﻬﺟ ، ﻳ ﻥﺎﮕﺘﻓﺎ ،nit
ﻥﺎﻣﺩﻭﺩ ،ﻩﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﺭﺍﺮﮑﺗ DNA
ﻧﻮﻠﮐ ﻲ .
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ
ﭺﺭﺎﻗ
Magnaporthe grisea (Hebert) Barr
ﻑﺭﻮﻣﺎﻧﺁ]
:
[Pyricularia grisea (Cooke) Sacc. ﻚﻳ
ﺖﺴﻴﻣﻮﻜﺳﺁ
ﺯﺍ ﻚﻴﻟﺎﺗﻭﺮﺘﻫ ﻩﺩﺭ
Sordariomycetes
ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﻭ
Magnaporthaceae
ﻲﻣ
(Lumbsch & Huhndorf, ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
2007)
. ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻥﻮﻨﻛﺎﺗ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺖﺳﻼﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ
ﻭ ﺞﻧﺮﺑ ﻱﻭﺭ ﻲﮔﺮﺑ ﻪﻜﻟ
ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻱﻭﺭ ﻱ
ﺯﺍ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻬﻔﻠﻋ ﻩﺮﻴﺗ
ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺍﺮﮔ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ
(Valent, 1997; Couch &
ﻝﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻩﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ *
: ﻩﺍﻮﺨﻜﻴﻧ ﻥﺍﻮﺟ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﻦﻔﻠﺗ
: ۴۵۴۹۰۶۸
‐ ۰۹۱۲
E-mail:jnikkhah@ut.ac.ir
۷۴ ﻪﻠﺠﻣ
ﻩﺎﻴﮔ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ
ﺩ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻩﺭﻭ ۴۰ ، ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ۱ ، ۱۳۸۸
Kohn, 2002)
. ﺯﺍ ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ ﻦﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﻉﻮﻗﻭ
Pyricularia grisea
(Cooke) Sacc.
ﺯﺮﻫ ﻒﻠﻋ ﻱﻭﺭ
Lolium perenne
ﻪﺑ
ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﻜﻟ ﻱﺮﺘﺴﮐﺎﺧ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻴﻧﺍﻮﻠﻴﺴﻨﭘ ﺯﺍ
١٩٩٢ ﺩﻮﺑ
(Landschoot & Hoyland, 1992)
. ﺵﻭﺭ ﻦﻳﺪﻨﭼ ﻥﻮﻨﻛﺎﺗ
ﻲﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ
ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ ﻪﻛ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ
ﻳ ﻦ
ﺵﻭﺭ ﻧﺮﺑ ﻡﻭﺎﻘﻣ ﻡﺎﻗﺭﺍ ﻲﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﺎﻫ ﻲﻣ ﺖﺳﻼﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺞ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﺎﻣﺍ
ﺖﻠﻋ ﻪﺑ ،ﻡﻭﺎﻘﻣ ﻡﺎﻗﺭﺍ ﺡﻼﺻﺍ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﺖﺳﻼﺑ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻱﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﺖﻴﻘﻓﻮﻣ ،ﻪﻋﺭﺰﻣ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺖﻣﻭﺎﻘﻣ ﺖﺴﻜﺷ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ
(Ou, 1985; Ziegler, 1998)
. ﻱﺩﺪﻌﺘﻣ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ
ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﻲﻜﻴﺘﻧﮊ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺖﻟﺎﺧﺩ ﺎﻫ
ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﺍ
M. grisea
ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺮﻳﺬﭘﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻲﻜﻴﺘﻧﮊ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻱﺎﻫﺩﺍﮋﻧ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺘﺴﻜﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻱﺍﺯ
ﻦ
ﻢﻗﺭ ﻥﺪﻣﺁ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﺑ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺪﻨﭼ ﻲﻃ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﺑﺰﻴﻣ ﺖﻣﻭﺎﻘﻣ ﻲﻣ ﻡﻭﺎﻘﻣ
(Hebert, 1971)ﺩﺩﺮﮔ .
ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﻦﻴﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ
ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﻭ ﻉﻮﻨﺗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻭ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﺘﻧﮊ
ﻴ ﻲﮑ ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻱﺪﻴﻔﻣ ﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﮏﻤﮐ
ﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﻦﻳﻻ ﺩ ﻡﻭﺎﻘﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧﮊ ﻪﻤﻫ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺏﻮﺴﺤﻣ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺩﺩﺮﮔ . ﻲﺸﻳﻭﺭ ﻱﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳ ﻭ
ﻲﻗﻼﺗ ﺮﺛﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻥﻮﻳﺭﺎﻛﻭﺮﺘﻫ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ
ﻡﻮﻴﻠﺴﻴﻣ ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺯﻭﺮﺑ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ ﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﺭﺩ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺎﻫ . ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺎﻫ ﻲﺸﻳﻭﺭ ﻱﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳ ﻱ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ،١
ﺭﺍﺪﻳﺎﭘ ﻥﻮﻳﺭﺎﻛﻭﺮﺘﻫ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﻌﻤﺟ ﺭﺩ
ﻴ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﺖ ﺎﻫ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻭ
ﻥﻮﻳﺭﺎﻛﻭﺮﺘﻫ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﭘ ﻴ ﺪﻧﻮ ) ﺯﻮﻣﻮﺘﺳﺎﻧﺁ ( ﻒﻴﻫ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻞﻟﺁ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ
ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﺴﻜﻳ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺱﻮﻛﻮﻟ ﻡﺎﻤﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ
٢vic
ﻥﻮﻳﺭﺎﻛﻭﺮﺘﻫ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ
ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺭﺍﺪﻳﺎﭘ ﻭ
ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﺸﻳﻭﺭ ﻱﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻚﻳ ﺭﺩ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔ
(Leslie, 1993) Genovesi & MaGill.
(1976)
ﻭ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ
Crowford et al.
(1986)
ﺑ ﻥﺩﺍﺩ ﻲﻗﻼﺗ ﺎ ﺶﻬﺟ
ﻥﺎﮕﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻱﺍﺭﻭﺎﻣ ﺭﻮﻧ ﺮﺛﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﻑﻭﺮﺗﻮﺴﻛﺍ ٣
ﺭﺩ ﺶﻔﻨﺑ
ﭺﺭﺎﻗ
M. grisea
ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻨﻓ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﹰﺎﺘﺒﺴﻧ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺪﻧﺩﺮﻛ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺍﺭ ﺐﻴﻛﺮﺗﻮﻧ ﻭ
ﻥﮊ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻱﺎﻫ
vic
ﺪﻳﺪﭘ ﺯﻭﺮﺑ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﺖﻠﻋ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺒﻧ ﻝﺎﻌﻓ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﺭﺩ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﻜﻤﻣ ﻩ
ﻢﺴﻴﻟﺍﻮﺸﻜﺳﺍﺭﺎﭘ ﺍﺭ ﻲﺒﻴﻛﺮﺗﻮﻧ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻧﺍﺩ ٤
. ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻱﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺶﻬﺟ
ﻥﺎﮕﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻑﻭﺮﺗﻮﺴﻛﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺩﻮﺧ
ﻱﺩﻮﺧ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ
M. grisea
،ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ
Correll et al.
(2000)
ﻭ ﺱﺍﺰﻧﺎﮐﺭﺍ ﺖﻟﺎﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ
Javan-Nikkhah (2002)
ﺭﺩ
1. Vegetative Compatibility Groups
2. Vegetative incompatibility 3. Mutants
4. Parasexualism
ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻲﺠﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻥﮊ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﻝﺎﻌﻓ ﺹﻮﺼﺧ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﺭﺩ vic
M. grisea
ﺪﻧﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ .
