اثر علف‌کش‌های تریفلورالین و اتال فلورالین بر ویژگی‌های رشدی بیمارگرهای قارچی پنبه

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ﻪﻠﺠﻣ ﻲﮑﺷﺰﭙﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ

ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ۴۰ , ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ۲ ، ۱۳۸۸ ) ۶۷

‐ ۵۹ (

ﻝﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻩﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ * :

ﺩﺮﻓ ﺭﺎﻴﺷﻮﻫ ﺩﻮﻤﺤﻣ ﻦﻔﻠﺗ

: ۳۸۲۰۷۸۳ ‐

E-mail: [email protected] ۰۹۱۱

ﺮﺛﺍ ﻒﻠﻋ ﺶﻛ ﻟﺍﺭﻮﻠﻓ ﻝﺎﺗﺍ ﻭ ﻦﻴﻟﺍﺭﻮﻠﻔﻳﺮﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻴ

ﺮﺑ ﻦ

ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﻱﺪﺷﺭ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻪﺒﻨﭘ ﻲﭼﺭﺎﻗ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﮔﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ

ﺷﻮﻫ ﺩﻮﻤﺤﻣ ﻴ

ﺩﺮﻓﺭﺎ

*۱

ﻧﺍﺮﻗﺎﺑ ﺮﺻﺎﻧ ﻭ

۲ﻲ

۱ ﻫ ﻮﻀﻋ ، ﻴ ﻤﻠﻋ ﺕﺄ ﻲ ﻘﺤﺗ ﺰﮐﺮﻣ ﻴ ﺯﺭﻭﺎﺸﮐ ﺕﺎﻘ ﻱ

ﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻭ ﻴ ﻌ ﻲ ﮔ ﻴ ﺖﺷﺭ ،ﻥﻼ

۲ ﻫ ﻮﻀﻋ ، ﻴ ﻤﻠﻋ ﺕﺄ ﻲ ﻘﺤﺗ ﺰﮐﺮﻣ ﻴ ﺯﺭﻭﺎﺸﮐ ﺕﺎﻘ ﻱ

ﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻭ ﻴ ﻌ ﻲ ﻥﺎﺘﺴﻠﮔ

) ﺖﻓﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ :

۲۵ / ۹ / –۸۶ ﺐﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ :

۵ / ۱۱ / ۸۸ (

ﻩﺪﻴﮑﭼ

ﻭﺩ ﻲﺒﻧﺎﺟ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻫﺎﮔﺁ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﺶﻛ ﻙﺎﺧ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﻛ ﺎﺑ ﺞﻳﺍﺭ ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ

ﻦﻴﻟﺍﺭﻮﻠﻔﻳﺮﺗ )

ﻆﻴﻠﻏ ﻊﻳﺎﻣ ﻥﻮﻴﺴﻟﻮﻣﺍ

ﻩﺪﻧﻮﺷ ۴۸ (%

ﻦﻴﻟﺍﺭﻮﻠﻓ ﻝﺎﺗﺍ ﻭ )

ﻆﻴﻠﻏ ﻊﻳﺎﻣ ﻥﻮﻴﺴﻟﻮﻣﺍ

ﻩﺪﻧﻮﺷ

۳۳ (%

ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺭﺩ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ

۵۰۰

‐ ۰ ﻭ ۳۰۰

‐ ۰ ﻮﻴﻠﻴﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻤﺴﻗ ﺖﺴﻳﺯ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺮﺑ ﻥ

ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ

ﺑ ﺞﻨﭘ ﻴ ﭼﺭﺎﻗ ﺮﮔﺭﺎﻤ ﻲ

ﻪﺒﻨﭘ ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ

)

Rhizoctonia solani

، Pythium ultimum

،

Fusarium

moniliforme Alternaria alternata ،

Verticillium dahliae ﻭ

(

ﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ .

ﻱﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣﺍﺭﺎﭘ

ﻪﻧﺍﻮﺟ ،ﻲﻣﻮﻴﻠﻴﺴﻴﻣ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩﺯﺎﺑ ﻭ ،ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺩﺍﺯ ﻲﻧﺯ

ﻳ ﻲﺋﺯ ﻩﺩﻮﭘ ﺪﺷﺭ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻭ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﺲﻧﻻﻭﺮ

R. solani ﻪﻤﻌﻃ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ

ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﻠﮔ ﻭ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺭﺍﺬﮔ .

ﻉﻮﻧ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ

ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﻭ ﻒﻠﻋ

ﺶﻛ ﻣ ﻴ ﺍﺪﺟ ﻲﻣﻮﻴﻠﻴﺴﻴﻣ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻥﺍﺰ ﻳ

ﻪ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﭼﺭﺎﻗ ﻲ ﺕﺪﺷ ﺎﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ V. dahliae .

F. moniliformeﻭ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻭ ﻢﻛ ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﺖﻴﺳﺎﺴﺣ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ

ﺪﻧﺩﺍﺩ . ﺳ ﺪﺷﺭ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﺮﻳﺎ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ

۸ / ۴ ﺎﺗ ۳ / ۶۶ ﺪﺷ ﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ .

ﻒﻠﻋ ﺶﻛ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ

ﻪﻧﺍﻮﺟ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﭙﺳﺪﻴﻣﻼﻛ ﻲﻧﺯ F. moniliforme

ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻭ ﻪﻧﺍﻮﺟ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﻌﻧﺎﻤﻣ ﻭ

ﻲﻧﺯ

ﻱﺎﻫﮋﻧﺍﺭﻮﭙﺳﺍ P. ultimum

ﺪﻧﺪﺷ . ﻩﺪﻨﻳﺍﺰﻓ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻦﻴﻟﺍﺭﻮﻠﻔﻳﺮﺗ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻦﻴﻟﺍﺭﻮﻠﻓ ﻝﺎﺗﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻱﺮﺗ

ﺪﺷﺭ ﺮﺑ ﻲﺋﺯ ﻩﺩﻮﭘ R. solani

ﺖﺷﺍﺩ . ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻒﻠﻋ

ﺶﻛ ﻲﻣ ﺎﻫ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻨﻧﺍﻮﺗ

ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺯﺎﺳ ﻲﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺏﻮﺴﺤﻣ ﻪﺒﻨﭘ ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻲﻣﻮﻳﺭﺍﺯﻮﻓ ﻭ ﻲﻣﻮﻴﺗ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻉﻮﻴﺷ

ﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ .

ﻱﺪﻴﻠﻛ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﮊﺍﻭ ،ﻪﺒﻨﭘ :

ﻒﻠﻋ ﺶﮐ ﺩ ﻱ ﻧ ﻴ ﻧﺁﻭﺮﺘ ﻴ ﻠ ﻴﻨ ﻲ ﺩﺍﺰﻛﺎﺧﺮﮔﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ،ﻲﺒﻧﺎﺟ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ ، .

ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ

ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﻧﺎﻣ ﻱﺰﻛﺎﺧ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺪﻨ

Thielaviopsis basicola

،

Rhizoctonia solani

،

Sclerotium rolfsii Pythium ،

ﻭ spp.

Fusarium spp. ﻪﺒﻨﭘ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻪﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﻞﺣﺍﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ

ﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ ﻲﻣ ﺍﺯ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ (Johonson et al., 1970; Brown,

1979; Mitchell & Royside, 1986; Colyer, 1988) .

ﻒﻠﻋ ﺶﻛ ﺎﻫ ﺘﺴﻫ ﻱﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴﺷ ﺕﺎﺒﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨ

ﻲﻣ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻭﺭ ﺎﻴﻧﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻑﺮﺼﻣ ﺶﻳﺍﺮﮔ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻭ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯ ﺎﺗ ﹰﻻﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﻒﻠﻋ

ﺶﻛ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺖﻓﺎﻳ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﻪﻣﺍﺩﺍ ﺩﺮﻴﮕﺑ ﻲﺸﻴﭘ ﺖﻋﺍﺭﺯ .

ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﺎﻳ ﺖﻇﺎﻔﺣ

ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻴﺳﺎﺴﺣ ﻝﺎﺒﻧﺪﺑ ﻲﻫﺎﮔ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻒﻠﻋ

ﺶﻛ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺎﻫ ﻩﮋﻳﻭ ﺕﺎﻜﻧ ﺯﺍ ،ﺩﺩﺮﮔ

ﻋ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻱﺪﻨﻤﻗﻼ (Atlas et al.,

1978; Moorman, 1989; Hoaghland, 1990;

Moorman & Dowler, 1991) .

ﺮﺑ ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ ﻭ ﻝﻮﺻﺍ

ﺶﻨﻜﻤﻫ ﻒﻠﻋ

ﺶﻛ ﻡﺍﺪﻧﺍﺰﻳﺭ ،ﺎﻫ ﻩﺭﺍﻭ

١ﺎﻫ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻭ ﻱﺎﻫ

1. Microorganism

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۶۰

ﻪﻠﺠﻣ ﻲﮑﺷﺰﭙﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ

ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ۴۰ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ، ۲ ، ۱۳۸۸

ﻩﺩﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﺭﻮﻄﺑ ﻲﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﺩﺪﻌﺘﻣ ﻦﻴﻘﻘﺤﻣ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻱﺍ

ﻱ ﺭﻭﺮﻣ

ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ (Vincent, 1947; Heitefuss, 1988;

Edwards, 1989; Altman et al., 1990; Ahmad et al., 1995) .

