ﺑﺎ اي اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪ ﻢﯿﻧ ﭽﻪ ﯾدر از رو و زﯾﺮ ﺎنﯾ ﺟﺮ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺧﺼﻮﺻ

(1)

ﯽﮑﯿﻟورﺪﯿﻫ تﺎﯿﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺮﺟ

ﯾ نﺎ ﺮﯾز و ور زا رد

ﯾ ﻪﭽ ﻧﯿ ﻢ ﻪﻧاﻮﺘﺳا يا ﺎﺑ

ﺶﺧﺮﭼ 180

ﻪﺟرد يﺰﮐﺮﻣ رﻮﺤﻣ لﻮﺣ يا

ﯽﻠﻋ غوﺮﻓ ﯽﻤﻨﺻ هداز

1

-*

نﺎﯾدﻮﻌﺴﻣ ﻦﺴﺤﻣ -2

ﯽﻌﻧﺎﺻ ﯽﺒﺘﺠﻣ

3

ﺖﻓﺎﯾرد ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ :

31 / 04 / 1393

شﺮﯾﺬﭘ ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ :

20 / 02 / 1394

هﺪﯿﮑﭼ

رد اﯾ ﻦ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻪﺑ ﺎﯾﺮﺟ ﯽﮑﯿﻟورﺪﯿﻫ تﺎﯿﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻢﯿﻧ ﻪﭽﯾرد ﺮﯾز و ور زا ن

ﻪﻧاﻮﺘﺳا ﺶﺧﺮﭼ ﺎﺑ يا 180

ﻪﺟرد يﺰﮐﺮﻣ رﻮﺤﻣ لﻮﺣ يا ،ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧادﺮﭘ

ﻮﺤﻧ ﻪﺑ ي دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﻈﻧ زا ﻪﮐ ﻣ هزﺎﺳ

ﯽ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ رﺮﺳ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺶﺧﺮﭼ ﻦﻤﺿ ﯾﺰ

رﺮﺳ و -ﯾﺰ رد ﯾ ﻪﭽ ﺎﻤﻧ ﻞﻤﻋ ﯾﺪ . ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ ﺎﻫ ﻟﺎﻧﺎﮐ رد ﯽ ـﻘﻓا ﯽ لﻮـﻃ ﻪـﺑ 8 و ﺮـﺘﻣ

ضﺮﻋ 282 /0 ﺮﺘﻣ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﻪﻟﻮﻟ

يﺎﻫ ﻄﻗ ﺎﺑPVC

ﺎﻫﺮ ي 70 ، 120 و 160 ﻣﯿﻠ ﯽ رد ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺘﻣ ﯾ

ﻪﭽ ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا . يﺎﯾاوز مﺎﻤﺗ رد داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ

ﯽﺑ ﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ و ،دوﺮﻓ دﺪﻋ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ نﺎﯾﺮﺟ ﺖﻓا و ﯽﺑد ﺐﯾﺮﺿ ،هزﺎﺳ يﺮﯿﮔراﺮﻗ ﺪﻌﺑ

)a/H

ﺖـﺳدﻻﺎﺑ بآ ﻖﻤﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻪﭽﯾرد ﯽﮔﺪﺷزﺎﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ (

ﺐـﯿﺗﺮﺗ ﻪـﺑ

ﯽﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ و ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا رﺎﭘ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ و ﺪﺑﺎﯾ

ﯽﺑ ﺮﺘﻣا ﺪﻌﺑ )H/P

ﻖﻤﻋ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ هزﺎﺳ ﺮﻄﻗ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳدﻻﺎﺑ بآ

( ﯽﺑد ﺐﯾﺮﺿ ، ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ راﺪﻘﻣ زا

74 /0 ﻪـﺑ 42 /1 ﺶﯾاﺰـﻓا

ﯽﻣ ﺪﺑﺎﯾ . ﺎﻘﻣ ﯾ ﻪﺴ ﺎﺘﻧ ﯾﺞ نﺎﺸﻧ داد ﻪﮐ ﻪﯾواز ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺑد ﺐﯾﺮﺿ راﺪﻘﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﮐ و ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ 90

ﯽﻣ ﻪﺟرد ﺮﻔﺻ ﻪﯾواز و ﻪﺟرد ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

.