ﺵﻭﺭ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣ ﻲﻟﻮﮑﻟﻮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖﺸﮕﻧﺍ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ DNA
ﻱﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﻲﮑﻴﺘﻧﮊ ﻉﻮﻨﺗ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﺑﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ DNA
ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ﻱﺪﻨﻣﺩﻮﺳ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻭ ﻪﺘﻓﺭ ﺭﺎﮑﺑ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ
(Levy et al., 1993; Kachroo et al., 1994;
Kumar et al., 1999;)
.
ﻪﻛ ﻲﺗﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻕﺎﻔﺗﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺐﻳﺮﻗ ﺮﺜﻛﺍ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ
ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ
M. grisea
ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺎﻴﻧﺩ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻁﺎﻘﻧ
ﺖﺸﮕﻧﺍ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﮕﻧ
ﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﻚﻤﻛ ﻪﺑ DNA
ﺮﺑ RFLP
ﻪﻳﺎﭘ ﻲﻟﺍﻮﺗ ﻩﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﺭﺍﺮﮑﺗ ﻱﺪﻴﺗﻮﺌﻠﮐﻮﻧ
MGR586
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ
(Zeigler et al., 1998) Farman .
(2002)
ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ
ﺵﻭﺭ ﺖﺸﮕﻧﺍ ﻭ RFLP
ﻱﺎﻫﺮﮕﺷﻭﺎﮐ ﺎﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﮕﻧ
MGR586
،
RETRO5 MAGGYﻭ
ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ
P. grisea ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻱﻭﺭ ﻱﺮﺘﺴﮐﺎﺧ ﻪﮑﻟ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻪﮐ
Lolium perenne
ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ
ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﺘﺸﮕﻧﺍ ﻒﻠﻋ
، ﻡﺩ ﻥﺯﺭﺍ
ﻲﻫﺎﺑﻭﺭ ﺪﻧﺰﻳﺎﻤﺘﻣ ﺞﻧﺮﺑ ﺎﻳ
George et al. .
(1998)
ﻮﮕﻟﺍ ﺎﺑ
ﻥﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻩﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﺭﺍﺮﮑﺗ ﻲﻟﺍﻮﺗ
ﻲﻟﻮﻜﻟﻮﻣ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ ،Pot2
rep-PCR
ﻪﻌﻄﻗ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣ٥
ﻩﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﺭﺍﺮﻜﺗ DNA
ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ
ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻲﻨﻳﺰﮕﻳﺎﺟ ﺖﺸﮕﻧﺍ ﺖﻬﺟ RFLP
ﻱﺭﺎﮕﻧ
DNA
ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﻲﻜﻴﺘﻧﮊ ﻉﻮﻨﺗ ﻭ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ
ﺎﻫ ﻲﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﺪﻧﺩﺮﻛ .
ﻦﻳﺪﻨﭼ ﻥﻮﻨﮐﺎﺗ ﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
ﻪ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ
ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ
ﭺﺭﺎﻗ
M. grisea
ﻲﻟﺍﻮﺗ ﻥﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻮﮕﻟﺍ ﺎﺑ ﮏﻤﮐ ﻪﺑ Pot2
ﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ
rep-PCR
ﻩﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺎﻴﻧﺩ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻁﺎﻘﻧ ﺭﺩ
(George et al., 1998; Correll et al., 2000; ﺖﺳﺍ
Prabhu et al., 2002; Suzuki et al., 2006)
. ،ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ
Javan-Nikkhah et al.
(2004)
ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﻱﺎﻫ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ
M. grisea
ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ﻲﻟﺍﻮﺗ ﻥﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻮﮕﻟﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺞﻧﺮﺑ ﺯﺍ
ﻭPot2
ﺮﺑ
ﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﻟﻮﻜﻟﻮﻣ
rep-PCR ﻲ ﺪﻧﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ
.
Bargnil (2007)
ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﻱﺎﻫ
M. grisea
ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ
ﺯﺍ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺍﺮﮔ ﻩﺮﻴﺗ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻒﻠﻋ ﻱﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ
ﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ
ﻲﻟﻮﮑﻟﻮﻣ ﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ RAPD
Vera Cruz et al..
(1996)
ﻲﺣﺍﺮﻃ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﮔﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﻚﻤﻛ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻟﺍﻮﺗ ﻱﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ
ﻡﺎﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﺭﺍﺮﻜﺗ DNA REP ﻱﺎﻫ
ERIC ،
BOX ﻭ ﺭﺩ
ﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ
rep-PCR
ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺳﺍ ﻲﮕﺘﺧﻮﺳ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺞﻧﺮﺑ ﻲﺋﺎﻳﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ ﺪﻧﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺍﺭ ٦
. ﺮﺑ ﻩﻭﻼﻋ
5. Repetitive element-based PCR
6. Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae
ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻲﺒﻠﻄﻣ :
ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
Magnaporthe grisea (Hebert) Barr
...
۷۵
ﻱﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ،ﺎﻫ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺮﻴﺧﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
rep-PCR
ﻚﻤﻛ ﻪﺑ
ﻲﺣﺍﺮﻃ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﮔﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﻱﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ
ﻲﻟﺍﻮﺗ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺗﻮﺌﻠﮐﻮﻧ ﻴ ﻱﺪ
ﻕﻮﻓ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﻲﻜﻴﺘﻧﮊ ﻉﻮﻨﺗ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺑﻮﺨﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻲ
ﺖﺳﺍ
Jedryczka et al. .
(1999)
ﺭﺩ ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﻥﺎﺘﺴﻬﻟ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﭺﺭﺎﻗ
Leptosphaeria maculans
ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺍﺭ
ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻦﻴﺴﻛﻮﺗ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ،ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺒﻧ ﻦﻴﺴﻛﻮﺗ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ
ﺖﺸﮕﻧﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﻥﺁ DNA
ﺎﻫ ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻚﻴﻜﻔﺗ ﻕﻮﻓ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻧ
.
McDonald et al.
(2000)
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻱﺎﻫ
Tilletia
ﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ
ﺖﺸﮕﻧﺍ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﮕﻧ
ﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﺭﺩ DNA rep-PCR
ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻢﻫ ﺎﺑ
ﻚﻴﺘﻧﮊﻮﻠﻴﻓ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻥﺁ
ﺎﻫ ﺪﻧﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺍﺭ .
ﻩﺪﻤﻋ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ
ﺎﻫ ﻱ
،ﻲﺸﻳﻭﺭ ﻱﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳ ﺖﺸﮕﻧﺍ
ﻱﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻭ DNA
ﻥﺎﻣﺩﻭﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻲﻧﻮﻠﮐ ﻱ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ١
ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﺎﻫ ﻱ
M. grisea
ﻪﺑ
ﺖﺳﺩ ﻩﺮﻴﺗ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻒﻠﻋ ﻱﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺍﺮﮔ
ﺩﻮﺑ .
ﺵﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ
ﺎﻫ
ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﺎﻫ ﻱ M. grisea
ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺍ
۴۰ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺭﻮﭙﺳﺍ ﮏﺗ ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ
M.