ﻒﻠﻋ ﺶﻛ ﻦﻴﻟﺍﺭﻮﻠﻔﻳﺮﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ )

،ﺎﻔﻟﺁ

،ﺎﻔﻟﺁ ﺎﻔﻟﺁ ‐

ﻭﺭﻮﻠﻓ ﻱﺮﺗ

‐ ٢،٦

‐

،ﻥﺍ ،ﻭﺮﺘﻴﻧ ﻱﺩ ‐

ﻞﻴﭘﻭﺮﭘ ﻱﺩ

‐ ﻲﭘ ‐

ﻦﻳﺪﻴﺋﻮﻟﻮﺗ (

ﻦﻴﻟﺍﺭﻮﻠﻓ ﻝﺎﺗﺍ ﻭ ]

ﻥﺍ

‐ ﻞﻴﺗﺍ

‐ ﻥﺍ ‐ ) ٢

‐ ﻞﻴﺘﻣ

‐ ٢ ‐

ﻞﻴﻨﭘﻭﺮﭘ (

‐ ٢،٦

‐ ﻭﺮﺘﻴﻧ ﻱﺩ

‐ ٤ ‐ ) ﻱﺮﺗ

‐ ﻞﻳﺰﻨﺑ ﻞﻴﺘﻣﻭﺭﻮﻠﻓ

ﻦﻴﻣﺁ [(

ﻱﺩ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻪﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﻣ ﻦﻴﻠﻴﻧﺁﻭﺮﺘﻴﻧ

١ﺎﻫ ﻑﺮﺼﻣﺮﭘ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﺶﻛ ﻒﻠﻋ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺒﻨﭘ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻦﻳﺍ ﻝﻮﻜﻠﻣ ﺪﻧﻮﻴﭘ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺎﻳﻮﺳ ﻭ ﻒﻠﻋ

ﺶﻛ ﺎﻫ

ﻪﻳﻻ ﻪﺑ ،ﻙﺎﺧ ﻱﺎﻫﺪﻴﺋﻮﻠﻛ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺴﺷ ﻙﺎﺧ ﻦﻳﺮﻳﺯ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻲﻤﻧ (Humburg, 1989; Rashid & Kenaschuk, ﺪﻧﻮﺷ

1993) . ﻣ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﻩﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻱﻭﺭ ﻦﻴﻟﺍﺭﻮﻠﻔﻳﺮﺗ ﻑﺮﺼ

ﺯﺍ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﻪﺒﻨﭘ ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ R. solani

ﻀﻗﺎﻨﺘﻣ ﺕﺎﺷﺭﺍﺰﮔ ﻲ

ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ (El-Khadem et al., 1984; Altman, 1985)

.

Altman 1985)

( ﻑﺮﺼﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﺭﺎﻬﻇﺍ ﻦﻴﻟﺍﺭﻮﻠﻔﻳﺮﺗ

ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﺕﺎﺠﻳﺰﺒﺳ ﻲﻣﻮﻴﻠﻴﺴﻴﺗﺭﻭ ﻲﮔﺩﺮﻣﮋﭘ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﻴﻧﺎﺠﻣﺩﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ

ﺩﻮﺷ . ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻱﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﻛ

ﻪﺒﻨﭘ ﻲﻣﻮﻳﺭﺍﺯﻮﻓ ﻲﮔﺩﺮﻣﮋﭘ ﻙﺎﺧ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻴﻟﺍﺭﻮﻠﻔﻳﺮﺗ ﻑﺮﺼﻣ ﺎﺑ

ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ Humburg, 1989)

Song et al. .(

1993,1995) (

ﺭﺎﻬﻇﺍ ﻲﺗﺎﺸﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻲﻃ ﺪﻧﺩﺮﻛ

ﻉﻮﻗﻭ ﻪﻛ

ﻲﻣﻮﻳﺭﺍﺯﻮﻓ ﻲﮔﺩﺮﻣﮋﭘ ﻪﺑ ﺱﺎﺴﺣ ﻭ ﻡﻭﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﺒﻨﭘ ﻡﺎﻗﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ

ﺑﻴ ﺭﺎﻤ ﻱ ﻑﺮﺼﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻒﻠﻋ

ﺶﮐ ﻲﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻦﻴﻟﺍﺭﻮﻠﻔﻳﺮﺗ ﺪﺑﺎﻳ

.

ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ Rashid & Kenaschuk 1993)

( ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ

ﻪﻛ ﻲﻃ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﺘﻛ ﻲﻣﻮﻳﺭﺍﺯﻮﻓ ﻲﮔﺩﺮﻣﮋﭘ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻦﻴﻟﺍﺭﻮﻠﻔﻳﺮﺗ

ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻲﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﻞﺼﻓ ﻥﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﻭ ﻙﺎﺧ ﺯﺍ ﺶﻳﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻲﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ

. ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﺖﻣﻭﺎﻘﻣ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺎﻫ

ﻱ ﻲﺒﻟﺎﻃ ﻪﺑ ٢

ﺯﺍ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﻲﮔﺩﺮﻣﮋﭘ F. o.xysporum f.sp melonis

ﺮﺛﺍ ﺭﺩ

ﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻦﻴﻟﺍﺭﻮﻠﻔﻳﺮﺗ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﻱﺎﻫﺯﺩ ﻑﺮﺼﻣ ﺮﻳﺩﺎﻘﻣ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓ

ﺩﺍﺯﺁ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺁ ﻱﺎﻫﺪﻴﺳﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ٣

(Starratt &

Lazarovits, 1999) .

ﻪﻛ ﻲﺋﺎﺠﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻒﻠﻋ

ﺶﻛ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ ﺭﺩ ،ﺍﺬﻟ ﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﻲﻗﺎﺑ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺶﻨﻜﻤﻫﺮﺑ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻒﻠﻋ

ﺶﻛ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﻟﺍﺭﻮﻠﻓ ﻝﺎﺗﺍ ﻭ ﻦﻴﻟﺍﺭﻮﻠﻔﻳﺮﺗ ﺎﻴﮔﺮﮔﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻪﭽﻫ

1. Dinitroanilins

2. Cucumis melo L.

3. Free amino acids ﻪﺒﻨﭘ ﺖﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﺭﺩ

ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻱﺎﺘﺳﺍﺭ ﺭﺩ

ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ .

ﻭ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ

ﺵﻭﺭ ﺎﻫ

ﺖﺴﻳﺯ ﺕﺎﺸﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ

٤ﻲﺠﻨﺳ

ﺮﺛﺍ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻒﻠﻋ

ﺶﻛ ﻲﭼﺭﺎﻗ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﺪﺷﺭ ﺮﺑ

ﺪﻨﺗﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﺩﺍﺰﻛﺎﺧ ﻲﭼﺭﺎﻗ ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﺞﻨﭘ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺯﺍ

Rhizoctonia solani(R.s) Pythium ultimum (P.u) ،

،

(A.a) Alternaria alternata Verticillium dahliae ﻭ

(V.d) ) ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻧﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺎﻫ

ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ

ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﺯﺍ ﺕﺎﺸﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ

٢١

‐ ٥٠ ،ﻱﺯﺎﺳﺍﺪﺟ ﻪﺒﻨﭘ ﻩﺯﻭﺭ

ﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﺕﺎﺒﺛﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻲﺋﺍﺰﻳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻭ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ (

ﺞﻨﭘ ﻭ

ﺯﺍ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﻒﻠﻋ

ﺶﻛ ﻦﻴﻟﺍﺭﻮﻠﻔﻳﺮﺗ ) ٥

،ﻥﻼﻓﺮﺗ ﻲﺗﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻡﺎﻧ ﺎﺑ

ﻥﻮﻴﺴﻟﻮﻣﺍ ٤٨

(%

ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ٠٥ / ٠ ، ٥ / ٠ ، ٥ ، ٥٠ ، ٥٠٠ ﻭ

ﻦﻴﻟﺍﺭﻮﻠﻓ ﻝﺎﺗﺍ ) ٦

ﻥﻮﻴﺴﻟﻮﻣﺍ ،ﻥﻻﺎﻧﻮﺳ ﻲﺗﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻡﺎﻧ ﺎﺑ ٣٣

(%

ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ٠٣ / ٠ ، ٣ / ٠ ، ٣ ، ٣٠ ﻭ ٣٠٠ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻥﻮﻴﻠﻴﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻤﺴﻗ

ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ )

ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻔﺻ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ

ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ .(

ﺭﺩ ﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻦﻳﺪﺑ

ﻝﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﻥﻭﺮﺘﺳ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﻪﻳﺎﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﺶﻛ ﺲﭙﺳ ﻭ ﻪﻴﻬﺗ ﺍﺭ

ﺑ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻳﺎﭘ ﻝﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﻢﺠﺣ ﻥﺩﺮﻛ ﻪﻓﺎﺿﺍ ﺎ

ﺐﻴﺳ ﺖﺸﻛ ﺏﺍﺬﻣ ﺭﺎﮔﺁ ﺯﻭﺮﺘﺴﻛﺩ ﻲﻨﻴﻣﺯ

PDA) ﺩﻭﺪﺣ ،

°C ٥٠ ( ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ﻲﺸﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻚﺘﺸﺗ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﻱﺮﺘﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ Horsfall, 1956)

.( ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ

ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﻣ ﻲﻠﻴﻣ ﺶﺷ ﺮﻄﻗ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺻﺮﻗ ﺖﺸﻛ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﺩﺎﻤﺠﻧﺍ ﺣ ﻱﺮﺘﭘ ﻚﺘﺸﺗ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﻪﻨﮔﺮﭘ ﻪﻴﺷﺎﺣ ﻱﻭﺎ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﺶﻛ

ﻚﺘﺸﺗ ﻭ ﻞﻘﺘﻨﻣ ﻱﺎﻣﺩ ﺎﺑ ﺭﻮﺗﺎﺑﻮﻜﻧﺍ ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ

°C ٢٥

ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻱﺭﺍﺪﻬﮕﻧ .

ﻪﻛ ﻲﻣﺎﮕﻨﻫ ﺭﺎﻤﻴﺗ ﺭﺩ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﺪﺷﺭ

ﺪﻫﺎﺷ

) ﻥﻭﺪﺑ ﻒﻠﻋ ﺶﻛ ( ﻪﻴﺷﺎﺣ ﻪﺑ

،ﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﻚﺘﺸﺗ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ

ﻱﺮﻴﮔ

ﺮﺑ ﺩﻮﻤﻋ ﺮﻄﻗ ﻭﺩ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻤﻴﺗ ﺭﺩ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﻪﻨﮔﺮﭘ ﺮﻄﻗ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻭ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻢﻫ ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﺖﺒﺛ ﺎﻫ

. ﺲﭙﺳ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ

ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩﺯﺎﺑ ﺪﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺮﻳﺯ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻣﻮﻴﻠﻴﺴﻴﻣ ﺪﺷﺭ

(Vincent, 1947) :

C- TC × 100 IP =

:IP ﻲﻣﻮﻴﻠﻴﺴﻴﻣ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩﺯﺎﺑ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ

4. Bioassay

5. Trifluralin; Treflan 6. Ethalfluralin; Sonalan

(3)

ﻲﻧﺍﺮﻗﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺩﺮﻓﺭﺎﻴﺷﻮﻫ :

ﻒﻠﻋ ﺮﺛﺍ ﺶﻛ ﻟﺍﺭﻮﻠﻓ ﻝﺎﺗﺍ ﻭ ﻦﻴﻟﺍﺭﻮﻠﻔﻳﺮﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻴ

ﺮﺑ ﻦ ...

۶۱

:C ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﻡﻮﻴﻠﻴﺴﻴﻣ ﻲﻄﺧ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ )

ﻲﻠﻴﻣ ﺮﺘﻣ ( ﺭﺎﻤﻴﺗ ﺭﺩ

ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ) ۹۰ ﻲﻠﻴﻣ ﺮﺘﻣ (

: T چرﺎﻗ مﻮﻴﻠﻴﺴﻴﻣ ﻲﻄﺧ ﺪﺷر هزاﺪﻧا )

ﻲﻠﻴﻣ ﺮﺘﻣ ( ﺗ رد ﻴ رﺎﻤ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﺶﻛ ﺩﺮﻛ ﻝﺎﻣﺮﻧ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻥ

ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻝﻮﻣﺮﻓ ﺯﺍ y=ArcSin √X

ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﻭ

ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻭ ﺎﻫ

ﻪﻨﻣﺍﺩ ﺪﻨﭼ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻤﻴﺗ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻦﻜﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﺍ

ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ MSTAT-C

ﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ (Neubauere &

Avizahar-Harsheson, 1973) .

ﺶﻛ ﻪﻧﺍﻮﺟ ﺮﺑ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﭙﺳﺍ ﻲﻧﺯ

F. moniliforme

ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ ﻒﻠﻋ ﺶﻛ ﻭ ﻱﺪﻴﻨﻛ ﻲﻧﺯ ﻪﻧﺍﻮﺟ ﻱﻭﺭ

ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﭙﺳﺪﻴﻣﻼﻛ ﻩﺮﻄﻗ ﻥﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺎﺑ F.m

ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﭼﻮﻛ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻥﻮﻴﺴﻧﺎﭙﺳﻮﺳ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﻪﻳﺎﻣ ﺩﺍﺯ

) ١٠^٣ × ٦ ﻲﻠﻴﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺘﻴﻟ

( ﺭﺩ

ﺭﺎﮔﺁ ﺏﺁ ﻱﺮﺘﭘ ﻚﺘﺸﺗ ﺢﻄﺳ ٢

% ﻱﻭﺎﺣ ﺎﻳ ﻦﻴﻟﺍﺭﻮﻠﻔﻳﺮﺗ

ﻦﻴﻟﺍﺭﻮﻠﻓ ﻝﺎﺗﺍ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺭﺩ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ

ﻱﺎﻫ ٣٠ ﻭ ٥٠ ﺖﻤﺴﻗ

ﻥﻮﻴﻠﻴﻣ ﺭﺩ )

ﻥﻭﺪﺑ ﺖﺸﻛ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻠﻋ

ﻒ ﺶﻛ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ

ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ (

ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ .

ﻚﺘﺸﺗ ﺏﺁ ﻱﺮﺘﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ ‐

ﺭﺎﮔﺁ ٢ % ﺕﺪﻣ ۱۸ ﻱﺎﻣﺩ ﻭ ﻲﻜﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ

°C ۲۵

ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﺲﭙﺳ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻱﺭﺍﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﻪﻧﺍﻮﺟ

ﻲﻧﺯ ۵۰ ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺩﺍﺯ

ﮓﻧﺭ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﺁ

ﻮﻠﺑ ﻦﺗﺎﻛ ﺎﺑ ﻱﺰﻴﻣ

‐ ﺭﺩ ﻞﻨﻓﻮﺘﻛﻻ ۴

ﺭﺍﺮﻜﺗ

ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﭘﻮﻜﺳﻭﺮﻜﻴﻣ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ (El-Khadem &

Papavizas, 1984; Johnson, 1992) .

ﺶﻛ ﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻴ ﺵﺪﻨﺗ ﻭ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﻥﺍﺰ

ﻱﺎﻫﮋﻧﺍﺭﻮﭙﺳﺍ

P. ultimum

ﻌﺗ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻴﻴ

ﺮﺛﺍ ﻦ ﻒﻠﻋ ﺶﮐ ﻟﻮﺗ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻴ ،ﮋﻧﺍﺭﻮﭙﺳﺍ ﺪ

ﻥﺍﻮﺟ ﺖﺸﻛ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﭼﻮﻛ ﻪﻌﻄﻗ P. ultimum

ﻥﻭﺭﺩ

ﻚﺘﺸﺗ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺮﺘﭘ ﻱ ﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﻱ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ،ﻥﻭﺮﺘﺳ ﺮﻄﻘﻣ ﺏﺁ

ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺪﻧﺎﺷﻮﺟ ﻪﻧﺍﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ

٥٠ ﻭ ٣٠ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻤﺴﻗ

ﻥﻮﻴﻠﻴﻣ ﻒﻠﻋ ﺶﻛ ) ﻥﻭﺪﺑ ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﻒﻠﻋ

ﺶﻛ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ

ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ (

ﺕﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ٢٤

ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ

ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ C)

٢٥°

‐ ٢٣ ( ﻭ ٧ ﻱﺎﻣﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ C

١٥°

ﺭﺍﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﻱ ﺪﺷ . ﻥﻭﺪﺑ ﻊﻳﺎﻣ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﺲﭙﺳ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﺶﻛ ) ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ (

ﻲﭘ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻱﻭﺭ ﻥﻭﺮﺘﺳ ﺖﭘ

ﺏﺁ ﺖﺸﻛ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ

‐ ﺭﺎﮔﺁ ٢ % ﻱﻭﺎﺣ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﻱﺎﻫ ٥٠ ﻭ ٣٠

ﺯﺍ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻥﻮﻴﻠﻴﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻤﺴﻗ ﻒﻠﻋ

ﺶﻛ ﻦﻴﻟﺍﺭﻮﻠﻔﻳﺮﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﺶﺨﭘ ﺖﺧﺍﻮﻨﻜﻳ ﺭﻮﻄﺑ ﻦﻴﻟﺍﺭﻮﻠﻓ ﻝﺎﺗﺍ ﺎﻳ ﻭ )

ﺪﻫﺎﺷ

ﻥﻭﺪﺑ ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻒﻠﻋ

ﺶﻛ ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ .(

ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ

ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺎﻫﮋﻧﺍﺭﻮﭙﺳﺍ ﺵﺪﻨﺗ ۱۸

ﻱﺎﻣﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺭﺍﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ C

۲۰°

ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﭘﻮﻜﺳﻭﺮﻜﻴﻣ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ

(Johnson, 1992) .

