مروری بر تجارب برنامه‌ریزی شهری در اسپانیا

(1)

١٠١

ﺎﻣﺁ ﻳ ﻣﺯﺮﺳ ﺶ ﻴ ﻦ

ﻝﺎﺳ ﻡﻭﺩ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ، ﻡﻮﺳ ، ﻥﺎﺘﺴﻣﺯ ﻭ ﺰﻴﻳﺎﭘ ۱۳۸۹

ﺤﻔﺻ ﺕﺎ ۱۲۲ ـ ۱۰۱

ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺏﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﺮﺑ ﻱﺭﻭﺮﻣ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ

ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﺎﻴﻧﺎﭙﺳﺍ ﺭﺩ

ﻲﺒﻴﺒﺣ ﺍﺭﺎﺳ

∗

ﻱﺯﺎﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﻱﺮﺘﮐﺩ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻱﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﺎﺒﻳﺯ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻨﻫ ﺲﻳﺩﺮﭘ

ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ

) ﺖﻓﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ :

۱ / ۴ / ۸۹ ؛ ﺐﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ :

۲۰ / ۱۰ / ۸۹ (

ﮑﭼ ﻴ ﻩﺪ

ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﺕﻻﻮﺤﺗ ﺎﻴﻧﺎﭙﺳﺍ ﺭﻮﺸﮐ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮـﺸﮐ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﻩﺪﻳﺩ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ

ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ

ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﺭﺩ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ،ﺭﻮﺸﮐ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻲﻧﻮﻨﮐ ﺖﻴﻘﻓﻮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻥﺁ ﻲﭘ

ﺩﺯﺍﺩﺮﭙﺑ ﺎﻴﻧﺎﭙﺳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ .

ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﻒﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﺭﺩ ،ﺎﺘﺳﺍﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺲـﭘ ﻭ ﺖـﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻢﻴﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﺭﻮﺸﮐ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻭ ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻢﻴﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺡﻮﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ

. ﻪـﺑ ﺰـﻴﻧ ﺎـﻬﺘﻧﺍ ﺭﺩ

ﻭ ﻦﻴﻧﺍﻮﻗ ﻭ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﺕﺎﻣﺍﺪﻗﺍ ﻦﻳﺮﺧﺁ ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻢﻴﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ ،ﻩﺪﺷ ﺐﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﺕﺍﺭﺮﻘﻣ

. ﻥﺁ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ

ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻪﭼﺮﮔﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪـﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻭ ﻲﻠﺤﻣ ،ﻲﻠﻣ ﺡﻮﻄﺳ ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺭﻮﺸﮐ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ

ﻝﺎـﻌﻓ ﻱﺍ

ﻲﻣ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻣﺍ ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻱﺍ

ﻢﻴﺘﺴﻫ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺮﺗﺪﻨﻤﺗﺭﺪﻗ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ .

ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ،ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻩﻭﻼﻋ ﺮﻴﺧﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻳﺪﺟ ﻦﻴﻧﺍﻮﻗ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﻸﺧ ﻞﻴﻤﮑﺗ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺪ

ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻊﺿﻭ ﻥﺁ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ .

ﻱﺪﻴﻠﮐ ﻥﺎﮔﮊﺍﻭ

ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ ،ﺭﺎﺘﺨﻣﺩﻮﺧ ﻊﻣﺍﻮﺟ ،ﺎﻴﻧﺎﭙﺳﺍ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺡﻮﻄﺳ ،ﻱﺰﻳﺭ

ﻱﺯﺎﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﻦﻴﻧﺍﻮﻗ ،ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ .

ــــــــــــــــ ــــــــــــ

ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ

ﻩﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ ﻦﻔﻠﺗ∗ :

۰۹۱۲۴۲۲۸۷۳۴ Email: Shabibi@ut.ac.ir

(2)

١٠٢ ﻦﻴﻣﺯﺮﺳ ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺁ

ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ

ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺐﻟﺎﻏ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻴﻧﺎﭙﺳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ

١٩٧٨ ﻭ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻪﺘـﺳﻮﻴﭘ ﻉﻮـﻗﻭ ﻪـﺑ

ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺖﻴﻌﺒﺗ ﻝﻮﺻﺍ ﻦﻴﻤﻫ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻝﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ ﺪﻳﺎﻤﻧ

. ﻩﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻲـﺷﺎﻧ ﻪﮐ ﺎﻫ

ﻢﻴﺴﻘﺗ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ،ﺩﻮﺑ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻞﮑﺷ ﺎﺑ ﻱﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻲﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ

ﻭ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﺰﮐﺍﺮﻣ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ

ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮﺳ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻭ ﺭﺎﺘﺨﻣﺩﻮﺧ ﻊﻣﺍﻮﺟ ﺖﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻭ ﺎﻫ

ﺪﺷ ﺭﻮﺸﮐ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ .

،ﺱﺎـﺳﺍ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺮـﺑ

ﺑ ﻱﺭﻮﺸﮐ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻴﻧﺎﭙﺳﺍ ﺭﻮﺸﮐ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺎ

ﻩﮋـﻳﻭ ﻲـﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻩﺎـﮕﻳﺎﺟ ﺪـﻳﺭﺩﺎﻣ ﻭ ﺪﺷ ﻞﻳﺪﺒﺗ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﻱﺍ

ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺭﺎﺘﺨﻣﺩﻮﺧ ﻊﻣﺍﻮﺟ ﺱﺃﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺖﻓﺎﻳ .

ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﮐﺫ ﻪﺑ ﻡﺯﻻ ﺖﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻱﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﻭ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺮﻴﺧﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻪـﮐ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺖﺳﺩ ﻑﺪﻫ ﻲـﻣ ﻝﺎﺒﻧﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﮐ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺍﺪﻳﺎﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺑﺎﻳ

ﺵﻼـﺗ ،ﺪـﻨﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺭﺎﻴـﺴﺑ ﻱﺎـﻫ

ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺎﻴﻧﺎﭙﺳﺍ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ،ﺪﺷ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﻪﻈﺣﻼﻣ ﻪﮐ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ

ﻑﺪـﻫ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺑﺎﻳ

ﻱﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﻪﺒﻧﺎﺟ ﻪﻤﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺍ

ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ،ﻲﻠﻣ ﺡﻮﻄﺳ ﻲﻣﺎﻤ ﺕﺭﻮـﺻ ﺭﻮﺸﮐ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻠﺤﻣ ﻭ ﻱﺍ

ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ .

ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﺎﻴﻧﺎﭙﺳﺍ ﺭﻮﺸﮐ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺎﺑ ﺎﻴﻧﺎﭙﺳﺍ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ٥٠٥٩٩٠

ﻩﺪـﺷ ﻊـﻗﺍﻭ ﺎﭘﻭﺭﺍ ﻩﺭﺎﻗ ﻲﺑﺮﻏ ﺏﻮﻨﺟ ﺭﺩ ،ﺖﻌﺳﻭ ﻊﺑﺮﻣ ﺮﺘﻣﻮﻠﻴﻛ

ﺖﺳﺍ . ﻥﺁ ﺖﺨﺘﻳﺎﭘ ﻭ ﺎﻴﻧﺎﭙﺳﺍ ﻲﻫﺎﺷﺩﺎﭘ ﻥﺁ ﻲﻤﺳﺭ ﻡﺎﻧ ﺪـﻳﺭﺩﺎﻣ

ﺖـﺳﺍ . ﻞﻣﺎـﺷ ﺎﻴﻧﺎﭙـﺳﺍ ﻦﻴﻣﺯﺮـﺳ

ﻢﻈﻋﺍ ﺖﻤﺴﻗ ﻪﺒﺷ

ﺮﺒﻳﺍ ﻩﺮﻳﺰﺟ ﻱ

، ﺱﺭﺎﺌﻟﺎﺑ ﺮﻳﺍﺰﺟ ،

ﻱﺭﺎﻨﻗ ﺮﻳﺍﺰﺟ ﺮﻬﺷ ،

ﻱﺎﻫ ـﺳ ﻴ

١ﺎﺗﻮ ﻭ ﻪـﻠﻴﻠﻣ ﺭﺩ٢

ﺭﺎﻗ ﻝﺎﻤﺷ ﻩ

ﺎﻘﻳﺮﻓﺁ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺮﻳﺍﺰﺟ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ

.

ﺯﺍ ﺭﻮﺸﮐ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻝﺎﻤﺷ

ﻪﺴﻧﺍﺮﻓ ﻭ ﺍﺭﻭﺪﻧﺁ ، ﺯﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺏﺮﻏ ﻝﺎﻐﺗﺮﭘ ، ﺯﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺏﻮﻨﺟ ﻞـﺒﺟ

ﻕﺭﺎـﻄﻟﺍ ﻭ

ﺶﮐﺍﺮﻣ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﻳﺎﺴﻤﻫ ﻲﻳﺎـﻳﺭﺩ ﻱﺎﻫﺯﺮﻣ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻭ

ﺎـﺑ ﻪـﻧﺍﺮﺘﻳﺪﻣ ﻱﺎـﻳﺭﺩ ﻕﺮـﺷ ﺭﺩ

ﻭ ﺱﻮﻧﺎـﻴﻗﺍ

ﺲﻠﻃﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻝﺎﻤﺷ ﻭ ﺏﺮﻏ ﺭﺩ .