grisea
ﻪﮐ ﻱﺎﻬﻟﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ١٣٨٢
‐ ١٣٨٤ ﺯﺍ ﻔﻠﻋ ﻱﺎﻬ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ
ﻲﺘﺸﮕﻧﺍ ﻒﻠﻋ
Digitaria sanguinalis) (
، ﺩ ﻥﺯﺭﺍ ﻲﻫﺎﺑﻭﺭ ﻡ
Setaria italica) (
ﻑﻭﺭﻮﺳ ،
Echinochloa crus-galli) (
ﻭ
ﻱﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺎﻧ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻒﻠﻋ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻣ
ﻪﮐ ﻥﻮﻴﺴﻜﻠﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ
،ﻲﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻭ ﻱﺯﺭﻭﺎﺸﮐ ﺲﻳﺩﺮﭘ
ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻱﺭﺍﺪﻬﮕﻧ
ﻣ ﻲ ﺷ ﻧﻮ ﺪ ، ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ
) ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ١ .(
ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ
ﺎﻫ ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺸﻳﻭﺭ ﻱﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳ ﻱ ﻱﺎﻫ
M. grisea
ﺶﻬﺟ ﻱﺯﺎﺳﺍﺪﺟ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﮕﺘﻓﺎﻳ
٢nit
) ﺕﺭﺪﻗ ﺪﻗﺎﻓ
ﺕﺍﺮﺘﻴﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ (
ﻪﻘﻠﺣ ، ﻡﻮﻴﻠﺴﻴﻣ ﺪﺟﺍﻭ ﺭﺎﮔﺁ ﻚﭼﻮﻛ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻠﻴﻣ ﺞﻨﭘ ﺎﺗ ﻪﺳ ﺮﻄﻗ ﻪﺑ ﺞﻨﭘ ﺎﺗ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻪﻨﮔﺮﭘ ﻪﻴﺷﺎﺣ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﻣ
ﻲﻳﺍﺬﻏ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻱﻭﺭ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﻩﺯﻭﺭ ﻚﺘﺸﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺍﺪﺟ PDA
ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﺖﺸﻫ ﻱﺮﺘﭘ ﻲﻳﺍﺬﻏ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻱﻭﺎﺣ ﻱﺮﺘﻣ
ﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣ ﻪﮐ ٣
۵۰ ‐ ۶۰ ﻢﻴﺳﺎﺘﭘ ﺕﺍﺮﻠﮐ ﺮﺘﻴﻟ ﺭﺩ ﻡﺮﮔ
(KClO3) ﻪﻓﺎﺿﺍ ﻥﺁ ﻪﺑ
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻞﻘﺘﻨﻣ ،ﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ .
ﺮﻳﺯ ﺕﺭﻮﺼﺑ ﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﺐﻴﮐﺮﺗ
(Harp & Correll, 1998) ﺩﻮﺑ :
،ﺯﻭﺮﺘﺴﮐﺩ ۱۰
ﻡﺮﮔ
؛
1. Clonal lineages
2. Nitrate non-utilizing 3. Minimal medium K2HPO4
، ۱ ﻡﺮﮔ
KH2PO4 ؛ ، ١ ﻡﺮﮔ
MgSO4.7H2O ؛
،
٥ / ٠ ﻡﺮﮔ
CaCl2.H2O ؛ ،
۱ / ۰ ﻡﺮﮔ
NaNO3 ؛ ، ۲ ﻡﺮﮔ
؛
ﻝﻮﻠﺤﻣ
B-Complex vitamin
، ١٠ ﻲﻠﻴﻣ ﺮﺘﻴﻟ
؛ ﻝﻮﻠﺤﻣ
Trace element
، ٢ / ٠ ﺮﺘﻴﻟ ﻲﻠﻴﻣ
؛ ﻝﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﻦﻫﺁ ﺕﺎﻔﻟﻮﺳ
،
٢ / ٠ ﻲﻠﻴﻣ ﺮﺘﻴﻟ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻁﻮﻠﺨﻣ ﻢﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻩﺰﻴﻧﻮﻳﺩ ﺏﺁ ﺮﺘﻴﻟ ﮏﻳ ﻭ .
ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ۱۴ ﻲﻟﺍ ۱۸ ﺯﻭﺭ ﻱﺎﻣﺩ ﺭﺩ ٢٥˚C
ﺭﺩ ﺭﻮﺗﺎﺑﻮﻜﻧﺍ ﻥﻭﺭﺩ
ﻲﻜﻳﺭﺎﺗ ، ﻡﻮﻴﻠﺴﻴﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳﺪﺷﺭ ﺭﻮﺘﻜﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻡﻮﺳﻮﻣ
ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ٤
ﻪﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﻪﻨﮔﺮﭘ ﮐ ﻱﻭﺎﺣ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻱﻭﺭ
ﻢﻴﺳﺎﺘﭘ ﺕﺍﺮﻠ ﺐﻌﺸﻨﻣ
ﺪﺷ ﺪﻧ ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻑﻭﺮﺗﻮﺴﻛﺍ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻭ
، ﻪﻴﺷﺎﺣ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺪﺟ ﻪﻨﮔﺮﭘ
ﺪﻧﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻭ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣ
ﺭﺩ ﻪﺘﻔﻫ ﻚﻳ ﺕﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﻞﻘﺘﻨﻣ
ﺭﻮﺗﺎﺑﻮﻜﻧﺍ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ٢٥ ˚C
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻱﺭﺍﺪﻬﮕﻧ .
ﻉﺎﻄﻗ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ
ﻥﻭﺪﺑ ﻩﺩﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻪﻨﮔﺮﭘ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺘﻣﺮﻴﻏ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻢﻛ ﻲﻳﺍﻮﻫ ﻡﻮﻴﻠﺴﻴﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻳ ﻭ ﻲﻳﺍﻮﻫ ﻡﻮﻴﻠﺴﻴﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ
ﺶﻬﺟ ﻥﺎﮕﺘﻓﺎﻳ
nit X
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ
(Correll et al.,
1987)
. ﺍ ﻳ ﺶﻬﺟ ﻦ ﻳ
ﻑﻭﺮﺗﻮﺴﮐﺍ ﺕﺯﺍ ﻊﺒﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻥﺎﮕﺘﻓﺎ
ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ . ﺶﻬﺟ ﻲﭙﻴﺗﻮﻨﻓ ﭗﻴﺗ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻥﺎﮕﺘﻓﺎﻳ
nit
ﺶﻬﺟ ﻲﭙﻴﺗﻮﻨﻓ ﺕﺎﻴﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﻥﺎﮕﺘﻓﺎﻳ
ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ nit
ﺯﺍ ﻚﻳ ﺮﻫ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻩﻮﺤﻧ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻥﺁ
ﺎﻫ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻱﻭﺭ ﻲﻗﺍﺮﺘﻓﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﭼ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ ﻱﻭﺎﺣ ﺕﺯﺍ ﻊﺒﻨﻣ ﺭﺎﻬ
ﺤﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻴ ﺍﺬﻏ ﻂ ﻲﻳ ﻧ ﻴ ﺕﺍﺮﺘ
ﻻﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺭﻮﮐﺬﻣ ﺤﻣ ،
ﻴ ﺍﺬﻏ ﻂ ﻲﻳ ﻧ ﻴ ﺮﺘ ﻳ ﻭﺎﺣ ﺖ ﻱ ﺤﻣ ﻴ ﺍﺬﻏ ﻂ ﻲﻳ
ﺎﺑ ﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣ ٢
/ ٠ ﻟ ﺭﺩ ﻡﺮﮔ ﻴ
ﻧ ﺮﺘ ﻴ ﺮﺘ ﻳ ﺪﺳ ﺖ ﻳ ﺤﻣ ،ﻢ ﻴ ﺍﺬﻏ ﻂ ﻲﻳ
ﻫ ﻴ ﺘﻧﺍﺰﮔﻮﭙ ﻴ ﻭﺎﺣ ﻦ ﻱ ﺤﻣ ﻴ ﺍﺬﻏ ﻂ ﻲﻳ ﺎﺑ ﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣ ٢
/ ٠ ﺭﺩ ﻡﺮﮔ
ﻟﻴ ﻫ ﺮﺘ ﻴ ﺘﻧﺍﺰﮔﻮﭙ ﻴ ﺎﻬﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻦ ﻳ
ﺤﻣ ﺖ ﻴ ﺍﺬﻏ ﻂ ﻲﻳ ﻧﻮﻣﺁ ﻴ ﻭﺎﺣ ﻡﻮ ﻱ
ﺤﻣ ﻴ ﺍﺬﻏ ﻂ ﻲﻳ ﺎﺑ ﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣ ١
ﻟ ﺭﺩ ﻡﺮﮔ ﻴ ﻧﻮﻣﺁ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺗﺭﺎﺗ ﺮﺘ ﻴ
ﻡﻮ
ﻣ ﻲ ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻭ
ﺶﻬﺟ ﻥﺎﮕﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻪﺳ ﺭﺩ nit
ﻡﺎﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻲﭙﻴﺗﻮﻨﻓ ﻱﺎﻫ
nit 1
) ﻲﻧﮊ ﻩﺎﮕﻳﺎﺟ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻬﺟ ﻚﻳ
ﺕﺍﺮﺘﻴﻧ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛﺎﻴﺣﺍ ﻢﻳﺰﻧﺁ ﻲﻧﺎﻤﺘﺧﺎﺳ (
nit 3 ، ) ﺭﺩ ﺶﻬﺟ ﻚﻳ
ﺕﺍﺮﺘﻴﻧ ﻑﺮﺼﻣ ﺮﻴﺴﻣ ﻲﺻﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﻲﻤﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﻲﻧﮊ ﻩﺎﮕﻳﺎﺟ (
ﻭ
ﻩﺮﺧﻻﺎﺑ
Nit M
) ﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣ ﻚﻳ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻬﺟ ﺞﻨﭘ
ﻲﻧﮊ ﻩﺎﮕﻳﺎﺟ
ﻪﻣﺯﻻ ﻪﻛ ﻥﺪﺒﻴﻟﻮﻣ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺎﻓﻮﻛ ﺖﺧﺎﺳﺭﺩ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﺕﺍﺮﺘﻴﻧ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛﺀﺎﻴﺣﺍ ﻢﻳﺰﻧﺁ (
ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ
(Landschoot & Hoyland, 1992)
.