يﺎﻫ هژاو يﺪﯿﻠﮐ : ژﺮﻧا ﺖﻓا ،نﺎﯾﺮﺟ ي هزﺎﺳ ﻧﯿ ﻢ ﻪﻧاﻮﺘﺳا ،يا رﺮﺳ -ﯾﺰ رد ﯾ ﻪﭽ ، ،ﯽﺑد ﺐﯾﺮﺿ ﻫ

ﮏﯿﻟورﺪﯿ نﺎﯾﺮﺟ

ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ

1 32

ﻪﺑ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻬﺑ ﯿ ﻪﻨ يزﺎﺳ فﺮﺼﻣ

،بآ ﺪﻣ ﯾﺮ ﯾ ﺖ و ﺖﻇﺎﻔﺣ زا ﻊﺑﺎـﻨﻣ

بآ لﺮـﺘﻨﮐيﺎﻫهزﺎﺳﺢﯿﺤﺻدﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋﺎﺘﺳارﻦاﯾردودرادﯽﯾاﺰﺳﻪﺑﺶﻘﻧ و- هزﺎـﺳنﺎ ـﯿﻣزا . ﯾﺪﺎﻤﻧﺎﻔاﯾاريﺮﺛﻮﻣﺶﻘﻧﺪﻧاﻮﺗﯽﻣنﺎﯾﺮﺟيﺮﯿﮔهزاﺪﻧا يﺎﻫ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ و هزاﺪﻧا ﯿﮔ ﺮ ي

، نﻮﭽﻤﻫ رﺮﺳ ﯾﺰ و رد ﯾ ﻪﭽ ﻪﺑ رﻮﻃ هﺪـﻤﻋ ﻪـﺑ -

ﺖﻠﻋ اراد ندﻮﺑ ﻂﺑاور هدﺎﺳ و َﺎﺘﺒـﺴﻧ ﻗد ـﯿ ﻖ رد هزاﺪـﻧا ـﯿﮔ ﺮ ي ﺮﺟ ـﯾ نﺎ

و يﺎـﻫ هزﺎـﺳﻦ ﯾﺮـﺗﯽ ﯾﻤ ﺪـﻗزاوﻪﺘﺷاديﺮﺘﺸﺑﯿدﺮﺑرﺎﮐبآﺢﻄﺳلﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻫﯿ ﻟورﺪ ﯿﮑ ﯽ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺖﺳد ﺮﺸﺑ ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻨـﺷﺎﺑ )3 و 12 .(

هراﻮـﻤﻫ بآ رﺎـﺟ

ي ﻪـﮐهدﻮﺑروﺎﻨﺷداﻮﻣوبﻮﺳرﻖﻠﻌﻣتارذيارادﺎﻫلﺎﻧﺎﮐ ﯿﺮﺴﻣردهﺪﺷ رد ﺖﺸﭘ ﺰﯾرﺮﺳ و يدورو ﻪﭽﯾرد ﻊﻤﺠﺗ اﺪﯿﭘ ﯽﻣ ﺪﻨﯾﺎﻤﻧ و ﻦﯾا ﺮﻣا هوﻼـﻋ

ﺶﻫﺎﮐﺮﺑ ﻢـﺠﺣ لﺎـﻧﺎﮐ رد هدوﺪـﺤﻣ هزﺎـﺳ ﺐﺒـﺳ ﯽﺗﻼﮑـﺸﻣ زا

ﻪـﻠﻤﺟ

يﺮﯿﮕﺑآ ﻦﯿﻣز يﺎﻫ فاﺮﻃا ﻪﺑ ﺖﻠﻋ ﺰﯾرﺮﺳ نﺪﺷ بآ زا ﻦﯿﺣﺎـﻨﺟ ،لﺎـﻧﺎﮐ

ﻪﺑ ﺮﻄﺧ ندﺎﺘﻓا يراﺪـﯾﺎﭘ هزﺎـﺳ و ﺶﻫﺎـﮐ ﺖـﻗد هزاﺪـﻧا يﺮـﯿﮔ نﺎـﯾﺮﺟ

ﯽﻣ دﻮﺷ . ﺎﺑ ﮐﺮﺗ ﯿ ﺐ رﺮﺳ ﯾﺰ و رد ﯾ ﻪﭽ ﻪﺑ ناﻮـﻨﻋ ـﯾ ﮏ هزﺎـﺳ ﻫ ـﯿ ﻟورﺪ ﯿﮑ ﯽ

1 و -2 ،بآ ﯽـﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ هوﺮـﮔ رﺎﯾدﺎﺘـﺳا و ﺪـﺷرا ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ ﻪﺘﺧﻮﻣآ ﺶﻧاد ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ

وﺎﺸﮐ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد يرﺎﺳ ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ و يزر

-*) لﻮﺌﺴﻣ هﺪﻨﺴﯾﻮﻧ :

Email: [email protected] (

-3 كﺎـﺧ ﺖﻇﺎﻔﺣ هﺪﮑﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ،يزروﺎﺸﮐ ﺞﯾوﺮﺗ و شزﻮﻣآ تﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ رﺎﯿﺸﻧاد

يرادﺰﯿﺨﺑآ و ناﺮﻬﺗ ، ﺪﺟ

ﯾﺪ ﻣ ﯽ ناﻮـﺗ ـﻀﻌﺑ ﯽ زا دوﺪـﺤﻣ ﯾ ﺖ يﺎـﻫ هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا ﻪـﻧﺎﮔاﺪﺟ نآ ﺎـﻫ