1 . Ceuta 2 . Melilla

(3)

ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺏﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﺮﺑ ﻱﺭﻭﺮﻣ ﺎﻴﻧﺎﭙﺳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ

۱۰۳

ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ١ : ﺎﭘﻭﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻴﻧﺎﭙﺳﺍ ﺭﻮﺸﮐ ﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ

ﺩﻭﺪﺣ ﺎﻴﻧﺎﭙﺳﺍ ﻲﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ٤٦١٥٧٨٢٢

ﻲﻣ ﺮﻔﻧ ﻂـﺳﻮﺘﻣ ،ﺱﺎـﺳﺍ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺮـﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

ﺎﻴﻧﺎﭙﺳﺍ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ٩١

ﺖﺳﺍ ﻊﺑﺮﻣﺮﺘﻣﻮﻠﻴﻛ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻔﻧ ،ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻭ

٩١ % ﺎﻫﺮﻬﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻧﺁ

ﻙﺮﻬﺷ ﻭ ﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﻣ ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﺎﻫﺎﺘﺳﻭﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻴﻘﺑ ﻭ ﮒﺭﺰ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ

. ﮒﺭﺰﺑ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﺎﻴﻧﺎﭙﺳﺍ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺪﻳﺭﺩﺎﻣ ) ٦٤ / ٥ ﺮﻔﻧ ﻥﻮﻴﻠﻴﻣ (

ﺎﻧﻮﻠﺳﺭﺎﺑ ، )

٨٣ / ٤ ﺮﻔﻧ ﻥﻮﻴﻠﻴﻣ (

ﺎﻴﺴﻨﻟﺍﻭ ، ) ٥ / ١ ﺮـﻔﻧ ﻥﻮﻴﻠﻴﻣ (

ﻞﻳﻮـﺳ ﻭ

) ٢٤ / ١ ﺮﻔﻧ ﻥﻮﻴﻠﻴﻣ (

ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ . ﻢﻬﻣ ﻥﺎـﺑﺯ ،ﻲﺗﺭﺎـﺒﻋ ﻪـﺑ ﻭ ﺎﻴﻧﺎﭙـﺳﺍ ﺮـﺳﺎﺗﺮﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺞـﻳﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ

ﺎﺑﺯ ،ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻥﺁ ﻲﻤﺳﺭ ﺯﺍ ﺶﻴـﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻟﻮﻴﻧﺎﭙﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ﺎﻳ ﻲﻠﻴﺘﺳﺎﻛ ﻥ

٧٠ % ﻥﺁ ﺎـﺑ ﻡﺩﺮـﻣ

ﻲﻣ ﺖﺒﺤﺻ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺪﻨﻳﺎﻤﻧ

) ﺎﭘﻭﺭﺍ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻪﻜﺒﺷ ،١

٢٠١٠ .(

ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺎـﭘﻭﺭﺍ ﻭ ﺎـﻘﻳﺮﻓﺁ ﻦﻴـﺑ ﻦﺘﻓﺮـﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﻪﺑ ،ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻓﺍﺮﻐﺟ ﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺭﻮﺸﮐ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻩﺍﺭ ﻪﻴﻠﻛ ﻦﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﺏﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺩﻭﺭﻭ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻧﺎﻴﻗﺍ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻧﺍﺮﺘﻳﺪﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲـﻜﻳﺩﺰﻧ ﻭ ﺲـﻠﻃﺍ ﺱﻮ

ﻞﺒﺟ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﺻﺎﺧ ﻲﻜﻳﮋﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺍ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ ،ﻕﺭﺎﻄﻟﺍ

. ﮒﺭﺰـﺑ ﻢﻫﺩ ﺎﻳ ﻢﻬﻧ ﻩﺩﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺎﺒﻟﺎﻏ ﻦﻳﺮـﺗ

ﻲﻳﻻﺎﺑ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﻱﺎﻫﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﻬﺟ ﻱﺎﻫﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ )

ﺯﺍ ﺭﻮـﺸﮐ ﻦﻴﻤﻫﺩﺰﻧﺎﭘ

ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺮﻈﻧ (

ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ .

1 . European Urban Knowledge Network (EUKN)

(4)

١٠٤ ﻦﻴﻣﺯﺮﺳ ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺁ

ﺎﻴﻧﺎﭙﺳﺍ ﻱﺭﻮﺸﮐ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﺴﻘﺗ

ﻮﺸﮐ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﺴﻘﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻨﺗﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﺭ

: ﻖﻃﺎـﻨﻣ ﺭﺎـﺘﺨﻣﺩﻮﺧ ،

ﻥﺎﺘـﺳﺍ ﺎـﻫ

، ﻥﺎﺘـﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﻭ ﺎـﻫ

ﻥﺎﺘﺴﻫﺩ ﺎﻴﻧﺎﭙﺳﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ .

ﺎﻴﻧﺎﭙﺳﺍ ۱۷ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺎﺘﺨﻣﺩﻮﺧ ﺯﺍ ﺪـﻨﺗﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻖﻃﺎـﻨﻣ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﻪـﮐ

: ﺲﻟﺪـﻧﺍ ،

ﻥﻮﮔﺍﺭﺁ ، ﺱﺎﻳﺭﻮﺘﺳﺁ ،

ﺱﺭﺎﺌﻟﺎﺑ ﺮﻳﺍﺰﺟ ،

ﺯﺮﺳ ﮏﺳﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﻣ ،

ﻱﺭﺎﻨﻗ ﺮﻳﺍﺰﺟ ،

ﺎﻳﺮﺑﺎﺘﻧﺎﮐ ، ﺎﭽﻧﺎﻣﻻﺎﻴﺘـﺳﺎﮐ ،

ﻥﻮﺌﻟﺎﻴﺘﺳﺎﮐ ،

ﺎﻴﻧﻮﻟﺎﺗﺎﮐ ، ﺍﺭﻭﺩﺎﻣﺮﺘﺴﮐﺍ ،

ﺎﻴﺴﻴﻟﺎﮔ ،ﺎﺧﻮﻳﺭﻻ ، ﺪﻳﺭﺩﺎﻣ

، ﺎﻴﺳﺭﻮﻣ ، ﺍﺭﺎﺑﺎﻧ ﻭ ﻭ ﺎﻴﺴﻨﻟﺍ .

ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ٢ : ﺶﺨﺑ ﺎﻴﻧﺎﭙﺳﺍ ﺭﻮﺸﮐ ﺭﺎﺘﺨﻣﺩﻮﺧ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺳ ﻴ ﺎﺗﻮ ﻭ ﻪﻠﻴﻠﻣ ﺭﺎﺘﺨﻣﺩﻮﺧ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻭﺩ ﺎﻴﻧﺎﭙﺳﺍ

ﻩﺪﻴﻣﺎﻧ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ . ﻦﻴـﺑ ﻭﺩ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﻲﻧﻮﻧﺎـﻗ ﺮـﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ

ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺎﺘﺨﻣﺩﻮﺧ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻱﺩﺎﻋ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻭ ﺭ .

ﻪﭼﺮﮔﺍ ﻪﮐ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻦﻳﺪﺑ ﺲﻠﺠﻣ

ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺎﺘﺨﻣﺩﻮﺧ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻲﻤﻧ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻭﺩ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﺪﻨﻧﺍﻮﺗ

ﻫ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺎ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻲﻣ ﺎﻣﺍ ،ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺐﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﺭﺎﺘﺨﻣﺩﻮﺧ ﻱﺍﺮـﺑ ﻱﺪـﻋﺍﻮﻗ ﺪﻨﻧﺍﻮﺗ

ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﻱﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﺶﻴﺑ ﻞﻤﻋ ﻪﻨﻣﺍﺩ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻱﺎﻫﺍﺭﻮﺷ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﻧﺍﺭﺬﮕﺑ ﺎﻫ

ﻲﻣ ﻢﻫﺍﺮﻓ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻱﺮﺗ ﺩﺯﺎﺳ

.

ﺎﻴﻧﺎﭙﺳﺍ ﺭﻮﺸﮐ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ

۵۰ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺐـﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﻪـﺑ ﻪﮐ

، ﺶـﺨﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻡﺍﺪـﮐ ﺮـﻫ ﻱﺎـﻫ

ﻢﻴﺴﻘﺗ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﺪﻨﭼ ﺎﻳ ﮏﻳ ﻪﺑ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺭﺎﺘﺨﻣﺩﻮﺧ ﻲﻣ

ﺪﻧﻮﺷ . ﻥﺎﺘـﺳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻴﻧﺎﭙـﺳﺍ ﻱﺎـﻫ ۱۸۳۳

ﻥﻮﻨﮐﺎـﺗ

ﻩﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﻲﻗﺎﺑ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻥﻭﺪﺑ ﺪﻧﺍ

. ﻩﺩﺭ ﺭﺩ

،ﻱﺪﻌﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘـﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﺮﻫ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﻱﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﺮﻫ

(5)

۱۰۵

ﻢﻴﺴﻘﺗ ﻥﺎﺘﺴﻫﺩ ﻱﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻣ

ﺩﻮـﺷ . ﺎﻴﻧﺎﭙـﺳﺍ ۸۱۰۸ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺘـﺴﻫﺩ ﻪـﮐ

ﮏـﭼﻮﮐ ﺪـﺣﺍﻭ ﻦﻳﺮـﺗ

ﻲﻣ ﻥﺁ ﻱﺭﻮﺸﮐ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﺴﻘﺗ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

) ﻭﺩﺍﻭﺯ ،١

١٩٩٥ ﺺﺻ ، ٦١ ﻭ ٦٤ .(

ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ ﺎﻴﻧﺎﭙﺳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ

ﺪﺷ ﺎﻴﻧﺎﭙﺳﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻭ ﺮﻳﺩ ﻲﻠﻴﺧ ﻲﺘﻌﻨﺻ ﺏﻼﻘﻧﺍ .

ﻪـﻫﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻴﻧﺎﭙـﺳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺪـﺷ ﻲﺘﻌﻨـﺻ ١٨٩٠

ﺯﺍ

ﻞﻴﺑ ﻭ ﻥﻮﻠﺳﺭﺎﺑ ،ﺪﻳﺭﺩﺎﻣ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻲﻳﺎﻫﺮﻬﺷ ﺪﺷ ﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﻮﺋﺎﺑ

. ﻪﻫﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺍ ﺮﺧﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻬـﺷ ،ﻥﺮـﻗ ﻦـﻳ

ﮒﺭﺰﺑ ﻝﺮـﺘﻨﮐ ﻱﺍﺮـﺑ ﻥﻮﻧﺎـﻗ ﮏـﻳ ﻪـﻴﻬﺗ ﻭ ﺪـﻧﺩﺮﮐ ﺪﺷﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻲﻤﻳﺪﻗ ﻲﺣﺍﻮﻧ ﻱﺍﺭﻭ ﺭﺩ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺮﺗ

ﻞﮑﺷ ﻭ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﺩﺮـﮐ ﺍﺪـﻴﭘ ﺕﺭﻭﺮـﺿ ﮒﺭﺰـﺑ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻬـﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺩﺪﺠﻣ ﻲﻫﺩ

. ﺭﺩ ﻢـﻬﻣ ﻪـﺛﺩﺎﺣ ﮏـﻳ

ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻢﻫ ﻭ ﺎﻴﻧﺎﭙﺳﺍ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻥﻮﻠﺳﺭﺎﺑ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﺡﺮﻃ ،ﺎﭘﻭﺭﺍ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ

. ﻪـﮐ ،ﺡﺮـﻃ ﻦـﻳﺍ

ﺍﺭ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻞﮑﺷ ﻢﻫ ﺯﻮﻨﻫ ﻲﻣ ﺖﻳﺍﺪﻫ

ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺐﻟﺎﺟ ﻝﺎﺜﻣ ﮏﻳ ،ﺪﻨﮐ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻪﻧ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ

ﻥﺎﻤﺘﺧﺎـﺳ ﻦﻴـﺑ ﻪـﻧﺯﺍﻮﻣ ﻭ ﺎـﻫﺎﻨﺑ ﺐـﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻩﻮﺤﻧ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮑﻠﺑ ،ﻥﺁ ﻱﻮﮕﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺡﺮﻃ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺎـﻫ

ﺰﺒﺳ ﻱﺎﻫﺎﻀﻓ .

ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻪﺛﺩﺎﺣ ﺶﻴﺑ ﻪﮐ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ

ﻩﺪﻳﺍ ﮏﻳ ﺮﺗ ،ﺖـﻴﻌﻗﺍﻭ ﺎـﺗ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻝﺁ

ﻲﻄﺧ ﺮﻬﺷ ﺡﺮﻃ ﺪﻳﺭﺩﺎﻣ٢

ﺳﻭ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺩﻮﺑ ﺎﺗﺎﻣ ﻱﺁ ﺎﻳﺭﻮﺳ ﺭﻮﺗﺭﺁ ﻪﻠﻴ

ﻝﺎﺳ ﺩﻭﺪﺣ ﺭﺩ٣

١٨٨٠ ﻪـﻳﺍﺭﺍ

ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ . ﻩﺍﺭ ﺮﻴﺴﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻄﺧ ﻱﻮﮕﻟﺍ ﮏﻳ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺩﻮﺑ ﺍﻮﻣﺍﺮﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ

. ﮏﻳ ﻲﻄﺧ ﺮﻬﺷ

ﺮﻬـﺷ ﻪﺘﺨﻴـﺴﮔ ﻡﺎﺠﻟ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺗﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﺍﺮﻳﺯ ،ﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺎﺗﻮﮐ ﺕﺪﻣ ﮏﻳ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﻠﻤﻋ ﺖﻴﻘﻓﻮﻣ ﺪﺷ ﺪﻳﺪﭘﺎﻧ ﹰﻼﻣﺎﮐ ﻥﺁ ﺡﺮﻃ ﺍﺬﻟ ﻭ ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﺏﺬﺟ ﻥﺭﺪﻣ .

ﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻭ ﺎﻴﻧﺎﭙﺳﺍ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻲﺳﺎﺳ ١٩٧٨

ﺪـﻨﻳﺍﺮﻓ ﺖﻤﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﺖﻳﺍﺪﻫ ،

ﻥﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺨﻣﺩﻮﺧ ﻭ ﻝﻼﻘﺘﺳﺍ ،ﻥﺁ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺪﺷ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﺍﺭ ﻲﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻲﻳﺍﺩﺯﺰﮐﺮﻤﺗ ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺖﻴﻤﺳﺭ ﻪﺑ .

ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺨﻣﺩﻮﺧ ﺎﺑ ١٧

ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻲﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻪﺸﻘﻧ ﮏﻳ ،ﺎﻴﻧﺎﭙﺳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ

ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻭ ﺪﻣﺁ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺭ ﺖـﻟﻭﺩ ﺖﻴﻟﻭﺆـﺴﻣ ﻭ ﻝﺮـﺘﻨﮐ ﺖـﺤﺗ ﺎﻴﻧﺎﭙﺳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺰﻳ ﻱﺎـﻫ

ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺭﺎﺘﺨﻣﺩﻮﺧ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﮐ ﻱﺍ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺪﻴﻣﺎﻧ٤

ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ،ﺪﻧﻮﺷ .

ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﻳﺍﺭﺍ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺳﺎﺳﺍ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ

ﺭﺩ ﻱﺭﺎــﺼﺤﻧﺍ ﻱﺭﺎــﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺭﺪــﻗ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻖﻃﺎــﻨﻣ ﻦــﻳﺍ ﻪــﻤﻫ ﻲــﺳﺎﺳﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎــﻗ ﺏﻮﭼﺭﺎــﭼ ﺭﺩ ﻢﻫ ﻭ ﻭﺮﻤﻠﻗ ﻲﻫﺪﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ

ﻳﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﺕﺭﺪﻗ ﻭ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﻊﺿﻭ ﺕﺭﺪﻗ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﺪﻧﺪـﺷ ﻲ

. ﻞـﺧﺍﺩ ﺭﺩ

ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ،ﺭﺎﺘﺨﻣﺩﻮﺧ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺮﻫ ﺮﻬـﺷ ﻱﺎﻫﺍﺭﻮـﺷ ﻂـﺳﻮﺗ ﻲﻠﺤﻣ ﺡﻮﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ

ﺍ٥

ﻡﺎـﺠﻧ

1 .Zoido 2 . Linear City

3 . Arturo Soria y Mata

4 . Autonomous Communities(AC) 5 . Town Council

(6)

١٠٦ ﻦﻴﻣﺯﺮﺳ ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺁ

ﻲﻣ ﺕﺭﺪﻗ ﺖﻘﻓﺍﻮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﻨﻣ ﺮﻣﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻭ ﺩﺮﻴﮔ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺎﺘﺨﻣﺩﻮﺧ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ ) ،ﺰـﻟﺍﺰﻨﮔ ٢٠٠٤

،

ﺺﺻ ٣٢ ﻭ ٤١ .(

ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻒﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﺎﻴﻧﺎﭙﺳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ

ﻲﺳﻮﺴﺤﻣ ﺪﻧﻭﺭ ﻲﻳﺎﭘﻭﺭﺍ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﮐ ﻪﻤﻫ ﺭﺩ ﹰﺎﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ ﻪـﺑ ﻭ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﻦﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺭﺩ

ﻲﻣ ﻩﺪﻳﺩ ﻢﺴﻴﻟﺍﺭﺪﻓ ﻱﻮﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺶﻳﺍﺮﮔ ،ﻲﻠﮐ ﺭﻮﻃ ﺩﻮﺷ

. ﻪﺘﻓﺮـﺸﻴﭘ ﻅﺎﺤﻟ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮـﺸﮐ ﻦﻳﺮـﺗ

ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺎﻴﻧﺎﭙﺳﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻴﻟﺎﺘﻳﺍ ﺭﻮﺸﮐ ﻭﺩ ﻲﻳﺎﭘﻭﺭﺍ .

ﻪـﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻂﻴـﺴﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺭﻮـﺸﮐ ﻭﺩ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﻲﺘﻣﻮﮑﺣ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻱﺍ

ﻩﺪﻴﻣﺎﻧ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺪﻧﺍ

. ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺰﮐﺮﻤﺘﻣﺮﻴﻏ ﺎﻳ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ

ﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﻲﻤﻧ ﻪﮐ ﺪ

ﺍﺭ ﺎـﻬﻧﺁ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ

ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺰﺟ ﺎﻘﻴﻗﺩ ﻡﺎـﻈﻧ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﻭ ﺩﻮـﻤﻧ ﺏﻮﺴﺤﻣ ﻝﺍﺭﺪﻓ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻪـﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎـﺳ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺎـﻫ ،ﻱﻮـﻗ ﻱﺍ

ﻲـﻣ ﺢﻄـﺳ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻬﺟﻮـﺗ ﻞـﺑﺎﻗ ﻝﻼﻘﺘﺳﺍ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺨﻣﺩﻮﺧ ﺪﻨـﺷﺎﺑ

) ،ﻖـﻴﻓﻮﺗ ١٣٨٤ ﺹ ، ٨٥ .(

ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻲﺒﺗﺍﺮﻣ ﻪﻠﺴﻠﺳ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺎﻴﻧﺎﭙﺳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ ﻪـﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺏﻮﭼﺭﺎـﭼ ﻭ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

ﻱﺰـﻳﺭ

ﺭﻮﺸﮐ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺩﺮﮐ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻪﺳ ﺭﺩ

.

- ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻗ

،ﻲﻠﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺭﺍﺬﮔ

- ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ

،ﺭﺎﺘﺨﻣﺩﻮﺧ ﻊﻣﺍﻮﺟ ﺖﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻱﺍ

- ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻲﻠﺤﻣ ﺡﻮﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ )

١ﺰﻧﺮﺑ ، ١٩٩٧

، ﺹ ٣ .(

ﺖﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻢﻴﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺩﺎﻳ ﺡﻮﻄﺳ ﺯﺍ ﮏﻳ ﺮﻫ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻣﺍﺩﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺮﮐﺫ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ .

ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻲﻠﻣ ﺢﻄﺳﺭﺩ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ

ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻲﺻﺎﺧ ﺡﺮﻃ ،ﻲﻠﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻥﻮﻧﺎـﻗ ﻪﺑ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ

ﻱﺭﺍﺬـﮔ

ﻲﻣ ﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﺩﻮﺷ

. ﻪـﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻥﻮﻧﺎـﻗ ﻦﻴـﻟﻭﺍ ﻝﺎـﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻲـﻠﻣ ﻪـﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺎـﺑ ﻱﺰـﻳﺭ

١٩٥٦ ﻭ ﺪـﺷ ﺡﺮـﻄﻣ

ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺕﺎﺣﻼﺻﺍ ١٩٧٠

ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ،

ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻱﺭﺍﺬﮔ ١٩٧٦

ﺪﺷ . ﻥﻮﻧﺎـﻗ

ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻝﺎﺳ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ ١٩٩٢

ﻢﻬﻣ ﻮﺘﺳﺩ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﻲﻠﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍﺭ

ﺖﻳﺍﺪﻫ ﻱﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﻥﻮﻨﮐﺎﺗ ﻭ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺭﻮﺸﮐ ﻦﻳﺍ .

ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ ﻲﻠﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ

ﺖﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻝﻭﺆﺴﻣ ﻲﻠﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺭﻮﺸﮐ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻦﮑﺴﻣ ﺕﺭﺍﺯﻭ ﻲـﻣ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﻱﺭﺍﺬﮔ

ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ

ﻲﻣ ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ ﺮﻣﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻳﺯ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﺪﻳﺎﻤﻧ

:

1 . Burns

(7)

۱۰۷

- ﻦﻴﻣﺯ ﻂﺑﺍﻮﺿ ﻭ ﻦﻴﻧﺍﻮﻗ ﻲﻨﻴﺑﺯﺎﺑ :١

ﻪﮐ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻲـﻣ ﻲﻠﻣ ﺏﻮﭼﺭﺎﭼ ﺭﺩ

ﻂﺑﺍﻮـﺿ ،ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ

،ﺯﺎـﺳ ﻭ ﺖﺧﺎـﺳ ﻕﻮـﻘﺣ ،ﻦﻴـﻣﺯ ﻲﻠـﺻﺍ ﻦﻴﻧﺍﻮـﻗ ﻪـﻠﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺮﻬـﺷ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻞﻳﺎﺴﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮﺳ ﻭ ﻲﻄﻴﺤﻣ ﺖﺴﻳﺯ ﻕﻮﻘﺣ ،ﻲﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﻱﺭﺍﺬﮔ ...

ﻲﻣ ﻦﻳﻭﺪﺗ ﺍﺭ ﺪﻳﺎﻤﻧ

.

- ﺯﺎﺳ ﻭ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ﻭ ﻱﺯﺎﺳﻮﻧ ،ﻦﮑﺴﻣ ﻲﻠﻣ ﺡﺮﻃ ٢٠١٢

-

٢٢٠٠٩

،

ﻲﻣ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻑﺪﻫ ﻭﺩ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺡﺮﻃ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ

: ـﺑ ﻲـﺳﺮﺘﺳﺩ ﻞﻴﻬـﺴﺗ ﺩﺍﺮـﻓﺍ ﻱﺍﺮـﺑ ﻦﮑـﺴﻣ ﻪ

ﺶﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﻱﺯﺎﺳﻮﻧ ﻭ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲـﮑﻳﺰﻴﻓ ﺕﻼﺧﺍﺪـﻣ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﮏﻳﮋﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻲﻠﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﮐ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻭ ﻦﮑﺴﻣ ﺡﺮﻃ ﻭ ﻲﻳﺎﺘﺳﻭﺭ ﻱﮊﺮـﻧﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻭ ﻱﮊﺮﻧﺍ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﮐ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺮﻳﺬـﭘﺪﻳﺪﺠﺗ ﻱﺎـﻫ .

ﻖﻃﺎـﻨﻣ

ﺎﺘﺨﻣﺩﻮﺧ ﺡﺮﻃ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﻝﻭﺆﺴﻣ ﺭ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻠﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ

.

- ﺖﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻦﻴﻣﺯ ﻱﺎﻫ :٣

ﻦﻳﺍ ﻦﻴﻣﺯ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻲﺘﻟﺎﻳﺍ ﻦﻴﻣﺯ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ،ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺗﺭﺍﺯﻭ ﺯﻮﻨﻫ ﻪﮐ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ

ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮕﻧ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﺘﻟﻭﺩ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﮏـﻤﮐ ﻭ ﻦﮑـﺴﻣ ﻪـﺑ ﻲﺳﺮﺘﺳﺩ ﻞﻴﻬﺴﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ،ﺪﻧﺍ

ﻱﺎـﻫ

ﻪﻧﺍﺭﺎﻳ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺁ ﻱﺍ .

ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﺮﻣﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻭ ﺭﺎـﺘﺨﻣﺩﻮﺧ ﻖﻃﺎـﻨﻣ ﻖـﻓﺍﻮﺗ ﺩﺭﻮـﻣ

ﺕﺭﺪﻗ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻠﺤﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ .

ﺺﺨـﺸﻣ ﻪـﻠﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻴـﺴﺑ ﺕﺎﻌﺒﺗ ﻭ ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﺖﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﺮﻴﮔﺭﺎﮐ ﻪﺑ

ﻪﻧﺍﺭﺎﻳ ﻦﮑﺴﻣ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻥﺪﺷ ﺖـﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺵﺮﺘـﺴﮔ ﻭ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﺭﺍﺬﮔﺍﻭ ﻦﻴﻣﺯ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ،ﻱﺍ

ﺭﺩ ﻪﺑﺎـﺸﻣ ﻱﺎـﻫ

ﺶﺨﺑ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﻲﻠﺤﻣ ﻭ ﻱﺍ

.

- ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ : ٤

ﻤﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻦﮑﺴﻣ ﺕﺭﺍﺯﻭ ﺭﺎـﻣﺁ ﻱﺮﻴﮔﺭﺎـﮐ ﻪﺑ ﺎﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻲﺗﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ،ﺭﺎﺘﺨﻣﺩﻮﺧ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﮑ

ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻪﺑ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺕﺎﻃﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﮎﺭﺩ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻭ ﻲﺘﻴﻌﻤﺟ .

ﻪـﺑ ﻢﺘـﺴﻴﺳ ﻦﻳﺍ

ﻪﻴﻬﺗ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ ﻭ ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺖـﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻥﺍﺮـﻴﮔ

ﻥﺎـﮑﻣﺍ ﻭ ﺩﺮـﮐ ﺪـﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﮏـﻤﮐ ﻱﺮﻬـﺷ ﻱﺎـﻫ

ﺖﺳﺍ ﻢﻫﺍﺮﻓ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺖﻧﺮﺘﻨﻳﺍ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺳﺮﺘﺳﺩ )

ﺯﺭﺎﺒﻳﺍ ،٥

١٩٩٨ .(

ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺢﻄﺳﺭﺩ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ ﻱﺍ

ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺎﻴﻧﺎﭙﺳﺍ ﻲﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﺴﻘﺗ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻦﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﺭﺎﺘﺨﻣﺩﻮﺧ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ .

ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺎﺘﺨﻣﺩﻮﺧ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ

ﺖﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻲﺣﺍﺮﻃ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻌﻴﺳﻭ ﺕﺭﺪﻗ ﺖﻴﻌـﺿﻭ ﻱﺎـﻘﺗﺭﺍ ﻭ ﺩﻮـﺒﻬﺑ ﺖـﻴﻠﺑﺎﻗ ﺎـﺑ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ

1 . Revised text of land act

2 . National plan 2000-2012 on Building and urban renovation and housing 3 . land policy

4 . Urban Information System 5 . Ibarz

(8)

١٠٨ ﻦﻴﻣﺯﺮﺳ ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺁ

ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻲﻧﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻲﻳﺎﻀﻓ ﻭ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ

. ﺕﺭﺪﻗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻝﻭﺆـﺴﻣ ﺎـﻫ

،ﺱﺭﺍﺪـﻣ

ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﻳﺎﺘـﺳﻭﺭ ﻭ ﻱﺮﻬـﺷ ﻪﻌـﺳﻮﺗ ﻭ ﻲـﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ،ﻲﻋﺎـﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﺪـﺧ ،ﻲﺘـﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﺭﻮـﻣﺍ ،ﺎـﻫ

ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ . ﺖﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻱﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﻭ ﻲﺣﺍﺮﻃ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻠﺤﻣ ﺡﻮﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻱﺎﻫﺍﺭﻮﺷ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺮﻬـﺷ ﻱﺎـﻫ

ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻲﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻲﺘﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻭ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ

ﺪﻨﻳﺎﻤﻧ .

ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ ﻄﻨﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ

ﻪﻘ ﻱﺍ

ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ

ﻲﻣ ﻥﺩﺮﮐ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺪﻨﭼ ﺭﺩ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺍ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ

:

١ . ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺡﺮﻃ ﻱﮋﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺍ ﻱﺍ

ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻱﺍ

) ﻲﺸﺨﺑ

١(

ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺡﺮﻃ ﻲﻣ ﻪﻴﻬﺗ ﺕﺪﻣﺪﻨﻠﺑ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺎﻴﻧﺎﭙﺳﺍ ﻱﺍ

ﻱﮋﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺍ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺷ ﺖﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻭ ﺎﻫ

ﻱﺎـﻫ

ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻩﺪﻬﻋ ﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ .

ﻣ ،ﺭﺍﺪﻳﺎﭘ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﺡﺮﻃ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻑﺪﻫ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻲﺘﺑﺎـﻗﺭ ﻭ ﻢﺠﺴﻨ

. ﺡﺮـﻃ ﻦـﻳﺍ

ﻲﻣ ﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺮﻳﺯ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﻣ ﺩﺮﻴﮔ

:

-

،ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﻪﮑﺒﺷ

- ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻪﮑﺒﺷ ﻱﺍ

) ﻭ ﺏﺁ ،ﻱﮊﺮﻧﺍ ،ﻞﻘﻧ ﻭ ﻞﻤﺣ (...

،

- ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻦﻴﻣﺯ ﺯﺍ ﺖﻇﺎﻔﺣ ﻱﺍ

) ﻭ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻭ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﺖﻇﺎﻔﺣ ،ﮏﺴﻳﺭ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ (...

،

- ﻦﻴﺑ ﻭ ﻲﻠﻣ ﺡﻮﻄﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ

،ﻲﻠﻠﻤﻟﺍ

ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻭ ﻦﮑﺴﻣ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻣ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ

ﻪﻘﻄﻨ

٢ﻱﺍ ـﺴﻣ ﺮـﺿﺎﺣ ﻝﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺆ

ﺡﺮـﻃ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﻪـﻴﻬﺗ ﻝﻭ

ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻝﺎـﺳ ﻥﻮﻧﺎـﻗ ﻖﺒﻃ ﺡﺮﻃ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺖﮐﺭﺎﺸﻣ ﻥﺎﮑﻣﺍ ٢٠٠٧

ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﻢﻫﺍﺮـﻓ )

،ﻭﺩﺍﻭﺯ

١٩٩٥ ﺺﺻ ، ٦٦ ﻭ ٧٢ .(

ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻦﻴﻧﺍﻮﻗ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺍ

ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺑ ﻱﺍ

. ﻖـﻳﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻳﺭﺩﺎﻣ ،ﻝﺎﺜﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ

ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺡﺮﻃ ﻱﮊﺮﻧﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻑﺪﻫ ﻱﮊﺮﻧﺍ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ

ﺪـﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺶﻫﺎـﮐ ﻭ ﺮﻳﺬـﭘﺪﻳﺪﺠﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺍﺭCO2

ﻲﻣ ﻝﺎﺒﻧﺩ ﺪﻳﺎﻤﻧ . ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ٢٠٠٥ ﺯﺍ ﺶﻴﺑ ٣٠ ﻱﺪﻴـﺷﺭﻮﺧ ﻱﮊﺮـﻧﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻝﺎﺒﻧﺩ ﻪﺑ ،ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮﻬﺷ

ﻝﺎـﻌﻓ ﺎﻴﺴﻨﻟﺍﻭ ﻭ ﺪﻳﺭﺩﺎﻣ ،ﺎﻴﻧﻮﻟﺎﺗﺎﮐ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘـﺳﺍ ﻪـﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﺎـﻬﻧﺁ ﻦﻳﺮـﺗ

ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ) ،ﺎﭘﻭﺭﺍ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻪﻜﺒﺷ ٢٠١٠

.(

1 . Regional Plan of Territorial Strategy 2 . Office of housing and Territorial planning

(9)

۱۰۹

ﻊﺒﻨﻣ ) : ﻥﺎﻤﻫ (

۲ . ﮓﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺕﺎﻣﺍﺪﻗﺍ ﻱﺯﺎﺳ

ﻱﺍ ) ﻲﺸﺨﺑ

١(

،

٣ . ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺭﺎﻬﻇﺍ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖﻴﺑﺍﺬﺟ ﺹﻮﺼﺧ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺍ

ﺭﺎﺘﺨﻣﺩﻮﺧ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻩﮋﻳﻭ ﻱﺎﻫ

٤ . ﻩﮊﻭﺮﭘ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ

٢ﻱﺍ .

ﻲـﺒﺗﺍﺮﻣ ﻪﻠـﺴﻠﺳ ﻡﺎـﻈﻧ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﻪـﺑ ﺭﺎـﺘﺨﻣﺩﻮﺧ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﻥﻮﻨﮐﺎﺗ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﮐﺫ ﻪﺑ ﻡﺯﻻ ﺡﺮﻃ ﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻴﻧ ﺖﺳ ﺪﻧﺍ

) . ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻚﻴﻧﺎﺘﻟﻭﻮﺘﻓ ﻱﺎﻫ ،

٢٠٠٦ .(

1 . Coordinated programmes of territorial action

2 . Declarations of Reyions of Special Interest Within the AC

(10)

١١٠ ﻦﻴﻣﺯﺮﺳ ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺁ

ﺢﻄﺳ ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ

ﺎﻫ ﺎﻫﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ

ﺎﻫﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ ﻒﻴﺻﻮﺗ

ﻲﻠﻣ

ﻲﻠﻣ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻲﻠﻣ ﺡﺮﻃ ﻥﻭﺪﺑ ﻱﺭﺍﺬﮕﺘﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻭ )

ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ

ﻝﺎﺳ ١٩٩٢ ﻪﺑ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ

ﻲﻠﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍﺭﻮﺘﺳﺩ (

ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻲﺸﺨﺑ ﺖﻳﺍﺪﻫ ﺹﺎﺧ ﺕﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ

ﻧﺍﻮﻗ ﻲﻨﻴﺑﺯﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﻣﺯ ﻂﺑﺍﻮﺿ ﻭ ﻦﻴ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻂﺑﺍﻮﺿ

ﻳﺎﺴﻣ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻞ

ﻭ ﻱﺯﺎﺳﻮﻧ ،ﻦﮑﺴﻣ ﻲﻠﻣ ﺡﺮﻃ ﺯﺎﺳ ﻭ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ٢٠١٢

- ٢٠٠٩ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻦﮑﺴﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺳﺮﺘﺳﺩ ﻞﻴﻬﺴﺗ

ﻱﺯﺎﺳﻮﻧ ﻭ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﮏﻳﮋﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺖﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻦﻴﻣﺯ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻭ ﻦﮑﺴﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺳﺮﺘﺳﺩ ﻞﻴﻬﺴﺗ

ﮏﻤﮐ ﻪﻧﺍﺭﺎﻳ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻱﺍ

ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ

ﻑﺎﻔﺷ ﺖﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻱﺯﺎﺳ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺯ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻭ ﻦﻴﻣ ﻭ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ

ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﺲﻠﻃﺍ ﮏﻳ ﻪﻴﻬﺗ ﺎﻴﻧﺎﭙﺳﺍ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ

ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣﻱﺍ

ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺡﺮﻃ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺍ

ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ ﻱﺍ

ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺡﺮﻃ ﻱﮋﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺍ ﻱﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﻣ ﻥﺩﺮﮐ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ

:

- ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﻪﮑﺒﺷ

- ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻪﮑﺒﺷ ﻱﺍ ) ﻞﻘﻧ ﻭ ﻞﻤﺣ ،

ﻭ ﺏﺁ ،ﻱﮊﺮﻧﺍ (...

- ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺖﻇﺎﻔﺣ ﻱﺍ

ﻦﻴﻣﺯ ) ﺖﻇﺎﻔﺣ ،ﮏﺴﻳﺭ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ

ﻭ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻭ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ (...

- ﻭ ﻲﻠﻣ ﺡﻮﻄﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ

ﻦﻴﺑ ﻲﻠﻠﻤﻟﺍ

ﮓﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺕﺎﻣﺍﺪﻗﺍ ﻱﺯﺎﺳ

ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻱﺍ ﺡﺮﻃ

ﻲﮔﺪﻨﮐﺍﺮﭘ ﻭ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﻳﺎﺘﺳﻭﺭ ﻭ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻱﺎﻫﺎﻀﻓ

ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺭﺎﻬﻇﺍ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺍ

ﺑﺍﺬﺟ ﺹﻮﺼﺧ ﺖﻴ

ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﻩﮋﻳﻭ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺭﺎﺘﺨﻣﺩﻮﺧ ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ

ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺹﺎﺧ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻩﮊﻭﺮﭘ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﻱﺍ

-

ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ١ : ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻭ ﻲﻠﻣ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ

ﺎﻴﻧﺎﭙﺳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺍ

ﻊﺒﻨﻣ ) : ﻩﺪﻧﺭﺎﮕﻧ ، ١٣٨٩ (

ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻲﻠﺤﻣ ﺢﻄﺳﺭﺩ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ

ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺡﺮـﻃ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻴﻧﺎﭙﺳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻠﺤﻣ ﻭ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ ﺪـﻫ ﻲـﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎـﻫ

ﺖﻳﺍ

(11)

۱۱۱

ﻲﻣ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﻊﻣﺎﺟ ﺡﺮﻃ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ

ﻲﻣ١

ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ . ﻪـﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺢﻄـﺳ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺰـﻳﺭ

ﻩﮋﻳﻭ ﻩﺎﮕﻳﺎﺟ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻧﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺭﺪﻗ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺍ

ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ .

ﻪـﻣﺍﺩﺍ ﺭﺩ

ﺶﻴﺑ ﺢﻴﺿﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻣ ﺖﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻢﻴﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺹﻮﺼﺧ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺗ

.

ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ ﻲﻠﺤﻣ ﺢﻄﺳﺭﺩ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ

ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ

ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻨﺗﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ

:

١ - ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﻊﻣﺎﺟ ﺡﺮﻃ :

ﻝﺎﺳ ﻦﻴﻣﺯ ﻱﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﻖﺒﻃ ١٩٩٢

ﻪـﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ،ﺭﺎـﺘﺨﻣﺩﻮﺧ ﻖﻃﺎـﻨﻣ ﺯﺍ ﮏـﻳ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺰـﻳﺭ

ﻲﻣ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻱﺍﺭﻮﺷ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻲﻠﺤﻣ ﺡﻮﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﺩﻮﺷ

. ﻢـﻬﻣ ﻱﺮﻬـﺷ ﻊﻣﺎـﺟ ﺡﺮﻃ ﻦﻳﺮـﺗ

ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ ﺖﺳﺎﻴﻧﺎﭙﺳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ

. ﺡﺮﻃ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫ ﻡﺍﺰـﻟﺍ ﻲﻧﻮﻧﺎـﻗ

ﺖـﺳﺍ ﺭﻭﺁ .

ﺡﺮـﻃ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺎـﻫ

ﻦﻴﻣﺯ ﻊﻣﺎﺟ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻪﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ

ﻲﻣ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﻦﻴﻣﺯ ،ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﻉﻮـﻨﻤﻣ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺎﺳ ﻭ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ﻪﮐ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ

ﻦﻴﻣﺯ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﻴﻣﺯ ﻭ ﺯﺎﺳ ﻭ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺯﺎﺠﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻱﺎﻫ .

ﻭﺩ ﻪـﺑ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻲﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ

ﻲﻣ ﻢﻴﺴﻘﺗ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﺩﻮﺷ

: ﻦﻴﻣﺯ ﻊﻣﺎﺟ ﺡﺮﻃ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺎﺳ ﻭ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ﻪﮐ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﺶﻴـﭘ

ﻭ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﻲـﻨﻴﺑ

ﻦﻴﻣﺯ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺸﻧ ﻪﻴﻬﺗ ﻱﺩﺮﺒﻫﺍﺭ ﺎﻳ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺯﻮﻨﻫ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﮐ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ .

ﻪـﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺮـﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻊﻣﺎﺟ ﺡﺮﻃ

ﻱﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﺕﺪﺷ ﻭ ﻉﻮﻧ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻫ

ﻭ ﮏﺒـﺳ ﻭ ﻦﻴﮕﻨـﺳ ﻊﻳﺎﻨـﺻ ،ﻪﺒﺗﺮﻣﺪﻨﻠﺑ ﻭ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ،ﻢﮐ ﻲﻧﻮﮑﺴﻣ –

ﻲﻣ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺮﻴﻏ ﺪﻫﺩ

. ﺡﺮﻃ ﻦﻴﻤﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮑﺒﺷ ﺎﻫ

ﻥﺎﻤﺘﺧﺎـﺳ ﺭﺍﺮﻘﺘـﺳﺍ ﻥﺎـﮑﻣ ،ﻱﺮﺑﺍﺮﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻱﺎـﻫ

ﻣ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻖﻃﺎـﻨﻣ ،ﻩﺮـﻴﻏ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺘـﺳﺮﺒﻗ ،ﻲﺒﻫﺬـﻣ ،ﻲـﺷﺯﺭﻭ ،ﻲﺘـﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ،ﻲـﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ،ﻲـﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﺪﻨﻧﺎ

ﮎﺭﺎﭘ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﺯﺎﺑ ﻱﺎﻫﺎﻀﻓ ﻭ ﻲﺘﻇﺎﻔﺣ ﻲﻣ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺰﺒﺳ ﻱﺎﻫﺎﻀﻓ ﻭ ﺎﻫ

ﺩﻮﺷ .

ﻲـﻣ ﻪـﻳﺍﺭﺍ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻱﺍﺭﻮﺷ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﮐ ﺡﺮﻃ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺕﺎـﻣﺎﻘﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮـﺧ ﺖـﻘﻓﺍﻮﻣ ﺪـﻳﺎﺑ ،ﺩﻮـﺷ

ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺪﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﺐﺴﮐ ﻱﺍ .

ﻠﭘﻭﺮﺘﻣ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻊﻣﺎﺟ ﺡﺮﻃ ﻪﮐ ﻲﻣﺎﮕﻨﻫ ﻪـﻤﻫ ﺪـﻳﺎﺑ ﺡﺮـﻃ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲ

ﻲﻠﭘﻭﺮﺘﻣ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻳﺎﻫﺍﺭﻮﺷ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﺰﮐﺮﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﺮﻬﺷ ﺩﺮﻴﮔﺮﺑﺭﺩ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﻏﺩﺍ .

ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ ،ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻩﻭﻼﻋ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ

ﻪـﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺖﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻱﺎﻫ -

ﻝﺎـﺳ ﻲـﻄﻴﺤﻣ ﺖـﺴﻳﺯ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﺎﺑ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺴﻳﺯ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻭ ﻱﺍ ٢٠٠٢

ﺩﺭﻮـﻣ

ﻗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔ ﺭﺍﺮ .

ﺶﺨﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺹﺎﺧ ﺪﻴﮐﺎﺗ ﻲـﻣ ﺏﻼﺿﺎﻓ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻭ ﻲﺗﻮﺻ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ

ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ

) ،ﻖﻴﻓﻮﺗ ١٣٨٤ ﺹ،

٩٠ .(

1 . The General Urban Distribution Plan (GUDP)

(12)

١١٢ ﻦﻴﻣﺯﺮﺳ ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺁ

ﻞﻜﺷ ٤ : ﻥﻮﻠﺳﺭﺎﺑ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﻴﻬﺗ ﻊﻣﺎﺟ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺡﺮﻃ )

١٨٥٩ ﻭ ١٩٩٨ (

ﻊﺒﻨﻣ ) : ﻱﻼﻳﺯﺭﺎﺑ ،١

١٩٩١ (

٢ - ﺡﺮﻃ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ :٢

ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻦﻴﻣﺯ ﻱﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺡﺮـﻃ

ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﻊﻣﺎﺟ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺪﻳﺩ٣

.

٣ - ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ :٤

ﺶـﺨﺑ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻭ ﻢﻴﺴﻘﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﻪـﻳﺍﺭﺍ ﻲﻠـﺻﺍ ﻱﺎـﻫ

ﺡﺮﻃ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﻊﻣﺎﺟ

ﻒﻟﺍ ( ﺡﺮﻃ ﻲﻳﺰﺟ ﻱﺎﻫ :

ﺡﺮﻃ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻦﻴـﻣﺯ ﺵﺮﺘـﺴﮔ ﻭ ﻪﻌـﺳﻮﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻦﻴﻣﺯ ﻞﻳﺪﺒﺗ ،ﺎﻫ ﻱﺎـﻫ

ﺍﺭ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ )

ﻢﺘـﺴﻴﺳ ﻩﺍﺭ ،ﻲﻣﻮـﻤﻋ ﻱﺎـﻫ ﺪـﻴﻟﻮﺗ ،ﻱﺭﻭﺁﺩﻮـﺳ ،ﺰﺒـﺳ ﻖﻃﺎـﻨﻣ ،ﺎـﻫ

( ﻪـﺑ ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ ﺎـﺑ

ﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﺖﻳﺩ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﻊﻣﺎﺟ ﺡﺮﻃ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﻣ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ

ﺪـﻨﻳﺎﻤﻧ . ﻪـﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺎـﻫ

ﻲﻣ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﺮﻳﺯ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﻣ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ

:

- ﻥﺎﻤﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻭ ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ،ﻦﻴﻣﺯ ﻱﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﻲﻠﻴﺼﻔﺗ ﺕﺍﺭﺮﻘﻣ

،ﺎﻫ

- ﻪﭼﻮﮐ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻲﻠﺤﻣ ﻲﻃﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻁﻮﻄﺧ ﻪﮑﺒﺷ ﻲﺣﺍﺮﻃ ﻥﺍﺪﻴﻣ ،ﺎﻫ

،ﻩﺮﻴﻏ ،ﺎﻫ

-

،ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﺕﺍﺰﻴﻬﺠﺗ ﻭ ﻲﺷﺯﺭﻭ ،ﺰﺒﺳ ﻱﺎﻫﺎﻀﻓ ﻪﮑﺒﺷ

- ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﺯﺎﺳ ﻭ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻱﺭﺍﺬﮔ .

1 . Barzelay

2 . Distribution plans 3 . GUDP

4 . Urban Development Planning

(13)

۱۱۳

ﻞﻜﺷ ٥ : ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻧﻮﻠﺳﺭﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻳﺰﺟ ﺡﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺍ

ﺏ ( ﺡﺮﻃ ﻩﮋﻳﻭ ﻱﺎﻫ :

ﺡﺮﻃ ﻊﻴﺳﻭ ﻭ ﺮﺗﺯﺎﺑ ﻱﺍﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﻩﮋﻳﻭ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﻣ ﻲﺘﺣ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻱﺮﺗ

ﺪـﻨﻧﺍﻮﺗ

ﺪﻨﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﻝﺎﺒﻧﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻲﺗﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ .

ﻲﻣ ،ﻝﺎﺜﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺡﺮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ

ﻓ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﻣﻮـﻤﻋ ﻱﺎﻫﺎﻀ

ﻩﺪﻧﺯ ﺎﺑ ،ﺮﻬﺷ ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺘﻣ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺮﺸﻓ ﻲﺣﺍﻮﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﻱﺯﺎﺳ

ﻲـﺿﺍﺭﺍ ﻞﻳﺪـﺒﺗ ﻭ ﺮـﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻭ ﻲﺨﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﺪﻗﺎﻓ )

،ﻖﻴﻓﻮﺗ ١٣٨٤ ﺺﺻ ، ٩١ ﻭ ٩٠ .(

ﺝ ( ﻲﻠﻴﺼﻔﺗ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ :

ﺡﺮﻃ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﺎﻫ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻪﭼﺭﺎﭙﮑﻳ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﻩﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﮏﻳ ﻩﮋﻳﻭ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻣ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍﺮﺗ ﺡﻮﻄﺳ ﻭ ﻲﻓﺍﺮﮔﻮﭘﻮﺗ ﻭ ﺐﻴﺷ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮ

ﺪﻨﻫﺩ .

ﺩ ( ﻩﺪﺷ ﺖﻇﺎﻔﺣ ﻱﺎﻫﺎﻀﻓ ﺖﺳﺮﻬﻓ :

ﺡﺮﻃ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﺎﻳ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺯﺎﺳ ﻭ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ

ﺍﺭ ﻲﻳﺎـﻫ

ﻲﻣ ﻲﻓﺮﻌﻣ ،ﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺖﻇﺎﻔﺣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻳﺎﻤﻧ

. ﻢـﻫ ﻭ ﻲـﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻂﻴـﺤﻣ ﻢـﻫ ﺖﺳﺮﻬﻓ ﻦﻳﺍ

ﻲﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺍﺭ ﻉﻮﻨﺼﻣ ﺩﻮﺷ

) ﺺﺻ ،ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ٢١٧

ﻭ ٢٨٠ .(

(14)

١١٤ ﻦﻴﻣﺯﺮﺳ ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺁ

ﺢﻄﺳ ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﺎﻫ ﺎﻫﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﺴﻘﺗ

ﺎﻫﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ ﻮﺗ

ﺎﻫﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ ﻒﻴﺻ

ﻭ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﻲﻠﺤﻣ

ﻲﻠﺤﻣ ﺡﻮﻄﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﺬﻴﻔﻨﺗ )ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﻱﺎﻫﺍﺭﻮﺷ( ﺡﺮﻃ ﻪﻴﻬﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﻊﻣﺎﺟ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺡﺮﻃ ﻊﻣﺎﺟ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻱﺮﻬﺷ -

ﻲﺿﺍﺭﺍ ﻱﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ

ﺡﺮﻃ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻱﺮﻬﺷ -

ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻦﻴﻣﺯ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻪـﮐ ﻱﺮﻬـﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ

GUDP ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺪﻳﺩ .

ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ :

ﻭ ﻢﻴﺴﻘﺗ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ

ﺶﺨﺑ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﻳﺍﺭﺍ ﺡﺮﻃ GUDP ﺡﺮﻃ

ﻲﻳﺰﺟ ﻱﺎﻫ - ﺕﺪـﺷ ،ﻦﻴـﻣﺯ ﻱﺮﺑﺭﺎـﮐ ﻲﻠﻴـﺼﻔﺗ ﺕﺍﺭﺮﻘﻣ

ﻥﺎﻤﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻭ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﻫ

- ﻲـﻠﺤﻣ ﻲﻃﺎـﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻁﻮـﻄﺧ ﻪﮑﺒـﺷ ﻲﺣﺍﺮﻃ

ﻪﭼﻮﮐ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻥﺍﺪﻴﻣ ،ﺎﻫ ﻩﺮﻴﻏ ،ﺎﻫ

- ﻭ ﻲـــﺷﺯﺭﻭ ﻭ ﺰﺒـــﺳ ﻱﺎﻫﺎـــﻀﻓ ﻪﮑﺒـــﺷ

ﻭ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﺕﺍﺰﻴﻬﺠﺗ

- ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﺳ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻱﺭﺍﺬﮔ ﻭ ﺖﺧﺎ

ﺯﺎﺳ

ﺡﺮﻃ ﻩﮋﻳﻭ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺡﺮﻃ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﻱﺮﻴﮕﻴﭘ ﻱﺎـﻫ

ﻭ ﻩﺩﺮـﺸﻓ ﻲﺣﺍﻮﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻱﺎﻫﺎﻀﻓ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﻩﺪــﻧﺯ ﺎــﺑ ،ﺮﻬــﺷ ﻢﮐﺍﺮــﺘﻣ ﺖــﻓﺎﺑ ﻱﺯﺎــﺳ

ﻱﺎــﻫ

ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﺪﻗﺎﻓ ﻲﺿﺍﺭﺍ ﻞﻳﺪﺒﺗ ﻭ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻭ ﻲﺨﻳﺭﺎﺗ

ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻲﻠﻴﺼﻔﺗ ﻲــﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﻲـﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻩﺩﻭﺪــﺤﻣ ﮏــﻳ ﻩﮋــﻳﻭ ﻱﺎــﻫ

ﻪﭼﺭﺎﭙﮑﻳ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ

ﺖﺳﺮﻬﻓ ﻱﺎﻫﺎﻀﻓ ﻇﺎﻔﺣ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺖ ﻉﻮﻨﺼﻣ ﻢﻫ ﻭ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ

ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ٢ : ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ ﺎﻴﻧﺎﭙﺳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻠﺤﻣ ﻭ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ

ﻊﺒﻨﻣ ) : ﻩﺪﻧﺭﺎﮕﻧ ، ١٣٨٩ (

ﺡﺮﻃ ﺭﺩ ﺖﮐﺭﺎﺸﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻲﻠﺤﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺖﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻠﺤﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺖﮐﺭﺎﺸﻣ ﺭﺎـﮐ ﻪـﺑ ﻻﺎـﺑ ﻪـﺑ ﻦﻴﻳﺎـﭘ ﻭ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻻﺎﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻲﻣ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ

. ﺭﺎـﮐ ﮏـﻳ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻲﮕﻳﺎﺴﻤﻫ ﻱﺎﻫﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﺮـﻈﻧ ﻭ ﺪـﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺶـﻘﻧ ﮎﺮﺘـﺸﻣ ﻱﺮﺑ

ﻲﻣ ﻩﮊﻭﺮﭘ ﻭ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﻲـﻣ ﺭﺍﺮـﻗ ﺖﮐﺭﺎـﺸﻣ ﻭ ﻲﻫﺍﻮـﺧﺮﻈﻧ ﺩﺭﻮـﻣ ﻲﻠﺤﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺪـﻧﺮﻴﮔ .

ﻲﻣ ﺮﻳﺯ ﺡﺮﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻠﺤﻣ ﺡﺮﻃ ﮏﻳ ﺐﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﻞﺣﺍﺮﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

:

- ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮﻬﺷ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﺐﻳﻮﺼﺗ

- ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮﻬﺷ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺖﻗﻮﻣ ﺐﻳﻮﺼﺗ

- ﺭﺎﺘﺨﻣﺩﻮﺧ ﻊﻣﺍﻮﺟ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺐﻳﻮﺼﺗ )

،ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ٢٠٠٦

.(

(15)

۱۱۵

ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﻞﻜﺷ ٦

ﻊﺒﻨﻣ ) : ،ﺎﭘﻭﺭﺍ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻪﻜﺒﺷ ٢٠١٠

(

ﺖﺻﺮﻓ ﺮﻳﺯ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺭﺩ ﺡﺮﻃ ﻪﻴﻬﺗ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﺭﺩ ﻡﺩﺮﻣ ﺖﮐﺭﺎﺸﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﻲﻠﺤﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ .

ﺖﮐﺭﺎﺸﻣ ﻭ ﻩﺭﻭﺎﺸﻣ

ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻲﮔﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﺕﺎﺴﻠﺟ

ﻉﺎﻤﺘﺳﺍ ﻭ ﺽﺍﺮﺘﻋﺍ ﺖﺻﺮﻓ

ﺐﻴﺌﺼﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﺪﻴﻳﺎﺗ ﺎﻳ ﺡﺮﻃ

ﺡﺮﻃ ﻲﻧﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ

ﺲﻳﻮﻧﺶﻴﭘ ﺪﻴﻳﺎﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ

ﺡﺮﻃ ﻥﺪﺷ ﻲﻌﻄﻗ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ

ﺶﻴﭘ ﺡﺮﻃ ﺲﻳﻮﻧ

ﻲﻣ ﺖﮐﺭﺎﺸﻣ ﻡﺩﺮﻣ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ

.

