ﺗ ﺺﺼﺨ ﺎﻫﺮﻬﺷ
ﺭﺩ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻱ
ﻭ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻥﺁ ﺮﺑ ﺪﺷﺭ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻱ
ﺭﺩ ﺍ ﻳ ﻥﺍﺮ
ﺪﻨﻤﻫﺮﻓ ﻪﻓﻮﻜﺷ
ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺎﻳﺩﺎﺘﺳﺍ -
ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ
farahmand. shekoofeh@gmail. com ﺖﻓﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ :
23 / 8 / 89 ﺵﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ :
25 / 4 / 91
ﻩﺪﻴﻜﭼ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺩﺍ ﺭﺩ
، ﻭ ﻱﺮﻈﻧ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻲﺑﺮﺠﺗ
ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﺪـﺷﺭ ﺮـﺑ
ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﺖﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻩ ﺪﻧﺍ . ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﻱﺮﻈﻧ ﻲﻧﺎﺒﻣ ﻅﺎﺤﻟ ﻪﺑ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ
ﻝﺪﻣ ﺎـﻫ ﻦـﺳﺭﺪﻨﻫ ﻂـﺳﻮﺗ ﻪـﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ
) 1988 ، 1997 ﻭ 1999 ( ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻥﺎﻴﺑ ﺶﻴﺑ
ﺮﺗ ﻥﺁ ﻱﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻲﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ
ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻪـﺘﻓﺮﮔ .
ﻦﻳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﻝﺪﻣ
ﺎﻫ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﺪﺷﺭ ﺮﺑ ﺭﺍﺬﮔﺮﺛﺍ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ
، ﻲﻣ ﺐـﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﻪـﺑ ﻥﺍﻮـﺗ ﻭ ﻲـﻠﻣ ﺪـﻴﻟﻮﺗ
ﺪﺷﺭ ﺮﺑ ﻱﺭﻭﺎﻨﻓ ﺪﺷﺭ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻭ ﺺﺼﺨﺗ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ
ﺮﻛ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ ﺎﻫﺮﻬﺷ ﻱ ﺩ
. ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﺎﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ
ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﺒﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯ ﻱ
85 - 1365 ﻲﻣ ﺩﺯﺍﺩﺮﭘ .
ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ
ﻲﻠﻣ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺐﻴﻛﺮﺗ ،
ﻢﻴﺴﻘﺗ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺁ ﻲـﻣ
ﻢﻴـﻨﻛ ﻞﻣﺎـﺷ ﻪـﻛ
ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻫ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ؛ﻥﺎﻤﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻭ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ؛ﻥﺪﻌﻣ ﻭ ﻱﺯﺭﻭﺎﺸﻛ ﻱﺎ ،
ﺕﺎﻣﺪـﺧ ﻭ ؛ﻲﻣﻮـﻤﻋ ﻭ ﻲﺼﺨﺷ
ﻲﻣ ﺭﻮﺤﻣ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺩﻮﺷ
. ﺮـﺑ ﻭ ﺺﺨـﺸﻣ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﺺﺼﺨﺘﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻬﺷ ﺮﺧﺁ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻪﺳ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ
ﻭ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ
ﻱ ﻂـﺳﻮﺗ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﺡﺮـﻄﻣ ﻱﺎﻳﺎـﻀﻗ ﻥﻮـﻣﺯﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﺺﺼﺨﺘﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻬﺷ
ﻲﻣ ﻪﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻦﺳﺭﺪﻨﻫ ﺩﻮﺷ
. ﺮﻫ ﺮﺛﺍ ﺲﭙﺳ ﺺﺼﺨﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻚﻳ
ﻭ ﻥﻮـﻣﺯﺁ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﺪﺷﺭ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻮﺷ
ﺩ .
ﻩﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻱ
ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﺪﺷﺭ ﺮﺑ ﺺﺼﺨﺗ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ
ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﺺﺼﺨﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺭﻮﺤﻣ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻭ ﻲﺘﻌﻨﺻ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺮﻴﺛﺄـﺗ ﻩﺯﺍﺪـﻧﺍ ﻱ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﺮﻬـﺷ .
ﻪﭼﺮﻫ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻱ ﺎﻫﺮﻬﺷ گﺭﺰﺑ ﺮﺗ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ، ﻱﺮﻬـﺷ ﺪـﺷﺭ ﺮـﺑ ﺭﻮـﺤﻣ ﺕﺎـﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﺪـﺧ ﺭﺩ ﺺﺼﺨﺗ ﺮﺛﺍ
ﺶﻴﺑ ﺮﺗ ﺖﺳﺍ ، ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻬﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺍﺮﭼ گﺭﺰﺑ
ﺮﺗ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﻥﺎﻜﻣﺍ ﻪﻓﺮﺻ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ
ﻊﻤﺠﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺶﻴﺑ ﺮﺗ ﺖﺳﺍ .
ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ :JEL R11
ﻩژﺍﻭ ﺪﻴﻠﻛ :
ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﺪﺷﺭ ،
ﻲﺸﺨﺑ ﺺﺼﺨﺗ ،
ﻦﺳﺭﺪﻨﻫ ﻝﺪﻣ ،
ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ،
ﺕﺎـﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﺪـﺧ
ﻣ ﺭﻮﺤ .
1 - ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﻩﺪﻳﺪﭘ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮـﺸﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺩﺎـﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻴﺧﺍ ﻥﻭﺮﻗ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻤﻬﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺥﺭ ﻥﺎﻬﺟ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ،
ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻬـﺷ ﺭﻮﻬﻇ ﻥﻮﮔﺎـﻧﻮﮔ
ﻪﻌـﺳﻮﺗ ﻭ ﺪـﻳﺪﺟ ﻭ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻬـﺷ ﻱ
ﻦﻬﻛ ، ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻭ ﻲﻨﻴﺸﻧﺮﻬﺷ ﺖﻓﺮﺸﻴﭘ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﻱ
. ﻪـﺑ ﻮـﻃ ﻲـﻠﻛ ﺭ ، ﻲـﻣ ﻪـﺘﻔﮔ ﻪـﻛ ﺩﻮـﺷ
ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻭ ﻲﻨﻴﺸﻧﺮﻬﺷ ﺖﻓﺮﺸﻴﭘ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﻱ
ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻱ ﺩﺎـﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻲﻗﺮﺗ ﻭ ﻲﺘﻌﻨﺻ ﺏﻼﻘﻧﺍ ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ
ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮﺳ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻝﺎـﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮـﺸﻛ ﺭﺩ ﺲﭙـﺳ ﻭ ﻲـﺑﺮﻏ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮـﺸﻛ ﺭﺩ ﺖﺴﺨﻧ ﻪﻛ
ﺍﺪﻴﭘ ﻩﺍﺭ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﺮﻛ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩ .
ﺖﻳﺰﻣ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫﺮﻬﺷ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻳﻮـﺟ ﻪﻓﺮﺻ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻭ ﻱﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺱﺎـﻴﻘﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲـﺷﺎﻧ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﻞﻜﺷ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔ
ﺐﺒﺳ ﻲﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺎﺗ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﻩﺎـﮕﻨﺑ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺮـﻓﺍ ﻪﻛ ﻥﺁ ﻱﺎﺟ
ﺭﺩ ﺎـﻫ
ﻩﺪﻨﻛﺍﺮﭘ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻚﻳ ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻓﺍﺮﻐﺟ ﻱﺎﻀﻓ ﻝﻮﻃ ﻮـﺷ
ﺪﻧ ، ﺪـﻨﺑﺎﻳ ﻊـﻤﺠﺗ ﻢـﻫ ﺭﺎـﻨﻛ ﺭﺩ .