ﺶﻬﺟ ﻲﻗﻼﺗ ﻥﺎﮕﺘﻓﺎﻳ
ﺮﮕﻳﺪﻜﻳ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﺮﻫ nit
ﺶﻬﺟ ﻲﭙﻴﺗﻮﻨﻓ ﭗﻴﺗ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ،ﻥﺎﮕﺘﻓﺎﻳ
ﻱﺎﻫnit
ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻱﻭﺭ ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﺮﻫ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ﺣ
ﻞﻗﺍﺪ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻲﻗﻼﺗ
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ . ﻪﻘﻠﺣ ﻪﻛ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺞﻨﭘ ﺎﺗ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﺭﺎﮔﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ
5. Sector
۷۶ ﻪﻠﺠﻣ
ﻩﺎﻴﮔ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ
ﺩ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻩﺭﻭ ۴۰ ، ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ۱ ، ۱۳۸۸
ﻲﻠﻴﻣ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺶﻬﺟ ﺮﻫ ﺯﺍ ﻡﻮﻴﻠﺴﻴﻣ ﺪﺟﺍﻭ ﻱﺮﺘﻣ ٢
ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻱﻭﺭ ،ﻢﻫ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﻣ ﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣ
ﮏﺘﺸﺗ ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ
ﺮﺘﭘ
cm ﻱ ۸ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻜﺗ ﻪﺳ ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﺮﻫ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ
ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ .
ﻦﻴﺑ ﻥﻮﻳﺭﺎﻛﻭﺮﺘﻫ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﻪﻛ ﺎﺠﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ
nit 1
ﻭ
Nit M
ﻊﻳﺮﺳ ﻲﻣ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺮﺗ ﹰﺎﺤﻴﺟﺮﺗ ،ﺩﻮﺷ
ﻲﻗﻼﺗ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ
Nit M nit 1× ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﺭﻮﻀﺣ ﻡﺪﻋ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺭﺩ ﻭ
Nit M
ﻦﻴﺑ ،
nit 1 nit 3 ﻭ ﺭﻮﻀﺣ ﻡﺪﻋ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺭﺩ ﻭ
nit 1
ﻦﻴﺑ ،
Nit M
ﻭ
nit 3
ﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ .
ﺎﻬﮑﺘﺸﺗ ﺍ ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻳ
ﻱﺎﻣﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺭﻮﺗﺎﺑﻮﻜﻨ
٢٥ ˚C
ﺕﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻜﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺭﺩ ١٤
ﺯﻭﺭ ﺭﺍﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﻱ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ . ﺭﺩ
ﻑﻭﺮﺗﻮﺗﻭﺮﭘ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻭ ﻲﻗﻼﺗ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ )
ﺗ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻴ ﺸﺣﻭ ﭗ ﻲ (
ﻡﻮﻴﻠﺴﻴﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻞﺤﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻬﺟ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻪﺑ ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﻥﺁ ،ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ
ﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳﺩﻮﺧ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻭ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ
ﻞﻤﻜﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
١ﻱﺯﺎﺳ
ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﻥﺁ ،ﻑﻭﺮﺗﻮﺗﻭﺮﭘ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻡﺪﻋ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺪﺷ ﻱﺭﺍﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳﺎﻧﺩﻮﺧ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ٢
ﻞﻤﻜﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻱﺯﺎﺳ
ﺣ ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻑﺬ .
ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺎﻫ ﻲﺸﻳﻭﺭ ﻱﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳ ﻱ (VCGs)
ﺶﻬﺟ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﮕﺘﻓﺎﻳ
ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﻴﻬﺗ nit
ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻒﻠﻋ
ﻞﺒﻗ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻤﻫ ﻱﻭﺭ
ﺤﻣ ﻴ ﻂ
ﺎﻬﮑﺘﺸﺗ ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣ ﻱ
ﺮﺘﭘ
cm ﻱ ۸ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻲﻗﻼﺗ ﻢﻫ ﺎﺑ
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ . ﻲﻗﻼﺗ ﺎﺤﻴﺟﺮﺗ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺎﺠﻨﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺎﻫ
nit M
ﮏﻳ ﺯﺍ
ﺎﺑ ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ
nit 1
ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻡﺪﻋ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ
ﺭﻮﻀﺣ
nit M
ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﻦﻴﺑ ، ﻲﻗﻼﺗ ﺎﻫ nit
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺎﻫ .
ﻡﻮﻴﻠﺴﻴﻣ ﻥﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﻢﻫ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﻥﻮﻳﺭﺎﻛﻭﺮﺘﻫ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﻭ ﺎﻫ
ﺎﺗ ﻪﻧﺍﺯﻭﺭ ﺭﻮﻄﺑ ١٨
ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﺯﻭﺭ .
ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﻪﮐ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ
ﻥﺎﮕﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺶﻬﺟ ﻥﺁ nit
ﺎﻫ ﻭ ﻥﻮﻳﺭﺎﮐﻭﺮﺘﻫ ﻞﻴﮑﺸﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺩﺎﻗ
ﻣ ﻲﻗﻼﺗ ﻪﻴﺣﺎﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻑﻭﺮﺗﻮﺗﻭﺮﭘ ﺪﺷﺭ ،ﺩﻮﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻡﻮﻴﻠﺴﻴ
ﻚﻳ ﺭﺩ
ﻱﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻲﺸﻳﻭﺭ
ﺍﺮﺑ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻱ
ﺍ ﻳ ﺍﺮﺑ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻦ ﻱ
ﺮﻫ ﻩﺪﻨﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﮏﻳ ﻱﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ٣
.
ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﺎﻤﻧ ﻳ ﺍﺪﺟ ﻩﺪﻨ ﻳ ﻪ ﺍ ﻱ ﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻴ ﺮﺘﺸ ﻳ ﻗﻼﺗ ﻦ ﻲ ﺎﺳ ﺎﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻳ ﺮ
ﺍﺪﺟ ﻳ ﻪ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺮﻫ .
ﻪﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﻪﺳ ﻲﻗﻼﺗ ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﺮﻫ
ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﮑﺗ .
ﻉﻮﻨﺗ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﻲﻜﻴﺘﻧﮊ
ﻱﺎﻫ M. grisea ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ
rep-PCR
ﺝﺍﺮﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﻭ ﻡﻮﻴﻠﺴﻴﻣ ﻱﺯﺎﺳ ﻩﺩﺎﻣﺁ DNA
ﺝﺍﺮﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﻓﺎﻛ ﻡﻮﻴﻠﺴﻴﻣ ﻪﻴﻬﺗ ﺖﻬﺟ ،DNA
ﻪﻘﻠﺣ ﻲﻠﻴﻣ ﺶﺷ ﺎﺗ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻲﻣﻮﻴﻠﺴﻴﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﻪﻴﻬﺗ ﻱﺮﺘﻣ
1. Complementary tests
2. Heterokaryon Self-Incompatible 3. Tester
ﻩﺭﺎﺼﻋ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻘﻠﺣ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺮﻤﺨﻣ
.
ﻪﻴﻬﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻩﺭﺎﺼﻋ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻱ
ﺎﺼﻋ ﻡﺮﮔ ﻭﺩ ،ﺮﻤﺨﻣ ﻩﺭ
ﻭ ﺮﻤﺨﻣ
١٠ ﻞﺣ ﺮﻄﻘﻣ ﺏﺁ ﺮﺘﻴﻟ ﻚﻳ ﺭﺩ ﺯﻭﺮﺘﺴﻛﺩ ﻡﺮﮔ ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ
(Prabhu et al., 2002)
ﻭ ﻪﻘﻠﺣ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻥﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ
ﺮﻫ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﻲﻣﻮﻴﻠﺴﻴﻣ ﻑﺮﻇ
ﻦﻟﺭﺍ ١٠٠ ﻣ ﻴ ﻠ ﻲ ﻟ ﻴ ﺮﺘ ﻱ
، ﻥﺁ ﺎﻫ
ﺮﻜﻴﺷ ﻱﻭﺭ ﺮﺑ ﺯﻭﺭ ﺖﻔﻫ ﺎﺗ ﺞﻨﭘ ﺕﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﺎﺑ
۱۲۰ ﺭﻭﺩ
ﻪﻘﻴﻗﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻣﺩ ﻱ ﻕﺎﺗﺍ ) ﺎﻣﺩ ﻱ ٢٤ ‐ ٢٨ ﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟﺭﺩ ﻲ
ﺩﺍﺮﮔ (
ﺮﻗ ﺭﺍ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ . ﺯﺍ ،ﻊﻳﺎﻣ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻡﻮﻴﻠﺴﻴﻣ ﻱﺯﺎﺳﺍﺪﺟ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ
ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺮﻨﺧﻮﺑ ﻒﻴﻗ ﻭ ﺀﻼﺧ ﭗﻤﭘ .
،ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺭﺩ
ﻪﺸﻴﺷ ﻲﻨﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺎﺑ ﺭﺰﻳﺮﻓ ﺭﺩ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﻡﻮﻴﻠﺴﻴﻣ ﻱﻭﺎﺣ ﻦﻴﻠﻴﺳ
ﻱﺎﻣﺩ ٢٠ ‐ ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟﺭﺩ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺩﺍﺮﮔ
. ﺝﺍﺮﺨﺘﺳﺍ
DNA
ﻞﻨﻓ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ‐
ﻡﺮﻓﻭﺮﻠﮐ
(Liu et al., 2000)
ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ
ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ . ﺎﻫ ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﻥﻭ ﻱﻭﺎﺣ ﻱﺎﻫ ٢٠٠
ﻲﻠﻴﻣ ﻡﻮﻴﻠﺴﻴﻣ ﻡﺮﮔ
ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺪﻴﻳﺎﺳ ٥
/ ١ ﻲﻠﻴﻣ ﺮﺘﻴﻟ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛﺰﻴﻟ ﺮﻓﺎﺑ )
٤٠٠ ﻲﻠﻴﻣ ﻝﻮﻣ
Tris-HCl
ﺎﺑ
pH٨ ، ٦٠ ﻲﻠﻴﻣ
EDTA ﻝﻮﻣ ﺎﺑ
pH٨ ، ١٥٠
ﻲﻠﻴﻣ ﻝﻮﻣ ، NaCl
١ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ (SDS
ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻭ ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻪﻓﺎﺿﺍ
ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﻠﺨﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ،ﺮﻓﺎﺑ ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺪﻴﻳﺎﺳ ﻡﻮﻴﻠﺴﻴﻣ ﻥﺩﺮﻛ ﻞﺣ ﻪﻟﻮﻟ ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﻜﻴﺘﺳﻼﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲ ٥ / ١ ﻲﻠﻴﻣ ﺏﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﺘﻴﻟ ﻞﻘﺘﻨﻣ ﺭﺍﺩ
ﻪﻟﻮﻟ ﻭ ﺪﺷ ﺕﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ
١٠ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻕﺎﺗﺍ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻘﻴﻗﺩ
ﺪﺷ . ﻪﻟﻮﻟ ﺯﺍ ﻚﻳ ﺮﻫ ﻪﺑ ﺲﭙﺳ ﺎﻫ
٢٥٠ ﺕﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﺮﺘﻴﻟﻭﺮﻜﻴﻣ
ﺎﺑ ﻢﻴﺳﺎﺘﭘ ٨
/
pH٤ ﺏﺭﺩ ﻥﺩﺮﻛ ﺩﻭﺪﺴﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻭ ﺪﺷ ﻪﻓﺎﺿﺍ
ﻪﻟﻮﻟ ﺲﻜﺗﺭﻭ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻥﺁ ﺕﺎﻳﻮﺘﺤﻣ ،ﺎﻫ ﻪﻴﻧﺎﺛ ﺪﻨﭼ ﺕﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ٤
ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻁﻮﻠﺨﻣ ﹰﻼﻣﺎﻛ ،ﻩﺎﺗﻮﻛ .
ﺕﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﻝﻮﻠﺤﻣ ٢
ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻘﻴﻗﺩ ١٠٠٠٠g
ﺪﺷ ﮊﻮﻔﻳﺮﺘﻧﺎﺳ .
ﻪﺑ ﻲﻳﻭﺭ ﻝﻮﻠﺤﻣ
ﻪﻟﻮﻟ ﻱﺎﻫ ٥ / ١ ﻲﻠﻴﻣ ﺪﺷ ﻞﻘﺘﻨﻣ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻱﺮﺘﻴﻟ .
ﻞﻨﻓ ﻝﻮﻠﺤﻣ
–
ﻡﺮﻓﻭﺮﻠﻛ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻜﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﻣﺁﻭﺰﻳﺍ –
۲۵ ‐ ۲۴
‐ ۱ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻪﺑ
٤٠٠ ﻪﻟﻮﻟ ﺯﺍ ﻚﻳ ﺮﻫ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺘﻴﻟﻭﺮﻜﻴﻣ ﺲﭙﺳ ﻭ ﺪﺷ ﻪﻓﺎﺿﺍ ﺎﻫ
ﻪﻟﻮﻟ ﺩ ﻥﺎﻜﺗ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﻪﻧﻭﺭﺍﻭ ﺕﺪﺷ ﺎﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻫ ﻝﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﻭ ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍ
ﺪﺷ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﻲﮕﻧﺭ ﻱﺮﻴﺷ .
ﻪﻟﻮﻟ ﺯﺍ ﻚﻳ ﺮﻫ ﺲﭙﺳ ﺕﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ
٥
ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻘﻴﻗﺩ ١٢٠٠٠g
ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﮊﻮﻔﻳﺮﺘﻧﺎﺳ .
ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ
ﮊﻮﻔﻳﺮﺘﻧﺎﺳ
، ﻚﻳ ﺮﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻳﻭﺭ ﺯﺎﻓ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﻫﺁ ﻪﺑ
ﻥﺎﻜﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺪﺷ ﻪﻓﺎﺿﺍ ﺺﻟﺎﺧ ﻡﺮﻓﻭﺮﻠﻛ ،ﻝﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﻢﺠﺣ ﻢﻫ ﺪﺷ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﹰﺍﺩﺪﺠﻣ ﻲﮕﻧﺭ ﻱﺮﻴﺷ ﻝﻮﻠﺤﻣ ،ﺪﻳﺪﺷ .