ار ﺖـﻟﺎﺣﻦ ا ـﯾرد ﻪـﮐي رﻮـﻃﻪﺑ .دﻮﻤﻧهدﺎﻔﺘﺳاﺎﻫنآيﯾﺎاﺰﻣزاوفﺮﻃﺮﺑ داﻮﻣ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻪﺗ ﯿﺸﻧ ﻦ نﺪﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺘﺣار ﯽ زا ﺖﻤﺴﻗ رد ﯾ ﻪﭽ جرﺎﺧ و داﻮﻣ روﺎﻨﺷ

ﻪﺑ ﻞﮑﺷ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ي زا ور ي رﺮﺳ ﯾﺰ ﻠﺨﺗ ﯿﻪ ـﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻧﻮـﺷ . رد هزﺎـﺳ ﯾ ﻪـﭽ ـﻧﯿ ﻢ -

ﻪﻧاﻮﺘﺳا يا ﻟد ﻪﺑ ،ﺰﮐﺮﻣ لﻮﺣ نارود رﻮﺤﻣ ﺎﺑ ﯿ

ﻞ ﻠﺑﺎﻗ ـﯿ ﺖ لﻮـﺣ ﺶﺧﺮـﭼ

ﺰﮐﺮﻣ

، ﺪﺒﺗ هدﺎﺳ هﻮﺤﻧ ﻪﺑ ﯾ

ﻞ هزﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ يﺎـﻫ رﺮـﺳ ﯾ

،ﺰ رﺮـﺳ - ﯾﺰ رد ﯾ ﻪـﭽ ﺎـﺑ

عﺎﻔﺗرا يﺎﻫ ﮔﺪﺷزﺎﺑ ﯽ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ) ﮔﺪﺷزﺎﺑ دﻮﺧ ﺶﺧﺮﭼ ﺎﺑ ﯽ

ﺮﻔـﺻ ﻪـﻨﻣاد رد

ﻟا ﯽ عﺎﻌﺷ ﺰﯾرﺮﺳ ﺣﺎﻧ رد ﯿﻪ رد ﯾ

،ﻪﭽ اﯾ دﺎﺠ ﻣ ﯽ ـﯾﺎﻤﻧ ﺪ ( ـﻣ ﯽ دﻮـﺷ . ـﻨﺤﻧا ﺎ

ي ﯽﯾ اﺰـﺴﺑ ﯿﺮﺛﺄﺗنﺎﯾﺮﺟ طﻮﻄﺧ رد ﺎﻨﺤﻧادﺎﺠاﯾﻞﯿﻟد ﻪﺑ ﺰﯾرﺮﺳ ﺶﻫﺎـﮐ رد

اﺰﻓا و ﺖﻓا ﯾ ﺶ ﺮﺿ ﯾ ﺐ ﺑد ﯽ د ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﯾ ﺮﮕ رﺮﺳ عاﻮﻧا - ﯾﺰ

رد ﯾ ﻪﭽ ﺎﻫ دراد

ا ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ هﻮﺤﻧ و ﯾ

ﻦ ﻣ ﺎﻨﺤﻧا ﯽ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ اﺰﻓا ﺐﺒﺳ ﯾ ﺶ ﯾﺎ ا ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﯾ ﻦ ﺮـﺛا

ددﺮﮔ ﺎﻫ. ﯾوﺎ ي و نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ )5 ( ﻪﺑ ﺳرﺮﺑ ﯽ هزﺎﺳ ﮐﺮﺗ ﯿ ـﺒ ﯽ رﺮـﺳ ﯾﺰ ـﺜﻠﺜﻣ ﯽ

وداد نﺎـﺸﻧ نﺎـﻧآتﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣزاﻞﺻﺎﺣﻪﺠﺘﻧﯿوﺪﻨﺘﺧادﺮﭘﯽﯿﻠﻄﺘﺴﻣﻪﭽﯾرد ﻪﮐ ﺎﺑ اﺰﻓا ﯾ ﺶ )P/H عﺎﻔﺗرا رﺮﺳ ﯾﺰ ﻪﺑ ﻖﻤﻋ بآ ﺖﺳدﻻﺎﺑ ( ﺮـﺿ ﯾ ﺐ ـﺑد

ﯽ ﺖﺒﺴﻧﻪﺑارﯽﺳﻮﻗﻪﭽﯾردﯽﺑدﺐﯾﺮﺿ(13) ﺮﻟﺰﻣ .ﺪﺑﺎﯾﯽﻣﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﻖﻤﻋ⁽^P/2⁾ لﺎـﻧﺎﮐ ﻒـﮐﺎﺗﻪﭽﯾردرﻮﺤﻣﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓﻪﺑ،⁽^H⁾ﻪﭽﯾردﺖﺳدﻻﺎﺑبآ ﻂﺑر داد و اﺮﺑ ي دﺎﻘﻣ ﯾﺮ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﮔﺪﺷزﺎﺑ ﯽ رد ﯾ ﻪﭽ و عﺎﻌﺷ رد ﯾ ﻪﭽ فاﺮﮔ -

