۱
ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﻀﻓ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻱﺎﻫ
١٢ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ GIS
ﺝﺮﻓ ﺮﻬﭼﻮﻨﻣ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ ﻩﺩﺍﺯ
ﺱﺭﺪﻣ ﺖﻴﺑﺮﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﺎﻴﻓﺍﺮﻐﺟ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺎﻳﺩﺎﺘﺳﺍ
ir . ac . modares
@ farajzam
ﻲﻣﻮﺼﻌﻣ ﻪﻴﺿﺮﻣ
ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷﺭﺎﻛ ﻓﺍﺮﻐﺟ ﺪﺷﺭﺍ
ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻭ ﺎﻴ ﺱﺭﺪﻣ ﺖﻴﺑﺮﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ
ﻩﺪﻴﻜﭼ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻲﺗﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻭ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺕﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻡﺩﺮﻣ ﻡﻮﻤﻋ ﻲﺳﺮﺘﺳﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻳﺍﺰﺳ
. ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ
ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ١٢ ﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﺮ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺕﻼﻴﻬﺴﺗ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﻲﺳﺮﺘﺳﺩ ،ﻲﻳﺎﻀﻓ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ .
ﻭ ﻪﻳﺎﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺸﻘﻧ ﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻦﻴﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ
ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺲﭙﺳ ،ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻱﺭﻭﺁ ﻊﻤﺟ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺕﻼﻴﻬﺴﺗ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ﺮﻳﺯ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻮﺳ ﺢﻄﺳ ،ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻪﻴﻬﺗ ﻥﺎﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻞﻴﻤﻜﺗ ﻭ .
ﻪﻛ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻪﻜﻨﻳﺍ ﻢﻏﺭ ﻲﻠﻋ
ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ١٢
ﺖﺳﺍ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻱﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻲﻧﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻲﻟﻭ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﻪﻳ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ .
ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ
ﻱﻮﮕﺨﺳﺎﭘ ﻪﺟﻮﭽﻴﻫ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﺕﻼﻴﻬﺴﺗﻭ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻜﻣﺍ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺒﻧ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻲﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻲﻳﺎﻀﻓ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ
ﻉﺎﻌﺷ ١٠٠٠ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺳﺮﺘﺳﺩ ﻭ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻤﻧ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻓﺍﺮﻐﺟ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻪﻧﺎﻣﺎﺳ ﻊﺑﺍﻮﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺶﺷﻮﭘ ﺖﺤﺗ ﻱﺮﺘﻣ
ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ .
ﺭﺩ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻱﺎﻫﺎﻀﻓ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﻣ ﻞﺣ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ
ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩ
.
ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻛ ﻱﺪﻴﻠﻛ : ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ، ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ , ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ
،ﻲﻳﺎﻀﻓ ﻪﻧﺎﻣﺎﺳ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻓﺍﺮﻐﺟ .
-١ ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﻥﺎﻜﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ ﺪﻳﺎﺷ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ
, ﻢﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﻗﻭﺍ ﻥﺍﺭﺬﮔ ﻭ ﻱﺯﻭﺪﻧﺍ ﺖﻏﺍﺮﻓ
, ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ .
ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻱﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻲﻣ
ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺎﻔﻳﺍ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻱﻼﺘﻋﺍ ﻭ ﺪﺷﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻤﻬﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ ﺪﻨﻧﺍﻮﺗ .
ﻪﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻦﻴﻤﻫ ﻥﺁ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ
ﺕﺭﺪﻗ ﻚﻳ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻫ
ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺏﻮﺴﺤﻣ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟﺭﺩ ﺭﺍﺬﮔﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ ﻭ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ .
ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻡﺎﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻭ ﺱﻮﺴﺤﻣ ﻱﺪﺣ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺪﻧﺍﻮﺧ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ
.
ﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻞﺤﻣ ﻲﻨﻳﺰﮔ ﻥﺎﻜﻣ ﻱﺍﺮ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ،ﺎﻫ
, ﻱﺎﻀﻓ ﻭ ﺯﺎﻴﻧﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻱﻭﺮﻴﻧ ﻙﺭﺍﺪﺗ ﻭ ﻲﺿﺍﺭﺍ ﻱﺮﺑﺭﺎﻛ
ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺎﻫ , ﻪﻳﻮﻬﺗ ﺙﺍﺪﺣﺍﺯﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ؛ﻉﻮﺒﻄﻣ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻭ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ
ﺎﻫ , ﺎﻀﻋﺍ , ﻥﺎﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ , ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺙﺍﺪﺣﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ؛ﻲﺒﻨﺟ ﻭ ﻲﻫﺎﻓﺭ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻭ
،ﺩﺮﻴﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺯﻳ ﻌﻤﺟ ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ﺍﺮ ﻴ
ﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﻭ ﺖ ﻱ
ﺿﺍﺭﺍ ﻲ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻑﺍﺮﻃﺍ ﺯ ﻭ ﺎﻫ
ﻳ ﺎﻫ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ﺮ ﻱ
ﻟﻭﺍ ﻴ ﻤﻧ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺁ ﻪ ﻲ
ﻐﺗ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﮐ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻴﻴ
ﻭ ﺩﺍﺩ ﺮ
ﺎﺑﻳ ﺍﺮﺑ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺪ ﻱ
ﺭ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻥﺁ ﻳﺰ
ﻱ ﻟﻭ ،ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲ ﺒﻨﺟ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻭ ﺎﻀﻋﺍ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ ،ﺎﻫ ﺏﺎﺘﮐ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻲ
ﻣ ﺍﺭ ﻲ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻨﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﮐ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ
ﻣ ﻝﺎﺒﻘﺘﺳﺍ ﻐﺗ ﻥﺎﻌﺟﺍﺮ ﻴﻴ ﺩﺍﺩ ﺵﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻭ ﺮ ]
١ [.
ﻩﺯﻭﺮﻣﺍ , ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻢﻛ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻱﺎﻫ
, ﺍﺮﺷ ﻳ ﻡﺎﻧ ﺖﺒﺛ ﻂ )
ﻑﺮﻌﻣ ﻭ ﻦﻔﻠﺗ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﻦﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ (
ﻥﺎﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ ﻲﻨﺳ ﻁﺮﺷ ﻭ ,
ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻭ ﻲﻤﻳﺪﻗ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺪﻣﺁﺭﺎﻛﺎﻧ ) ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﻳﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻱﺮﺼﺑ ﻭ ﻲﻌﻤﺳ ﻞﻳﺎﺳﻭ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻡﺪﻋ ﺹﻮﺼﺧ ( ,
ﺖﻓﺎﺴﻣ ﻲﻃ ﻭ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣﺎﻧ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺮﻃﺎﺨﻣﺮﭘ ﻭ ﻲﻧﻻﻮﻃ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻳﻭ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻬﺷﺭﺩ ﻩﮋ
ﮒﺭﺰﺑ , ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺳﺮﺘﺳﺩ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳﺭﺍﻮﺷﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻫ
. ﻲﻠﻴﻄﻌﺗ ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑ ﻥﻭﺰﻓﺍ ﻭ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﻥﺎﻗﺎﺘﺸﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺕﺪﻣ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻧﻻﻮﻃ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻧﺍﻮﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ , ﻪﺑ ﻩﺯﺎﺗ ﺹﻮﺼﺧ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺍﺩﺭﺍﻭ
ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻑﺮﺻ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻪﺑ ﻦﺘﻓﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺗﺪﻣ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﻜﻤﻣ ﻭ ﺩﺮﻴﮔ .
ﻪﺑ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻕﻮﻓ ﻞﻳﺎﺴﻣ ﺖﻠﻋ
ﻱﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻤﻧ ﻪﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺪﻨﻨﻛ .
” ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛﺮﺜﻛﺍ ﻲﺑ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺲﻳﻭﺮﺳ ﻪﻧﻮﮔﺮﻫ ﺪﻗﺎﻓ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻥﺍﺩﺍﻮﺳ , ﻭ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ
ﻩﺎﻣﺩﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﺎﺗ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ١٣٧٠
, ﻂﻘﻓ ١٣ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻲﻳﺎﺸﮔﺯﺎﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ
“ . ” ﻥﺎﺘﺴﺑﺎﺗ ﺎﺗ ١٣٨٢ , ٦٤ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ
ﻪﻧﺎﮕﺘﺴﻴﺑ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ .
ﻲﻃ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻳ ١٢
ﻝﺎﺳ , ٥١ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛﺯﺍﺮﻴﻏ
ﺪﺟﺎﺴﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ,
ﻪﻴﻨﻴﺴﺣ ﻱﺮﻜﻓ ﺵﺭﻭﺮﭘ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻛ ﻭ ﺎﻫ
[ Downloaded from hsmsp.modares.ac.ir on 2022-11-03 ]
۲
ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻧﺍﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻛﺩﻮﻛ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ
ﺪﻧﺍ
“ ] ٢ ( . ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﺗﺭﻮﺻ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻲﻔﻴﻛ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻪﻛ
ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻱﺪﻨﻛ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻲﻣ ﻭ ﺩﺮﻴﮔ
ﺷﺭ ﺎﺑ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ ﭻﻴﻫ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺪ
. ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﻜﻣ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ١٢
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻓﺍﺮﻐﺟ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﻳﺎﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻦﻴﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻭ .
٢ - ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻪﻨﻴﺸﻴﭘ
ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻱ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻜﻣﺍ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻭ ﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺮﻣ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺝﺭﺎﺧ ﻭ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻦﻴﻘﻘﺤﻣ
:
ﻲﮕﻧﺯ ﻱﺩﺎﺑﺁ ) ١٣٨١ ( ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻥﺎﻣﺮﻛ ﺮﻬﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺳﺮﺘﺳﺩ ﻭ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻱﺎﻫ
. ﻪﻧﺎﻣﺎﺳ ﻚﻤﻛ ﺎﺑ ﻭﺍ
ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻓﺍﺮﻐﺟ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ
) ١
ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﻧﺎﻜﻣ ﻪﺑ (
ﻪﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻥﺎﻣﺮﻛﺮﻬﺷ ﻲﺗﺁﻭ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖﺳﺍ
] ٣ [ . ﻲﻧﺎﺟﺮﻣ ) ١٣٧٧ ( ﻩﺍﺭ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻞﺣ
ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﻊﻤﺟ ﻭ ﺶﺨﭘ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻱﺭ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻱﺭﻭﺁ ﻥﺎﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ
, ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻜﻣﺍ ﻩﻮﺤﻧ ﻞﺼﻔﻣﺭﻮﻃ
ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺕﺎﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻫ
. ﺯﺍ ﺶﻴﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻱﻭ ٥٠
ﺘﻛ ﻱﺎﻀﻋﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎ
ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺱﺭﺩ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ
, ﺖﺴﺗ ﻭ ﻲﺳﺭﺩ ﻚﻤﻛ ﻲﻣ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺭﻮﻜﻨﻛ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻱﺭﻮﻜﻨﻛ ﺖﺸﭘ ﺎﻳ ﻞﺼﺤﻣ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻳﺁ ]
٤ [.
ﻱﺯﻭﺮﻔﻬﺑ ) ١٣٧٠ ( ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺪﻧ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻲﻧﺎﻜﻣ ﻞﻳﺎﺴﻣ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻜﻣﺍ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ]
٥ [ . ﻥﺎﻳﺩﻭﺍﺩ ١٣٧٦ ( ﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻑﺪ
ﺖﻳﺎﺿﺭ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻱﺪﻨﻣ
ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﺴﺑﺍﻭ ﻱﺎﻫ
- ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮﻬﺷ ﻱﺮﻨﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛ
ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗﺮﻬﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻣﻼﺳﺍ ﺩﺎﺷﺭﺍ ﻭ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺕﺭﺍﺯﻭ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﺴﺑﺍﻭ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ .
ﻂﻘﻓ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻱﻭ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
ﺍﻮﺿ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯﺭﺩ
ﺕﺍﺭﺮﻘﻣﻭ ﻂﺑ
, ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ
ﺖﻳﺎﺿﺭ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ
ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛﺯﺍ
ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻪﺘﺴﺑﺍﻭ ﻪﺑ ﺕﺭﺍﺯﻭ
ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻲﻣﻼﺳﺍﺩﺎﺷﺭﺍ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳﺯﺍﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ
ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻱﺮﻨﻫ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮﻬﺷ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺳﺭﺩﻭ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ,
ﻲﻨﻌﻳ ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ , ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻲﺒﻨﺟ , ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﺕﺍﺰﻴﻬﺠﺗﻭﺎﻀﻓ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ
ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑﺩﺭﻮﻣ ,
ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﺖﻳﺎﺿﺭ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ
ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ
ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻪﺘﺴﺑﺍﻭ -
ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺖﻳﺎﺿﺭ ﺯﺍﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮﻬﺷ ﻱﺮﻨﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻣﻼﺳﺍﺩﺎﺷﺭﺍ ﻭ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﺴﺑﺍﻭ ﻱﺎﻫ ]
٦ [ .
ﻱﺫﺎﺑﺍ ) ١٣٧٦ ( ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍﺮﻬﺷ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ .
ﻥﺁ ﻱﺎﺿﺎﻘﺗ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻱﻭ ﺎﻫ
, ﺢﻄﺳ
ﺍ ﻱﺭﺍﺬﮕﺘﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻩﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻲﻌﺳ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ ﺭﺎﻈﺘﻧ ﺖﻴﻤﻛﺭﺩﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗﻭ
ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛﻭ
ﺖﻳﺎﺿﺭ ﺐﻠﺟﻭ ﻲﺗﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ
ﻥﺎﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ ,
ﻩﮋﻳﻭ ﺕﻼﻴﻬﺴﺗ
ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻱﺍ
ﻲﺳﺮﺘﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ
ﺪﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﺩﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ
] ٧ [ .
ﻥﺎﺟﺎﻗﺁ ﻩﺩﺍﺯ ) ١٣٧٥ ( ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺎﺑ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ
ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﻥﺍﺭﺪﻧﺯﺎﻣ , ﺲﭘ ﺷ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻀﻓ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨ ,
ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻱﻭﺮﻴﻧ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻜﻣﺍ ,
ﻭ ﺕﻮﻗ ﺕﺎﻜﻧ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻒﻌﺿ .
ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻱﻭ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﻲﻧﺍﻮﺨﻤﻫ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﺎﻫ
ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﻱﺭﺍﺪﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺺﺼﺨﺗ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺪﻣﺯﺍ ﻚﻴﭽﻴﻫﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻱﺭﺍﺪﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺺﺼﺨﺘﻣ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺕﺭﺪﻧ .
ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻦﻴﻨﺠﻤﻫ ﻱ
ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻲﻠﻌﻓ ﻥﺎﻜﻣﺯﺍ ﺎﻫ
ﺹﻮﺼﺨﻣ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻩﺪﺸﻧ
ﺪﻧﺍ ] ٨ [ . ﻱﺯﻭﺮﻓﺍ ﺎﻴﻧ ) ١٣٧٦ ( ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺎﺑ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺯﻮﺧ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﻛ ﻥﺎﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ ﺮﺜﻛﺍ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺒﻧ ﻲﻓﺎﻛ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺍﺭ ﻧﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻦﻴﻠﺼﺤﻣ ﻲ
ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﻲﻨﺳ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ١٥
ﺎﺗ ٢٣ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻝﺎﺳ
ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺩﺮﻣ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ .
ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
, ﻲﻣ ﻊﻔﺗﺮﻣ ﻲﺒﻨﺟ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻭ ﺎﻀﻓ ﺪﻧﺯﺎﺳ
] ٩ [ .
ﻱﺰﻴﺷﺮﺗ ) ١٣٧٤ ( ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻱﺎﻫ
- ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﺪﻬﺸﻣﺮﻬﺷ ﻲﻔﻗﻭ ﻭ ﻲﺘﻟﻭﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻱﻭ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻭ ﺎﻀﻓ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ
ﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻜﻣﺍ ﻪﻧﺎ
ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺁ ﺱﺪﻗ ﻱﻮﺿﺭ ) ﻱﺰﻛﺮﻣ ( ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻪﻴﻘﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻲﺑﻮﺧ ﻭ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﺯﺍ ﻱﻭ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻉﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﺭﺩﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻭ ﺎﻀﻓ ﺯﺍ ﺢﻴﺤﺻ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ
, ﻪﺑ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻗﻼﻋ ﻭ ﺕﺩﺎﻋ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻳﺍﺰﺳ ﺎﻫ
ﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺖﺋﺍﺮﻗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺎﺗﺪﻤﻋ ﺩﺮﻴﮔ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳ
] ١٠ [ . ﻍﻮﺷﺁ ) ۱۳۷۳ ( ﺰﻴﻧ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻥﻼﻏﺎﺷ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻜﻣﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻀﻓ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻥﻼﻴﮔ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍ ]
۱۱ [ . ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺍ ) ۱۳۷۴ ( ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻞﻴﺑﺩﺭﺍ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻧ ﻭ ﺞﻳﺎﺘ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻱﻭ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
ﺗ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺩﺍﺪﻌ ﻲﻓﺎﻛ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻧ ﻲﻨﺳ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ ﺮﺜﻛﺍ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺒ ٢٢
- ١٣ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺩﺮﺠﻣ ﻭ ﺩﺮﻣ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻝﺎﺳ .
ﺮﺑ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ
ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺮﺜﻛﺍ ﻱﺎﻀﻓ ﻪﻛ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻥﺎﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ﻲﺠﻨﺳﺮﻈﻧ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻲﺒﻨﺟ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻪﻳﺍﺭﺍ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻭ ﺎﻫ
ﺎﻫ , ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﺭﺩ
ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ ]
١٢ [ . ﺮﻓﺪﻨﻴﻔﻧﺎﻛ
) ١
)(
١٩٨٩ (
، ﺭ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ ﺖﻳﺎﺿ ﺎﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻫ
٦ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ
” ﺎﻜﻳﺮﻣﺁ ﻱﺭﺍﺪﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻦﻤﺠﻧﺍ
)“
٢ (
ﺭﺩ ﺺﺼﺨﺘﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻱﻭﺮﻴﻧ ﻭ ﺎﻀﻓ ،ﺐﺘﻛ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ،ﻲﻟﺪﻨﺻ ﻭ ﺰﻴﻣ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ،ﻉﻮﺒﻄﻣ ﻪﻳﻮﻬﺗ ،ﺕﺭﻭﺎﺠﻣ ﻪﻠﺟﺯﺍ ١٨
ﻩﻮﻴﺷ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ .
ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﭻﻴﻫ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻱﻭ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻄﺑﺍﺭ
ﻪ ﻱﺍ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺖﻳﺎﺿﺭ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ ﻱﺪﻨﻳﺎﺷﻮﺧ ﻭ ٦
ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ]
١٣ [ .
1) GIS (Geographic Information System) 1) Kanfindfer,K.
2) A.L.A.(America Library Association)
[ Downloaded from hsmsp.modares.ac.ir on 2022-11-03 ]
۳
ﺭﻮﻴﻟﻭﺍ
) ٣
) (
١٩٩٦ ( ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻲﺿﺮﻓ ﺵﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﻒﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﺍﺭ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻛ
” ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻲﺗﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻚﻧﺎﺑ
)“
٤
ﻲﻣ ﻲﻣﺍﺰﻟﺍ ﺍﺭ (
ﺪﻨﻴﺑ . ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻱﻭ ﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ ﻲﻀﻌﺑ ﺖﺤﺗ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ
ﺎﻫ , ﺍﺮﺑ ﻂﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻚﻳ ﺺﻟﺎﺧ ﺎﻳ ﺩﺮﻔﻨﻣ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻚﻳ ﻙﺭﺍﺪﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻡﻮﻤﻋ ﻱ
, ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻭ ﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﺵﺍ
ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﻭ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺎﺑ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﺩﻮﺑ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻱﺮﺑ
] ١٤ [ . ﺩﺭﺎﻧﺮﺑ
) ٥
)(
١٩٩٦ ( ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺶﻘﻧ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺖﻓﺮﺸﻴﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻚﻤﻛ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﻴﻔﻣ ﻭ ﻩﺪﻧﺯﺭﺍﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑﺍﺭ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻦﻳﺍﻭﺪﻫﺩ
ﺪﺑﺎﻳ ] ١٥ [ .
ﻥﻮﺴﻧﺎﻫ
) ٦
ﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ (
ﻪﺑ ﻚﻳﺩﺰﻧ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﻲﺳﺭ ٢١
ﺭﺎﻛ ﻝﺎﺳ ) ١٩١٨ - ١٨٩٧ ( ﺖﺳﻭ ﻲﻤﻳﺪﻗ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺖﻧﻮﻣ
),
٧
ﺢﻄﺳ ﻭ ﺎﺿﺎﻘﺗ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ (
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻡﺩﺮﻣ ﺭﺎﻈﺘﻧﺍ .
ﺩﻭﺪﺣ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻱﻭ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺪﻧﺯﺭﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻲﻌﻗﺍﻭ ﻩﺎﮕﻳﺎﺟ ﻱﻭ ﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋﺍ ﻪﺑ
٩٥ ﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻧﺍﻮﺨﻤﻫ ﻥﺎﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻧﺎ
] ١٦ [ .
ﻠﮐ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻲ ﻳﺎﻴﻓﺍﺮﻐﺟ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻲ
ﻓﺍﺮﻐﺟ ﻪﺑ ﻴ ﻣ ﻥﺎﮑﻣﺍ ﻥﺍﺰﻳﺭ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻧﺍﺪ ﻲ
ﺭﻭﺁﺩﺮﮔ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻱ
ﺍﺮﺑ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻱ
ﺯﺎﺳ ﻢﻟﺎﺳ ﻱ
ﺮﻬﺷ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻭ ﺖﺴﻳﺯ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻱ
ﺮﮕﻧ ﻩﺪﻨﻳﺁ ﺎﺑ ﻩﺍﺮﻤﻫ ﻱ
ﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻲ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻱ
ﺮﻬﺷ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺪﻴﺸﺨﺑ ﺖﻴﺑﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻱ
, ﺍ ﻩﺪﻤﻋ ﻢﻬﺳ ﻱ
ﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ
ﮑﻳ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔ ﻩﺪﻬﻋ ﻲ
ﻳﺰﮔ ﻥﺎﮑﻣ ﺎﻫﺩﺮﺒﻫﺍﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻴﻨ
ﻲ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﻨﻴﻬﺑ ]
۱۷ [ . ﺍﺮﺑ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻱ
ﺑﺎﻳ ﻥﺎﮑﻣ ﻲ ﺳﺮﺘﺳﺩ ﺖﻴﻠﺑﺎﻗ ﻭ ﻲ
ﺯﺍ
ﺋﺎﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻲ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻣ ﺏﻮﺴﺤﻣ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺭﺎﺑ ﻲ
ﺩﻮﺷ . ﻠﺑﺎﻗ ﻉﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻴ
ﺳﺮﺘﺳﺩ ﺖ ﻲ ﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﻳ ﺯﻮﺗ ﻖ ﻳ ﺎﻀﻓ ﻊ ﻲﻳ ﺗﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﺰﮐﺍﺮﻣ ﻲ
, ﺳﺮﺘﺳﺩ ﺖﻟﻮﻬﺳ ﻲ
ﺰﮐﺮﻣ ﺮﻫ ﻪﺑ ,
ﻣﻴ ﮐ ﻥﺍﺰ ﻴﻔ ﻴ ﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻭ ﺖ ﻴ
ﺎﻫ ﺖ ﻱ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻳ
ﻌﺗ ﻥﺎﮑﻣ ﮏ ﻴﻴ
ﻣ ﻦ ﻲ ﺩﻮﺷ ] ۱۸ [ . ﻋ ﺭﺩ ﻴ ﺼﺨﺗ ﻝﺎﺣ ﻦ ﻴ
ﻥﺎﮑﻣ ﻭ ﺺ ﻳﺑﺎ
ﻲ ﺍﺮﺑ ﻱ ﺿﺍﺭﺍ ﻲ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻱ ﺯﺍ
ﻮﮕﻟﺍ ﻱ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﻱ ﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﻪﻧﺍﺮﺳ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ ﺭﺩ ﻱ
ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻱ ﭘ ﻴ ﻭﺮ ﻱ ﻣ ﻲ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻡﺯﻻ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﮐ ﺩﺮﻴﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ
] ۱۹ [ .
ﺑ ﻱﺩﺪﻌﺘﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺍﺭ ﻪﻨﻴﻬﺑ ﻱﺎﻬﻧﺎﮑﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﺘﺑ ﻥﺁ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺎﺗ ﺩﺮﻴﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﺰﮐﺍﺮﻣ ﻲﻨﻳﺰﮔ ﻥﺎﮑﻣ ﻱﺍﺮ
ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻦﻴﻌﻌﺗ .
ﻱﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻨﺗﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻳﺍ ,
ﺖﻴﺑﻮﻠﻄﻣ , ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺑﺍﻭ ﻭ ﺖﻴﻓﺮﻇ ]
۲۰ [ . ﻭ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ
ﺮﮕﻳﺪﮑﻳ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻱﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﻲﻧﺍﻮﺨﻤﻫ ,
ﻬﻔﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻴﺑﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﻲﻄﻴﺤﻣ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺰﮐﺍﺮﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻘﺘﺳﺍ ﻡﻮ
, ﻭ ﻲﺳﺮﺘﺳﺩ ﻉﺎﻌﺷ ...
, ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻴﻓﺮﻇ
ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻕﻼﻃﺍ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻱﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﺭﺍﻭ ﺮﻴﺠﻧﺯ ﻭ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﺘﻣ ﻞﮑﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺑﺍﻭ ﻭ ﺖﻴﻠﺑﺎﻗ ﻭ ﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺰﮐﺍﺮﻣ ﻱﺭﺍﺬﮔﺭﺎﺑ .
ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ١٢
ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺖﺳﺍ . ﺍﻳ ﻌﺿﻭ ﻦ ﻴ ﻌﻗﻮﻣ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻢﻫ ﺖ ﻴ
ﺖ
ﺎﻀﻓ ﻲﻳ ﻧﺎﮑﻣ ﻭ ﻲ ﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﻭ ﻱ ﺿﺍﺭﺍ ﻲ ﻬﺴﺗ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﮑﻣﺍ ﻢﻫ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﮐ ﻑﺍﺮﻃﺍ ﻴ
ﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﺕﻼ ﻲ ﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻲ
ﺩﻮﺷ .
٣ - ﺎﻬﺷﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ
ﺍﺭﺩ ﻳ ﻘﺤﺗ ﻦ ﻴ ﻌﻤﺟ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻝﻭﺍ ﻪﺘﺳﺩ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻪﺘﺳﺩ ﻭﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻖ ﻴﺘ
ﻲ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ١٢ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻓﺍﺮﻐﺟ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺰﮐﺮﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻴﺎ
ﻲﻳ
ﺭﺍﺩﺮﻬﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﺴﺑﺍﻭ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻱ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ .
ﺍﻳ ﻣﻮﻗﺭ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻦ ﻲ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻪﺸﻘﻧ ﻩﺍﺮﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ .
ﺯﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻡﻭﺩ ﻪﺘﺳﺩ
ﺮﻃ ﻳ ﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻖ ﻴ
ﻧﺍﺪ ﻲ ﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﺶﺨﭘ ﻭ ﻴ
ﺪﻣ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ ﻦ ﻳ
ﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﮐ ﻥﺍﺮ ﻱ
ﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻲ ﺍﺮﺷ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻳ
ﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﻂ ﻲ ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﮐ ﻴ
ﺤﻣ ﻦ ﻴ ﻂ
ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﮐ ﻑﺍﺮﻃﺍ –
ﺴﮐ ﺮﻫ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻥﺎﻨﮐﺎﺳ ﻪﮐ ﻲ
ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻥﺁ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻨﻧﺍﻮﺗ -
ﺎﺴﻣ ﻭ ﻳ ﺩ ﻞ ﻳ ﺪﺷ ﺐﺴﮐ ﺮﮕ .
ﺍﻳ ﻘﺤﺗ ﻦ ﻴ ﺑ ﻖ ﻴ ﺮﺑ ﺮﺘﺸ
ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻭ ﺺﺤﻔﺗ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﻲ
ﺤﻣ ﻊﺿﻭ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻧﺍﺩﺎﻘﻧ ﻴ
ﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﻂ ﻲ ﺟﺭﺎﺧ ﻭ ﻲ ﻭﺪﺗ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﮐ ﻳ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻦ .
ﻻﺩ ﻳ ﺭﺎﺗ ﻞ ﻳ ﺨ ﻲ ﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ، ﻲ ﺎﺑ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺖﻟﻮﻬﺳ ،
ﺰﮐﺮﻣ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﻱ
، ﻬﺴﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻥﺎﻨﮐﺎﺳ ﻖﺣ ﻴ
ﺑ ﻭ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﺕﻼ ﻴ
ﺑ ﻭ ﺮﺘﺸ ﻴ ﺮﺘﺸ ﻳ ﻻﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﮐ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻦ ﻳ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﻩﺪﻤﻋ ﻞ .
” ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺍ ﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻲﺨﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻪﺘﺴﻫ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻱﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻩﺯﻮﺣ ,
ﻲﺳﺎﻴﺳ , ﻲﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ , ﻱﺭﺎﺠﺗ , ﻲﺗﺎﻣﺪﺧ , ﻲﺘﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ , ﻲﺘﺣ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﺤﻳﺮﻔﺗ .
ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻩﺯﻮﺣ ﻦﻳﺍ ٦،١٠،١١،١٢
ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺸﺨﺑ ﻭ ١٣
ﻭ ١٤ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﻴﺳﺄﺗ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ -
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻲﺗﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺎﺠﺗ .
ﻲﻣ ﺕﺃﺮﺟ ﻪﺑ ﺯﺍ ﺶﻴﺑ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﺖﻔﮔ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ
٥٠ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻱﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻭ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺘﻟﻭﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ
٤٠ ﻭ ﻲﺘﻌﻨﺻ ﻱﺎﻫﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ٤٤
ﻞﻛﺪﺻﺭﺩ
ﻱﺮﺑﺭﺎﻛ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻱﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻩﺯﻮﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﻮﻜﺴﻣﺮﻴﻏ ﻱﺎﻫ )
ﺮﻬﺷ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻪﺘﺴﻫ (,
ﻩﺯﻮﺣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻖﻠﻄﻣ ﻱﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﺡﻼﺻﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺎﻫﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻥﺎﻨﻌﻟﺍ
ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﻫﺰﻛﺮﻤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗﺮﻬﺷ
“ ] ٢١ [.
ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺖﻔﻫ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺘﻟﻭﺩ ـ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ
١٢ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻥﺎﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ ﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﻝﺎﺒﻘﺘﺳﺍ ﺖﻠﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ .
ﻦﻳﺍ ﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ
ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﺪﻨﺗﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﺎﻫ :
ﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻝﺎﻤﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ؛ ﻕﺮﺷ ﺭﺩﻭ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ؛ﻲﻧﺎﻘﻟﺎﻃ ﻪﻧﺎﺨ
١٧ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﻮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺭﻮﻳﺮﻬﺷ ١٧
؛ﺏﺮﻏ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺭﻮﻳﺮﻬﺷ
ﻥﺎﺘﺳﻮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻱﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﺮﻬﺷ
) ﻙﺭﺎﭘ ﺮﻬﺷ ( ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ؛ﭗﭼ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳﺍﺭ ﺯﺍ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺏﻮﻨﺟ ﺭﺩﻭ ﻲﻠﺣ ﻪﻣﻼﻋ ﻱﺎﻫ
, ﻥﺎﺘﺳﻮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺳﻭﺩﺮﻓ
ﺵﻮﺷ , ﻱﻮﺟﺍﻮﺧ ﻱﻮﺟﺍﻮﺧ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﻮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺮﻛ ﻲﻀﺗﺮﻣﺪﻴﺳ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺮﻛ
. ﻳﺍ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻦ ﺝﺭﺎﺧ ﻥﺎﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ ﻭ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺎﺑ ﮓﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫﺎﻧ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ
3) Oliver,M.
4) P.D.B.(Public Database Bank).
5) Bernard,M.
6) Hanson,E.
7) West Mount.
[ Downloaded from hsmsp.modares.ac.ir on 2022-11-03 ]
۴
ﻩﺪﺷ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻲﺑﻮﻨﺟ ﺖﻤﺴﻗ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻳ ؛ﺪﻧﺍ
ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺘﻣ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺖﻤﺴﻗ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻟﺎﻤﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ ,
ﻭ ﻲﻗﺮﺷ
ﻲﺑﺮﻏ , ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻪﺳ ,
ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻩﺪﻨﻛﺍﺮﭘ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ .
ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻲﺘﺴﭘ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ )
ﻥﺍﺮﮔﺭﺎﺜﻳﺍ ( ﻱﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻦﻴﻣﺯﺮﻳﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ
ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ﺎﺑ
ﻲﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﺳﺭ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﺪﻨﻛ
. ﻪﺑ ﻲﺒﻫﺬﻣ ﺰﻛﺍﺮﻣ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺶﺷ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻨﺗﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ
: ﻪﻴﻤﻃﺎﻓ ﻪﻴﻨﻴﺴﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻴﻤﻃﺎﻓ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻝﺎﻤﺷ ﺭﺩ ,
ﻪﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺍ
ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﻪﻧﺎﺧ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ؛ﭗﭼ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳﺍﺭ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺗ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﺩ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ
) ﺗﺮﻬﺷ ﺭﺩ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻪﻧﺎﺧ ﻦﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﻥﺍﺮﻬ
( , ﻱﺮﻳﺎﺣ ﻪﻴﻨﻴﺴﺣ ﺭﺩ ﺕﺩﺎﻌﺳ ,
ﻡﺎﻣﺍ
ﻦﻴﺴﺣ ) ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻡﻼﺴﻟﺍ ( ﻲﻳﻼﺑﺮﻛ ﻪﻴﻨﻴﺴﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ؛ﭗﭼ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳﺍﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻕﺮﺷ ﺏﻮﻨﺟﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺎﻫ
ﻪﻴﻘﺑ ﺍ ...
ﺪﺠﺴﻣﺭﺩ ﻩﺩﺍﺯﺮﻟ ﻭ ﻪﻳﺭﺪﺻ ﺪﺠﺴﻣ ﺭﺩ
ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻩﺩﺍﺯﺮﻟ .
ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻚﻴﻜﻔﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﻪﺸﻘﻧﺭﺩ ﺎﻬﻧﺁﺭﺩﺎﻣ )
١ ( ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺖﺳﺍ
.
٣ - ١ - ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻱﺍ
:
ﻊﻤﺟ ﺭﺎﻣﺁﻭ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺯﺍ ﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻱﺭﻭﺁ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﻴﻬﺗ ﻥﺎﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ .
ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ
ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻪﺟﺭﺩ ,
ﺎﻨﺑﺮﻳﺯ , ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺎﻫ
, ﺎﻀﻋﺍ , ﻥﺎﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ , ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺮﻴﻏ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ .
ﺲﻨﺟ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻥﺎﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ ,
ﻦﺳ , ﻞﻫﺄﺗ , ﺕﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ,
ﻥﺎﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ ﺪﻣﺁﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻞﻐﺷ -
ﻥﺁ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳ ﻞﻐﺷ ﻭ ﺪﻣﺁﺭﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﻞﻐﺷ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ ﺮﺜﻛﺍ ﺍﺮﻳﺯ ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺒﻧ ﺪﻣﺁﺭﺩ -
ﻲﻧﺎﻜﻣ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ,
ﻥﺎﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ ﺖﻧﻮﻜﺳ ﻞﺤﻣ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯ ,
ﻪﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ ﺖﻠﻋ ,
ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻜﻣﺍ , ﻭ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻝﺎﺒﻘﺘﺳﺍ ﻡﺪﻋ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺮﻴﻏ
. ﻪﺑ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ
ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ ٢٧
ﻭ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ٣٠ ﻡﺮﻧ ﻚﻤﻛ ﺎﺑ ﺭﺍﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺭﺍﺰﻓﺍ
SPSS
) ١
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ (
.