ﻪﺑ ﺲﭙﺳ
ﺕﺪﻣ ٣ ﻪﻘﻴﻗﺩ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﺎﺑ ١٢٠٠٠g
ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﮊﻮﻔﻳﺮﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻭ
ﻪﻓﺎﺿﺍ ﺩﺮﺳ ﻞﻜﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﭘﻭﺮﭘﻭﺰﻳﺍ ﻥﺁ ﻢﺠﺣ ﻢﻫ ﻲﻳﻭﺭ ﻝﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ . ﻪﻟﻮﻟ ﺕﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ ٥
ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻘﻴﻗﺩ ١٣٠٠٠g
ﻪﻟﻮﻟ ﻪﺗ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﮊﻮﻔﻳﺮﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﺪﺷ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﻱﺪﻴﻔﺳ ﺏﻮﺳﺭ ﺎﻫ
.
4. Vortex
ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻲﺒﻠﻄﻣ :
ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
Magnaporthe grisea (Hebert) Barr
...
۷۷
ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺨﻳﺭ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺏﻮﺳﺭ ﻲﻳﻭﺭ ﺯﺎﻓ .
ﺲﭙﺳ ٣٠٠ ﺮﺘﻴﻟﻭﺮﻜﻴﻣ
ﻞﻧﺎﺗﺍ ٧٠ % ﺩﺮﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺁ ﺎﻫ ﺿﺍ ﻪﻟﻮﻟ ﻭ ﺪﺷ ﻪﻓﺎ ﺕﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ
٢
ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻘﻴﻗﺩ ١١٠٠٠g
ﺪﻧﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﮊﻮﻔﻳﺮﺘﻧﺎﺳ .
ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ
ﻥﺪﺷ ﻚﺸﺧ ﺏﻮﺳﺭ ،ﻞﻜﻟﺍ ﺮﻴﺨﺒﺗ ﻭ DNA
ﺭﺩ DNA
٣٠
ﺮﻓﺎﺑ ﺮﺘﻴﻟﻭﺮﻜﻴﻣ ) TE
١٠ ﻲﻠﻴﻣ ﻝﻮﻣ
Tris-HCl
ﻚﻳ ،
ﻲﻠﻴﻣ ﻝﻮﻣ (EDTA
ﻭ ﺪﺷ ﻞﺣ ﻞﻳﺮﺘﺳﺍ ﻩﺰﻴﻧﻮﻳﺩ ﺏﺁ ﺎﻳ
ﻱﺎﻣﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ﻝﻮﻠﺤﻣ
˚C
٢٠ ‐ ﺪﺷ ﻱﺭﺍﺪﻬﮕﻧ
(Liu et al., 2000)
.
ﻱﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﺖﺸﮕﻧﺍ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ DNA
rep-PCR
ﺕﺎﻌﻄﻗ ﺮﻴﺜﮑﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ،DNA
ﻭﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻉﻮﻧ ﺮﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺮﮔﺯﺎﻏﺁ
ﻡﺎﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻡﻮﻧﮊ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﺭﺍﺮﮑﺗ ﻪﻌﻄﻗ ﻭﺩ ﻲﻟﺍﻮﺗ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ
ERIC
BOX ﻭ ﺖﮐﺮﺷ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ
MWG-Research
ﻥﺎﻤﻟﺁ ﺭﻮﺸﮐ ﺎﺑ
ﺮﻳﺯ ﻱﺪﻴﺗﻮﺌﻠﮐﻮﻧ ﻲﻟﺍﻮﺗ ﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ
(McDonald et al., ﺪ
2000)
.
ERIC: 1R 5′-ATGTAAGCTCCTGGGGATTCAC-3′
2 I 5′-AAGTAAGTGACTGGGGTGAGCG-3′
BOX : 1A–1R 5′-CTACGGCAAGGCGACGACGCTGACG-3′
ﺮﻴﺜﻜﺗ ﻝﺩﺎﻌﻣ ﻲﻤﺠﺣ ﺭﺩ DNA
٢٠ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﻴﻟﻭﺮﻜﻴﻣ
ﺶﻨﻛﺍﻭ ﻁﻮﻠﺨﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ PCR
٧ / ٦
،ﻩﺰﻴﻧﻮﻳﺩ ﺏﺁ ﺮﺘﻴﻟ ﻭﺮﮑﻴﻣ ٥
؛ﺎﻫﺮﮔﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻚﻳ ﺮﻫ ﺯﺍ ﻝﻮﻣﻭﺮﻜﻴﻣ ﺩﻭﺪﺣ
۵ ﻡﺮﮔﻮﻧﺎﻧ
؛ﻲﻣﻮﻧﮊ DNA
۱ ﻲﻠﻴﻣ ﺮﻫ ﺯﺍ ﻝﻮﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻚﻳ
dNTPs dATP)
،
،dTTP
ﻭ dCTP
(dGTP
؛ ۵ / ۲ ﻢﻳﺰﻧﺁ ﺪﺣﺍﻭ
Taq DNA
Polymerase
ﺭﺩ ٢ ﺮﻓﺎﺑ ﺮﺘﻴﻟﻭﺮﻜﻴﻣ
x PCR
١٠
x PCR buffer) ١٠
( ﻥﮊﺎﻨﻴﺳ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ،
.
ﺮﻴﺜﮑﺗ ﮏﻳ ﺭﺩ DNA
ﺮﻠﻜﻳﺎﺳﻮﻣﺮﺗ ﻦﻴﺷﺎﻣ ﻝﺪﻣ
Gp001
ﺖﮐﺮﺷ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ
Corbett Research
ﺘﺳﺍ ﺭﻮﺸﮐ ﺎﻴﻟﺍﺮ
ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ
ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ . ﺶﻨﻛﺍﻭ ﻲﺗﺭﺍﺮﺣ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺮﮔﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ PCR
ERICﻱﺎﻫ ﻭ
ﺭﺩ BOX
٣٥ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺧﺮﭼ :
٩٥ ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟﺭﺩ ،ﺩﺍﺮﮔ
٥
؛ﻪﺧﺮﭼ ﻚﻳ ،ﻪﻘﻴﻗﺩ ٩٤
ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟﺭﺩ ،ﺩﺍﺮﮔ
٣ ﻪﻴﻧﺎﺛ
، ٩٢
ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟﺭﺩ ،ﺩﺍﺮﮔ
٣٠ ﻪﻴﻧﺎﺛ
، ٤٩ ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟﺭﺩ
،ﺩﺍﺮﮔ ١ ﻪﻘﻴﻗﺩ
،
٧٢ ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟﺭﺩ ،ﺩﺍﺮﮔ
٥
؛ﻪﻘﻴﻗﺩ ٧٢ ﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟﺭﺩ ﻲ
،ﺩﺍﺮﮔ ١٠
ﻪﺧﺮﭼ ﻚﻳ ،ﻪﻘﻴﻗﺩ ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ
. ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ
ﺯﺭﺎﮔﺁ ﻝﮊ ﺎﺑ ﺯﺭﻮﻓﻭﺮﺘﮑﻟﺍ ،PCR
۲۵ / ۱ % ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ .
ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ
ﮓﻧﺭ ﻝﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻱﺰﻴﻣﺁ ﺲﮑﻋ ،ﺪﻳﺎﻣﻭﺮﺑ ﻡﻮﻳﺪﻴﺗﺍ
ﺎﺑ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ
ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻝﮊ ﻩﺎﮕﺘﺳﺩ
‐ ﻦﺸﻴﺘﻨﻣﻮﻴﻛﺍﺩ )
ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ
ISOgen
ﻝﺪﻣ
Imago
( ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺭﻮﻧ ﺮﻳﺯ ﻭ ﺪﺷ ﺶﻔﻨﺑ ﺀﺍﺭﻭﺎﻣ
ﺯﺍ
ﺪﻣﺁ ﻞﻤﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮﺒﺴﻜﻋ ﻥﺁ .