يﺎﻫ دﺪﻌﺘﻣ ي ﻪﮐ ﺒﺷ ﯿﻪ ﻪﺑ طﻮﻄﺧ رﻮﺘﻧﺎﮐ ي ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ار ﻪﺋارا دﺮـﮐ . ﻪﺘـﺳر

ﻪﯾﺮﺸﻧ كﺎﺧ و بآ )

يزروﺎﺸﮐ ﻊﯾﺎﻨﺻ و مﻮﻠﻋ (

ﺪﻠﺟ 29 ، هرﺎﻤﺷ 6 ، ﻦﻤﻬﺑ ﺪﻨﻔﺳا– 1394

، ص . 1457 - 1447 Journal of Water and Soil

Vol. 29, No. 6, Jan.-Feb. 2016, p. 1447-1457

(2)

ﺎﮑﯾﺮﻣآ ﺶﺗرا ﻦﯿﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ )

15 ( ﻃ ﯽ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﯽﯾﺎـﻫ ﺮـﺿ ﯾ ﺐ ـﺑد ﯽ رد ﯾ

ﻪـﭽﻪ ـﯾوازو (^a) ﻪـﭽﯾردﯽ ﮔﺪـﺷزﺎﺑﺖﺒﺴﻧﻪﺑاردازآنﺎﯾﺮﺟﺖﻟﺎﺣردﯽﺳﻮﻗ ﻪﺒﻟ رد ﯾ ﻪﭽ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺧ ﻖﻓا ) (θ ﻂﺑر هداد ﺪﻧا و ﺘﻧﯿ ﻪـﺠ ار ﻪـﺑ ترﻮـﺻ ـﻓاﺮﮔ

ﯽنﺎ ـﯾﺮﺟﯽ ـﺑدﻦﯿﻤﺨﺗياﺮﺑﯽﻧﻮﯿﺳﺮﮔرﻪﻟدﺎﻌﻣ ( )1 ﺪﯿﻤﺤﻟا .ﺪﻧدﺮﮐﻪﺋارا زا16) داﮋﻧﺮﻔﺻ .دﻮﻤﻧﻪﺋاراﯽﺜﻠﺜﻣﻪﭽﯾردوهدﺮﺸﻓﯽﯿﻠﻄﺘﺴﻣ ﯾﺰرﺮﺳيور ( يرﺎ ـﯿﺑآ ﻪﮑﺒﺷ ردﯽﻋﺎﻄﻗﻪﭽﯾردﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ و ﺖـﺧادﺮﭘ سرﺎـﻓ نزدورد

اﺮﺑ ي ﻪﺑ ﺖـﺳد ندروآ ﯽـﺑد

، ﻪـﻄﺑار يا ﭘ ار ﯿ دﺎﻬﻨـﺸ دﻮـﻤﻧ . ﻮـﻠﻓ نﺎـﺟ

و زﺎـﺠﻣﯽ ﮔﺪـﺷزﺎﺑﺮﺜﮐاﺪﺣوﺐﯾﺮﺿياﺮﺑيرﻮﺌﺗتﻻدﺎﻌﻣ ( )6نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ رد ﯾ ﻪﭽ يﺎﻫ ﻋﺎﻄﻗ ار ﯽ ﺪﻧدﻮﻤﻧ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا .

نﺎﯾدﻮﻌﺴﻣ و نارﺎـﮑﻤﻫ )7 (

ﻪـﺑﯽﺑدﺮﺑراﺬﮔﺮﺛاﯽ ﯿﮑﻟروﺪﻫﯿوﯽﺳﺪﻨﻫيﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘﯽﻫﺎﮕﺸﯾﺎﻣزآﯽﺳرﺮﺑ رﻮﺒﻋ ي زا رد ﯾ ﻪﭽ ا ﻪﻧاﻮﺘﺳ يا ﺪﻨﺘﺧادﺮﭘ و ﺘﻧﯿ ﻪﺠ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ نﺎـﻧآ ﮐﺎـﺣ ﯽ

زا ﺖﺒﺴﻧ)^H/Pﺪﻌﺑنوﺪﺑيﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﯾﺮدﺎﻘﻣﺶﯾاﺰﻓاﺎﺑﻪﮐﺖﺳانآ ﻖﻤﻋ بآ ﻖﻤﻋﺖﺒﺴﻧ)^H/aو (هزﺎﺳ ﯾﺮﻮﺼﺗلﻮﻃﻪﺑﺖﺳدﻻﺎﺑبآ ﺖـﺳدﻻﺎﺑ