ﺱﺎـﻴﻘﻣ
گﺭﺰﺑ ﺮﺗ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺎﻫ ﺎﻫﺮﻬﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻱ ،
ﻬﺑ ﻩﺮ ﺶﻳﺍﺰـﻓﺍ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺭﺎـﻬﭼ ﻪـﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺭﻭ ﻲـﻣ
ﺪـﻫﺩ :
1 ( ﻩﺎﮕﻨﺑ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﻂﺑﺍﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻃﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺎﻫ
، ﻭ ﺫﺎﺨﺗﺍ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﻪﻛ ﻪﺑ
ﺭﺎﻛ ﺮـﻴﮔ ﻱﺭﻭﺁﻮـﻧ ﻱ ـﻳﺪﺟ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﺪ
ﺲﻜﻋ ﻭ ﻱﺭﻭﺎﻨﻓ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻭ ﻲﻠﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ
ﻲـﻣ ﻻﺎﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻠﻠﻤﻟﺍ ؛ﺩﺮـﺑ
2 ( ﻪﻓﺮﺻ ﻲﻳﻮﺟ ﻩﺎﮕﻨﺑ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺮﮔﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺭﺎﻛ ﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻞﻏﺎـﺸﻣ ﻝﺎـﺒﻧﺩ ﻪـﺑ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ
؛ﺪﻨﺗﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺻﺎﺧ ﺕﺎﺒﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﻭ ﺹﺎﺧ 3
( ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﺖﺻﺮﻓ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺶﻴﺑ ﺮﺗ ﻥﺪـﺷ ﻲـﺼﺼﺨﺗ ﻱﺍﺮـﺑ
ﻩﺎﮕﻨﺑ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺎﻫ ﻭ 4 ( ﻲﻳﻮﺟ ﻪﻓﺮﺻ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﻩﺩﺎﻬﻧ ﻱﺪـﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﻪﻄﺳﺍﻭ ﻲﻣﻮـﻤﻋ ﻱﺍ )
ﺕﻼﻴﻬـﺴﺗ ﺪـﻨﻧﺎﻣ ،
ﻱﺭﺍﺪـﻬﮕﻧ ﻭ ﺮـﻴﻤﻌﺗ ،
ﻭ ﺏﺁ ﺕﺎﻣﺪـﺧ ﻩﺮـﻴﻏ ﻭ ﻕﺮـﺑ
(
) ﻦﺳﺭﺪﻨﻫ ، 1988 .(
ـﻋ ﻪـﭼ ﻪـﻛ ﺖـﺷﺍﺩ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﺎﻫﺮﻬﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻌـﺳﻮﺗ ﺐـﺟﻮﻣ ﻲﻠﻣﺍﻮ
ﻱ
ﻲﻣ ﺎﻫﺮﻬﺷ ﻮﺷ
ﺩ . ﺗ ﻭ ﺮﻬـﺷ ﺩﺭﻮـﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻫﻭﮋـﭘ ﻪﺘﺒﻟﺍ ﻪﻌـﺳﻮ
ﺩﺎـﻌﺑﺍ ﻪـﺑ ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ ﺎـﺑ ﻱﺮﻬـﺷ ﻱ
ﻩﺩﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻱ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺭﺍﻮﺷﺩ ﻥﺁ ،
ﻂـﺑﺍﻭﺭ ﺍﺮـﻳﺯ ﻥﻮﮔﺎـﻧﻮﮔ
ﻩﺪـﻴﭽﻴﭘ ﻭ ﻱﺍﺮـﺑ ﻪـﻛ ﺪـﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮـﺟﻭ ﻱﺍ
ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺮﻈﻧﺪﻣ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻲﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛﺍ
ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻪﺒﻨﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻭ ﻲـﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻒـﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻧﻮـﺷ ﺪ .
ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻱ ﻳﻮـﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺖـﺴﻴﻧ ﻲﻗﺎـﻔﺗﺍ ﺮـﻣﺍ ﻚﻳ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ
ﺪـﻧﻭﺭ ﻝﺮـﺘﻨﻛ ﻲ
ﻩﺪﻨﻳﺁ ﻱ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ ﻖﻴﻗﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺯﺎﻴﻧ
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ . ﺮﻴـﺴﻣ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻡﺎﮔ ﻦﻴﻟﻭﺍ ،
ﻦـﻳﺍ ﻲﻳﺎـﺳﺎﻨﺷ
ﻪﺒﻨﺟ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻭ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﻥﺁ ﺮﺑ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻭ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
.
ﻢﻬﻣ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ
ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﺮﺑ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﻱ
، ﻪـﻛ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻲـﺸﺨﺑ ﺺﺼﺨﺗ ﻭ ﻲﻠﻣ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ
ﻲﻤﻛ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﺘﺒﻟﺍ )
ﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻱ
( ﺮـﺛﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻡﺎـﺠﻧﺍ
ﻪـﺘﻓﺮﮔ
ﺖﺳﺍ . ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ،
ﺩﺍﺪـﻌﺗ ﻱﺮﻳﺬـﭘﺮﺛﺍ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻑﺪﻫ ،
ﻭ ﻩﺯﺍﺪـﻧﺍ
ﺯﺍ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻬﺷ ﺪﺷﺭ ﺮﻈﻧ
ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﺺﺼﺨﺗ ﻭ ﻲﺘﻌﻨﺻ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ .
ﻲﻧﺎـﻜﻣ ﻭﺮـﻤﻠﻗ
ﻗ ﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺱﺮﺘـﺳﺩ ﻞـﺑﺎ
، ﻭﺮـﻤﻠﻗ
ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯ 85 - 1365 ﺖﺳﺍ . ﺖﺳﺩ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻳﺯ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻑﺪﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺑﺎﻳ
ﺩﻮﺑ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ :
ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻲـﺸﺨﺑ ﻚـﻴﻜﻔﺗ ﻪـﺑ ﻲـﻠﻣ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﻱ
ﻲـﻣ ﻒﻴـﺻﻮﺗ ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﻮـﺷ
.
ﻢﻴﺴﻘﺗ ﻴـﺴﻘﺗ ﺱﺎـﺳﺍ ﺮـﺑ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻲﺸﺨﺑ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﻢ
ﺪـﻨﺑ ﻲـﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﻬـﺷ ﺩﺎـﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻱ
ﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﺺﺼﺨﺗ ﻪﻣﺍﺩﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄ
ﻪﺑ ﻮﻃ ﺪﺷ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﺢﻳﺮﺸﺗ ﻞﻣﺎﻛﺭ .
ﺭﺩ
ﺪﻌﺑ ﺶﺨﺑ ،
ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻦﺳﺭﺪﻨﻫ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﻱ
)1
1988 ، 1997 ﻭ 1999 ( ﻪﺻﻼﺧ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ
ﻲﻣ ﻪﻳﺍﺭﺍ ﻮﺷ ﻪﺒﻨﺟ ﻭﺩ ﺮﻫ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺩ ﻱ
ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﻱ
، ﺪﺷﺭ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻲﻨﻌﻳ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ
ﻱ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ ﺎﻫﺮﻬﺷ ﻉﻮﻧ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻫﺮﻬﺷ .
ﺎﻫﺮﻬـﺷ ﻉﻮـﻧ ﺪـﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺺـﺼﺨﺗ ﺱﺎـﺳﺍﺮﺑ
ﻛ ﻲﻣ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻭ ﺎﻫﻻﺎ ﻮﺷ
ﺩ . ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻝﺪﻣ
ﺎﻫ ﺮـﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﺡﺮـﻄﻣ ﻱﺮﻈﻧ ﻱ
ﻢﻬﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻱژﻮﻟﻮﻨﻜﺗ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻭ ﻲﻠﻣ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺐﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ
ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﺩﺍﺪـﻌﺗ ﺪـﺷﺭ ﺮﺑ ﻩﺯﺍﺪـﻧﺍ
ﻱ
ﻲﻣ ﺎﻫﺮﻬﺷ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺍ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ
. ﻪﻴﻀﻗ ﺲﭙﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻝﺪﻣ ﺎﻫ ﻦﺳﺭﺪﻨﻫ ﻱﺮﻈﻧ ﻱ
ﻲﻣ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ
ﻢﻛ ﺮﺗ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻲﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺍ ﻥﺁ
ﺎﻫ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ .
ﺶـﺨﺑ 5
، ﻪـﺑ
ﺯﺍ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻦﻴﻤﺨﺗ ﻝﺪﻣ
ﺎﻫ ﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻱ ﻪ ﻱ ﺡﺮـﻄﻣ ﻞـﻣﺎﻋ ﻭﺩ ﺮـﺑ ﺪﻴﻛﺄﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ
ﻱﺮﻈﻧ ﻲﻧﺎﺒﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ )
ﻱژﻮﻟﻮﻨﻜﺗ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻭ ﺺﺼﺨﺗ (
ﻲﻣ ﺹﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﺪﺑﺎﻳ
. ﻭ ﻪـﺻﻼﺧ ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺭﺩ
ﻊﻤﺟ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﻪﻳﺍﺭﺍ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﻲﻣ
ﺷ ﻮ ﺩ .
2 - ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻠﻣ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺐﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻲﻠﻣ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺐﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻒـﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻲﻧﺎـﻣﺯ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺕﺎﻧﺎﺳﻮﻧ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ،
ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻪـﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻥﺁ ﻞﻳﻻﺩ ﻭ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺐﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ .
ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ،
ﻴﺴﻘﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻩﺎﮕﻧ ﻢ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﺷ
ﻮ ﻗﺍ ﻲﻧﺎـﺒﻣ ﺮـﺑ ﻲـﻨﺘﺒﻣ ﻪـﻛ ﺩ ﺩﺎـﺼﺘ
ﻲﻣ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
. ﻴﺴﻘﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻢ
ﺪﻨﺑ ﺪـﺷ ﺪـﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﻢﻴـﺴﻘﺗ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻪﺑ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻱ .
ﺶـﺨﺑ
ﻱﺯﺭﻭﺎﺸﻛ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻝﻭﺍ ،
ﻭ ﺭﺎﻜﺷ ﻞﮕﻨﺟ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻱ ، ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻥﺪـﻌﻣ ﺝﺍﺮﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﻭ ﺕﻼﻴﺷ .
ﻡﻭﺩ ﺶـﺨﺑ ،
ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﻤﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻭ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
. ﻡﻮﺳ ﺶﺨﺑ
، ﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔ ﻱ ﻊـﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ،
ﺧ ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺖﻟﻭﺩ ﻭ ﻲﺼﺨﺷ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻩﺪـﻨﻨﻛ ﺪـﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻪـﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺕﺎﻣﺪ
ﺕﺎﻣﺪـﺧ ﻭ2
ﻪﺘﻓﺮﺸﻴﭘ ﻱ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻑﺮﺼﻣ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﻡﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ3
ﻲـﻣ ﻱﺪـﻨﺑ ﺕﺎـﻴﺑﺩﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪـﻛ ﺪﻧﻮـﺷ
ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﻋ ﺎﺑ ﺭﻮﺤﻣ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻥﺍﻮﻨ ﻡﺎﻧ4
ﻲﻣ ﻱﺭﺍﺬﮔ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ
.