ﻭ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ
ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﺎﻫ
ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﻱﻮﮕﻟﺍ ﺖﻫﺎﺒﺷ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ
DNA
ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻝﮊ ﻱﻭﺭ ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﻭ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ
ﹰﺍﺩﺪﺠﻣ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﮏﻳ ﻱﻭﺭ
ﺖﻫﺎﺒﺷ ﺎﺗ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﺯﺭﻮﻓﻭﺮﺘﮑﻟﺍ ﻢﻫ ﺭﺎﻨﮐ ﻝﮊ ﻥﺁ
ﺎﻫ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ
ﻱﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﺖﺸﮕﻧﺍ ﺗ DNA
ﺄ ﻥﺎﺴﮑﻳ ﻱﺎﻫﺪﻨﺑ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺷ ﺪﻴﻳ
ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻣ
. ﻱﺎﻫﺪﻨﺑ ﺯﺍ ﮏﻳ ﺮﻫ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ
ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﻡﺎﻤﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ DNA
ﺕﺎﻌﻄﻗ ﻡﺎﻤﺗ ﻭ ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﺎﻫ
ﻦﻴﺑ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ DNA
۴۲۰
‐ ۳۰۰۰ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﺯﺎﺑ ﺖﻔﺟ
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ . ﺩﺍﺪﻋﺍ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫﺪﻨﺑ ﺯﺍ ﮏﻳ ﺮﻫ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻡﺪﻋ ﺎﻳ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ
ﺮﻔﺻ ﻭ ﮏﻳ )
ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻡﺪﻋ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺮﻔﺻ ﻭ ﻥﺁ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﮏﻳ
ﻥﺁ ( ﺮﻫ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﺗﻭﺩ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﮏﻳ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﺯﺍ ﮏﻳ
ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﺎﻫ
ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﺗﻭﺩ ﺲﮑﻳﺮﺗﺎﻣ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﻭ ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﺖﺒﺛ ﻭ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﺎﻫ
ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺖﻫﺎﺒﺷ ﺲﮑﻳﺮﺗﺎﻣ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺪﺷ ﺎﻫ
) ﻡﺎﻤﺗ ﻲﺘﻗﻭ ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ
ﺎﻫ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻢﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻭﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻭﺩ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ
ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ( ﺲﻳﺍﺩ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ١
(Yap & Nelson, 1996)
. ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ
٢ﻱﺍ
ﺵﻭﺭ ﮏﻤﮐ ﻪﺑ
UPGMA
ﻡﺮﻧ ﺭﺩ ٣
ﻱﺮﺗﻮﻴﭙﻣﺎﮐ ﺭﺍﺰﻓﺍ
NTSYSpc-2.02e
ﻡﺍﺮﮔﻮﻨﻓ ﻭ ﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻢﺳﺭ ٤
.
ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
ﺶﻬﺟ ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻨﻓ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻥﺎﮕﺘﻓﺎﻳ
nit
ﻩﻮﺤﻧ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺶﻬﺟ ﺪﺷﺭ
ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻱﻭﺭ ﻥﺎﮕﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻥﮊﻭﺮﺘﻴﻧ ﻲﻗﺍﺮﺘﻓﺍ
،ﺭﺍﺩ ﺯﺍ ٤٠ ﻱﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ
ﻩﺮﻴﺗ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻒﻠﻋ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺍﺮﮔ
ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ٦٧
/ ٤٥ ﺯﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ
ﺶﻬﺟ ﻉﻮﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﮕﺘﻓﺎﻳ
nit 1
، ١٤ ﻉﻮﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ
nit 3
ﻭ
٣٣ / ٤٠ ﻉﻮﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ
Nit M
ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ . ﺶﻬﺟ ﻲﻗﻼﺗ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ
ﻥﺎﮕﺘﻓﺎﻳ
،ﺮﮕﻳﺪﮑﻳ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﺮﻫ nit
ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﺶﻬﺟ ﻳ ﻥﺎﮕﺘﻓﺎ ﻪﺳ
ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ،Unk3
ﻭ Set4
ﺲﭘ ﻥﻮﻳﺭﺎﻛﻭﺮﺘﻫ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺩﺎﻗ Set5
ﺶﻬﺟ ﻲﻗﻼﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﮕﺘﻓﺎﻳ
ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﺮﻫ nit
ﻢﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻧﺩﻮﺒﻧ ، ﻭ ﺪ ﺎﺑ
ﺍﻳ ﻲﻟﻮﻠﺳ ﮒﺮﻣ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺩﺎﺠ ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ
ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺩﻮﺧ ﺎﻧ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳ .
ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ
ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﻪﺑ
ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﻥﻮﻳﺭﺎﻛﻭﺮﺘﻫ ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ
ﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ .
ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﺮﻫ ﻪﺑ ٤٠
،ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ٣٧
ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ
ﺎﻫ ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻲﺸﻳﻭﺭ ﻱﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳ ﻱ
ﻕﻮﻓ ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﻪﺳ ﻭ ﺍ
ﻲﻗﻼﺗ ﺯ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻑﺬﺣ ﺎﻫ .
ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ۳۷ ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ
1. Dice's coefficient
2. Cluster analysis
3. Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic average
4. Phenogram
۷۸ ﻪﻠﺠﻣ
ﻩﺎﻴﮔ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ
ﺩ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻩﺭﻭ ۴۰ ، ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ۱ ، ۱۳۸۸
ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ١
‐ ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﺎﻫ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﻱ
M. grisea
ﭗﻴﺗ ،ﻥﺎﺑﺰﻴﻣ ﻩﺎﻴﮔ ،
ﻭ ﻲﺷﺰﻴﻣﺁ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ
ﺎﻫ ﻥﺁ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺸﻳﻭﺭ ﻱﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳ ﻱ
ﻒﻳﺩﺭ ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻩﺎﻴﮔ VCG ﻥﺎﺑﺰﻴﻣ ﻲﺷﺰﻴﻣﺁ ﭗﻴﺗ
١ Dig1 1
ﻲﺘﺸﮕﻧﺍ ﻒﻠﻋ Mat1-2
٢ Dig2 1