ﺑﻪ ﮔﺪﺷزﺎﺑ ﻪﭽﯾرد ﯽ ( ﺮﺿ ﯾ ﺐ ﺑد ﯽ رد اﺪﺘﺑا ﺎﺑ ﺷﯿ ﺒ ﯽ ﺪﻨﺗ زا 4/

0 ﻪـﺑ 9/

0

و ﺖ ـﯾﺎﻬﻧردو ﻪـﺘﻓﺎﯾﺶﯾ اﺰـﻓا /095 ﻪـﺑ09/ زاﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﺐﯿﺷ ﺎﺑﺲﭙﺳ ﻪـﺑ ﯾﺞﺎﺘﻧﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ﺪﯾﺎﻤﻧﯽﻣﻞﻣﯿ^Cd⁼1ﺖﺑﺎﺛراﺪﻘﻣ نﺎـﺸﻧ نﺎﻧآ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ

رد داد ﯾ ﮏ اﺰـﻓا ﺎـﺑ ،ﺖـﺑﺎﺛH/P ﯾ

ﺶ ﮔﺪـﺷزﺎﺑ ﯽ رد ﯾ ،ﻪـﭽ ﺮـﺿ ﯾ ﺐ ـﺑد

ﯽ ـﯾواز ﺮﯿﺛﺎـﺗﯽ ـﺳرﺮﺑ ﻪـﺑ (10) نارﺎـﮑﻤﻫ ونﺎﯾدﻮﻌﺴﻣ.ﺪﺑﺎﯾﯽﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﻪ ناﺰ ـﯿﻣ ﺮـﺑياﻪﻧاﻮﺘﺳاﻢﻧﯿﻪﭽﯾرد- ﯾﺰرﺮﺳﯽﯿﺒﮐﺮﺗ هزﺎﺳي ﯿﺮﮔراﺮﻗ ﺖـﻓا

ژﺮﻧا ي ﺮﺟ ﯾ نﺎ ﺎـﺘﻧ ،ﺪـﻨﺘﺧادﺮﭘ ﯾﺞ

ﻘﺤﺗ ـﯿ ﻖ هزﺎـﺳ رد ﻪـﮐ داد نﺎـﺸﻧ نﺎـﻧآ

ﮐﺮﺗ ﯿﺒ ﯽ رﺮﺳ -ﯾﺰ رد ﯾ ﻪﭽ ﻧﯿ ﻢ ﻪﻧاﻮﺘﺳا يا ﻌﻗﻮﻣ ﯿ ﺖ ﮔراﺮﻗ ﯿﺮ ي ﺎﻨﺤﻧا ي هزﺎﺳ

واز و ﯾﻪ ا ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ هزﺎﺳ ﺖﺨﺗ ﻪﺟو ﻖﻓ

ﻣ ﺮﺑ ـﯿ ناﺰ ژﺮـﻧا ﺖـﻓا ي ﺮﺟ ـﯾ

نﺎﯾ ﺮـﺘﻤﮐ وﻦﯾ ﺮﺘـﺸﺑﯿﺶﯾ ﺎـﻣزآ درﻮـﻣي ـﯾﺎاوز هدوﺪﺤﻣ رد و ﺖﺳا ﺮﺛﻮﻣ ﻦ.. ﺪـﻫدﯽ ـﻣ خر ﻪﺟرد180 و90يﯾﺎاوز ردﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑيژﺮﻧا ﺖﻓاناﺰﻣﯿ نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﻮﻟﺰﮔ هﺮﻗ )4

( و ﯽﺳﺪﻨﻫ يﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﯽﻫﺎﮕﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ

ﺰﯾﺮﺳ ﯽﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ هزﺎﺳ ﯽﺑد ﺐﯾﺮﺿ ﺮﺑ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ ﯽﮑﯿﻟورﺪﯿﻫ ﻪﻧاﻮﺘـﺳا ﻪﭽﯾرد-

يا ﻪﺘﺧادﺮﭘ ﻢﮐ يﺎﻫﯽﺑد رد ياﻪﻧاﻮﺘﺳا ﻢﯿﻧ و نﺎـﺸﻧ نﺎـﻧآ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ ،ﺪﻧا

ﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ داد ﯽﮔﺪـﺷزﺎﺑ ﻪـﺑ ﺖـﺳدﻻﺎﺑ بآ ﻖـﻤﻋ ﺖﺒـﺴﻧ ﺪـﻌﺑ نوﺪﺑ ي

ﻪﭽﯾرد ) (H/a هزﺎـﺳ عﺎﻔﺗرا ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳدﻻﺎﺑ بآ ﻖﻤﻋ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ و )

(H/P

يور ) ﯽﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ هزﺎﺳ عﻮﻧ ﻪﺳ ﺮﻫ ﯽﺑد ﺐﯾﺮﺿ