٣ - ٢ - ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻓﺍﺮﻐﺟ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻪﻧﺎﻣﺎﺳ ﻱﺎﻫ
):
١ (
ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻛﺍﺮﭘ ﻭ ﺭﺍﺮﻘﺘﺳﺍ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻛﺍﺮﭘ ﻭ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﻞﻴﺒﻗ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺘﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺕﺎﻴﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﻭ ﺎﻫ
ﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﺴﻨﺟ ﻭ ﻲﻨﺳ ﻒ
ﻞﻳﺎﻓ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺕﺎﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﻭ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻲﺗﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
) ﻲﺗﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻚﻧﺎﺑ (
ﻮﻳﻭ ﻙﺭﺁ ﻂﻴﺤﻣﺭﺩ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ
) ٢
ﻱﻭﺭ ﺮﺑ (
١٨ ﻪﺸﻘﻧ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ .
ﻝﺎﺳ ﻲﺘﻴﻌﻤﺟﺭﺎﻣﺁ ١٣٧٥
ﻪﺸﻘﻧ ﻪﻴﻬﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ
) ٣
ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ (
, ﺯﺍ ﺪﻨﺗﺭﺎﺒﻋ :
ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ,
ﻞﻏﺎﺷ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ,
ﺎﻜﻴﺑ ﺭ , ﻥﺎﻧﺯ , ﻥﺍﺩﺮﻣ , ﻥﺍﺩﺍﻮﺳﺎﺑ , ﻱﻻﺎﺑ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ٦
ﻝﺎﺳ , ﻱﻻﺎﺑ ٦٥ ﻝﺎﺳ , ﻦﻴﺑ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ٦٥ - ٦ ﻝﺎﺳ , ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻦﻛﺎﺳ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺪﺣﺍﻭ ١٨
ﻪﺸﻘﻧ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻲﮕﻧﺭ .
ﺯﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ
” ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻓﺍﺮﻐﺟ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ
)“
٤
ﺪﺷ ﺖﻓﺎﻳﺭﺩ (
. ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺹﺎﺧ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺎﻳ ﮓﻨﻳﺮﻓﺎﺑ ﻲﻨﻌﻳ GIS
ﻩﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ
),
٥
ﻲﻣﻮﻗﺭ ﻪﺸﻘﻧ ﻱﻭﺭ ﺮﺑ( )
٦
ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ (
. ﻦﻳﺍ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻜﻣﺍ ﻭ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻪﻛ
ﻥﺁ ﻪﺟﺭﺩ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻲﻠﺤﻣﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺖﺷﺍﺪﻧ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﺗ ﺎﻫ
ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺩﻮﺑﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﻱﺍ
, ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻲﺗﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻩﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻱﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻉﺎﻌﺷ ﻪﻛ ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔﺮﻈﻧﺭﺩ ﺮﺘﻣﻮﻠﻴﻛ ﻚﻳ ﻉﺎﻌﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻪﻴﺣﺎﻧ ﻱﺍ ) ﻪﺟﺭﺩ ٢ ﺎﻳ ﻭ ٣ ( ﺳﺍ ﺖ . ﻙﻮﻠﺑ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻭ ﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺪﻛ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺘﺳﺩ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﺖﺷﺍﺩﺩﺎﻳ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺫﻮﻔﻧ ﻩﺯﻮﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﺘﻴﻌﻤﺟ ١٠٨ ﺪﺷ ﺮﻛﺫ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻣﻮﻗﺭ ﺩﺭﻮﻛﺭ ,
ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻑﺍﺮﻃﺍ ﻲﺘﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺕﺎﻴﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﺎﻫ
, ﺪﺷ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﻲﻟﻭﺪﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺝﺍﺮﺨﺘﺳﺍ .
ﺯﺍ ﺪﻨﺗﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﺕﺎﻴﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﻦﻳﺍ :
ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻞﻛ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ,
ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻮﺳﺎﺑ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻙﻮﻠﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻲﻨﺳ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ١٢
ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ . ﺩﺍﻮﺳﺎﺑ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻭ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ,
ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻜﻣﺍ ﺮﮕﻳﺩﻭ ﺎﻫ
ﻦﻤﺠﻧﺍ ﻭ ﻮﻜﺴﻧﻮﻳ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻱﺎﻫﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺪﺷ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻭ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻱﺭﺍﺪﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻲﻠﻠﻤﻟﺍ .
ﺕﺎﺼﺨﺸﻣ
ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ﻥﺎﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﻊﻤﺟ ﺎﻫ
ﻩﺪﺷ ﻱﺭﻭﺁ ﺪﻧﺍ , ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻡﺮﻧ ﻚﻤﻛ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﺭﺍﺰﻓﺍ
ﻪﺑ SPSS ﻲﻳﺎﻫﺭﺍﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ
ﺪﺷ ﻢﺳﺭ . ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻱﺎﻫﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻲﺘﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺕﺎﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﻭ ﺎﻫ
١٢ ) ﻝﺎﺳ ١٣٧٥ (]
٢٢ [ ﻝﺎﻌﻓﺮﻴﻏ ﻭ ﻝﺎﻌﻓ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ,
ﺭﺎﻜﻴﺑ ﻭ ﻞﻏﺎﺷ ,
ﻚﻧﺎﺑ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺬﺧﺍ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻊﻃﺎﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺕﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻡﺮﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺗﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ
ﺭﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﻙﺭﺩ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺍﺩﻮﻤﻧ SPSS
ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ , ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺎﺳ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ١٢
ﺭﺩ ٨ ﻭ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ١٥ ﺪﺷ ﻢﻴﺳﺮﺗ ﺭﺍﺩﻮﻤﻧ .
1) SPSS(Statistical Pakage for Social Scienses).
1) DGIS(Database Geographic Information System).
2) Arcview .
3) Choropelate Maps.
4) TGIS (Tehran Geographic Information System).
5) Buffering.
6) Digital.
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۵
٤ - ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
٤ - ١ - ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﻀﻓ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﺎﻫ
ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻱﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻉﺎﻌﺷ ﻩﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻱﺎﻫ
- ﻲﺘﻟﻭﺩ ) ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ١
( ﻭ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﻭ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻛﺍﺮﭘ ١٢
ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ) ﻪﺸﻘﻧ
ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ١ ( ﻲﻣ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻢﻴﻳﺎﻴﺑ ﺏﻮﻨﺟ ﻑﺮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻝﺎﻤﺷ ﺯﺍ ﻪﭼﺮﻫ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﺷ
, ﻲﻣ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﺩﻮﺷ
. ﻪﺑ ﻝﺎﻤﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻠﻛﺭﻮﻃ ,
ﺏﺮﻏ ﻭ ﻕﺮﺷ
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۶
ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣﺎﻧ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺖﻓﺎﺴﻣ ﻲﻃ ﺎﺑ ﻩﺎﮔ ﻡﻭﺰﻟ ﻊﻗﺍﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻢﻴﺘﺴﻫ ﻪﺟﺍﻮﻣ ﻥﺎﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ ﻩﻮﺒﻧﺍ ﻭ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺎﻫ
ﻫ ﻲﻧﻻﻮﻃ ﻱﺎ ,
ﺯﺍ
ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺪﻣﺁ ﻲﻣ ﺱﻮﻳﺄﻣ
ﻲﻣ ﻞﻤﺤﺗ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺍﻮﺷﺩ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﺎﻳ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ
. ﻪﺑ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻝﺎﻤﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺩﻮﺒﻤﻛ ﺖﻠﻋ
, ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ
ﻲﻣ ﻪﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﻘﻟﺎﻃ ﻌﻗﺍﻮﻣ ﻪﻛﺪﻨﻨﻛ
ﻲ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺯﺍ ) ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻥﺎﺤﺘﻣﺍ ﺩﺍﺯﺁ ﻭ ﻱﺮﺳﺍﺮﺳ ﺭﻮﻜﻨﻛ ﻭ ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ
( ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺮﻴﺑﺩﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ ﻡﺎﺣﺩﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻫ
ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺩﺍﺯﺁ
ﺩﺭﺍﺩﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻥﺁ ﻲﻜﻳﺩﺰﻧﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ,
ﻲﻣ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺭ ﺶﻳﺎﺳﺁ ﺩﺮﻴﮔ
. ﻪﺑ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺏﺮﻏ ﻭ ﻕﺮﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ
ﻩﺪﻳﺩ ﻥﺁ ﻲﺑﻮﻨﺟ ﻪﻤﻴﻧ ﺹﻮﺼﺧ
ﻲﻣ ﺩﻮﺷ . ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻴﻧ ﻲﻓﺎﻛ ﻭ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺎﻳ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻙﺪﻧﺍ ﺎﻳ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ .
ﻢﻬﻣ ﻪﻛ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻕﺮﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗﺮﭘ ﻭ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ
ﻦﻳﺮﺗ
ﻩﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻲﺳﺮﺘﺳﺩ ﻩﺯﻮﺣ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺝﺭﺎﺧ ﺎﻫ
, ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ١٧
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺭﻮﻳﺮﻬﺷ .
ﻲﺑﺮﻏ ﺰﻛﺮﻣﺭﺩ -
ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ - ﻱﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ
ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ) ﻙﺭﺎﭘ ﺮﻬﺷ ( ﺩﺭﺍﺩﺭﺍﺮﻗ . ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻥﺎﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ ﻢﻫ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺝﺭﺎﺧ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻦﻳﺍ .
ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ﺪﺷ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻪﻛﺭﻮﻃ ,
ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻪﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ ﺎﻫ
ﺻﺎﻓ ﻊﺑﺎﺗ ﺪﺷﺎﺑﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﻜﻣ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﻪﭼﺮﻫ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﺳﺮﺘﺳﺩ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﻭ ﻪﻠ ,
ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻥﺎﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ .
ﻭ ﺎﻀﻓ ﻪﻛ ﻱﺩﺭﺍﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻟﻭ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻱﺯﺎﺘﻤﻣ ﻭ ﻻﺎﺑ ﺪﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻜﻣﺍ -
ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻱﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ -
ﻂﻘﻓ ﻲﺳﺮﺘﺳﺩ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ,
ﻊﺑﺎﺗ ﻪﻜﻠﺑ ﺖﺴﻴﻧ ﻩﺎﺗﻮﻛ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﻭ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ
ﻣ ﻥﻮﭽﻤﻫ ﻱﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠ
, ﻲﺒﻨﺟ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ,
ﺖﺳﺍ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺮﺳ ﻭ ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺮﮔ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻲﻄﻴﺤﻣ ﺕﻼﻴﻬﺴﺗ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻜﻣﺍ .
ﺖﻤﺴﻗ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺏﻮﻨﺟ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻣﺍ ﻲﺑﺮﻏ ﻭ ﻲﻗﺮﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ
, ﻢﻴﺘﺴﻫ ﻲﻣﻼﺳﺍ ﺏﻼﻘﻧﺍ ﺯﺍﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﺲﻴﺳﺄﺗ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ
ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻪﻛ ﻱﻮﺟﺍﻮﺧ ﻭ ﻲﺳﻭﺩﺮﻓ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻪﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺮﻛ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻲﮔﺯﺎﺗ
ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﺪﻧﺍ
. ﺪﺷ ﻩﺪﻳﺩ ﻢﻫ ﻲﻠﺒﻗ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻪﻧﻮﮕﻧﺎﻤﻫ ,
ﻪﺑ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ
ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻲﻤﻳﺪﻗ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﻣ ﻪﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺮﺗ
ﺪﻨﻨﻛ , ﻪﺑ ﻦﻴﻤﻫ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ , ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛﺭﺩ ﻢﻳﺩﻮﺒﻧ ﻭﺮﺑﻭﺭ ﻥﺎﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ ﻡﺎﺣﺩﺯﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻕﻮﻓ ﻱﺎﻫ
. ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻣﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻪﻣﻼﻋ ﻲﻀﺗﺮﻣﺪﻴﺳ ﻭ ﻲﻠﺣ ,
ﺎﻨﻣﺎﻧ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻄﻴﺤﻣ ﺐﺳ
- ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺝﺭﺎﺧ ﻭ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ -
ﺱﺭﺩ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻥﺎﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ ﻩﻮﺒﻧﺍ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻲﺼﺨﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ . ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﻧﺎﻜﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻢﻠﺴﻣ ﻪﭽﻧﺁ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﻮﺑ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻂﻘﻓ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺍ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮﻬﺷ ﺖﺳﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖﺳ
, ﻦﻳﺍ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ
ﻥﺎﻜﻣ ﻳﺩ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺎﺑ ﺕﺭﻭﺎﺠﻣ ﻡﺪﻋ ﻞﺜﻣ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺕﺎﻈﺣﻼﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺎﻫ ﺮﮕ
) ﻲﺳﻭﺩﺮﻓ ﻞﺜﻣ ( ,
ﻦﻴﻣﺯ ﻭ ﻡﻮﻳﺩﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻜﻳﺩﺰﻧ ﻲﺷﺯﺭﻭ ﻭ ﻱﺯﺎﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ
) ﻞﺜﻣ
ﻱﻮﺟﺍﻮﺧ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺮﻛ ( ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺸﻧ ﻲﻬﺟﻮﺗ .
ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻑﺍﺮﻃﺍ ﻲﺿﺍﺭﺍ ﻱﺮﺑﺭﺎﻛ ﻭ ﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ
, ﻝﺎﻤﺷ ﺭﺩ , ﻢﻛﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺏﺮﻏ ﻭ ﻕﺮﺷ
ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻢﻴﺘﺴﻫ ﻪﺟﺍﻮﻣ ﻥﺎﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ ﻩﻮﺒﻧﺍ ﻭ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺎﻫ ,
ﺑ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺏﻮﻨﺟﺭﺩ ﺎﻣﺍ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﺎ
ﻪﺑﻭﺭ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻢﻴﺘﺴﻫ ﻭﺭ ﻉﺎﻌﺷ ﻪﻛ ﻲﺗﺭﻮﺻ
ﻥﺁ ﻲﺳﺮﺘﺳﺩ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻞﺧﺍﺪﺗ ﺮﮕﻳﺪﻜﻳ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ
. ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻲﻀﻌﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻠﻛﺭﻮﻃ ﻱﺮﺑﺭﺎﻛ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺎﺑ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺎﻫ
ﻲﺘﻌﻨﺻ ﻱﺎﻫ ,
ﻭ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻑﺍﺮﻃﺍ ﻦﻣﺍﺎﻧ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ
ﻱﺮﺑﺭﺎﻛ ﻞﺧﺍﺪﺗ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻞﺧﺍﺩﺭﺩ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻪﺑ ﻩﺍﺮﻛﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ
ﻲﻣ ﻪﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ ﺎﻫ ﻨﻨﻛ
ﺪ . ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻲﺳﺮﺘﺳﺩ ﻩﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺝﺭﺎﺧ ﻱﺎﻫﺎﻀﻓ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺎﻫ
,
ﻝﺎﻤﺷ ﺭﺩ , ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻭ ﻕﺮﺷ .
ﻪﻴﻨﻴﺴﺣ ﻲﻟﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻱﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻩﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣﺰﻛﺮﻣﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻱﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﺪﺟﺎﺴﻣ ﻭ ﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ
ﻪﺑ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫﺮﻳﺍﺩ ﺖﻗﻭ ﻪﻤﻴﻧ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ .
ﻙﻮﻠﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻱﺮﺑﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻲﺑﺮﻏ ﻝﺎﻤﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻱ
, ﺖﺳﺍ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺍ ,
ﺖﻧﻮﻜﺳ ﻱﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ . ﻱﺮﺑﺭﺎﻛ ﻭ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻧﻮﻜﺴﻣ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ
, ﻪﺑ ﺪﻴﻌﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺲﻴﺳﺄﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻥﺎﻜﻣ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺭﺩ ﺪﺳﺭ
ﺩﻮﺷ ﺖﻓﺎﻳ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ .
ﺎﻀﻓ ﻥﺩﺮﻛ ﻊﻴﺳﻭ ﺎﺑ ,
ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﺰﻴﻬﺠﺗ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻞﺜﻣ ﺭﻭﺎﺠﻣ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻭ ﺎﻫ
ﻡﺎﻣﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻨﻴﻤﺧ
ﻥﺎﺘﺳﻮﺑ ﻡﺎﻴﺧ ) ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ١٣ ( ﺍﺔﻳﺁ ﻭ ...
ﻲﻧﺎﻘﻟﺎﻃ ) ﻲﻣ ﺖﻧﺎﻣﺍ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﻂﻘﻓ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﻥﺰﺨﻣ ﻂﻘﻓ ﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔ
( ﺖﺋﺍﺮﻗ ﺪﻨﭼ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣ ﺎﻳ ﻭ ﻪﻧﺎﺧ
,
ﻲﻣ ﺖﺳﺎﻛ ﻱﺮﺳﺍﺮﺳ ﺭﻮﻜﻨﻛ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﺤﺘﻣﺍ ﻱﺭﺍﺰﮔﺮﺑ ﻡﺎﮕﻨﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻧﺍﻮﺟ ﻡﺎﺣﺩﺯﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ .
[ Downloaded from hsmsp.modares.ac.ir on 2022-11-03 ]
۷
٤ - ٢ - ﻉﺎﻌﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺘﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ
ﺎﻫ
ﻲﺘﻟﻭﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺯﺍ ﻚﻳﺮﻫ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻓﺍﺮﻐﺟ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﻣﺎﺳ ﻢﻳﺮﺣ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﺎﻳ ﮓﻨﻳﺮﻓﺎﺑ ﻊﺑﺎﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻘﺘﺴﻣ ١٢
،ﻲﻀﺗﺮﻣ ﺪﻴﺳ ،ﻲﻠﺣ ﻪﻣﻼﻋ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ١٧
ﻚﻳ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺮﻛ ﻱﻮﺟﺍﻮﺧ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻘﻟﺎﻃ ،ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻱﺰﻛﺮﻣ ،ﺭﻮﻳﺮﻬﺷ ﻢﻳﺮﺣ
١٠٠٠ ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻢﻴﺳﺮﺗ ﻱﺮﺘﻣ .
ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻚﻳ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻜﻣﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻴﭘ ﻱﺎﭘ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﺩﺮﻓ ﻪﻛ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﺜﻛﺍﺪﺣ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺻﺎﻓ ﻦﻳﺍ
ﺪﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ .
ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻓﺍﺮﻐﺟ ﺕﺎﻏﻼﻃﺍ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺬﺧﺍ ﺩﺍﻮﺳ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻭ ﻲﺘﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺲﭙﺳ )
ﻝﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺭﺎﻣﺁ ١٣٧٥
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ (
ﺧﺍﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﺣ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﺝﺍﺮﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺯﺍ ﻚﻳ ﺮﻫ ﻢﻳﺮﺣ ﻞ ١
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ .
ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﻡﺎﻗﺭﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺭﻮﻄﻧﺎﻤﻫ
ﺩﻭﺪﺣ ﻲﻠﺣ ﻪﻣﻼﻋ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ٤٠٠٠٠
ﻪﺑ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻲﺳﻭﺩﺮﻓ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺶﺷﻮﭘ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺍﺭ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺮﻔﻧ ٨٠٠٠
ﺭﺩ ﻦﻛﺎﺳ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺮﻔﻧ
ﻉﺎﻌﺷ ١٠٠٠ ﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻱﺮﺘﻣ ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﺨ
. ﺩﻭﺪﺣ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﻡﺎﻗﺭﺍ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻤﻬﻣ ﻪﺘﻜﻧ ٣٠٠٠٠
ﻚﻳ ﺎﻳ ﺮﻔﻧ
ﻲﻳﺎﻀﻓ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﻡﺪﻋ ﺯﺍ ﺖﻳﺎﻜﺣ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔ ﻲﻤﻧ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﺯﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﻜﭽﻴﻫ ﺶﺷﻮﭘ ﺖﺤﺗ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻢﺸﺷ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ .
ﺑ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺍﻮﺳ ﺎﺑ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺣ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻭ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻱﺪﻧﻭﺭ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﻴﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻚﻳﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺍﻮﺳ ﺎ
ﻱﻻﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺯﺍ ﻚﻳ ﺮﻫ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻉﺎﻌﺷ ٨٠
ﺩﺍﻮﺳ ﺎﺑ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﺪﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﺮﻛﺬﻟﺍ ﻕﻮﻓ ﺢﻴﺿﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻤﻧ ﻦﻛﺎﺳ .
ﻌﺗ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺏﺎﺘﻛﺩﺍﺪ
ﻦﻴﺑ ﻥﻮﻴﺳﺍﺭﺪﻓ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﻢﻏﺭ ﻲﻠﻋ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻱﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻉﺎﻌﺷ ﻩﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺍﻮﺳﺎﺑ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﻦﻤﺠﻧﺍ ﻲﻠﻠﻤﻟﺍ
ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻱﺭﺍﺪﺑﺎﺘﻛ ) ﻼﻔﻳﺍ
)(
١
ﻝﺩﺎﻌﻣ ﻲﺘﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ (
١٠٠،٠٠٠ ﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣ ﺩﺍﻮﺳﺎﺑﺮﻔﻧ ٢٠٠،٠٠٠
ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺭﺩ ﺏﺎﺘﻛﺪﻠﺟ ﻲﻣ ﻱﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ) ﻪﺑ ﻲﻨﻌﻳ
ﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﺮﻔﻧﺮﻫ ﻱﺍﺯﺍ ٢
ﺪﺷﺎﺑﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺭﺩ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ (
ﻱﺍﺯﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ، ١٤٤٤١٧
ﺩﺍﻮﺳﺎﺑ ﺮﻔﻧ ,
ﺩﻭﺪﺣ ٢٨٨٨٣٤ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛﺭﺩ ﺏﺎﺘﻛﺪﻠﺟ ﺎﻫ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ .
ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﻞﻛ ﻊﻤﺟ ﻪﻜﻴﻟﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺎﻫ ١٨٩٥٠٥ ﺩﻭﺪﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺏﺎﺘﻛﺪﻠﺟ ٩٩٣٢٩
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻱﺮﺴﻛ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﺪﻠﺟ .
ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ,
ﺑ ﻱﺍﺮ ١٠ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺎﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺮﻔﻧ ,
١٣ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺭﺩ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻱﺎﻫ
- ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻲﺘﻟﻭﺩ .
ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ ﻭﺮﻨﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ )
١ (
ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻑﺍﺮﻃﺍ ﻱﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻉﺎﻌﺷ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻱﺎﻫ ,
ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺳﻭﺩﺮﻓ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺫﻮﻔﻧ ﻩﺯﻮﺣ ﻲﻜﭼﻮﻛ ﺖﻠﻋ ,
ﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺩﻮﺑﺭﻭﺎﺠﻣ ﻪﻧﺎﺨ
ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ ,
ﺖﺳﺍ ﺩﺍﻮﺳﺎﺑ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﻭﺩ .
ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻱﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻱﺎﻬﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ
) ﺹﺎﺧ ﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ (
ﻪﺑ ﻲﻜﻳﺩﺰﻧ ﻥﺎﻜﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﺰﻛﺍﺮﻣ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻢﻫ ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑﻭﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺏﻮﺧ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻜﻣﺍ ﻦﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻲﻧﻮﻜﺴﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ .
ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ )
١ : ( ﺘﻛ ﻱﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻩﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻛﺎﺳ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻲﺘﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺕﺎﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎ
ﺘﻟﻭﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲ
ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ
) ﺮﻔﻧ ( ﺩﺍﻮﺳﺎﺑﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ
ﺎﻬﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ
٦٥ - ٦ ﻝﺎﺳ
ﻲﻠﺣ ﻪﻣﻼﻋ ٤٠٨٧٤
٣١٢٤٥ ٢٦٠٠٠
٣٢١٩٠
١٧ ﺭﻮﻳﺮﻬﺷ ٢٦١١٣
٢٠٩١٨ ١٧١٥٠
٢٠٢٧٦
ﻱﻮﺟﺍﻮﺧ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺮﻛ ١٤٠٣٤
٩٧٧٣ ١٣٨٠٠
١١٨٣٠
ﻲﻀﺗﺮﻣ ﺪﻴﺳ ٢٨٥٥٢
٢١٥٧١ ٢٦٠٠٠
٢٣٨٤١
ﻲﺳﻭﺩﺮﻓ ٧٧٦٩
٥٢٨١ ١١٧٨٤
٦٤٥٢
ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻱﺰﻛﺮﻣ ٢١٠٤٢
١٦٧٥٢ ٧٥١٩٩
١٧٠١٢
ﻲﻧﺎﻘﻟﺎﻃ ١٨٩٥٠
١٦١٧٠ ١٩٥٧٢
١٤٦٤٦
ﻩﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣﺯﺍ ﺝﺭﺎﺧ ٢٩١٦٦
٢٢٧٠٧ -
٢٣٨٦٠
ﻉﻮﻤﺠﻣ ١٨٦٥٠٠
١٤٤٤١٧ ١٨٩٥٠٥
١٤٩٧٤٧
* ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗﺮﻬﺷ ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻓﺍﺮﻐﺟ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍﺰﻛﺮﻣﺯﺍ ﻲﺘﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ )
(TGIS
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷﺬﺧﺍ .
۴ - ۳
ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺳﺮﺘﺳﺩ -
ﺎﻫ :
ﺘﺳﺩ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺳﺮ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻱﺎﻫ
١٢ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﻥﺎﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻲﻃ ﻲﻧﺎﻜﻣ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ .
ﺖﻛﺮﺣ ﺃﺪﺒﻣ
ﻥﺎﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ - ﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ -
ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺖﻤﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺎﻫ
ﺪﻫﺩ , ﻲﻃ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﺖﻓﺎﺴﻣ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻲﻣ
ﺭﺎﻨﻛ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺘﺣ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ
1) International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA).
[ Downloaded from hsmsp.modares.ac.ir on 2022-11-03 ]
۸
ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻪﺘﺷﺬﮔ ﺎﻫ
, ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺍ ﻲﻣ ﻱ ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﻭﺭ ﺖﺳﺍﺮﺗ
. ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ٢
ﻲﻣ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻥﺎﻌﺣﺍﺮﻣ ﻂﺷﻮﺗ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻲﻃ ﻲﻧﺎﻜﻣ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﻴﺑ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺝﺭﺎﺧ ﻭ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻪﻛ ﻱﺍ
- ﻪﺑ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻲﺑﺮﻏ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﻑﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﺹﻮﺼﺧ -
ﻲﻣ ﻪﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ ﻥﺁ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ
,
ﻱﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ
. ﻭ ﻲﻀﺗﺮﻣﺪﻴﺳ ١٧
ﺰﻴﻧ ﺭﻮﻳﺮﻬﺷ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ
ﺖﻓﺎﺴﻣﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ
ﻥﺁ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺘﻣﻮﻠﻴﻛﻭﺩ ﻱﻻﺎﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﻪﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ
. ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺎﺗ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻑﺮﺼﻣ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺩﺭﻮﻣﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ
, ﻲﻣ ﻩﺪﻳﺩ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺎﺗ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻑﺮﺼﻣ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﻪﭼﺮﻫ ﺩﻮﺷ ,
ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻥﺎﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ
ﺖﺳﺍ . ﺘﻛ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﻪﻛ ﻱﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻲﻃ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎ
ﺪﻨﻨﻛ , ﻪﻛ ﻱﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻲﻧﺎﻘﻟﺎﻃ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻥﺎﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ ﺯﺍ
ﻚﻳ ﻲﻣ ﻑﺮﺻ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ
, ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻱﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻥﺎﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣﺯﺍ )
ﻙﺭﺎﭘ ﺮﻬﺷ ( ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ .
ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ )
٢ :(
ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺎﺗ ﻥﺎﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﻜﻣ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻱﺎﻫ
١٢ .
ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺎﻫ ٥٠٠
ﺮﺘﻣ ١٠٠٠
ﺮﺘﻣ ١٥٠٠
ﺮﺘﻣ ٢٠٠٠
ﺮﺘﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ
٢٠٠٠ ﺮﺘﻣ
ﻪﻣﻼﻋ ﻲﻠﺣ ١٣
٩ ٠
٧ ١٠
١٧ ﺭﻮﻳﺮﻬﺷ ١٣
١٢ ٢
٢ ١٤
ﻱﻮﺟﺍﻮﺧ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺮﻛ ٧
٥ ٢
٠ ١
ﻲﻀﺗﺮﻣﺪﻴﺳ ٧
٩ ٨
٣ ١٣
ﻲﺳﻭﺩﺮﻓ ٨
٥ ٦
٤ ٤
ﻱﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ٥
١٠ ٤
٢ ٤٣
ﻲﻧﺎﻘﻟﺎﻃ ٢٢
٩ ٦
٧ ١٢
ﻉﻮﻤﺠﻣ ٧٥
٥٩ ٢٨
٢٥ ٩٧
-٤ ۴ - ﺖﺧﺎﺳﺮﻳﺯ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻱﻭﺮﻴﻧ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺎﻫ
ﻴﻧ ﻦﻴﻣﺄﺗ ﻲﻓﺎﻛ ﻭ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﺟﺩﻮﺑ ﻦﻴﻣﺄﺗ ﻥﻭﺪﺑ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﺟﺩﻮﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻜﻳﺩﺰﻧﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻱﻭﺮ ,
ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﻩﺍﺮﻤﻫ ﻞﻜﺸﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﺩﻮﺑ .
” ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻞﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻩﺎﮔﺁ ﻥﺍﺭﺍﺪﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺵﻼﺗ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺪﻴﻔﻣ ﻭ ﻲﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻲﻫﺪﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻡﺰﻠﺘﺴﻣ ﺎﻫ
ﻥﺍﺭﺍﺪﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ
ﺺﺼﺨﺘﻣ , ﻪﺑﺯﻭﺭ ﺰﻓﺍ ﺯﻭﺭ ﻲﻣ ﺶﻳﺍ ﺪﺑﺎﻳ
“ ] ۲۳ [.(
ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻦﻳﺪﺑ ,
ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺩﻮﺒﻤﻛ ﺭﺎﭼﺩ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻢﻫ ﻭ ﺖﻴﻤﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻢﻫ ﺎﻫ .
ﺭﺩ
ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﺺﺼﺨﺘﻣﺮﻴﻏ ﺎﻳ ﻭ ﻢﻛ ﺕﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫ ﻦﻜﻤﻣ ﻪﻜﻠﺑ ﺖﺴﻴﻧ ﻪﺘﺷﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺱﺎﻨﺷﺭﺎﻛ ﺩﻮﺒﻤﻛ ﻥﺁ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺷ
ﺖﺳﺍ , ﻪﻓﺮﺣﺮﻴﻏ ﻱﻭﺮﻴﻧ ﺏﺬﺟ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻕﻮﻘﺣ ﻲﻤﻛ ﺍ
ﺩﻮﺷ ﻱ . ﻲﻔﻴﻛ ﻅﺎﺤﻟ ﺯﺍ ,
ﻉﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﺯﺍ ٦٨
ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺪﻨﻣﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
, ﻂﻘﻓ ﺪﻳﺎﺷ ٩
ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺮﻔﻧ
ﻉﻼﻃﺍ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺍﺪﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷﺭﺎﻛ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﺳﺭ
, ٧ ﻪﺘﺷﺭ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷﺭﺎﻛﺮﻔﻧ ﻭ ﺎﻫ
٥ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻪﻤﻠﭙﻳﺩ ﻢﻫ ﺮﻔﻧ .
ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻡﻮﺳ ﻚﻳ ﺎﻫﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﻖﺒﻃ
ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﺺﺼﺨﺘﻣ .
ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻪﻣﻼﻋ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﻠﺣ
, ﻭ ﻲﺳﻭﺩﺮﻓ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻲﺑﻮﺧ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻣﺭﺎﻛ ﻢﻛ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻘﻟﺎﻃ
. ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻲﻟﻭ ﻱﺎﻫ
١٧ ﺭﻮﻳﺮﻬﺷ , ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻱﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﹰﺎﻧﺎﻴﺣﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻀﺗﺮﻣﺪﻴﺳ )
ﻩﺩﺍﺪﻧ ﺭﺎﻣﺁ ( ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﺪﺣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻔﻴﻛ ﻅﺎﺤﻟ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻧﺮﺗ
.
ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺖﻴﻓﺮﻇ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻜﻣﺍ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ
١٣٧٥ ﻮﻣ ﺕﻼﻴﻬﺴﺗ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺒﻧ ﻲﻓﺎﻛ ﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﺩﺭ
ﺎﻫ , ﻥﺎﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ ,
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻤﻧ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﺘﻣ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛﺮﻫ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻉﺎﻌﺷ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻭ ﺎﻀﻋﺍ )
ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ٣
.(
ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻱﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻝﺎﺜﻣ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ
ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻡﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻪﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺶﺷﻮﭘ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺩﺭﺍﺩﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ,
ﻭ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻜﻣﺍ ﻅﺎﺤﻟ ﺯﺍ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ
ﺎﻫ , ﻥﺎﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ ﻭ ﺎﻀﻋﺍ
ﻲﺑ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﻴﻈﻧ .
ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻲﻀﻌﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﻛ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺏﻮﻨﺟ ﺹﻮﺼﺧ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺶﺷﻮﭘ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺎﻫ
, ﻪﺑ
ﻲﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺪﺳﺭ , ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻓﺎﻛ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻜﻣﺍ .
ﺎﻨﻣ ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺮﺳ ﻭ ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺮﮔ ﻦﺘﺷﺍﺪﻧ ﻥﻮﭽﻤﻫ ﻲﻠﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻲﻟﻭ ﺩﻮﺑ ﺕﻮﻠﺧ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺪﻨﭼ ﻢﻫ ﻞﻤﻋ ﺭﺩ ﺐﺳ
, ﻱﺎﻨﺑ ﻉﻮﻧ
ﻱﺮﺑﺭﺎﻛ ﺎﺑ ﻞﺧﺍﺪﺗ ﻭ ﻲﺒﻨﺟ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻦﺘﺷﺍﺪﻧ ﻭ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻥﺎﻤﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ
, ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺯﺍ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻝﺎﺒﻘﺘﺳﺍ ﻡﺪﻋ ﻞﻠﻋ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ .
ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛﺯﺍ ﻲﻀﻌﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻲﻧﺍﺪﻴﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻟﺎﺳ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻦﻟﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ
ﺾﻴﻌﺒﺗ ﺯﺭﺎﺑ ﻖﻳﺩﺎﺼﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺍﺭﺩﺍﺮﺑ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺮﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺖﺳﺍ . ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻲﻀﺗﺮﻣﺪﻴﺳ ﻱﺎﻫ ,
١٧ ﺭﻮﻳﺮﻬﺷ , ﻪﻣﻼﻋ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻭ ﻲﻠﺣ ,
ﻲﺳﻭﺩﺮﻓ ﻭ ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺾﻴﻌﺒﺗ ﻭ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ,
ﻱﻮﺟﺍﻮﺧ ﻲﻧﺎﻘﻟﺎﻃ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺮﻛ )
ﻪﺑ ﻚﻳ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻥﺍﺮﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻥﺎﻴﻣﺭﺩ ﺯﻭﺭ
( ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻜﻳ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﺯﺍ ﹰﺎﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ .
ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻱﺎﻨﺑﺮﻳﺯ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺯﺍ ﺮﻴﻏ ﻪﺑ ،ﺎﻫ
١٧ ﺷ ﺭﻮﻳﺮﻬ ) ﻲﻤﻳﺪﻗ ﻭ ﻚﭼﻮﻛ (
ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻱﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻭ )
ﮒﺭﺰﺑ ( , ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻪﻤﻫ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
١٢ ﺯﺍﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﻛ
ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻲﻣﻼﺳﺍ ﺏﻼﻘﻧﺍ ﺪﻧﺍ
, ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺯﺎﺳﻮﻧ ﻭ ﮒﺭﺰﺑ )
ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ٣
.(
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