ﺭﺩ ﻪﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﻩﺭﻭﺎﺸﻣ ﺖﺻﺮﻓ ﺶﻴﭘ ﻦﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺲﻳﻮﻧ

ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﻭ ﺡﺮﻃ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺎﻣ ﮏﻳ . ﺖﺻﺮﻓ ﻭ ﻩﺭﻭﺎﺸﻣ

ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺎﻣ ﮏﻳ ﺽﺍﺮﺘﻋﺍ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻪﮐ ﻲﺗﺭﻮﺻ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﻤﻋ ،ﺩﻮﺷ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﻱﺍ ﺕﺎﺴﻠﺟ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻦﻴﻣﻭﺩ

ﺰﮔﺮﺑ ﻩﺭﻭﺎﺸﻣ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺍ ﺩﻮﺷ . -

ﺵﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ ﺽﺍﺮﺘﻋﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﻳﺬﭙﻧﺎﮑﻣﺍ ﺭﺎﮐ .

ﺭﺩ ﻱﺭﺎﺒﺟﺍ ﻩﺭﻭﺎﺸﻣ

ﻩﮊﻭﺮﭘ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻪﺳ

ﻩﮊﻭﺮﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻲﺘﺧﺎﺳﺮﻳﺯ

ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ٣ : ﺖﺻﺮﻓ ﺡﺮﻃ ﻪﻴﻬﺗ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﺭﺩ ﻡﺩﺮﻣ ﺖﮐﺭﺎﺸﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﻠﺤﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ

ﻊﺒﻨﻣ ) : ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ،ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻚﻴﺋﺎﺘﻟﻭﻮﺘﻓ ﻱﺎﻫ ٢٠٠٦

(

(16)

١١٦ ﻦﻴﻣﺯﺮﺳ ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺁ

ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﻭ ﻒﻳﺎﻇﻭ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺎﻴﻧﺎﭙﺳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻠﺤﻣ ﺡﻮﻄﺳ

ﺶﻴﺑ ﻥﻮﺌﻟ ﻭ ﻞﻴﺘﺳﺎﮐ ﺭﺎﺘﺨﻣﺩﻮﺧ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺳ ﻭ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ

ﻴ ﻢﮐ ﺎﻨﻴﻠﻣ ﻭ ﺎﺗﻮ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮﻬﺷ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ

ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺍﺭﺍﺩ .

ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮﻬﺷ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺪﻳﺭﺩﺎﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ

١٧٩ ﺎﻴﺴﻨﻟﺍﻭ ﻭ ٥٤٢

ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻖﻃﺎـﻨﻣ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ

ﻲﻣ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺮﻳﺯ ﻡﺍﺮﮔﺎﻳﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

.

ﻞﻜﺷ ٧ : ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮﻬﺷ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻣﺍﻮﺟ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺎﻴﻧﺎﭙﺳﺍ ﺭﺎﺘﺨﻣﺩﻮﺧ ﻊ

ﻊﺒﻨﻣ ) : ،ﻲﺘﻟﻭﺩ ﻱﺎﻬﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺕﺭﺍﺯﻭ ٢٠٠٤

(

ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮﻬﺷ ﻱﺎﻫﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﻦﻴﻣﺄﺗ ﻪﺑ ،ﺩﻮﺧ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻒﻇﻮﻣ ﺎﻴﻧﺎﭙﺳﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺪﻧﺯﺍﺩﺮﭙﺑ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻥﺎﻨﮐﺎﺳ ﻲﺗﺎﻣﺪﺧ :

ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮﻬﺷ ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ − ﻊـﻤﺟ ،ﻥﺎﺘـﺳﺮﺒﻗ ،ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻲﻳﺎﻨﺷﻭﺭ ﻦﻴﻣﺄﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻒﻇﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ

،ﺏﻼـﺿﺎﻓ ﻱﺭﻭﺁ

ﻥﺎﺑﺎﻴﺧ ﻒﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﺏﺁ ﻦﻴﻣﺄﺗ ،ﺎﻫ

ﻊﻤﺟ ﻪﮑﺒﺷ ،ﺏﺮﺷ ﺶـﺷﻮﭘ ،ﻲﺳﺮﺘﺳﺩ ﻦﻴﻣﺄﺗ ،ﺏﻼﺿﺎﻓ ﻱﺭﻭﺁ

ﻩﺍﺭ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻲﻧﺪﻴﺷﻮﻧ ﻭ ﺍﺬﻏ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻭ ﺎﻫ .

ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮﻬﺷ − ﺯﺍ ﺶﻴﺑ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺎﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ

٥ ﮎﺭﺎـﭘ ﻦﻴﻣﺄـﺗ ﻪـﺑ ﻒـﻇﻮﻣ ﺮـﻔﻧ ﺭﺍﺰﻫ ،ﻲﻣﻮـﻤﻋ ﻱﺎـﻫ

ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺪﻳﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻭ ﻩﺎﮕﺷﻭﺮﻓ ،ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﮐ .

ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮﻬﺷ − ﺯﺍ ﺶﻴﺑ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺎﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ

٢٠ ﻗﺍ ،ﺖﻴﻨﻣﺍ ﻦﻴﻣﺄﺗ ﺮﻔﻧ ﺭﺍﺰﻫ ﺖـﻴﻨﻣﺍ ،ﻲﻋﺎـﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﺍﺪ

ﺶﺗﺁ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻩﺪﻬﻋ ﺮﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺍﺭ ﻲﺷﺯﺭﻭ ﺕﻼﻴﻬﺴﺗ ﻭ ﻱﺯﻮﺳ

.

ﺯﺍ ﺶﻴﺑ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺎﺑ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻬﺷ ﺭﺩ − ٥٠

ﻞـﻘﻧ ﻭ ﻞـﻤﺣ ،ﻩﺪـﺷ ﺮـﮐﺫ ﺩﺭﺍﻮـﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻩﻭﻼﻋ ﺮﻔﻧ ﺭﺍﺰﻫ

(17)

۱۱۷

ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮﻬﺷ ﻒﻳﺎﻇﻭ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻢﻫ ﺖﺴﻳﺯ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺖﻇﺎﻔﺣ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺮﻓﺎﺴﻣ ﺎﻫ

ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﺶﻴﺑ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ

ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮﻬﺷ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻦﻴﻣﺄﺗ ﻑﺮﺻ ﺎﻫ

ﻲﻣ ﺎﻫﻻﺎﮐ ﻭ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﺩﻮﺷ

) ﺹ ،ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ٣

( .

ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮﻬﺷ ﻲﻟﺎﻣ ﻦﻴﻣﺄﺗ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﺎﻫ

ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮﻬﺷ ﻲﻟﺎﻣ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻭﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫ

ﻲﻣ ﻦﻴﻣﺄﺗ ؛ﺩﻮﺷ ١ - ﻪـﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺢﻄـﺳ ﻲﻟﺎﻣ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ،ﻱﺍ

) ﻊـﻣﺍﻮﺟ

ﺭﺎﺘﺨﻣﺩﻮﺧ (

٢ - ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ .

ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻲﻣ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺡﻮﻄﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻭﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫ

ﺪﻨﺑﺎﻳ :

١ - ﺖﻣﻮﮑﺣ ﻲﻠﻣ ﻪﺘﻴﻤﮐ ﻱﺎﻫ

،ﻲﻠﺤﻣ

٢ - ﺲﻧﺍﺮﻔﻨﮐ ﻱﺭﺍﺰﮔﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ

) ﺖﻬﺟ ﻊﻤﺟ ﺡﻮﻄﺳ ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺚﺤﺑ ﻭ ﺕﺍﺮﻈﻧ ﻥﺩﻮﻤﻧ (

ﻟﺎﻣ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﺺﻴﺼﺨﺗ ﻩﻮﺤﻧ ﻲ

ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺮﻳﺯ ﺭﺍﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺡﻮﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫﺍﺭﻮﺷ ﻪﺑ .

ﺭﺩ

ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻭ ﻲﻠﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻭﺩ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻩﺭﺍﻮﻤﻫ ﺎﻴﻧﺎﭙﺳﺍ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻪﺘـﺷﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﻱﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺍ

.

ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ٢٠٠٨ ﻱﮊﻮﻟﻮﻨﮑﺗ ﻭ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﺕﺭﺍﺯﻭ ﻪـﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ

ﻭ ﻒﻳﺎـﻇﻭ ﻪـﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﻪـﮐ ﺩﺮـﮐ ﻪـﻴﻬﺗ ﻱﺍ

ﺖﻴﻟﻭﺆﺴﻣ ﻲـﻣ ﻥﺎﻴﺑ ﺢﺿﺍﻭ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻭﺩ ﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺩﺎـﺠﻳﺍ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺎـﻤﻫ ﺎـﻬﻧﺁ ﻦﻴـﺑ ﻭ ﺪـﻳﺎﻤﻧ

ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﮐ . ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻭ ﻲﻠﺤﻣ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﻲﻣ ﻝﺎﺒﻧﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺮﻳﺯ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﻱﺍ

ﺪﻳﺎﻤﻧ :

- ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﻝﺎﻐﺘﺷﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻱﺭﺍﺬﮔ

،

- ﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺖﮐﺭﺎﺸﻣ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻖﺒﻃ ﺮ

ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ

،

- ﻱﮊﻮﻟﻮﻨﮑﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻥﺩﺮﮐ ﻥﺭﺪﻣ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ

،

- ﻲﻠﺤﻣ ﺡﻮﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺖﮐﺭﺎﺸﻣ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻡﺩﺮﻣ ﻖﻳﻮﺸﺗ )

ﺕﺭﺍﺯﻭ ﻱﺎﻬﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻲﺘﻟﻭﺩ

،١

٢٠٠٤ ﺹ ، ٧ .(

ﻞﻜﺷ ٨ : ﻲﻟﺎﻣ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﺺﻴﺼﺨﺗ ﻩﻮﺤﻧ ﺎﻫﺍﺭﻮﺷ ﻪﺑ

1 . Ministerio De Administraciones Publicas, 2004:7