ﺎـﺑ ﻪﻧاﻮﺘـﺳا ﻢﯿـﻧ ،ﻞـﻣﺎﮐ ﻪﻧاﻮﺘﺳا

ﺖــﺳد ﻦﯿﯾﺎــﭘ رد ﺎــﻨﺤﻧا ﺎــﺑ ﻪﻧاﻮﺘــﺳا ﻢﯿﻧ،ﺖــﺳدﻻﺎﺑ رد ﺎــﻨﺤﻧا (

ﺪــﻧﺮﺛﻮﻣ

. ﺼﺧ ﯽـﺳرﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ( )9 نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و نﺎﯾدﻮﻌﺴﻣ زا ﯽـﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ نﺎـﯾﺮﺟ تﺎﯿـﺻﻮ

ﺰﯾرﺮﺳ - ﻢﯿﻧ ﻪﭽﯾرد ﻪﻧاﻮﺘﺳا ﻒـﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎـﯾاوز رد ﺖﺳدﻻﺎﺑ رد ﺎﻨﺤﻧا ﺎﺑ يا

و ﻖﻓا ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ يﺮﯿﮔراﺮﻗ )

ﺰﯾرﺮﺳ ﺶﺧﺮﭼ -

ﻪـﭽﯾرد ﻪـﺒﻟ لﻮﺣ ﻪﭽﯾرد

ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﯽﮔﺪﺷزﺎﺑ ﻪﮑﯾرﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ (

ياﺮـﺑ ﺪﻧﺪﯿﺳر ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ ﻦﯾا ﻪﺑ و ﻪﺘﺧادﺮﭘ

ﺪﻌﺑ ﯽﺑ يﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﺎﯾاوز مﺎﻤﺗ )H/P

ﻪـﺑ ﺖـﺳدﻻﺎﺑ بآ ﻖﻤﻋ

ﺰﯾرﺮﺳ ﺮﻄﻗ ( و )H/a ﻪـﭽﯾرد ﯽﮔﺪﺷزﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳدﻻﺎﺑ بآ ﻖﻤﻋ (

ﺐﯾﺮـﺿ

ﯽﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﯽﺑد ﮏﯾ رد و ﺪﺑﺎﯾ

ﺶﯾاﺰـﻓا ﺎـﺑ ﺎﯾاوز مﺎﻤﺗ ياﺮﺑ ،ﺖﺑﺎﺛ H/a

ﯽــﻣ ﺶﻫﺎــﮐ ﯽــﺑد ﺐﯾﺮــﺿ ﺮــﻄﻗ ﺪــﺑﺎﯾ

. دﻮﻌــﺴﻣ ﯾ نﺎ نارﺎــﮑﻤﻫ و )8

(

رد )^H/aﺪﻌﺑ ﺑﯽيﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﯿﺮﺛﺎﺗﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﯽﯿﻘﻘﺤﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳدﻻﺎﺑ بآ ﻖﻤﻋ

ﮔﺪﺷزﺎﺑ ﯽ رد ﯾ ﻪﭽ ( ، )H/P هزﺎـﺳ عﺎﻔﺗرا ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳدﻻﺎﺑ بآ ﻖﻤﻋ (

ﺪـﺻرد و قاﺮﻐﺘﺳا

HTW/H ) ﺎﭘ ﻖﻤﻋ ﯾ بﺎ ﺖـﺳدﻻﺎﺑ بآ ﻖﻤﻋ ﻪﺑ (

تﺎـﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﺮـﺑ

ﻫﯿ ﻟورﺪ ﯿﮑ ﯽ ﺮﺟ ﯾ نﺎ ﺪﻨﺘﺧادﺮﭘ . ﺎـﺘﻧ ﯾﺞ ﺎـﻣزآ ﯾ ﺶ يﺎـﻫ ﺎـﺸﻧ نﺎـﻧآ ن داد ﺎـﺑ

اﺰﻓا ﯾ ﺶ ﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ي ﺑﯽ ﺪﻌﺑ وH/a ﺮﺿ قﺮﻐﺘﺴﻣ ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ردH/P ﯾ

ﺐ ـﺑد

ﯽﯾﯽﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐﯽﺑدﺐﯾﺮﺿ قاﺮﻐﺘﺳا ﺪﺻردﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ وﺪﺑﯾﺎﯽﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺪﺑﺎ-ﯽﻣ عوﺮﺷ %60 قاﺮﻐﺘﺳا زاﯽﺑدﺐﯾﺮﺿ ﺮﺑ قاﺮﻐﺘﺳا ﯿﺮﺛﺎﺗ ﻪﮐيرﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ دﻮﺷ . ﯽﯾﺎﯿﺿ ﺮﻓ ) 19 ( ﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘ رد ﻪﺑ