ﻪﻧﺎﺨﻠﮔ ﺕﺎﺸﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻱﺍ

ﺶﻛ ﻭ ﺮﺑ ﻳ ﺍﺪﺟ ﺲﻧﻻﻭﺮ ﻳ

ﺎﻫ ﻪ ﻱ ﭼﺭﺎﻗ ﻲ

ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺎﻫ

ﻱ ﭼﺭﺎﻗ ﻲ

F. moniliforme ،

R. solani ﻭ

P. ultimum ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ

ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻒﻠﻋ

ﺶﻛ ﺎﻳ ﻭ ﻦﻴﻟﺍﺭﻮﻠﻔﻳﺮﺗ

ﻝﺎﺗﺍ ﻼﻣﺎﻛ ﺡﺮﻃ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻦﻴﻟﺍﺭﻮﻠﻓ

ﺗ ﺶﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻓﺩﺎﺼﺗ ﺭﺎﻤﻴ

) ٥ ﺭﺎﻤﻴﺗ ﻒﻠﻋ ﺶﻛ + ﻥﻭﺪﺑﺪﻫﺎﺷ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﺶﻛ ( ﻭ ٥ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻜﺗ Fields

(1967) ﺍﺮﺟﺍ

ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ . ﺭﺎﮔﺁ ﻩﺍﺮﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﻩﺯﻭﺭ ﺖﻔﻫ ﻪﻨﮔﺮﭘ ﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ

) ﻪﺑ ﻡﻮﻤﺴﻣ ﻒﻠﻋ

ﺶﻛ ( ﻭ ﺩﺮﺧ ﻦﻛ ﻁﻮﻠﺨﻣ ﻩﺎﮕﺘﺳﺩ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ

ﻩﺰﻳﺭﻮﺘﺳﺎﭘ ﻙﺎﺧ ﺎﺑ ﺲﭙﺳ ﻭ ﺖﺧﺍﻮﻨﻜﻳ )

١٥

%

،ﺱﺭ ٥٢ %

ﺖﻠﻴﺳ ﻭ ٣٣ % ﻦﺷ ( ﺪﺷ ﻁﻮﻠﺨﻣ .

ﺭﺬﺑ ﺩﺪﻋ ﺞﻨﭘ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﺒﻨﭘ

ﻙﺮﻛ ﻭ ﺖﺸﻛ ﻲﻜﻴﺘﺳﻼﭘ ﻥﺍﺪﻠﮔ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻲﺋﺍﺩﺯ

ﻥﺍﺪﻠﮔ ﻲﻳﺎﻨﺷﻭﺭ ﻢﻳﮊﺭ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺎﻫ ١٢

ﻱﺎﻣﺩ ﻭ ﻪﺘﻋﺎﺳ

°C ٢٣٢٥ ﺪﻧﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻱﺭﺍﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﻠﮔ ﺭﺩ .

ﺵﺭﺎﻤﺷ

ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﺘﻔﻫ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻥﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻭ ﻢﻟﺎﺳ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ﺮﻳﺯ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ

ﺪﻣﺁ :

ﮔ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻴ ﺑ ﻪﭽﻫﺎ ﻴ ﻤ ﺭﺎ

۱۰۰

× ﮔ ﻞﮐ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻴ ﻪﭽﻫﺎ

= ﺑﻴ ﺭﺎﻤ ﻱ ﮔ ﻴ ﻪﭽﻫﺎ

) ﺪﺻﺭﺩ (

ﺶﻛ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺒﻨﭘ ﺖﻴﺳﺎﺴﺣ ﺮﺑ

ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻲﻣﻮﻳﺭﺍﺯﻮﻓ

ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻪﻴﻬﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﻢﻗﺭ ﻪﺒﻨﭘ ﺭﺬﺑ ،ﻢﻟﺎﺳ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺖﻳﺮﻠﻛﻮﭙﻴﻫ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻲﺤﻄﺳ ﻲﻧﻮﻔﻋﺪﺿ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻞﺣﺎﺳ ﻢﻳﺪﺳ ٥ / ٠ ﻱﻭﺎﺣ ﻑﻭﺮﻇ ﺭﺩ ،ﻪﻘﻴﻗﺩ ﻪﺳ ﺕﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ

ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺖﺸﻛ ﻥﻭﺮﺘﺳ ﺖﻴﻟﺮﭘ ﻱﺎﻣﺩ

°C ٢٨

‐ ٣٠ ﻱﺭﺍﺪﻬﮕﻧ

ﺪﺷ . ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﺭﻮﻬﻇ ﺎﺑ ﮒﺮﺑ ﺪﺟﺍﻭ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻪﭙﻟ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ،ﻱﺍ

ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺝﺭﺎﺧ ﺖﻗﺩ ﻭ ﻲﻣﺍﺭﺁ ﻪﺑ ٥

ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ

ﻥﺍﺪﻠﮔ ﻙﺎﺧ ﻱﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﻲﻣﺮﮔﻮﻠﻴﻛ ﻚﻳ ﻲﻜﻴﺘﺳﻼﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻪﻳﺎﻣ ﻥﻭﺮﺘﺳ ﻦﮕﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺩﺮﺧ ﻁﻮﻠﺨﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻲﻧﺯ

F.m

ﺖﺸﻛ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻭ )PDA

ﻱﺮﺘﭘ ﻚﺘﺸﺗ ﻱﺍﻮﺘﺤﻣ (

ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﻛ

ﻣ ﺮﻳﺩﺎﻘ ٢ / ٠ ﻭ ٤ / ٠ ﻲﻠﻴﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﻴﻟ ﻲﺗﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﺐﻴﻛﺮﺗ

ﻝﺎﺗﺍ ﺎﻳ ﻭ ﻦﻴﻟﺍﺭﻮﻠﻔﻳﺮﺗ ﻦﻴﻟﺍﺭﻮﻠﻓ

ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺭﺎﻤﻴﺗ

، ﺀﺎﺸﻧ

ﺪﺣ ﺎﺗ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺑﺁ ﻭ ﻩﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ٥٠

ﻙﺎﺧ ﺖﺑﻮﻃﺭ ﺖﻴﻓﺮﻇ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ

ﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ Song et al., 1993)

(.

ﻥﺍﺪﻠﮔ ﻚﻳ ﺕﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ

(4)

۶۲

ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ۴۰ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ، ۲ ، ۱۳۸۸

ﻱﺎﻣﺩ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﻠﮔ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺎﻣ

°C ٣٠ ‐ ٢٥ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﺑﻮﻃﺭ ،

ﺩﻭﺪﺣ ٦٠ ﺎﻨﺗ ﻭ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻲﻳﺎﻨﺷﻭﺭ ﺏﻭ

١٨ ﻱﺭﺍﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ

ﺪﻧﺪﺷ . ﺎﭘ ﺯﺍ ﻢﺋﻼﻋ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻲﮔﺩﺎﺘﻓﺍ

ﺯﺍ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ،ﺎﻫ

ﻞﺤﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻲﺗﺎﻌﻄﻗ ﻮﺸﺘﺴﺷ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺝﺭﺎﺧ ﻙﺎﺧ ﻲﻧﻮﻔﻋﺪﺿ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻪﭙﻟ ﺮﻳﺯ ﺭﻮﺤﻣ ﻭ ﻪﺸﻳﺭ ﮓﻧﺭﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺤﻄﺳ ﻭ ﺖﺸﻛ PDA

ﻱﺎﻣﺩ ﺎﺑ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻚﻗﺎﺗﺍ ﺭﺩ

°C ۲

± ۲۵ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻱﺭﺍﺪﻬﮕﻧ .

ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻲﮔﺩﻮﻟﺁ ﻪﻄﺑﺍ

:

ﻩﺩﻮﻟﺁ ﺕﺎﻌﻄﻗ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ

× ۱۰۰

ﻩﺪﺷ ﺖﺸﻛ ﺕﺎﻌﻄﻗ ﻞﻛ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ =

ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﯽﮔﺩﻮﻟﺁ

و ﻪﺸﻳر يرﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ و ﻪﭙﻟ ﺮﻳز رﻮﺤﻣ

شور ﻖﺒﻃ 1

Kanton (1971) ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ :

RHDI=0 ﻪﺸﻳﺭ

ﻪﻜﻟ ﺪﻗﺎﻓ ﺎﻫ ﺯﺍ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﻪﻛ ﻩﺩﺮﻣ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺪﺸﻧ ﻱﺯﺎﺳﺍﺪﺟ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ .

RHDI=1 ﺯﺍ

١

‐ ٣٣ ﺖﺸﻛ ﺕﺎﻌﻄﻗ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﻩﺪﺷ

ﺳﺍﺪﺟ ﺪﺷ ﻱﺯﺎ .

RHDI=2 ﺯﺍ

٣٣

‐ ٦٦ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺖﺸﻛ ﺕﺎﻌﻄﻗ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ

ﺪﺷ ﻱﺯﺎﺳﺍﺪﺟ .

RHDI=3 ﺯﺍ

٦٦ ‐ ١٠٠ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺖﺸﻛ ﺕﺎﻌﻄﻗ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ

ﺪﺷ ﻱﺯﺎﺳﺍﺪﺟ .

RHDI=4 ﻪﺸﻳﺭ

ﻭ ﻥﺍﻮﺟ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺯﺍ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻝﺎﻌﻓ

ﻪﺘﻓﺭ ﻦﻴﺑ

ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ . RHDI=5 ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ

ﺯﺍ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﺭﻮﻄﺑ ﺎﻫ ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻪﺘﻓﺭ ﻦﻴﺑ

.

ﺶﻛ ﻲﺋﺯ ﻩﺩﻮﭘ ﺪﺷﺭ ﺮﺑ R. solani

ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ

Papavizas &

Davey (1982) ﻭ ﻪﻤﻌﻃ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﻱﺭﺍﺬﮔ

Sneh et al.

(1966) ﺭﺬﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺭﺪﻨﻐﭼ

ﻭ ﻞﻳﺭﻮﺘﻛﺎﻓ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ٢

ﹰﻼﻣﺎﻛ ﺡﺮﻃ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﻓﺩﺎﺼﺗ

ﻱ ﺮﻫ ﻒﻠﻋ ﺶﮐ ﺍﺮﺟﺍ

ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ . ﻥﻮﻴﺳﺎﺑﻮﻜﻧﺍ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺕﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻲﺸﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺘﻛﺎﻓ

ﺢﻄﺳ ﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ )

ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ٢ ﻭ ٧ ﺯﻭﺭ ( ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﻭ ﻒﻠﻋ ﺶﻛ ﺭﺩ ٥

ﺢﻄﺳ ) ،ﺮﻔﺻ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻦﻴﻟﺍﺭﻮﻠﻔﻳﺮﺗ ٥

، ٥٠ ، ٥٠٠ ، ٥٠٠٠ ﻭ

،ﺮﻔﺻ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻦﻴﻟﺍﺭﻮﻠﻓ ﻝﺎﺗﺍ ٣

، ٣٠ ، ٣٠٠ ﻭ ٣٠٠٠ ﺖﻤﺴﻗ

ﻥﻮﻴﻠﻴﻣ ﺭﺩ (

ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ .

ﻪﻳﺎﻣ R. solani ﻞﺧﺍﺩ

ﺕﺭﺫ ﺩﺭﺁ ﻁﻮﻠﺨﻣ ﻱﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﻱﺮﺘﻴﻟ ﻚﻳ ﺮﻳﺎﻣ ﻦﻟﺭﺍ ﻑﻭﺮﻇ ) ٦ ﻡﺮﮔ (

، ﻥﻭﺮﺘﺳ ﻦﺷ )

٤٠ ﻡﺮﮔ + ٧٥ ﻲﻠﻴﻣ ﺮﺘﻴﻟ ﺏﺁ ( ﺎﺑ

ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ٥ : ٩٥ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺮﻴﺜﻜﺗ ۱۰

ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ) ﻥﺯﻭ : ﻥﺯﻭ ( ﻪﺑ

ﻲﻨﺷ ﻥﻭﺮﺘﺳ ﻙﺎﺧ

‐ ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻪﻓﺎﺿﺍ ﻲﻣﻮﻟ (Neubauere &

Avizahar-Harsheson, 1973) .

ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ١٠٠ ﺭﺬﺑ ﺩﺪﻋ

1. Root & Hypocotyl Disease Index = RHDI 2. Beta vulgaris

ﻩﺪﺷﻭﻼﻛﻮﺗﺍ ﺭﺪﻨﻐﭼ )

١٠ ﺭﺬﺑ / ١٠٠ ﻚﺸﺧ ﻙﺎﺧ ﻡﺮﮔ (

ﻲﻃ

ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻥﻮﻴﺳﺎﺑﻮﻜﻧﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ٢

ﻭ ٧ ﻩﺩﻮﻟﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﺯﻭﺭ ﺎﺑ ﻱﺯﺎﺳ

ﻤﻴﺗ ﻭ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﻪﻳﺎﻣ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺭﺎ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﺶﻛ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ، ﻳ

ﺖﺧﺍﻮﻨﮑ

ﺪﻧﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻁﻮﻠﺨﻣ ﻙﺎﺧ ﺎﺑ .

ﻥﺍﺪﻠﮔ ﺪﺣ ﺎﺗ ﺎﻫ ٥٠

ﺪﺻﺭﺩ

ﻱﺎﻣﺩ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﻠﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺑﺁ ﻙﺎﺧ ﻱﺭﺍﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﺖﻴﻓﺮﻇ

°C

±٣ ٢٧ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻱﺭﺍﺪﻬﮕﻧ .

ﺮﻫ ﻙﺎﺧ ﻥﺍﺪﻠﮔ

٤٨ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ

،ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﺮﻫ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻠﻴﻣ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻚﻟﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺖﻗﺪﺑ

ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﻭ ﻝﺎﺑﺮﻏ ﻱﺮﺘﻣ

ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻱﺭﻭﺁ ﻊﻤﺟ ﺭﺪﻨﻐﭼ .

ﺑ ﺩﺪﻋ ﻩﺩ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺭﺍﺮﻜﺗ ﺮﻫ ﺯﺍ ﺭﺬ

ﻱﻭﺭ ﻥﺪﺷ ﻚﺸﺧﺍﻮﻫ ﻭ ﻮﺸﺘﺴﺷ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻭ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ

ﺏﺁ

‐ ﺭﺎﮔﺁ ٢ ﻞﻜﻴﻨﻔﻣﺍﺮﻠﻛ ﻚﻴﺗﻮﻴﺑ ﻲﺘﻧﺁ ﻱﻭﺎﺣ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ

PDA ﺎﻳ ﻱﺪﻴﺳﺍ ) ٤٥ / ٠ ﻲﻠﻴﻣ ﻚﻴﺘﻛﻻ ﺪﻴﺳﺍ ﺮﺘﻴﻟ ٥٠

%

،

١٠٠ ﻲﻠﻴﻣ ﺮﺘﻴﻟ ﺖﺸﻛ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ (PDA

ﻭ ﻩﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﺖﺸﻛ ﺭﺩ

C ﻱﺎﻣﺩ ٢°

٢٥± ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻱﺭﺍﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﺯﻭﺭ ﻪﺳ ﺕﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ

(Johonson et al., 1970) ﺎﻌﻓ .

ﻲﺋﺯ ﻩﺩﻮﭘ ﺖﻴﻟ R. solani

ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺰﻴﻧﻮﻠﻛ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺎﺑ R. solani

ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ .

ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ

c c c a

b c c c a b

e d c

a

b b

bb aa

d cc

b a

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

(ﺪﺻرد) ﺪﺷرﻲﮔﺪﻧرادزﺎﺑ

0.05 0.5 5 50 500

(PPM) ﻦﻴﻟارﻮﻠﻔﻳﺮﺗ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ

Vd Aa Pu Fm Rs

(ﺪﺻﺭﺩ) ﺪﺷﺭ ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩﺯﺎﺑ ﺮﺑ ﻦﻴﻟﺍﺭﻮﻠﻔﻳﺮﺗ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺮﺛﺍ ‐١ﻞﻜﺷ ﮔ ﻲﭼﺭﺎﻗ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﮔﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻴ

ﻲﻫﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻪﭽﻫﺎ

(V.d: Verticillium dahliae, A.a: Alternaria alternata, P.u: Pythium ultimum, F.m:Fusarium monoliforme, R.s:

Rhizoctonia solani)

ﻥﻮﺘﺳ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﻑﻭﺮﺣ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﻛ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﺮﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺪﻧﺍ

ﻦﻜﻧﺍﺩ ) ۰۵ / ۰ α= ( ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﺪﻗﺎﻓ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺭﺍﺩ

.

b b b a d c c b

a

d d c

b a

e d

c b

a

ed c

b a

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

( ﺪﺻرد) ﺪﺷر ﻲﮔﺪﻧرادزﺎﺑ

Vd Aa Pu Fm Rs

ﺮﮔرﺎ ﻤﻴﺑ چرﺎ ﻗ

0.05 ppm 0.5 ppm 5 ppm 50 ppm 500 ppm

ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﺮﮔﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻱﺎﻫﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩﺯﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ‐٢ﻞﻜﺷ ﻪﺒﻨﭘ ) ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ( ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻒﻠ ﻦﻴﻟﺍﺭﻮﻠﻔﻳﺮﺗ

(0.05-500 ppm)

ﻲﻫﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﺭﺩ

.

