پژوهش های زباني

In the first step, 373 proverbs, randomly and based on Morgan's table, as a suitable statistical society, from the total population of 10,000 cases, were trained from the e-book "Ten thousand Persian proverbs and twenty five thousand equivalents" , the composition of Dr. 2 /Manifestation of the Concept of Iran in the Ilkhanid Era (According to the Historical Epics). Part of the proverbs referred to other concepts, except for the two above-mentioned concepts, such as speciesism, ecocentrism and environmental metaphors, which were used in the statistical section.

شهوپژ

ینابز‌یها

The role of language and science in exacerbating the environmental crisis: an ecolinguistics perspective, Journal of Language and linguistics. Finally, to avoid terminological and empirical confusion, I suggest that we avoid using the term "stem" altogether and speak only of root, morph, and allomorph. In this context, I will suggest that we avoid using the term "stem".

هنوگژاو عیزوت :کاتس یب کاتسیلعف یاه

رب فرص ۀیرظن ۀیاپ

یعیزوت

31 / 1399 ناتسمز و زییاپ ، 2 ۀرامش ، 11 لاس ، ینابز‌یها شهوپژ

47 / 1399 ناتسمز و زییاپ ، 2 ۀرامش ، 11 لاس ، ینابز‌یها شهوپژ

In this article we will discuss the process of grammaticalization of the two adverbs “engâr” and “engâri”. The main meaning of the verb seems to be 'consider', but in some contexts it also means 'count' and 'assume'. In spoken New Persian, “ē” at the end of the word is changed to “i” and the adverb “engâri” is used to show irrealis modality in comparisons and parables or to express doubt and uncertainty of the speaker .

یروتسد دنوریراگنا / راگنا یگدش

Apology or non-apology: An interface approach to the discourse analysis of official apologies in Iranian. This is because apology is one of the face-saving speech acts in which contextual and interpersonal factors, and the perspective of the speaker and the addressee play an important role in the speaker's preferred ways of apologizing. Second, clear prototypical apologies in public discourse are rare, so most of the cases studied are cases of non-apologies rather than apologies.

Also, one of the main presuppositions of this speech act is that the forgiver implicitly accepts responsibility for wrongdoing, and her reluctance to apologize explicitly in public and political discourse is a conscious or unconscious attempt to avoid consequences. negative of taking on responsibilities in these formal settings. In contrast to all these studies, Lakoff (2015) argues for taking an interdisciplinary approach in the study of this speech act. Each text includes an account of the speech event and the context in which the apology is offered by an apologist in political discourse.

It should be emphasized that due to the nature of the study and the need to address different aspects of the speech event at different levels in each case, in relation to the framework used (lakoff, 2015), only a random selection of data analyzed has been presented in the manuscript. The analysis of the data revealed that in any case it is by no means possible to achieve a comprehensive understanding of forgiveness made without taking an interdisciplinary stance. A variety of data and evidence at various levels were collected to help explain each of the official pardon events.

The results of the study show that, firstly, in the analysis of each speech event, different linguistic and paralinguistic factors should be taken into account and that an interdisciplinary approach therefore seems to be inevitable.

مدع ای یهاوخرذع:یهاوخرذع

Also, the reason for this gradation in the character of "GAH" was identified through another cognitive process called reification. In addition, according to what we obtained in the data analysis, the output of "GAH"'s connections was not out of 4 modes: location of the process, location of the effect of the process, location of an object/mass, and location of an object's effect/ direction/extension. Therefore, the study of the morpheme "GAH", which this article intends to analyze, is no exception to this rule.

In this study, we first extracted all words containing “GAH” from the two-volume Persian dictionary by Sadri Afshar et al. 2009) and then we classified them based on the theoretical framework of the study. The results showed that the concept of 'fundamentality' was recognized as TIME and the cognitive process by which this concept is transformed into 'SPACE' was identified as a new achievement in this study as 'Replacing the entirety of the basicity concept of a spectrum (open/closed) class by a component of an open-class side function.” Also, the cause of this gradation in the nature of “GAH” was identified through another cognitive process called Reification. Moreover, according to what we obtained in the data analysis, the outputs of the compounds of "GAH" were not outside the four modes: location of the process, location of the effect of the process, location of an object/mass, and location of an object's effect/direction/extension.

Since, according to the considerations of the theoretical framework, the grounding concept in "GAH" is TIME, logic dictates that it should lose this conceptual property. 34;GAH" and does not take on the color and smell of TIME, inevitably in one of the processes proposed in the theoretical framework, "GAH" must submit to this fundamental inner conceptual transformation before offering the final product. The concept of the basis in "GAH" from the point of view of independence in use is TIME.