ﯽـﺑد ﺐﯾﺮـﺿ ﯽﻫﺎﮕﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ

ﺰﯾرﺮﺳ ﻢﯿﻧ ﻪﭽﯾرد- ﻪﻧاﻮﺘﺳا و يﺮﯿﮔراﺮﻗ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﯾاوز رد يا ﯽﮔﺪـﺷزﺎﺑ

ﻪﭽﯾرد ﺖﺑﺎﺛ دازآ نﺎﯾﺮﺟ رد

ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ . ﺐﯾﺮﺿ داد نﺎﺸﻧ نآ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ

ﺰﯾرﺮﺳ ﯽﺑد ﻢﯿـﻧ ﻪﭽﯾرد-

ﻪﻧاﻮﺘـﺳا ﯽـﺑ ﺮﺘﻣارﺎـﭘ ﺶﯾاﺰـﻓا ﺎـﺑ يا ﺪـﻌﺑ

H/a

ﯽﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا يﺎـﯾاوز رد ﯽـﺑد ﺐﯾﺮـﺿ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﮐ و ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ و ﺪﺑﺎﯾ

330

و ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ﺪﻫدﯽﻣ خر ﻪﺟرد90 ﮏـﯾ رد داد نﺎﺸﻧ نﺎﺸﯾا

ﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ يﺎﯾاوز ياﺮﺑ ،ﺖﺑﺎﺛH/a هزﺎﺳ ﯽﺑد ﺐﯾﺮﺿ ،ﺮﻄﻗ ﺶﯾا

ﯽﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺪﺑﺎﯾ . ﻢﯿﻧ يﺎﻨﺤﻧا يﺮﯿﮔراﺮﻗ ﻪﯾاوز ﺮﺑ هوﻼﻋ ﯽﺗرﺎﺒﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧاﻮﺘﺳا

ﯽﻣ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ ﯽﺑد ﺐﯾﺮﺿ ﺮﺑ ﺰﯿﻧ هزﺎﺳ ﺮﻄﻗ ،ﻖﻓا ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

.دﯾ يﺎـﻫ ﺶﻫوﮋـﭘ ﺞﯾﺎـﺘﻧ ﺎـﺑ ﺮـﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ ﺮـﮕ

درﻮـﻣ رد

ﺰﯾرﺮﺳ ﯽﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﭽﯾرد- ﺐﯾﺮﺿ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ درﻮﻣ رد ﯽﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ نﻮﻨﮐﺎﺗ ﺪﻫد

ﯽﺑد ﺰﯾرﺮﺳ ﯽﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ لﺪﻣ ﻪﻧاﻮﺘـﺳا ﻢﯿﻧ ﻪﭽﯾرد-

ﺮـﯿﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﯽﮔﺪـﺷزﺎﺑ ﺎـﺑ يا

اﺬﻟ ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮕﻧ مﺎﺠﻧا ،ﻪﭽﯾرد ا رد

ﯾ ﻦ ﻘﺤﺗ ﯿ ﻖ ﯽـﺳرﺮﺑ ﻪـﺑ يﺎـﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ

ﺮﺑ راﺬﮔﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﻧ هزﺎﺳ

ﯿﻢ ﻪﻧاﻮﺘﺳا يا ﻪﮐ ﯽﻣﺎﮕﻨﻫ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ

ﯾ ﮏ رد ﯾ ﻪﭽ

ﻞﻤﻋ .ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧادﺮﭘ،ﺪﯿﯾﺎﻤﻧﯽﻣ

داﻮﻣ و شور ﺎﻫ

يدﺎﻌﺑا ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ ﻋ نﺎـﯾﺮﺟ ﺮﺑ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﻢﯿـﻧ ﻪـﭽﯾرد ﺰﯾرﺮـﺳ زا يرﻮـﺒ

ﻪﻧاﻮﺘـﺳا

يا :زا ﺪﻨﺗرﺎﺒﻋ

)1 ( نآ رد ﻪﮐ : :H ،هزﺎﺳ ﺖﺳدﻻﺎﺑ رد بآ ﻖﻤﻋ Hw

هزﺎـﺳ يﻻﺎﺑ بآ عﺎﻔﺗرا:

ﯽﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ

، :P ،هزﺎﺳ ﺮﯾﻮﺼﺗ لﻮﻃ :V

،ﺖـﺳدﻻﺎﺑ رد نﺎـﯾﺮﺟ ﺖﻋﺮـﺳ :D

،هزﺎﺳ ﺮﻄﻗ :

،ﯽﮔدﺮﺸﻓ هزاﺪﻧا :g

،ﻞﻘﺛ بﺎﺘﺷ :

،ﯽﺤﻄـﺳ ﺶﺸﮐ :

،ﯽﮑﯿﻣﺎﻨﯾد ﺖﺟوﺰﻟ :

،لﺎﯿـﺳ صﻮـﺼﺨﻣ مﺮـﺟ :

،مﻮـﻠﻓ ﺐﯿـﺷ :

،مﻮﻠﻓ ضﺮﻋ :

،ﻪـﭽﯾرد ﯽﮔﺪﺷزﺎﺑ ناﺰﯿﻣ :

،هزﺎـﺳ يﺮـﯿﮔراﺮﻗ ﻪـﯾواز

: ، بﺎﯾﺎﭘ ﻖﻤﻋ :

ﯽﺑد ﺐﯾﺮﺿ ،

: يژﺮﻧا ﺖﻓا .