ﻲﺘﺸﮕﻧﺍ ﻒﻠﻋ Mat1-2
٣ Dig3 1
ﻲﺘﺸﮕﻧﺍ ﻒﻠﻋ Mat1-2
٤ Dig4 1
ﻲﺘﺸﮕﻧﺍ ﻒﻠﻋ Mat1-2
٥ Dig5 1
ﻲﺘﺸﮕﻧﺍ ﻒﻠﻋ Mat1-2
٦ Dig6*
1 ﻲﺘﺸﮕﻧﺍ ﻒﻠﻋ Mat1-2
٧ Dig8 1
ﻲﺘﺸﮕﻧﺍ ﻒﻠﻋ Mat1-1
٨ Dig10 1
ﻲﺘﺸﮕﻧﺍ ﻒﻠﻋ Mat1-2
٩ Dig12 1
ﻲﺘﺸﮕﻧﺍ ﻒﻠﻋ Mat1-2
١٠ Dig13 1
ﻲﺘﺸﮕﻧﺍ ﻒﻠﻋ Mat1-1
١١ Dig14 1
ﻲﺘﺸﮕﻧﺍ ﻒﻠﻋ Mat1-2
١٢ Dig15 1
ﺘﺸﮕﻧﺍ ﻒﻠﻋ ﻲ Mat1-2
١٣ Dig16 1
ﻲﺘﺸﮕﻧﺍ ﻒﻠﻋ Mat1-2
١٤ Dig17 1
ﻲﺘﺸﮕﻧﺍ ﻒﻠﻋ Mat1-2
١٥ Dig18 1
ﻲﺘﺸﮕﻧﺍ ﻒﻠﻋ Mat1-1
١٦ Dig19 1
ﻲﺘﺸﮕﻧﺍ ﻒﻠﻋ –––
١٧ Dig20 1
ﻲﺘﺸﮕﻧﺍ ﻒﻠﻋ Mat1-2
١٨ Dig21 1
ﻲﺘﺸﮕﻧﺍ ﻒﻠﻋ Mat1-2
١٩ Dig22 1
ﻲﺘﺸﮕﻧﺍ ﻒﻠﻋ Mat1-2
٢٠ Dig23 1
ﻲﺘﺸﮕﻧﺍ ﻒﻠﻋ Mat1-1
٢١ Set7 1
ﻲﻫﺎﺑﻭﺭ ﻡﺩ ﻥﺯﺭﺍ Mat1-1
٢٢ Set8 1
ﻫﺎﺑﻭﺭ ﻡﺩ ﻥﺯﺭﺍ ﻲ
Mat1-1
٢٣ Set9 1
ﻫﺎﺑﻭﺭ ﻡﺩ ﻥﺯﺭﺍ ﻲ
Mat1-1
٢٤ Unk1 1
ﺺﺨﺸﻣﺎﻧ Mat1-2
٢٥ Unk2 1
ﺺﺨﺸﻣﺎﻧ Mat1-1
٢٦ Unk4 1
ﺺﺨﺸﻣﺎﻧ Mat1-2
٢٧ Unk5 1
ﺺﺨﺸﻣﺎﻧ Mat1-2
٢٨ Unk6 1
ﺺﺨﺸﻣﺎﻧ Mat1-2
٢٩ Unk7*
1 ﺺﺨﺸﻣﺎﻧ Mat1-2
٣٠ Dig7*
2 ﻒﻠﻋ ﻲﺘﺸﮕﻧﺍ Mat1-2
٣١ Dig11 2
ﻲﺘﺸﮕﻧﺍ ﻒﻠﻋ Mat1-2
٣٢ Ech1 2
ﻑﻭﺭﻮﺳ Mat1-1
٣٣ Set6 2
ﻲﻫﺎﺑﻭﺭ ﻡﺩ ﻥﺯﺭﺍ Mat1-1
٣٤ Dig9*
3 ﺘﺸﮕﻧﺍ ﻒﻠﻋ ﻲ Mat1-2
٣٥ Set1 3
ﻲﻫﺎﺑﻭﺭ ﻡﺩ ﻥﺯﺭﺍ Mat1-1
٣٦ Set2 3
ﻫﺎﺑﻭﺭ ﻡﺩ ﻥﺯﺭﺍ ﻲ
Mat1-1
٣٧ Set3 3
ﻫﺎﺑﻭﺭ ﻡﺩ ﻥﺯﺭﺍ ﻲ
Mat1-1
٣٨ Set4 HSI ﻫﺎﺑﻭﺭ ﻡﺩ ﻥﺯﺭﺍ ﻲ
Mat1-1
٣٩ Set 5 HSI ﻫﺎﺑﻭﺭ ﻡﺩ ﻥﺯﺭﺍ ﻲ
Mat1-2
٤٠ Unk3 HSI ﺺﺨﺸﻣﺎﻧ
Mat1-2
ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ * ﻩﺪﻨﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﻱﺎﻫ )
ﺮﺘﺴﺗ ( ، ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﻭﺩ ﻭ Dig6
ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ Unk7
ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﻨﻳﺎﻤﻧ VCG1 ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ .
(Heterokaryon Self-Incompatibility) HSI ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ
ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳﺎﻧﺩﻮﺧ
ﭗﻴﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﺷﺰﻴﻣﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ
ﺎﻫ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻱ ﻒﻠﻋ
ﻪﺘﺷﺬﮔ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ
Bargnilﻂﺳﻮﺗ (2007) ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ .
‐ ﺱﺮﺘﺳﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺖﺴﻴﻧ
.
ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺶﻬﺟ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﺮﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺶﻬﺟ ،ﻩﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﻲﻗﺎﺑ ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻭ ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻲﻗﻼﺗ ﺎﻫ ۱۸
ﻥﻮﻳﺭﺎﮐﻭﺮﺘﻫ ﺯﻭﺭ
ﺩﻮﺑ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺢﺿﺍﻭ ﺭﻮﻄﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻞﻴﮑﺸﺗ )
ﻞﮑﺷ ۱ .(
ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﻪﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻲﺸﻳﻭﺭ ﻱﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ
، VCG1
ﻭ VCG2
ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ VCG3
) ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ۱ .(
،ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ
ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﺍﺪﺟ ﻪﻳ ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻲﻗﻼﺗ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﻭ ﺶﻬﺟ
ﻳ ﻥﺎﮕﺘﻓﺎ ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﻥﻮﻳﺭﺎﻛﻭﺮﺘﻫ ﺎﻫ
ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﻩﺪﻨﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺖﻬﺟ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ
ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳ ﻱ ﻭﺭ ﻳ ﺸ ﻲ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ . ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﺎﻫ
Dig6ﻱ
Unk7 ﻭ ﻩﺍﺮﻤﻫ ﺎﺑ ٢٧ ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﻱﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﮔﺭﺰﺑ
ﻒﻠﻋ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻲﺸﻳﻭﺭ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺪﻧ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻭﺩ ﺮﻫ ﻭ
ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﻨﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ VCG1
ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ . ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ٢٧ ،ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ
ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ٢٣ ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﻭﺩ ﺮﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﻭ Dig6
ﻞﻴﮑﺸﺗ Unk7
ﺪﻧﺩﺍﺩ ﺢﺿﺍﻭ ﺭﻮﻄﺑ ﻥﻮﻳﺭﺎﮐﻭﺮﺘﻫ ﻭ
۴ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ
ﻭ Dig4 Dig15
ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﺎﺑ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻭ Dig6
ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﺎﻫ
Dig21 ﻱ ﻭ
ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﺎﺑ ﻂﻘﻓ Unk2
ﺪﻧﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﻮﻳﺭﺎﮐﻭﺮﺘﻫ ﻞﻴﮑﺸﺗ Unk7
.
ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻭ Dig7
ﺯﺍ Dig9
ﺯﺮﻫ ﻒﻠﻋ ﻲﺘﺸﮕﻧﺍ ﻒﻠﻋ
ﻪﺑ
ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﺎﻤﻧ ﻳ ﻩﺪﻨ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﻪﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻩﺍﺮﻤﻫ ﻡﺍﺪﮐ ﺮﻫ
ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﺎﻫ
Dig11 ﻱ
Ech1 ،
Set6 ﻭ
VCG2ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﺎﻫ ﻱ
،Set1
ﻭ Set2
ﺭﺩ Set3
ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑVCG3
ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺪﻧ
.
ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ VCG1
ﻒﻠﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻧﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺩﺍﺩ
.
ﻞﻜﺷ ١
‐ ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﻲﻗﻼﺗ ﺮﺛﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻥﻮﻳﺭﺎﻛﻭﺮﺘﻫ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ
Dig17
ﺎﺑ
ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ) Dig6
ﻩﺪﻨﻳﺎﻤﻧ (
M. grisea
ﻲﻗﻼﺗ ﻪﻴﺣﺎﻧ ﺭﺩ .
ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ
ﻩﺪﻨﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﺩ ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﻭ ﻂﺳﻭ ﺭ
Dig17
ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻦﻴﻓﺮﻃ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ
. ﺯﻭﺮﺑ ﺎﺑ
ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻨﻓ ﻦﻳﺍ
Dig17
ﻲﺸﻳﻭﺭ ﻱﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺩ
VCG1
ﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﻣ ﺭ ﺩﺮﻴﮔ .