(5)

ﺮﺑ ﻦ ...

۶۳

c c c ab

c c c b

a c c

aa b

dc b b

a

d c

b b a

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

( ﺪـﺻرد) ﺪـــﺷرﻲﮔﺪـــﻧرادزﺎﺑ

0.03 0.3 3 30 300

(PPM) ﻦﻴﻟارﻮﻠﻓ لﺎﺗا ﺖﻈﻠﻏ

Vd Aa Pu Fm Rs

(ﺪﺻﺭﺩ) ﺪﺷﺭ ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩﺯﺎﺑ ﺮﺑ ﻦﻴﻟﺍﺭﻮﻠﻓ ﻝﺎﺗﺍ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺮﺛﺍ‐٣ﻞﻜﺷ ﮔ ﻲﭼﺭﺎﻗ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﮔﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻴ

ﻲﻫﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷﺭﺩ ﻪﭽﻫﺎ

(V.d: Verticillium dahliae, A.a: Alternaria alternata, P.u: Pythium ultimum, F.m:Fusarium monoliforme, R.s:

Rhizoctonia solani) ﻥﻮﺘﺳ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﻑﻭﺮﺣ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻦﻜﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺪﻧﺍ

) ۰۵ / ۰ α= ( ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﺪﻗﺎﻓ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺭﺍﺩ

.

a a a a c c cb a

c c b

b a

d c

b b

a

e d

c b

a

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

( ﺪـﺻرد) ﺪـــﺷرﻲﮔﺪـــﻧرادزﺎﺑ

Vd Aa Pu Fm Rs

ﺮﮔرﺎ ﻤﻴﺑ چرﺎﻗ

0.03 ppm 0.3 ppm 3 ppm 30 ppm 300 ppm

ﻞﻜﺷ ٤

‐ ﺭ ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩﺯﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﺪﺷ

ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺑ ﻴ ﮔ ﺮﮔﺭﺎﻤ ﻴ ﻪﭽﻫﺎ

ﻪﺒﻨﭘ ) ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ( ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻦﻴﻟﺍﺭﻮﻠﻓ ﻝﺎﺗﺍ

(0.03-300 ppm)

ﻲﻫﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﺭﺩ

(V.d: Verticillium dahliae, A.a: Alternaria alternata, P.u: Pythium ultimum, F.m:Fusarium monoliforme, R.s: Rhizoctonia solani)

ﻥﻮﺘﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺪﻧﺍ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﻑﻭﺮﺣ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﻛ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﺮﻫ

ﻦﻜﻧﺍﺩ ) ۰۵ / ۰ α= ( ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﺪﻗﺎﻓ .

c bc b a a a

d c c b a a

a b b cd

e

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

(ﺪﺻرد ) ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ يرﺎﻤﻴﺑ

R.s F.m P.u

ﺮﮔرﺎﻤﻴﺑ چرﺎﻗ

0 (control) 0.05 ppm 0.5 ppm 5 ppm 50 ppm 500 ppm

ﻞﻜﺷ ٥

‐ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻦﻴﻟﺍﺭﻮﻠﻔﻳﺮﺗ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ

(0.05-500 ppm)

ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﺲﻧﻻﻭﺮﻳﻭ ﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﻠﮔ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺒﻨﭘ ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﺮﮔﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ

(R.s: Rhizoctonia solani, F.m: Fusarium moniliforme, P.u: Pythium ultimum)

.

a b b c cd

d e

dcc b a

d dc c b a

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

(ﺪﺻرد ) ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ

يرﺎﻤﻴﺑ

R.s F.m P.u

ﺮﮔرﺎﻤﻴﺑ چرﺎﻗ

0 (control) 0.03 ppm 0.3 ppm 3 ppm 30 ppm 300 ppm

ﻞﻜﺷ ٦

‐ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻦﻴﻟﺍﺭﻮﻠﻓ ﻝﺎﺗﺍ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ

(0.03-300 ppm)

ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﺲﻧﻻﻭﺮﻳﻭ ﺮﺑ ﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻴ ﺮﮔﺭﺎﻤ ﻪﺒﻨﭘ ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ

ﻪﻧﺎﺨﻠﮔ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﺭﺩ

(R.s: Rhizoctonia solani, F.m: Fusarium moniliforme, P.u: Pythium ultimum)

.

b a a

b

a a

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5

ﻲﻣﻮﻳرازﻮﻓ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ

ﻦﻴﻟارﻮﻠﻓ لﺎﺗا ﻦﻴﻟارﻮﻠﻔﻳﺮﺗ 0 0.2ml/kg.soil 0.4ml/kg.soil

ﺶﮐﻒﻠﻋ

ﻞﻜﺷ ٧

‐ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻒﻠﻋ ﺶﻛ ﻦﻴﻟﺍﺭﻮﻠﻓ ﻝﺎﺗﺍ ﻭ ﻦﻴﻟﺍﺭﻮﻠﻔﻳﺮﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ )

٢ / ٠ ﻭ

٤ / ٠ ﻲﻠﻴﻣ ﺮﺘﻴﻟ / ﮔﻮﻠﻴﻛ ﻙﺎﺧ ﻡﺮ ( ﺮﺑ ﻭ ﻪﺸﻳﺭ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ

ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﻪﺒﻨﭘ ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻞﻴﺗﻮﻛﻮﭙﻴﻫ F. moniliforme

ﺭﺩ

ﻪﻧﺎﺨﻠﮔ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ

ﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﻮﺘﺳ ﻒﻠﻋ

ﺶﻛ ﻦﻜﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺪﻧﺍ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﻑﻭﺮﺣ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﻛ

) ۰۵ / ۰ α= ( ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﺪﻗﺎﻓ .

ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ١

‐ ﻥﻮﻴﺳﺎﺑﻮﻜﻧﺍ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﺮﺛﺍ ﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ )

ﺯﻭﺭ ( ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﻭ

ﻦﻴﻟﺍﺭﻮﻠﻓ ﻝﺎﺗﺍ ﻭ ﻦﻴﻟﺍﺭﻮﻠﻔﻳﺮﺗ )

ﻥﻮﻴﻠﻴﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻤﺴﻗ (

ﺮﺑ ﺪﺷﺭ

ﻲﺋﺯ ﻩﺩﻮﭘ

R. solani

ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻊﺒﻨﻣ ﻱﺩﺍﺯﺁ ﻪﺟﺭﺩ

ﻦﻴﻟﺍﺭﻮﻠﻔﻳﺮﺗ ﻦﻴﻟﺍﺭﻮﻠﻓ ﻝﺎﺗﺍ

ﻥﻮﻴﺳﺎﺑﻮﻜﻧﺍ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ

** ١ ٩٨٤ /

** ٨٣٩٨ ٤ / ٨٥٢٦

ﻩﺎﺒﺘﺷﺍ ) ١ ( ٦

٣١٨ / ٣ ١١٧

/ ٨

ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﻒﻠﻋ ﺶﻛ

** ٤ ٧١ /

** ٧٧٩ ٤ / ٩٤٣

ﻥﻮﻴﺳﺎﺑﻮﻜﻧﺍ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ×

ﺖﻈﻠﻏ

** ٤ ٠٣١ /

** ٢٣٥ ٤ / ٦١

ﻩﺎﺒﺘﺷﺍ ) ٢ ( ٢٤

٣٠٧ / ٤ ٢٨٣

/ ٤

ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ (%)

٩١ / ٣ ٢٤

/ ٤

ﻭ *

:**

ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ۵

ﻭ ۱ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ

.

(6)

۶۴

ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ۴۰ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ، ۲ ، ۱۳۸۸

ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ٢

‐ ﻦﻴﻟﺍﺭﻮﻠﻔﻳﺮﺗ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺮﺛﺍ )

ﻥﻮﻴﺳﺎﺑﻮﻜﻧﺍ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ )

ﺯﻭﺭ ( ﻲﺋﺯ ﻩﺩﻮﭘ ﺪﺷﺭ ﺮﺑ

R. solani

) ﺭﺪﻨﻐﭼ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﻥﻮﻴﺳﺍﺰﻴﻧﻮﻠﻛ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺮﺑ (

ﻥﻮﻴﺳﺎﺑﻮﻜﻧﺍ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ٠

٥ ٥٠

٥٠٠ ٥٠٠٠

ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ

ﻥﻮﻴﺳﺍﺰﻴﻧﻮﻠﻛ ﺭﺬﺑ

(%)

f ٢ g ٣٩

٨٤ / g ٣٦ ٥٦ / h ٣٤

g ٣٢ A ٣٤

٦ / ٣٨

e ٧ ٧ / d ٤٥ ٢٥ / c ٦٤ ٧٥ / b ٦٧ ٢٥ / a ٧٦ B ٨١

٦ / ٦٧

ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ٨E

/ D ٤٠ ٧٥ / C ٤٧ ٨ / B ٥١ ٦٢ / A ٥٨ ٥ / ٦٦

ﺩ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﻚﭼﻮﻛ ﻑﻭﺮﺣ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﺪﻗﺎﻓ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﻦﺘﻣ ﺭ

ﻲﻣ ﻦﻜﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺭﺍﺩ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ

.

ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﺪﻗﺎﻓ ﻒﻳﺩﺭﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﮒﺭﺰﺑ ﻑﻭﺮﺣ ﻲﻣ ﻦﻜﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺭﺍﺩ

ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ .

ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﺪﻗﺎﻓ ﻥﻮﺘﺳ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﮒﺭﺰﺑ ﻑﻭﺮﺣ ﻲﻣ ﻦﻜﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺭﺍﺩ

ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ .

ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ٣

‐ ﻠﻏ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻦﻴﻟﺍﺭﻮﻠﻓ ﻝﺎﺗﺍ ﺖﻈ )

ﻥﻮﻴﺳﺎﺑﻮﻜﻧﺍ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ )

ﺯﻭﺭ ( ﻲﺋﺯ ﻩﺩﻮﭘ ﺪﺷﺭ ﺮﺑ

R.solani

) ﺭﺪﻨﻐﭼ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﻥﻮﻴﺳﺍﺰﻴﻧﻮﻠﻛ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺮﺑ (

ﻥﻮﻴﺳﺎﺑﻮﻜﻧﺍ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ٠

٣ ٣٠

٣٠٠ ٣٠٠٠

ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ

f ٢ g ٤١

٧٦ / h ٣٨ ٢٣ / h ٣٦ ٤ / h ٣٤ ٨ / A ٣٦ ٣ / ٣٤

e ٧ ٦٢ / d ٤٨ ٣ / c ٦٧ ٨٤ / b ٦٨ ٢ / a ٧٩ ٢ / B ٨٤ ٥ / ٦٣

ﻣ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴ ٥E

/ D ٣٥ ٧٥ / C ٤ ٢٥ / B ٤٩ ٢٥ / A ٥٦ ٢٥ / ٦٢

ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﺪﻗﺎﻓ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﻦﺘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﻚﭼﻮﻛ ﻑﻭﺮﺣ ﻲﻣ ﻦﻜﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺭﺍﺩ

ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ .

ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﺪﻗﺎﻓ ﻒﻳﺩﺭﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﮒﺭﺰﺑ ﻑﻭﺮﺣ ﻲﻣ ﻦﻜﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺭﺍﺩ

ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ .

ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﺪﻗﺎﻓ ﻥﻮﺘﺳ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﮒﺭﺰﺑ ﻑﻭﺮﺣ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ

ﻲﻣ ﻦﻜﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺭﺍﺩ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ

.

ﺚﺤﺑ

ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ In vitro

ﻪﻛ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩﺯﺎﺑ ﺮﺛﺍ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﺶﻛ ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﻲﻣﻮﻴﻠﻴﺴﻴﻣ ﺪﺷﺭ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻲﭼﺭﺎﻗ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺭﺍﺩ ) ٠١ / ٠ α = ( ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﻭ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﻒﻠﻋ

ﺶﻛ ﻭ

ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺑ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ )

ﻞﻜﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ ٤

‐ ١ .(

ﻦﻴﺑ ﻼﺜﻣ ﺲﻜﻋ

ﻲﻣﻮﻴﻠﻴﺴﻴﻣ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ

ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﻚﻳﺭﺩ ﺮﮔﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻦﻴﻟﺍﺭﻮﻠﻔﻳﺮﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ

) ﻞﻜﺷ ٢ .(

ﹰﺎﻋﻮﻧ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩﺯﺎﺑ ﺯﺍ F.m

ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻱﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺪﺷﺭ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻲﭼﺭﺎﻗ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻪﻳﺍﺪﺟ ﺖﻴﺳﺎﺴﺣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺮﮔﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﺶﻛ ﻲﻣ ﺍﺩ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﺍﺭ ﺮﻳﺯ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﺩ

:

F. moniliforme > R. solani > P. ultimum >

A. alternata > V. Dahliae

، ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﺎﺗ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻱﺍ

ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ Neubauere & Avizahar-

Harsheson 1973)

ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﺖﻘﺑﺎﻄﻣ ( .

ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ﺪﻧﺩﺮﻛ ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ

ﻪﻛ ﺪﺷﺭ R. solani ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﺭﺩ

In vitro ﻂﺳﻮﺗ

ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﻦﻴﻟﺍﺭﻮﻠﻔﻳﺮﺗ .

ﺭﺩ ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩﺯﺎﺑ ﺮﺛﺍ ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻦﻳﺍ

ﻦﻴﻟﺍﺭﻮﻠﻓ ﻝﺎﺗﺍ ﺎﺗ

ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ٣ppm / ٠ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻣﻮﻴﻠﻴﺴﻴﻣ ﺪﺷﺭ F.m

ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻭ R.s

ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ P.u ) ﻞﻜﺷ ٣ ( ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻟﻭ ﻱﺎﻫ

،ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﺯﺍ R.s

ﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩﺯﺎﺑ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺩﻮﺑ

) ﻦﻴﺑ ﻲﺳﻮﺴﺤﻣ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﻭ F.m

ﺖﺷﺍﺪﻧ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ P.u .(

ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺎﻫ ﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ V.d

ﺮﻴﺛﺎ ﻒﻠﻋ ﺶﻛ ﺎﻫ

ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺖﻴﺳﺎﺴﺣ ﻡﺪﻋ ﺍﺬﻟ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺒﻧ ﻒﻠﻋ

ﺶﻛ

ﺪﺷ ﺪﻴﻳﺎﺗ .

ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﺶﻛ ﺮﺑ

ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﻲﺋﺍﺰﻳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ F.m ﻱﺎﻫ

P.u ، R.s ﻭ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ

) ﺶﻔﻜﻠﻋ ﻥﻭﺪﺑ ﺭﺎﻤﻴﺗ (

ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺭﺍﺩ ) ٠٥ / ٠ α= ( ﻭﺩ ﺮﻫ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﺶﻛ ﻩﺪﻨﻳﺍﺰﻓ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﺮﺑ ﻱﺍ

ﺍ F.m ﺯ P.u ﻭ ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺩ ) ﻞﻜﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ ٥ ﻭ ٦ .(

ﺕﺎﺸﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ

In vitro ﺨﻠﮔ ﻭ

ﻪﻧﺎ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻞﻴﻟﺪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻱﺍ

ﻪﻧﺍﻮﺟ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﭙﺳﺪﻴﻣﻼﻛ ﻲﻧﺯ

ﺭﺩ F.m ﺕﺭﻭﺎﺠﻣ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﺶﻛ ﻲﮔﺩﻮﻟﺁ ﺭﺩ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﺲﻧﻻﻭﺮﻳﻭ ﻭ ﻢﺟﺎﻬﺗ ﺕﺭﺪﻗ ،

ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻪﺒﻨﭘ ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ .

ﻪﻛ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻱﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ

ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺲﻜﻋ ﺕﺭﻭﺎﺠﻣ ﺭﺩP.u

ﻠﻋ ﻒ ﺶﻛ ﻭ ﻦﻴﻟﺍﺭﻮﻠﻔﻳﺮﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺏﺁ ﻭ ﻊﻳﺎﻣ ﺖﺸﻛ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻴﻟﺍﺭﻮﻠﻓ ﻝﺎﺗﺍ

‐ ﺭﺎﮔﺁ ٢ %

ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﻌﻧﺎﻤﻣ ﻭ ﺎﻫﮋﻧﺍﺭﻮﭙﺳﺍ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺕﺭﻮﺼﺑ ﻪﻧﺍﻮﺟ ﻲﻣ ﺮﻫﺎﻇ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﻱﺎﻫﮋﻧﺍﺭﻮﭙﺳﺍ ﻲﻧﺯ ﺩﻮﺷ

. ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ

ﻲﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺖﻴﻫﺎﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺮﻛ ﺎﻋﺩﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﮒﺮﻣ

ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﺷﺎﻧ ﻲﻧﺍﺪﻠﮔ ﺕﺎﺸﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﺭﺩ P.u

ﻲ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺯﺍ

ﮔ ﺖﻴﺳﺎﺴﺣ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻪﺒﻨﭘ ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴ

.

Pinckard & Standifer (1996)

ﻲﺗﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻲﻃ ﺰﻴﻧ

(7)

ﺮﺑ ﻦ ...

۶۵

ﻩﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺭﺎﻬﻇﺍ ﺪﻧﺍ

ﻉﻮﻗﻭ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺕﺪﺷ ﻭ

ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ

ﻪﺒﻨﭘ ﻭ P.u

ﻟﺩ ﻪﺑ ،ﻦﻴﻟﺍﺭﻮﻠﻔﻳﺮﺗ ﻑﺮﺼﻣ ﺮﺛﺍ ﺭﺩ R.s ﻴ

ﻞ

ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻪﺒﻨﭘ ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﺖﻴﺳﺎﺴﺣ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ .

ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ

Youssef et al.

1987) ( ﻟﺍﺭﻮﻠﻔﻳﺮﺗ ﻑﺮﺼﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻦﻴ

ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻪﺑ ٧٥

/ ٠ ﺪﻧﻮﭘ / ﺖﻴﺳﺎﺴﺣ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ،ﺮﻜﻳﺍ

ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻭ R.s

ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺎﺗ ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ٣٩

ﺩﺮﮔ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻳ

ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪ . ﻪﭼﺮﮔﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻖﺒﻃ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﺶﻛ ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﻟﺍﺭﻮﻠﻓ ﻝﺎﺗﺍ

ﺯﺍ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﻭ F.m

ﺎﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻧﻮﺘﻛﻭﺰﻳﺭ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻲﻟﻭ ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ P.u

ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻲﺗﺎﻧﺎﺳﻮﻧ )

ﻞﻜﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ ٥ ﻭ ٦ .(

ﻞﻜﺷ ٧ ﺑ ، ﻪ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻲﺑﻮﺧ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﻟﺍﺭﻮﻠﻔﻳﺮﺗ ﺪﻫﺩ

ﻞﻴﺗﻮﻛﻮﭙﻴﻫ ﻭ ﻪﺸﻳﺭ ﻲﻣﻮﻳﺭﺍﺯﻮﻓ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻝﺎﺗﺍ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﻤﻴﺗ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻦﮑﻴﻟﻭ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻪﺒﻨﭘ ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﻭ ﻦﻴﻟﺍﺭﻮﻠﻓ )

ﻥﻭﺪﺑ ﻒﻠﻋ ﺶﻛ ( ﻲﻓﻼﺘﺧﺍ

ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮕﻧ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ .

ﺮﺛﺍ ﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻒﻠﻋ

ﺶﻛ ﺮﺑ

ﺀﺎﻘﺑ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻲﺋﺯ ﻩﺩﻮﭘ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻭ

R. solani )

ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ١ ( ﻥﺎﺸﻧ

ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺖﻔﺻ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻒﻠﻋ

ﺶﻛ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ،

ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻭ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ ﻭ ﻥﻮﻴﺳﺎﺑﻮﻜﻧﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ

ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ) ٠١ / ٠ α= ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ .(

ﻱﺎﻫ ٢ ﻭ ٣ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﺩﺮﮐ

ﻲﺋﺯ ﻩﺩﻮﭘ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻪﻛ R. solani

ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﺶﻛ ﻲﻧﻻﻮﻃ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻥﻮﻴﺳﺎﺑﻮﻜﻧﺍ ﺮﺗ

) ٧٦ % ﻭ ٨٤ .(%

ﺭﺩ ﻲﺋﺯ ﻩﺩﻮﭘ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻭ ﺀﺎﻘﺑ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ

ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ،ﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻦﻴﻟﺍﺭﻮﻠﻔﻳﺮﺗ ﺕﺭﻭﺎﺠﻣ ﻱ

ﺖﻔﻫ ﻲﻃ ﻪﮐ

ﺳﺭ ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﻭﺩ ﺩﻭﺪﺣ ﻪﺑ ﺯﻭﺭ ﻴ

ﺪ . ﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﻳ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻦ

ﻲﺋﺯ ﻩﺩﻮﭘ ﺪﺷﺭ R. solani

ﻲﻣ ﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﺭﺎﻬﻇﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻳ

ﻦ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﺶﻛ ﺎﻫ ﺯﺍ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻲﺋﺎﻴﻧﻮﺘﻛﻭﺰﻳﺭ

ﻣ ﺏﻮﺴﺤﻣ ﻪﻋﺭﺰﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺒﻨﭘ ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ

ﻲ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ . ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ

ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﻠﮔ ﻭ ﻲﻫﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺍ

ﻱ ﺎﺗ ﻴﻳ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺪ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﺶﻛ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﺲﻧﻻﻭﺮﻳﻭ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻪﻧ ﺎﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﮔ ﺮﮔﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻴ

ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﻟﺍﺭﻮﻠﻔﻳﺮﺗ ﻪﻜﻠﺑ ﺪﻧﺍ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺪﻧ ﻪﭽﻫﺎ

ﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻳ ﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻪﺒﻨﭘ ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻉﻮﻗﻭ ﺶ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﻪﻠﻤﺣ ﺮﺛ

ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻭ F.m ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺪﺷ P.u ﻱ

ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻪﻛ

ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻤﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻒﻠﻋ

ﺶﻛ ﺖﺷﺍﺩ . ،ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺕﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻪﺑ

ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺖﻴﻫﺎﻣ ﻪﺒﻨﭘ ﻪﻗﻮﻃ ﻭ ﻪﺸﻳﺭ ﻲﮔﺪﻴﺳﻮﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﺮﺛﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻭ P.u ﺯﺍ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﹰﻻﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ F.m

ﻪﺒﻨﭘ ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﺖﻴﺳﺎﺴﺣ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ )

ﻲﻜﻳﮊﻮﻟﻮﻳﺰﻴﻓ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ

ﻩﺎﻴﮔ ( ﺮﮔﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺲﻧﻻﻭﺮﻳﻭ ﻭ )

ﻪﻧﺍﻮﺟ ﻭ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﻚﻳﺮﺤﺗ ﻲﻧﺯ

ﺩﺍﺯ ﻪﻳﺎﻣ ﻩﺩﻮﻟﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛ

( ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ .

ﻪﻛ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﻪﺑ

ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺐﻟﺎﻏ ﺀﺎﻘﺑ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﭙﺳﺍ ،ﺎﻫﺭﻮﭙﺳﺪﻴﻣﻼﻛ ﻱﺎﻫ

Fusarium ﻲﻣ ﺏﻮﺴﺤﻣ ﻙﺎﺧ ﺭﺩ

ﻚﻳﺮﺤﺗ ﺍﺬﻟ ﺪﻧﺩﺮﮔ

ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻒﻠﻋ

ﺶﻛ ﺮﻤﻋ ﻝﻮﻃ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ،

ﺱﺎﻜﻌﻧﺍ ﻙﺎﺧ ﺭﺩ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﻲﻣ

ﺪﺑﺎﻳ . ﺍ ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻲﻣ ﻝﺎﻤﺘﺣ

ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﻛ ﻒﻠﻋ

ﺶﻛ ﻮﺗ ﺃ ﺵﺩﺮﮔ ﺎﻳ ﻪﺒﻨﭘ ﺮﻤﺘﺴﻣ ﺖﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﺎﺑ ﻡ

ﻪﺑ ﺱﺎﺴﺣ ﺕﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺒﻨﭘ ﻲﻋﺍﺭﺯ Fusarium

ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﻪﻳﺎﻣ ﻞﻴﺴﻧﺎﺘﭘ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺕﺎﺠﻳﺰﺒﺳ ﻭ ﺎﻳﻮﺳ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﺩﻮﺷ .

ﻱﺭﺍﺰﮕﺳﺎﭙﺳ

ﻪﺴﺳﻮﻣ ﻲﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺡﺮﻃ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻪﺒﻨﭘ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻠﻴﺳﻭ ﻦﻳﺪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻩﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻦﻴﻣﺎﺗ

ﻭ ﺕﺪﻋﺎﺴﻣ ﻦﻴﺴﻨﻜﺗ ﻭ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ

ﺶﺨﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻲﻣ ﻲﻧﺍﺩﺭﺪﻗ ﻭ ﺮﻜﺸﺗ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭙﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺩﺩﺮﮔ

.

REFERENCES

1. Ahmad, I., Bissett, J. & Malloch, D. (1995). Influence of the bioherbicide phosphinothricin on interaction between phytopathogens and their antagonists. Canadian Journal of Botany, 73, 1750-1760.

2. Altman, J. (1985). Enhancement of Verticillium wilt on solanaceous vegetables by treflan.

Phytopathology, 75, 1348.

3. Altman, J., Neate, S. & Rovira, A. D. (1990). Herbicide-pathogen interactions and mycoherbicides as alternative strategies for weed control. In R. E. Hoagland (Ed.), Microbes and Microbial Products as Herbicides. (pp. 240–259). American Chemical Society, Washington, DC.

4. Atlas, R. M., Pramer, D. & Bartha, R. (1978). Assessment of pesticide effect on non-target soil microorganisms. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 10, 213-239.

5. Brown, S. L. (1979). Rhizosphere effect of herbicides- stressed sickle-pod on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.

vasinfectum. MS. thesis. Auburn University, Auburn, A. L. 47p.

6. Colyer, P. D. (1988). Frequency and Pathogenicity of Fusarium spp. associated with seedling disease of cotton in Louisiana. Plant Disease, 72, 400- 402.

7. Edwards, C. A. (1989). Impact of herbicides on soil ecosystems. Critical Review in Plant Science, 8, 221-57.