1- Henderson.
2- Producer services.
3- Advanced consumer services.
4- Information intensive services.
ﻡﻮﺳ ﺶﺨﺑ
، ﻞﻘﻧ ﻭ ﻞﻤﺣ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺍ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻲﺗﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ،
ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺭﺎﺒﻧﺍ ، ﻩﺪﻤﻋ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ
ﻲﺷﻭﺮﻓ ﻩﺩﺮﺧ ﻭ ﻲﺷﻭﺮﻓ ،
ﻌﺗ ﻪـﻴﻠﻘﻧ ﻞﻳﺎـﺳﻭ ﺮـﻴﻤ ﻱ
ﻲﮕﻧﺎـﺧ ﻭ ﻲـﺼﺨﺷ ﻭ ﻱﺭﻮـﺗﻮﻣ ،
ﻭ ﻞـﺘﻫ
ﻥﺍﺭﻮﺘﺳﺭ ، ﻲـﺼﺨﺷ ﺕﺎﻣﺪـﺧ ،
ﻭ ﻲﻣﻮـﻤﻋ ﺕﺎﻣﺪـﺧ ..
. ﺖـﺳﺍ . ﻩﺪـﻨﻨﻛ ﺪـﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺕﺎﻣﺪـﺧ ﺭﺩ ﻱ
ﺭﻮﺤﻣ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ،
ﻩﺩﺎﺘﺳ ﻱ ﻄﺳﺍﻭ ﻪ ﻱﺍ ﻲﻣ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﻪﻧ ﺩﻮﺷ
، ﻲﻟﺎـﻣ ﺕﺎﻣﺪـﺧ ﻉﺍﻮـﻧﺍ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ،
ﻪﻤﻴﺑ ، ﻱﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻭ ﻲﻜﻠﻣ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ،
ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺎﻫ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻭ ﺐﺴﻛ ﻱ ،
ﺪـﻣ ﻭ ﻲـﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻭ ﻲﺘﻳﺮﻳ
..
. ) ﻚﺒﻨﺘﺳﺍ ﻭ ﻞﻳﻮﻧ ،1
1984 ﺰﻠﭘ ﻭ ﻲﻓﺎﻛ ؛ ،2
1989
؛
3ﺯﺮﻴﺑ ، 1992 ، ﻥﺎﻧﺭﺩ ،4
1999 ( . ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ
ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﻪـﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮـﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﺮـﻛﺫ ﺩﺭﺍﻮـﻣ ﻞﻣﺎـﺷ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ .
ﻪﺘﻓﺮﺸﻴﭘ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻱ
ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻑﺮﺼﻣ ﻩﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔﺮﺑ
ﻱ ﻩﺪـﻨﻨﻛ ﻑﺮﺼﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺹﺎﺧ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ
ﻬﺑ ﻭ ﻲﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻫﺎﻓﺭ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻭ ﻲﺘﺷﺍﺪ
، ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﺤﻳﺮﻔﺗ ﻭ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ .
ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ
ﻈﺣﻼﻣ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻪ
ﻱﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻞﻏﺎـﺷ ﺭﺎـﻛ ﻱﻭﺮـﻴﻧ ﻭ ﺕﺎـﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﺘـﺳ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺎﻬﻧ ﺯﺍ
ﻥﺁ ﺎﻫ ﺩﺮﻛ ﻞﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﻭ ﺮﻫﺎﻣ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﻭﺮﻴﻧ ًﻻﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﻩ
ﺖﺳﺍ . ) ﻥﺎﻧﺭﺩ ، 1992 ﻭ 1999 ( .
ﻴﺴﻘﺗ ﻅﺎﺤﻟ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻳﺎﻨﺷﺁ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻢ
ﺪﻨﺑ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ ﻱ ﺶـﺨﺑ
، ﺭﺎـﻣﺁ
ﻩﺩﻭﺰﻓﺍ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ،
ﻝﻭﺪـﺟ ﺭﺩ ﺶـﺨﺑ ﺭﺎـﻬﭼ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻚﻴﻜﻔﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﺍﺮﺳ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻭ ﻝﺎﻐﺘﺷﺍ 1
ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﻳﺍﺭﺍ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻱ .
ﻱﺭﺎﻤﺷﺮﺳ ﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻪﻛ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ
10 ﺭﺩ ﻝﺎﻐﺘﺷﺍ ﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻭ ﻪﻟﺎﺳ ﻝﺎـﺳ
ﺎـﻫ ﻱ
ﺱﺮﺘﺳﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﺷﺮﺳ ﻲﻣ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ، ﻪﻳﺍﺭﺍ ﻪﻟﺎﺳ ﻩﺩ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ
. ﻪـﻛ ﻪـﻧﻮﮔ ﻥﺎﻤﻫ
ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺭﺩ 1
ﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻲﻣ ﻩ ﺩﻮﺷ ، ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ 1365 ﺶﻴـﺑ ﺮـﺗ ﺶـﺨﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻩﺩﻭﺰـﻓﺍ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻢﻬـﺳ ﻦﻳ
ﻡﻮﺳ ، ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ،
ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻭ ﻲﺼﺨﺷ ،
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ .
ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ 1375 ﺶـﺨﺑ ﺭﺎـﻬﭼ ﻢﻬـﺳ
ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﺘﻣ ًﺎﺘﺒﺴﻧ 1385
ﻩﺭﺎﺑﻭﺩ ﻡﻮﺳ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻢﻬﺳ ﺶﻴﺑ
ﺮﺗ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻦﻳ .
ﺭﺎـﻣﺁ
ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ
ﺭﺩ ﻱﺯﺭﻭﺎﺸﻛ ﻪﻫﺩ
ﻱ ﻪـﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻡﻭﺩ ﻪـﻫﺩ
ﻱ ﺕﺪـﺷ ﻪـﺑ ﻝﻭﺍ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ .
ﻭﺩ ﻝﻮﻃ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ﻪـﻫﺩ
ﻱ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻪﺘـﺷﺍﺩ ﻲﺘﺑﺎـﺛ ﺪـﺷﺭ .
ﺶـﺨﺑ ﺪـﺷﺭ
ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ،
ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻭ ﻲﺼﺨﺷ ﺰﻴﻧ
ـﻈﺣﻼﻣ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻪ
ﻱﺍ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻪﺘـﺷﺍﺩ .
ﺭﺩ ﻪـﻫﺩ ﻱ
75 - 1365
، ﺶﻴﺑ ﺮﺗ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺪﺷﺭ ﺥﺮﻧ ﻦﻳ ﻭ ﺭﻮـﺤﻣ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻭ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺩ ﺭ ﻪﻫﺩ ﻱ 85 - 1375 ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻡﻮﺳ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ .
ﺶﻴﺑ ﺮﺗ ﻪﻤﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻝﺎﻐﺘﺷﺍ ﻢﻬﺳ ﻦﻳ ﻱ
ﻝﺎـﺳ ﺎـﻫ ﻪـﺑ ﻁﻮـﺑﺮﻣ ﺐـﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪـﺑ ﻲـﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮـﻣ ﻱ
ﺶﺨﺑ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ ،
ﻪـﺑ ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ ﺎـﺑ ﻪـﻛ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﻤﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻭ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻭ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻭ ﻲﺼﺨﺷ
ﻲﻣ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻭﺩ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺖﻴﻫﺎﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
. ﻢـﻛ ﺮـﺗ ﺭﺎـﻛ ﻱﻭﺮـﻴﻧ ﻢﻬـﺳ ﻦﻳ
، ﺕﺎﻣﺪـﺧ ﺶـﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ
1- Noyelle & Stanback.
2- Coffey & Polese.
3- Beyers.
4- Drennan.