The cognitive process involved in this transformation is a SHIFT of the following type, which was added to Talmy's semantic hypothesis as a new cognitive process in this research: "Replacing the entire principle of a spectrum (open/closed) class with a component of an open class lateral move.”.

ژاوکت یتخانش یسانشانعم

هاگ

زیتسو

ییانعم

The role of syntactic head and constituent position in the processing of root compound nouns: Evidence from humans with. This study examines the way in which head-initial and head-final root compound nouns composed of noun nouns are processed. Mann-Whitney U test showed that there was no significant difference between the naming errors of head-initial and head-final compound nouns as well as their repetition errors.

Also, the treatment of compound nouns is different from the head-final. Naming and reduplication processes of head-initial and head-final root compound nouns in Persian are also processed through the dual routes. They repeated 20 simple and 20 compound nouns (10 head and 10 head final) and named their pictures while confronting them.

Comparison of the average rank of error types in naming and repetition of compound nouns through Kruskal Wallis H. The study of errors in root compound nouns showed that the syntactic head played no role in the processing of head-initial and head-final nouns. Furthermore, error rates showed that naming processing in head-initial nouns was easier than head-final root compound nouns, while repetition of head-final nouns was processed more easily compared to head-initials.

The frequency and pattern of errors in first, second and both constituents of nouns showed that constituent position plays a role in the processing of stem compound nouns.

یلعفریغ بکرم یماسا شزادرپ رد هزاس هاگیاج و یوحن ۀتسه شقن نابز دارفا زا یدهاوش

اکورب شیرپ

The role of constituent frequency in compound words: evidence from Basque and Spanish. The current research aims to analyze the morphological typology of Persian based on the distributed morphology (DM) framework. According to DM's findings, the predominant tendency of the Persian morphological type is defined here on a two-dimensional map; a diagram by Aikhenvald (2007) from the conjugation typology of languages, which itself was defined based on the criteria proposed by Sapir.

Afterwards, the structure of the Persian language is investigated and analyzed from a DM approach based on the findings of this grammatical concept based on Sapir criteria and Greenberg's (1954) quantitative approach, using the two-dimensional Aikhenvald axis ( 2007). Then Persian words are examined in terms of the boundary transparency criteria in the vertical axis of Aikhenvald. Overall, 64% of the words are made by synthesizing and affixing words in the Persian language morphological system, while 27% of morpheme words belong to the type of isolating languages, in which there is a one-to-one correspondence between morphemes and words is.

Therefore, it can be accepted that the dominant tendency of the morphosyntactic type of Persian is towards the agglutinative language type according to the criteria of border transparency. Based on the findings obtained from distributed morphological typology, appropriate analysis and data were provided to determine the morphosyntactic structure of the Persian language. Contemporary Persian is more prone to the type of agglutinative languages in terms of the degree of internal word complexity than to the type of analytic languages in terms of the criteria of boundary transparency.

The morphological typology thus distributed places the dominant tendency of the morphological typology of the Persian language in the type of agglutinative-analytical languages.

یلیلحت ۀژاوتخاس پ

رب یسراف نابز یدنوییعیزوت فرص ۀیرظن ۀیاپ

In this study, the syllable structure in the Middle Kurdish (Sorani) language was phonologically investigated. In this investigation, the syllabic structure was compared with orthography-based views that believe in the syllabic structures of CGVCC, CCVC, and CCVCCC (based on frequency of occurrence in previous studies). Evidence of vowel changes in related and borrowed words, diachronic data, the use of phonological rules in the domain of syllables, the principle of sonority sequence and the selection of the most sonorous element as the nucleus of a syllable and consonants as onset and coda, together with acoustic cues for the presence of this vowel in the phonetic representation, explain the phonological syllable structure in Central Kurdish.

Accepting the presence of the vowel /I/ in the basic representation and the similarity between glides and other consonants as the second article of onset, the syllable structure in Central Kurdish, as in Standard Persian, is CV(C)(C). A branched view of syllable structure with a closer relationship between nucleus and coda (than rhyme) is emphasized. The syllable structure of Sorani Kurdish has been investigated phonetically, and in most studies the Kurdish writing system has been the main motivation for the syllable structure.

Therefore, some descriptions of syllable structure do not represent the actual nature of the phonological structure of syllables. This study is done in the field of structural phonology, in which the distribution of the syllable-initial phoneme was used to justify the structure of the syllable. The theoretical framework is derived phonology in which base representation (SR), surface representation (SR) and phonological rules are the main components for eliciting syllable structure in Sorani Kurdish.

Cliticization and affixation together with sonority sequence and syllable change are evidence that the vowel in UR is necessary to justify the phonotactic restriction of the Kurdish syllable structure to have an initial and.

یدرک نابز رد ییاجه تخاس یرگنزابیزکرم