ﻮﺤﻣ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻲﻣ ﻞﻏﺎﺷ ﺭ
ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ . ﻩﺩﻭﺰـﻓﺍ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻢﻬـﺳ ﻪـﺑ ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺮﻣﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱ
ﺶـﺨﺑ ﻦـﻳﺍ
ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺁ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻱﺭﻭ ﻝﻭﺪـﺟ ﻡﻮـﺳ ﺖﻤـﺴﻗ ﺭﺎـﻣﺁ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ
1 ﺪـﻴﻳﺄﺗ ﺍﺭ ﺮـﻣﺍ ﻦـﻳﺍ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﻛ . ﻝﺎﺳ ﻪﺳ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ،
ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﻦﻳﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﺭﻮﺤﻣ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻱﺭﻭ
ﺶﺨﺑ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺁ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻣ ﻪﻈﺣﻼﻣ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺎﻫ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
ﻝﻭﺪﺟ 1 - ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﺺﻟﺎﺧﺎﻧ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺮﻬﺑ ﻭ ﻝﺎﻐﺘﺷﺍ ،
ﻩ ﺭﻭ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺐﺴﺣﺮﺑ ﻱ 85 ،
- 1365
1365 1375
ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ 1385
ﻪﻧﻻﺎﺳ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ 75 - 1365 ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ
ﻪﻧﻻﺎﺳ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ 85 -
1375 ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ
ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﺖﻤﻴﻗ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﺺﻟﺎﺧﺎﻧ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ 1376
) ﻝﺎﻳﺭ ﺩﺭﺎﻴﻠﻴﻣ (
ـــــﺸﻛ ،ﺭﺎﻜـــــﺷ ،ﻱﺯﺭﻭﺎ
ﻞﮕﻨﺟ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻥﺪﻌﻣ ﻭ ؛ﻱ 51084
6 / 26 82843 27
101000 3 / 19 8 / 4 9
/ 1
ﻥﺎﻤﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻭ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ 38918
2 / 20 72538 6
/ 23 134212 6 / 25 2 / 6 2 / 6
ﻭ ﻲﺼﺨﺷ ،ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ 64672
6 / 33 81766 7
/ 26 170544 6 / 32 3 / 2 3
/ 7
ﺭﻮﺤﻣ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ 37631
6 / 19 69596 7
/ 22 117961 5 / 22 1 / 6 3 / 5
ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﺺﻟﺎﺧﺎﻧ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻞﻛ 192305
100 306743 100
523717 100
7 / 4 4
/ 5
ﻞﻏﺎﺷ ﻱﻭﺮﻴﻧ )
ﺮﻔﻧ ﺭﺍﺰﻫ (
،ﺭﺎﻜـــــﺷ ،ﻱﺯﺭﻭﺎـــــﺸﻛ ﻞﮕﻨﺟ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻥﺪﻌﻣ ﻭ ؛ﻱ 3241
4 / 29 3477 9
/ 23 3839 8 / 18 7 / 0 0
/ 1
ﻥﺎﻤﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻭ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ 2759
0 / 25 4353 9
/ 29 6341 9 / 30 8 / 5 6
/ 4
ﻭ ﻲﺼﺨﺷ ،ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ 3734
8 / 33 4871 4
/ 33 7273 5 / 35 2 / 4 3
/ 5
ﺭﻮﺤﻣ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ 1302
8 / 11 11871 8
/ 12 3023 8 / 14 1 / 3 7
/ 4
ﻝﺎﻐﺘﺷﺍ ﻞﻛ 11036
100 14572 100
20476 100 4 / 3 0
/ 4
ﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﻭﺮﻴﻧ ﺮﻔﻧ ﺮﻫ ﻱﺍﺯﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﺍﺮﺳ ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﺺﻟﺎﺧﺎﻧ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ )
1000 ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﺖﻤﻴﻗ ﻪﺑ ﻝﺎﻳﺭ 1376
(
،ﺭﺎﻜـــــﺷ ،ﻱﺯﺭﻭﺎـــــﺸﻛ ﻞﮕﻨﺟ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻱ ﻥﺪﻌﻣ ﻭ ؛ 15762
23825 26309
1 / 5 0
/ 1
ﻥﺎﻤﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻭ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ 14107
16664 21165
8 / 1 7
/ 2
ﻭ ﻲﺼﺨﺷ ،ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ 17318
16787 23449
8 / 0 7
/ 2
ﺭﻮﺤﻣ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ 28902
37205 39019
4 / 0 - 6 / 1
ﻪﻧﺍﺮﺳ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻞﻛ 17425
21050 25577
9 / 1 2
/ 2
ﺬﺧﺄﻣ : ﺑ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺕﺎﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮ
، 85 - 1365 .
3 - ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻱﺮﻈﻧ ﻲﻧﺎﺒﻣ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﻱ
ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﻬــﺷ ﻢﺘــﺴﻴﺳ ﺩﻮــﺟﻭ ﺭﻮــﺼﺗ ﻱﺰــﻛﺮﻣ ﻥﺎــﻜﻣ ﻱﺭﻮــﺌﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻪــﺘﻓﺮﮔﺮﺑ ﺩﺎــﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻚــﻳ
) ﺮﻟﺎﺘﺴﻳﺮﻛ ،1
1966 ﻦﻤﻜﺑ ﻭ ؛ ،2
1958 ( ﻪﻳﺎﭘ ﺮﺑ ﻭ ﻱ ﺵﻮـﻟ ﻥﺎـﺷﻭﺮﻓ ﻩﺩﺮـﺧ ﻝﺪﻣ ﺏﻮﭼﺭﺎﭼ
3
) 1954 ( ﺖﺳﺍ . ﻝﺪﻣ ﺎﻫ ﺑ ﻲﺘﻨﺳ ﻱﺎﻫﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻱﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻥﺎﻜﻣ ﻱ ﺯﺭﻭﺎـﺸﻛ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺎ
ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﻛ ﻚﭼﻮﻛ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻬﺷ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺎﺘﺳﻭﺭ ﺭﺩ .
ﻦﻳﺍ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻝﺪﻣ
ﺎﻫ ، ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﺐﺗﺍﺮﻣ ﻪﻠﺴﻠﺳ
4
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻱﺎﻫﻮﮕﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫﺮﻬﺷ ﺯﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻱﺍ
ﻱﺎﻫ ﻚـﭼﻮﻛ ﺮـﺗ ﻭ
ﺎﻫﺎﺘﺳﻭﺭ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻲﻣ ﺩﺮﻴﮔ .
ﻫﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺩﺍ ﻪ
ﻱ 1960 ﺵﻼﺗ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﺮﻬﺷ ﺎﺗ
ﺭﺪﻣ ﺎـﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻲﺘﻌﻨـﺻ ﻥ
ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻝﺩﺎﻌﺗ ﻢﻴﻫﺎﻔﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻝﺪﻣ5
ﺯﺎﺳ ﻱ ﺪﻨﻛ . ﺎﻫﺮﻬﺷ ﺭﺩ ،
ﻩﺎﮕﻨﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪـﻛ ﻲﻳﺎـﻫ
ﺯﻮﺣ ﻚﻳ ﺭﺩ ﻢﻫ ﻲﻜﻳﺩﺰﻧ ﻩ
ﻱ ﻱﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﺠﺗ )
(CBD ﺪﻧﺮﻘﺘـﺴﻣ ﺮﻬﺷ ﺭﺩ 6
، ﻲـﻣ ﺭﺎـﻛ ﺪـﻨﻨﻛ
.
ﻑﺍﺮﻃﺍ ﻲﻧﻮﻜﺴﻣ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻞﺤﻣ ﻪﺑCBD
ﻲﻣ ﺪﻣﺁﻭ ﺖﻓﺭ ﻱﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻛ
ﺪﻨﻨ . ﺪـﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺭﺩ
ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﻫﻻﺎﻛ ﻲـﻣ ﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﺎﻫﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺎﻳ ﺎﻫﺮﻬﺷ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻚﻳ
ﺩﻮـﺷ ، ﻲﻳﻮـﺟ ﻪﻓﺮـﺻ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ .
ﻢﻫ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ، ﻊـﻤﺟ ﻢـﻫ ﺭﺎـﻨﻛ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﻲﺣﺍﻮﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻣﺩﺮﻣ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ، ﻲﻳﻮﺟ ﻪﻓﺮﺻ ﻡﺪﻋ
7ﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺪـﻣﺁ ﻭ ﺖـﻓﺭ ﻱﺎﻫ
، ﻪـﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﺮﺗﻻﺎـﺑ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﻦﻜﺴﻣ ، ﺖﻳﺎﻨﺟ ﻭ ﻡﺮﺟ ،
ﻲﮔﺩﻮﻟﺁ ، ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻩﺮﻴﻏ ﻭ .
ﺩ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻪـﻛ ﻱﺰـﻛﺮﻣ ﻚﺗ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻚﻳ ﺭ
ﻪﻤﻫ ًًﺎﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ ﻱ
ﻚﻳ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺪﻧﻭﺮﻬﺷ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺎﻛCBD
ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ، ﻢﻫ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﻩﺯﺍﺪـﻧﺍ ﺵﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﺎﺑ ﺮﻬـﺷ ﻱ
،
ﻥﺍﺪﻧﻭﺮﻬﺷ ﻪﺑ
ﻮﻃ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺭ ﻱ
ﺶﻴﺑ ﺮﺗ ﻭ ﺶﻴﺑ ﺮﺗ ﻲـﻣ ﻦﻛﺎﺳ ﺮﻬﺷ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻱ ﻭ ﺪﻧﻮـﺷ
ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﺪﻧﺭﻮﺒﺠﻣ ﺪﻣﺁ ﻭ ﺖﻓﺭ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺮﺗ ﻲﻧﻻﻮﻃ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻛ ﺪﻨﻨ . ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻥﺪﺷ گﺭﺰﺑ ﺎﺑ ﺮﻬـﺷ ﻱ
، ﻡﺪـﻋ
ﻪﻓﺮﺻ ﻲﻳﻮﺟ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺎﻫ ﺶﻴﺑ ﺮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻥﺁ
، ﻲﺜﻨﺧ ﺮﻛ ﺪـﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺱﺎـﻴﻘﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﻊﻓﺎﻨﻣ ﻥﺩ
ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻦﻳﺪﺑ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ،
ﻪﻓﺮﺻ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻲﻳﻮﺟ
ﻪﻓﺮﺻ ﻡﺪﻋ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﻲﻳﻮﺟ
ﺎﻫ ، ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻲﻟﺩﺎﻌﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ
8
ﻲﻣ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﺎﻫﺮﻬﺷ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺪﻨﻛ
)
9ﺰﻠﻴﻣ ، 1967 ﺖﻴﺴﻜﻳﺩ ﻭ ؛ ،10
1973 ( .
ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺎﻫﺮﻬﺷ ﻪﻛ ﻥﺁ ﺽﺮﻓ ﺎﺑ ﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ
ﻩ ﻥﺁ ﻱ ﺎﻫ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ
ﻱ ﺺﺨـﺸﻣ ﻲﻟﺩﺎﻌﺗ
ﻲﻣ ﺩﻮﺷ ، ﻦﻳﺍ ﻲﻣ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ ﻝﺍﻮﺌﺳ ﻮﺷ
ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺮﮕﻳﺪﻜﻳ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﮕﭼ ﺎﻫﺮﻬﺷ ﻪﻛ ﺩ ﻲـﻣ
ﺪـﻨﺑﺎﻳ . ﺭﻮـﺼﺗ
1- Christaller.
2- Beckmann.
3- Lösch.
4- Urban Hierarchy.
5- General Equilibrium.
6- Central Business District.
7- Diseconomies.
8- Equilibricum City Size.
9- Mills.
10- Dixit.
ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺎﻫﺮﻬﺷ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺁ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ،
ﺭﺩ ﺮﻬـﺷ ﻉﻮـﻧ ﺮﻫ ﻭ
ﻲـﻣ ﺍﺪـﻴﭘ ﺺـﺼﺨﺗ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻱﻻﺎﻛ ﻚﻳ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺪـﻨﻛ
) ﺪﻨﻫ ﻦـﺳﺭ ، 1974 ( . ﻝﺪـﻣ ﺭﺩ
ﻦﺳﺭﺪﻨﻫ )
1988 (،
ﻭ ﻪﻟﺩﺎﺒﻣ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻱﻻﺎﻛ ﻉﻮﻧk ﻪﻛ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻉﻮﻧk
ﺭﺩ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻉﻮﻧ ﺮﻫ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﺺﺼﺨﺗ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﻟﺩﺎﺒﻣ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻱﻻﺎﻛ ﺹﺎﺧ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻚﻳ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ .
ﻱﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻉﻮﻧ ﺮﻫ ﺯﺍ
ﻲﻣ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻲﻠﻣ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫﺮﻬﺷ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻭ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺪﺑﺎﻳ
. ﻟﻮﺗ ﻊﺑﺎـﺗ ﺪـﻴ
ﻪﻟﺩﺎﺒﻣ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻱﻻﺎﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺕﺭﺎﺒﻋX
ﺯﺍ :
) 1 ൌ ሺሻሺଵିሻ (
ﻪﻛ ﻩﺩﺎﺘﺳX ﻱ ﻪﻟﺩﺎﺒﻣ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ،
N0
ﻩﺩﺎﻬﻧ ﻱ ﺭﺎﻛ ، K0
ﻩﺩﺎﻬﻧ ﻱ ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮﺳ ﻱ ﺭﺩ ﻝﺎﻐﺘـﺷﺍ ﻞﻛN
ﺮﻬﺷ ، ﻭ ﻪﻓﺮﺻg(N) ﻪـﻟﺩﺎﺒﻣ ﻞـﺑﺎﻗ ﻱﻻﺎـﻛ ﺪـﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻠﺤﻣ ﻊﻴﻤﺠﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖـﺳﺍX
.
ﻱﻻﺎﻛ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻝﺎﻐﺘﺷﺍ ﻪﭼﺮﻫ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﺭﺩX
ﻞـﻤﻋ ﻲـﺼﺼﺨﺗ ﺕﺭﻮـﺻ ﻪـﺑ ﻥﺁ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﻛ ﺶﻴﺑ ﺮﺗ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ، ﻪﻓﺮﺻ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺮﻬﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺁ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻠﺤﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺶﻴﺑ
ﺮﺗ ﺩﻮﺑ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ .
ﻲﻣ ﺽﺮﻓ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﺷ
ǵ(N) ﺖﺳﺍ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ .
ﻱﻻﺎـﻛ ﻚـﻳ ﻪـﻟﺩﺎﺒﻣ ﻞـﺑﺎﻗ ﻱﻻﺎـﻛ ﺮﺑ ﻩﻭﻼﻋ ﺮﻬﺷ ﺮﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻪﻟﺩﺎﺒﻣ ﻞﺑﺎﻗﺮﻴﻏ ﺪﻨﻛ
. ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﻭ ﺢﻳﺮﺼﺗ ﺩﻮﺳ ﻭ ﺖﻴﺑﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﻊﺑﺍﻮﺗ ﺝﺍﺮﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﻝﺩﺎﻌﺗ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ . ﻩﺪﺷ ﺝﺍﺮﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﻲﻟﺩﺎﻌﺗ ﺕﻻﺩﺎﻌﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ ،
ﻪﻟﺩﺎﻌﻣ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻱ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻱ :
) 2 (
୨ൌ ൬ౠ
ౠ൰ Ȳ
ﻪﻛ Nj
ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻉﻮﻧ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻱ (j=1,2,…,k)j
Ψ ﻭ ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﺑ ﻙﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺍ ﻱﺍﺮ
ﻤﻫ ﻪ ﻱ ﻨﻫﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺮﻬﺷ ﺪ
ﻩ ﻱ ﺖﺧﺎﺳﺮﻳﺯ ﻭ ﻪﻟﺩﺎﺒﻣ ﻞﺑﺎﻗﺮﻴﻏ ﻱﻻﺎﻛ ﻤﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻪ ﻱ
ﻫﺮﻬﺷ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻥﺁ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻭ ﺮﻬﺷ ﺐﺴﺣﺮﺑ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺎ ﻲﻤﻧ
ﺪﺑﺎﻳ ) ﻦﺳﺭﺪﻨﻫ ، 1988 ، ﺹ . 41 ( . ﻖﺑﺎـﻄﻣ
ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﺎﺑ ﻱ
،ﻻﺎﺑ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻲـﻄﺧ ﻲﻌﺑﺎـﺗ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻱ
j/αj
ﺖـﺳﺍφ . φj
ﻥﺎـﺸﻧ ﻩﺪـﻨﻫﺩ ﻱ ﻩﺯﺍﺪـﻧﺍ ﻱ
ﻪﻓﺮﺻ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﻠﺤﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻭ ﻪﻟﺩﺎﺒﻣ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻱﻻﺎﻛ ﻦﻴﻣﺍj
αj
ﺑ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﻴ ﺭﺎـﻛ ﻱﻭﺮـﻴﻧ ﺕﺪـﺷ ﻊﺑﺎـﺗ ﺭﺩ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ .
ﻪﻓﺮﺻ ﻲﻠﺤﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺶﻴﺑ
،ﺮﺗ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻫﺮﻬﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ
گﺭﺰﺑ ﺮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﺪﻨﻛ ، ﻲﻨﻌﻳ
μȀ μɔ Ͳ ﺖﺳﺍ
. ﺭﺩ ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ﻝﺩﺎﻌﺗ
، ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﻴﺑﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﻔﺻ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻱ
.
ﻢﻫ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ، ﻝﺩﺎﻌﺗ ﺭﺩ
، ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﺮﻬﺷ ﺖﻔﺟ ﻭﺩ ﺮﻫ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﺖﻴﺑﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﻲﻣ
ﺷﺎﺑ ﺪ ، ﻳﺍ ﺮﻴﻏ ﺭﺩ ﻮـﺻ ﻦ ﺕﺭ
ﻲﻣ ﺕﺮﺟﺎﻬﻣ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﻭﺮﻴﻧ ﻨﻛ
ﺪ . ﻪﻓﺮﺻ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﺩﺰﻤﺘﺳﺩ ﻲـﻠﺤﻣ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﺶﻴـﺑ ﺮـﺗ ﻚـﻳ ﺭﺩ
ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﺎﺑ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻲﮔﺪـﻧﺯ ﺮﺗﻻﺎـﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ
) ﻦﻜـﺴﻣ ، ﻢﻛﺍﺮـﺗ ﻭ ﺪـﺷ ﻭ ﺖـﻓﺭ (
ﺪـﺷ ﺪـﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﻥﺍﺮـﺒﺟ .
ﺍﺪـﻴﭘ ﺺـﺼﺨﺗ ﻪﻟﺩﺎﺒﻣ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻱﻻﺎﻛ ﻚﻳ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻚﻳ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺪﻘﺘﻌﻣ ﻦﺳﺭﺪﻨﻫ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﻛ ، ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ گﺭﺰﺑ ﻱ ﺮﺗ ﺷﺍﺩ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﻱ ﺖ
. ﺯﺍ ﻥﺁ ﻲﻳﺎﺟ ﻪﻓﺮﺻ ﻪﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﻲﻠﺤﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻊﻳﺎﻨﺻ ﺖﺳﺍ
، ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻲﻟﺩﺎﻌﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ )
ﻱﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻭ ( ﻫﺮﻬﺷ ﺰـﻴﻧ ﺮﻬـﺷ ﻉﻮﻧ ﺐﺴﺣﺮﺑ ﺎ
ﻲﻣ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
) ﻦﺳﺭﺪﻨﻫ ، 1988 ، ﺹ . 225
1(.
ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﻛ ﺕﺪﺷ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ
، ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻲـﻣ ﺶﻫﺎـﻛ ﺍﺭ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻱ ﻲـﻨﻌﻳ ،ﺪـﻫﺩ
μȀ μȽ Ͳ ،
ﺍﺮﻳﺯ ﻧ ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﻲﻫﺩﺯﺎﺑ ﺮﻣﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻭ ﺩﺰﻤﺘﺳﺩ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺍﺭ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﻭﺮﻴ
ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻚﭼﻮﻛ
ﺮﺗ ﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻥﺪﺷ ﻩ
ﻱ ﻲـﻣ ﺮﻬـﺷ ﺩﻮـﺷ
. ـﻟﺩﺎﻌﻣ ﻪ ﻱ ﺩﺍﺪـﻌﺗ
ﻲﻣ ﺮﻳﺯ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫﺮﻬﺷ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺍ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
) ﻦﺳﺭﺪﻨﻫ ﻭ ﻚﻠﺑ ،
1999 :(
) 3
(
୫ౠ
୫భ ൌୟୟౠ
భ
ౠ
భۃౠ
భۄିୡ
ﻱﺎﺟ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻟﺩﺎﻌﻣ ﻱﺭﺍﺬﮔ ﻱ
) 2 ( ﻪﻟﺩﺎﻌﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻕﻮﻓ ﻱ
:
) 4
୫ౠ (
୫భ ൌୟୟౠ
భ
ౠ
భۃౠ
భ
భ
ౠۄିୡ
ﻉﻮﻧ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻬﺷ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗm ﻉﻮﻧ ﻭj
1 ، ﻭ ﻪﻟﺩﺎﺒﻣ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻱﻻﺎﻛ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﻑﺮﺼﻣ ﻢﻬﺳa ﺕﺪﺷα
ﻻﺎﻛ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﻭﺮﻴﻧ ،
) 1 α- ( ﻭ ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮﺳ ﺕﺪﺷ ﻪﻓﺮﺻφ
ﺎﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻲـﻠﺤﻣ ﻊﻴﻤﺠﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﻱ
ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﻪﻟﺩﺎﺒﻣ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻱﻻﺎﻛ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
.
ﻪﺿﺮﻋ ﻝﺩﺎﻌﺗ ﻁﺮﺷ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ -
ﺎﺿﺎﻘﺗ ) ﻪﻟﺩﺎﻌﻣ ﻱ ) 3 ((
، ﻦﺳﺭﺪﻨﻫ 3
ﺎـﺑ ﻁﺎـﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻴﻀﻗ
ﻲﻣ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ ﺎﻫﺮﻬﺷ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺪﻨﻛ
:
1 - ﻱﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻱﻻﺎﻛ ﻢﻬﺳ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺟﺩﻮﺑ ﺭﺩj
ﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻑﺮﺼﻣ ﻱ ൫୨Τ ൯ଵ ،൫୨Τ ൯ଵ ،
ﻣ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻲ
ﺪـﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺺـﺼﺨﺘﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻬﺷ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻢﻬﺳ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺎﺑ ﺲﻜﻋﺮﺑ ﻭ ﺪﺑﺎﻳ
ﻲﻣ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻻﺎﻛ ﻥﺁ ﺪﺑﺎﻳ
.
2 - ﻱﺭﺎـﺠﺗ ﻱﻻﺎـﻛ ﺪـﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎـﻛ ﻱﻭﺮـﻴﻧ ﺕﺪـﺷ ﺶﻫﺎـﻛ ﺎﺑ ،j
൫୨Τ ൯ଵ ،൫୨Τ ൯ଵ
ﻲﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺲﻜﻋﺮﺑ ﻭ ﺪﺑﺎﻳ
.
3 - ﻪﻓﺮﺻ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻠﺤﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
൫ɔ୨Τ ൯ɔଵ ،൫୨Τ ൯ଵ ، ﻛ
ﻲﻣ ﺶﻫﺎ ﺪﺑﺎﻳ
. ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻥﺎﻴﺑ ﻪﺑ ،
ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻬﺷ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﻱ
،j ൫୨Τ ൯ଵ ﻲﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ
ﺪﺑﺎﻳ .
4 - ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻬﺷ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﺖﻤﺴﻗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺁ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ
ﻢﻴﺴﻘﺗ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ
ﺶﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺮﻛﺫ ﻪﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺪﺷ ﻩ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻬـﺷ ﻱﺍﺮـﺑ ﻦـﺳﺭﺪﻨﻫ ﻱﺎﻳﺎـﻀﻗ ﺲﭙـﺳ ﻭ
ﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺮ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻱ ﻮﺷ
ﻪﻛ ﺩ ﻢﻛ ﺮﺗ ﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪ ﻱﺍ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻳﺎـﻀﻗ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﻲـﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺮﻈﻧﺪﻣ .
ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ،
ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺮﺸﺘﻨﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ
1 - ﺶﻴﺑ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺗ
ﺪـﻨﻤﻫﺮﻓ ﻪـﺑ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﺮﻈﻧ ﻲﻧﺎﺒﻣ ﻱ )
1386 ( ـﺴﻋ ،ﺪـﻨﻤﻫﺮﻓ ، ﻲﺘﻣﺎـﺳ ﻭ ﻱﺮﮕ
) 1387 ( ﺩﻮﺷ ﻪﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ .
ﻱﺭﺎﻤـﺷﺮﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺮـﻳﺍ ﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪـﺑ ﻁﻮـﺑﺮﻣ ﻦﻜـﺴﻣ ﻭ ﺱﻮـﻔﻧ ﻲﻣﻮـﻤﻋ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﻝﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ ﻱ 1365 ، 1375 ﻭ 1385 ﺖﺳﺍ . ﻥﺎﺘـﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﻚـﻴﻜﻔﺗ ﻪـﺑ ﻲـﻠﻣ ﺺﻟﺎﺧﺎﻧ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺭﺎﻣﺁ
ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ .
ﻨﺗ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﻦﻴﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻝﺎﻐﺘﺷﺍ ﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻬ
ﻮﺷ ﺩ . ﻴﺴﻘﺗ ﻢ ﺪـﻨﺑ ﻱ
ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻲﺸﺨﺑ ﺎﺟ
ﻴﺴﻘﺗ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻢ
ﺪﻨﺑ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻥﺎﻴﺑ ﻱ 2
ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ
ﻱﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﻪﺘﻜﻧ ﺪﻨﭼ ﺮﻛﺫ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻲﻣ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﺶﺨﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻥﺁ ﻝﻭﺍ ﻝﻭﺍ
) ـﺸﻛ ﻱﺯﺭﻭﺎ ، (...
ﺯﺍ ﻞـﻴﻠﺤﺗ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻑﺬﺣ ،
ﺖﺴﻴﻧ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﺺﺼﺨﺗ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺍﺮﭼ .
ﻪﻛ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻡﻭﺩ ﻦﻴﻣﺄﺗ
ﻕﺮـﺑ ، ﺏﺁ
ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻲﻨﻌﻳ ﻡﻮﺳ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺎﮔ ﻭ ،
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻅﺎﺤﻟ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻭ ﻲﺼﺨﺷ .
ﻢﻫ ﻦﻴـﻨﭼ
ﻩﺪﺷ ﻑﺬﺣ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻥﺎﻤﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺖﺳﺍ
، ﺍﺮﭼ ﺮﻬـﺷ ﻚـﻳ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻤﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻪﻛ
ﺶﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻥﺪﺷ ﻲﺼﺼﺨﺗ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺴﻴﻧ ﻥﺎﻤﺘﺧﺎﺳ
، ﺮﻬـﺷ ﺪـﺷﺭ ﺎـﺑ ﻩﺎﮔﺁﺩﻮﺧﺎﻧ ﻪﻜﻠﺑ ،
ﻥﺎﻤﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺯﺎﺳ
ﺖﻓﺎﻳ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﺵﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺮﻬﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻱ .
ﻑﺪـﻫ ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻈﻧ
،
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﺺﺼﺨﺗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ،
ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻤﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻲﻤﻧ
ﺩﻮﺷ . ﺶـﺨﺑ ﻭﺩ ﻒـﻳﺮﻌﺗ
ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ .
4 - 1 - ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺸﺨﺑ ﺺﺼﺨﺗ ﺮﺑ ﻱﺭﻭﺮﻣ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺶﺨﺑ ﻢﻬﺳ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ ﺎﻫﺮﻬﺷ ﺺﺼﺨﺗ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ًﻻﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﻒـﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﺮﻬــﺷ ﺪــﻣﺁﺭﺩ ﻞــﻛ ﺭﺩ )
ﻥﺎــﻧﺭﺩ ، 1999 ( ﺮﻬــﺷ ﻝﺎﻐﺘــﺷﺍ ﻞــﻛ ﺭﺩ ﺎــﻳ )
ﻦــﺳﺭﺪﻨﻫ ،
1997 (
ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻲﻣ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻱﺪـﻣﺁﺭﺩ ﺭﺎـﻣﺁ ﻪـﺑ ﻲﺳﺮﺘﺳﺩ ﻡﺪﻋ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﺷ
، ﻢﻬـﺳ
ﺮﻬﺷ ﻝﺎﻐﺘﺷﺍ ﻲﻣ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻱ
ﻮﺷ ﺩ . ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﻚﻳ ﻢﻬﺳ ﺮﮔﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻝﺩﺎﻌﻣ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻚﻳ
ﺶﻴﺑ ﺮـﺗ
ﻩﻭﻼﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺯﺍ
ﻤﻫ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻑﺍﺮﺤﻧﺍ ﻚﻳ ﻪ
ﻱ ﻥﺎﺘـﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ ﺎـﻫ
، ﻪـﺘﻔﮔ
ﻲﻣ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺺﺼﺨﺗ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻥﻼﻛ ﻥﺁ ﺩﻮﺷ
، ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﻲﻨﻌﻳ ﻩﻭﺮـﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺗﺭﻮﺻ ﺭﺩi
ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺭﺩ ﺺﺼﺨﺗ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻪﻘﺒﻃj ﺪﻨﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻱ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﺷ :
) 5 ቀౠቁ (
୧൫ഥ୨ ୨൯
ﻪﻛ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ Ej
ﺶﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻝﺎﻐﺘﺷﺍ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﺭﺩj
،i ﻥﺎﺘـﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻝﺎﻐﺘـﺷﺍ ﻞـﻛE ،i
ഥ୨
ﻩﺩﺎﺳ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻱ
ﺶﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻝﺎﻐﺘﺷﺍ ﻪﻤﻫ ﻱﺍﺮﺑj
ﻥﺎﺘـﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﻱ ﻭ ﺎـﻫ
SDj ﻥﺁ ﺭﺎـﻴﻌﻣ ﻑﺍﺮـﺤﻧﺍ
ﺖﺳﺍ . ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻀﻌﺑ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ ﻲـﺼﺼﺨﺗ ﻲـﺸﺨﺑ ﭻﻴـﻫ ﺭﺩ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻦـﻜﻤﻣ ﺎﻫ
ﻜﻧ ﻞﻤﻋ ﺩ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﻜﻤﻣ ﻲﻀﻌﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻨ ﻪـﻛ ﺪﻨـﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘـﺷﺍﺩ ﺺﺼﺨﺗ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺪﻨﭼ ﺭ
ﺶﻴـﺑ ﻦﻳﺮـﺗ
ﻪﺑ ﻢﻬﺳ ﺺﺼﺨﺗ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻥﺁ
ﺎﻫ ﻲﻣ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺷ
. ﻝﻭﺪﺟ 2
، ﺭﺎـﻴﻌﻣ ﻑﺍﺮـﺤﻧﺍ ﻭ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎـﻴﻣ
ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻅﺎﺤﻟ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻪﺳ ﻝﺎﺳ
ﺎﻫ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻱ ﺪﻫﺩ
. ﺶﺨﺑ ﻭ ﺖﻌﻨـﺻ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻭ ﺕﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻱﺎﻫﻻﺎﻛ ﺭﻮﺤﻣ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ،
ﻲﻣﻮـﻤﻋ ﻭ ﻲـﺼﺨﺷ
ﻲﻣ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺕﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺮﻴﻏ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺩﻮﺷ
) ﻥﺎﻧﺭﺩ ، 1999 ( .
ﻤﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻪ ﻱ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻢﻬﺳ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ،
ﺯﺍ ﺮﺗﻻﺎـﺑ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻭ ﻲﺼﺨﺷ 40
ﻭ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻢﻗﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ گﺭﺰـﺑ
ﺮـﺗ ﻲـﻣ ﺮـﮕﻳﺩ ﺶـﺨﺑ ﻭﺩ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎـﻴﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ
.
ﻦﺳﺭﺪﻨﻫ )
1988 ( ﻥﺎﻧﺭﺩ ﻭ ) 1999 (،
ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻢﻬﺳ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﻫﺩ
ﻪـﻟﺩﺎﺒﻣ ﻞـﺑﺎﻗﺮﻴﻏ
ﻦﻴﺑ ﻞﻳﺯﺮﺑ ﻭ ﺎﻜﻳﺮﻣﺁ ﺭﺩ 50
ﺎﺗ 60 ﻲﻣ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
. ﻢﻛ ﺮﺗ ﺖﻌﻨـﺻ ﺶـﺨﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻢﻬﺳ ﻦﻳ
ﺖﺳﺍ . ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﻪﭼﺮﮔﺍ ﺭﻮﺤﻣ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ
ﺭﺍﺩ ﻢﻬـﺳ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻱ
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﺶﺨﺑ
، ﺭﻮﺤﻣ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻟﻭ ﺶﻴﺑ
ﺮﺗ ﺖﺳﺍ .
ﻝﻭﺪﺟ 2 - ﻝﺎﻐﺘﺷﺍ ﻢﻬﺳ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺸﺨﺑ
ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ 85 ،
- 1365
ﻝﺎﺳ 13651
1375 1385
ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ 190
250 338
ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ
16 / 11
% 96 / 13
% 80 / 13
%
،ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ . . .
81 / 44
% 19 / 42
% 24 / 41
%
ﺭﻮﺤﻣ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ 84
/ 18
% 97 / 18
% 78 / 15
%
ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻑﺍﺮﺤﻧﺍ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ
21 / 7 76 / 8 80
/ 7
،ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ .
. . 02 / 9 88 / 8 25
/ 8
ﺭﻮﺤﻣ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ 15
/ 5 90 / 4 41
/ 4
ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ + ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻑﺍﺮﺤﻧﺍ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ
37 / 19
% 72 / 22
% 60 / 21
%
،ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ . . .
83 / 53
% 07 / 51
% 49 / 49
%
ﺭﻮﺤﻣ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ 99
/ 23
% 87 / 23
% 19 / 20
%
1 . ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﻦﻳﺮﻴﺷ ﺮﺼﻗ ﻱﺎﻫ ،
ﻥﻼﻴﮔ ﺏﺮﻏ ، ﺏﺎﻫﺫ ﻞﭘﺮﺳ ،
ﻪﺑ ﺮﻬﺸﻣﺮﺧ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺩﺎﺑﺁ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻑﺬﺣ ﻪﻨﻜﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺪﺷ ﻲﻟﺎﺧ ﻭ ﮓﻨﺟ
.
ﺬﺧﺄﻣ : ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ .
ﻪﺘﻜﻧ ﻱ ﻣ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﻥﺎﺴﻜﻳ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻫﺮﻬﺷ ﺺـﺼﺨﺗ ﻦﻴـﻴﻌﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﺭﻮ
ﺖـﺳﺎ .
ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻑﺍﺮﺤﻧﺍ ﻭ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﺒﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﺳ
ﺎﻫ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱ ،
ﻪـﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺮـﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ
ﺖﺳﺍ . ﻝﻭﺪﺟ 3
، ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﺺﺼﺨﺗ
ﻲـﻣ ﻥﺎـﺸﻧ ﺍﺭ ﺎـﻫ ﺪـﻫﺩ
. ﻪـﻤﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻱ
ﻝﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻤﻴﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺶﻴﺑ ﻞﻤﻋ ﻲﺼﺼﺨﺗﺮﻴﻏ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﺪﻧﺍ . ﻞﻏﺎﺷ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ
ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻝﻮﻃ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺘﻌﻨﺻ ﺺﺼﺨﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻬﺷﺭﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺁ ﻢﻬـﺳ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻱﺩﻮﻌﺻ ﺪﻧﻭﺭ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻱ
5 / 23 ﻪﺑ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 5
/ 33 ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ .
ﻢﻬـﺳ ﻭ ﻖـﻠﻄﻣ ﺩﺍﺪـﻌﺗ ﻥﻼﻏﺎـﺷ
ﺎﻫﺮﻬـﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻱ
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻡﻭﺩ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻲﺼﺼﺨﺗ ،
ﻧﻮﮔ ﻪﺑ ﻪ ﻱﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺁ ﻢﻬﺳ ﻪﻛ 33
ﻪـﺑ ﺪـﺻﺭﺩ 7
/ 9 ﺭﺩ ﺪـﺻﺭﺩ
ﻝﺎﺳ 1385 ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻴﺳﺭ .
ﺭﻮـﺤﻣ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺺﺼﺨﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻝﺎﻐﺘﺷﺍ ﻢﻬﺳ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻟﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻳﺍ
ﺯﺍ 9 / 3 ﻪﺑ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 8
/ 5 ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ .
ﻥﺁ ﻲـﺼﺼﺨﺗﺮﻴﻏ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻬـﺷ ﻢﻬـﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺰـﻴﻧ
4 / 40 ﻪﺑ 51 ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ .
ﻭﺪﺟ ﻝ 3 - ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺺﺼﺨﺗ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
.
ﻝﺎﺳ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ
،ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ...
ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﻞﻛ
ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ 1365
24 26 22 118 190
1375 41 35 33 141 250
1385 51 41 49 197 338
ﻞﻏﺎﺷ ﻱﻭﺮﻴﻧ ﻞﻛ )
ﺮﻔﻧ ﻥﻮﻴﻠﻴﻣ ( 1365
40 / 1 98 / 1 23 / 0 35 / 2 96 / 5
1375 25 / 2 72 / 2 37 / 0 30 / 3 64 / 8
1385 78 / 4 38 / 1 84 / 0 28 / 7 28 / 14
ﻞﻏﺎﺷ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻪﻧﺎﻴﻣ )
ﺮﻔﻧ ﺭﺍﺰﻫ ( 1365
2 / 34 9 / 9 2 / 7 6 / 9 2 / 10
1375 5 / 26 5 / 10 1 / 9 0 / 12 6 / 12
1385 1 / 30 7 / 13 2 / 11 2 / 12 7 / 13
ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻥﻼﻏﺎﺷ ﻲﻫﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺕﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﺎﺑ (%)
1365 1 / 5 4 / 5 6 / 8 4 / 5 7 / 5
1375 6 / 10 7 / 11 4 / 17 0 / 12 5 / 12
1385 6 / 15 4 / 17 6 / 26 1 / 18 8 / 18
ﺬﺧﺄﻣ : ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻦﻜﺴﻣ ﻭ ﺱﻮﻔﻧ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﺷﺮﺳ ﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ .
ﻪﺘﻜﻧ ﻱ ﻝﺎـﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻪـﻛ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺐﻟﺎﺟ 1365
ﺩﺍﺪـﻌﺗ ﻥﻼﻏﺎـﺷ ﻥﺎﺘـﺳﺮﻬﺷ
ﺎـﺑ ﺎـﻫ
ﺩﻭﺪﺣ ﻲﺘﻌﻨﺻ ﺺﺼﺨﺗ 7
ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﻩﺩﻮـﺑ ﺭﻮﺤﻣ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﺺﺼﺨﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ
، ﻪـﻛ
ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ 1385 ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ
7 / 5 ﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻩ . ﺖـﻘﻴﻘﺣ ﺭﺩ ،
ـﺳ ﺕﺎـﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﺪـﺧ ﻢﻬ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﺺﺼﺨﺗ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺭﻮﺤﻣ .
ﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪ ﻱﺍ ﻌـﺳﻮﺗ ﺪـﻧﻭﺭ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪ
ﻱ
ﻲـﻣ ﻥﺎـﺸﻧ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﻝﻮﻃ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﺪـﻫﺩ
. ﺪـﻳﺭ ﻭ ﻦﻴﭼﺍﻮـﻴﻫﺍ ﺕﺎـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ )1
1991 ( ، ﻮﻠﭘﺎـﻛ
2
) 1994 ( ﻥﺎﻧﺭﺩ ﻭ ) 1999 ( ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻦﻴﻤﻫ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺩ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺍ .
ﺮﻫ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ
ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻱ ﻥﺎﺘـﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﺺـﺼﺨﺗ ﺎـﺑ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﻲﺘﻌﻨﺻ گﺭﺰﺑ
ﺮﺗ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ، ﻪﺘﺳﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻡﻮﺳ ﻱ )
ﻪﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻱ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﺎﻫ
(
ﻲﻣ ﺪﻴﻳﺄﺗ ﺍﺭ ﺮﻣﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺪﻨﻛ
. ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻡﺎﻗﺭﺍ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ ،
ﻪﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻱ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﻦﻴـﺑ ﻲﺘﻌﻨﺻ ﻱﺎﻫ
2 ﺎﺗ 3 ﻪﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﻱ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻞﻛ .
ﻪﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻱ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺩ ﺮﮕﻳﺪـﻜﻳ ﻪﻴﺒـﺷ ﺮـﮕﻳﺩ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫ
ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮﺳ ﻱ ﻲﻧﺎـﺴﻧﺍ
، ﺪـﺻﺭﺩ ﺭﺎـﻣﺁ ﺯﺍ
ﻥﻼﻏﺎﺷ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻲﻫﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺕﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ .
ﻲـﻣ ﺭﺎـﻈﺘﻧﺍ ﻪـﻛ ﻪـﻧﻮﮔ ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ﺩﻭﺭ
ﺶﻴﺑ ﺮﺗ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻲﻫﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﮔﺩﺮﻛ ﻞﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻦﻳ ﺕﺎـﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺺﺼﺨﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﺤﻣ ﻲﻣ ﺭﻮ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﻪﻛ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ﺪﻫﺩ
، ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ 1385 ﻡﺭﺎـﻬﭼ ﻚـﻳ ﺮﺑ ﻎﻟﺎﺑ
ﻥﻼﻏﺎﺷ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻲﻫﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺕﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺎﻫ
ﻞـﺑﺎﻗ ﺪـﺻﺭﺩ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﻪـﻛ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ
1- ÓhUallacháin & Reid.
2- Capello.
ﻲﻣ ﻲﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
. ﻢﻛ ﺮﺗ ﺺـﺼﺨﺘﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻬـﺷ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺩ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻲﻫﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺕﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻦﻳ ،
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﺘﻌﻨﺻ ﺺﺼﺨﺗ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻬﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ .
4 - 2 - ﻪﻴﻀﻗ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻱ ﺎﻫﺮﻬﺷ
ﻝﻭﺍﺪﺟ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ 2
ﻭ 3
، ﻪﻴﻀﻗ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻡﻮـﺳ ﺶـﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻪـﻛ ﻦـﺳﺭﺪﻨﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻪ
، ﻲﻣ ﻪﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﺩﻮﺷ
. ﻪﺘﻜﻧ ﻱ ﻞـﻴﻟﺩ ﻪـﺑ ﻪـﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﻛﺫ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ
ﻥﺎﺘـﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﻚـﻴﻜﻔﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺪﻣﺁﺭﺩ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺳﺮﺘﺳﺩ ﻡﺪﻋ
، ﺮﺑ ﻥﺎـﻜﻣﺍ ﻲـﺳﺭ
ﻪﻴـﻀﻗ ﻱ ﻝﻭﺍ
ﻭﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻪﻴﻀﻗ
ﻱ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻲـﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻞـﺑﺎﻗ ﻝﺎﻐﺘـﺷﺍ ﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ،
ﺩﺭﻮـﻣ
ﻲﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺩﺮﻴﮔ
. ﻝﻭﺪﺟ 4
، ﺻﻼﺧ ﻪ ﻱﺍ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﻭ ﻖﻠﻄﻣ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺐﺴﺣﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺺﺼﺨﺗ ﺪﻫﺩ
. ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺖﻘﻴﻘﺣ ﺭﺩ
ﺖﺒﺴﻧ
୨Τଵ ،
ﻥﺎـﻜﻣ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻲﻨﻌﻳ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﻉﻮﻧ ﻥﺎﻜﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧj ﻉﻮﻧ ﻱﺎﻫ
1 ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﻜﻣ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ
ﻉﻮﻧ ﻱﺎﻫ 1
ﻪﺑ ﻮﻃ ﺭ
ﻲﻣ ﺽﺮﻓ ﻚﻳ ﻱﺩﺍﺩﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺩﻮﺷ
. ﻥﺎـﻜﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻝﻭﺪـﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻪـﻛ ﻲـﺼﺼﺨﺗﺮﻴﻏ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﺎـﺑ
ﻋ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﻳﺍﺭﺍ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﻥﺍﻮﻨ ،
ﻉﻮﻧ ﻥﺎﻜﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ 1
ﻲﻣ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺷ
.
ﻝﻭﺪﺟ 4 - ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﻭ ﻖﻠﻄﻣ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺎﻫ
ﺐﺴﺣﺮﺑ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﺺﺼﺨﺗ
ﻝﺎﺳ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ
،ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ . . . ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ
ﻖﻠﻄﻣ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ 1365
24 26
22 118
1375 41
35 33
141
1385 51
41 49
197
ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ 1365
203 / 0 224 / 0 186
/ 0
1375 291
/ 0 248 / 0 234 / 0
1385 259
/ 0 208 / 0 249 / 0
ﺬﺧﺄﻣ : ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻧ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﺷﺮﺳ ﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻦﻜﺴﻣ ﻭ ﺱﻮﻔ
.
ﻪﻴﻀﻗ ﻱ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﻴﺑ ﻡﻭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﻛ
ﻱﺭﺎـﺠﺗ ﻱﻻﺎـﻛ ﺪـﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﻭﺮﻴﻧ ﺕﺪﺷ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺎﺑ ،j
൫୨Τ ൯ଵ ،൫୨Τ ൯ଵ ﻲﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ
ﺲﻜﻋﺮﺑ ﻭ ﺪﺑﺎﻳ .
ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺎـﻛ ﻱﻭﺮﻴﻧ ﺕﺪﺷ ﺎﺑ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻲﻤﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ
، ﺍﺬﻟ ﻁﺎـﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺭﺎـﻛ ﻱﻭﺮـﻴﻧ ﺕﺪـﺷ ﺎـﺑ ﻪﻧﺍﺮـﺳ ﺪـﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻪـﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﺟ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ
ﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻢ ، ﻪﻴﻀﻗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻱ
ﻝﻭﺪـﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻪﻧﺍﺮﺳ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ 1
ﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪ ، ﻲﻣ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻮﺷ
ﺩ . ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻧﺍﺮﺳ
ﻱ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ൫୨Τ ൯ଵ
ﺶﻫﺎـﻛ ﻲـﻣ ﺪـﺑﺎﻳ .
ﻝﻭﺪﺟ 5 ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻪﻧﺍﺮﺳ ﻱ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺍﺭ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﺪﻫﺩ
.