هوﺮﮔ يدﺎﻌﺑا ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﻪـﻄﺑار ﻖﺑﺎـﻄﻣ ،ﺪـﻌﺑ نوﺪـﺑ يﺎـﻫ

)2

( .ﺪﻧاهﺪﻣآ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ

)2 ( ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ زا ﺮﻈﻧ فﺮﺻ ﺎﺑ ،

و ،ﯽﮔدﺮـﺸﻓ دﻮـﺟو مﺪـﻋ ،ﻞﯾﻻد ﻪﺑ

(3)

ﯽﮑﯿﻟورﺪﯿﻫ تﺎﯿﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺮﺟ

ﯾ نﺎ ﺮﯾز و ور زا رد ﯾ ﻪﭽ ﻧﯿ ﻢ ﻪﻧاﻮﺘﺳا يا

1449 ...

ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ ندﻮﺑ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ و

ﯽـﻣ ﻪـﺻﻼﺧ ﺮـﯾز ترﻮـﺻ ﻪﺑ قﻮﻓ ﻪﻄﺑار -

ددﺮﮔ .

)3 (

ﯽﻫﺎﮕﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ تاﺰﯿﻬﺠﺗ ﺎﻣزآ ﯾ ﺶ ﺎﻫ ﯽﺿﺮﻋ ﻊﻄﻘﻣ ﺎﺑ ﯽﻟﺎﻧﺎﮐ رد ﻄﺘﺴﻣ

ﯿﻠ ﯽ و ﻘﻓا ﯽ ﻪﺑ لﻮـﻃ

8 ﺖﻣﺎﺨـﺿ ﻪﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﻫهراﻮﯾد ،ﺮﺘﻣ03/ عﺎﻔﺗرا وﺮﺘﻣ /0282ضﺮﻋ ،ﺮﺘﻣ 10 ﯾﺎﻣزآرد ﻊـﻗاو ﺐﻠـﺻ و فﺎـﺻ ﺮﺘﺴﺑ رد ﻪﺸﯿﺷ ﺲﻨﺟ زا ﺮﺘﻣﯽﻠﯿﻣ هﺎﮕـﺸ

هﺪﮑﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﺖﻇﺎﻔﺣ

كﺎﺧ و ﺨﺑآ ﯿ رادﺰ ي مﺎﺠﻧا ﺪﺷ . ،ﻪﺘـﺴﺑ ﻞﮑﯿﺳ رد بآ

ﻞﮑﺷ رد هﺪﺷ هداد نﺎﺸﻧ ياﺰﺟا ﻞﻣﺎﺷ )1

( ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ يرﺎﺟ .

ﺮـﻄﻗ ﻪـﺳ ﺎـﺑ ﯽـﺳ يو ﯽﭘ ﺎﻫﺰﯾرﺮﺳ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ 70

، 120

و. ﺪـﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا يا ﻪﻧاﻮﺘـﺳا ﻢﯿـﻧ هزﺎـﺳ لﺪﻣ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ياﺮﺑ ،ﺮﺘﻣﯽﻠﯿﻣ160 ﺎﻣزآ ﯾ ﺶ ﺎـﻫ ور ي لﺪـﻣ ـﻧﯿ ﻢ ﻪﻧاﻮﺘـﺳا يا ﺖـﻟﺎﺣ ود رد ﺎـﻨﺤﻧا

ﻪـﺑ ﺖﻤـﺳ

ﺖﺳدﻻﺎﺑ ﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘ ﺖﻤﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻨﺤﻧا و ﺖﺳد

اﺮﺑ ي اوز ﯾﺎ ي ﺮﻔﺻ ﺎﺗ 90 ﻪﺟرد

ﺎﺑ 27-2 ﯽﺑد هدوﺪﺤﻣ رد ،(هزﺎﺳ عﺎﻌﺷ ﺎﺗ ﺮﻔﺻ زا) ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﯽﮔﺪﺷزﺎﺑ ﺮـﺑ ﺮﺘﯿﻟ

هدوﺪﺤﻣ ،ﻪﯿﻧﺎﺛ هدوﺪـﺤﻣ لﺎـﻧﺎﮐ ضﺮـﻋ ﻪﺑ هزﺎﺳ عﺎﻔﺗرا ﺖﺒﺴﻧ

57 /0

<

<D/B 25 /0 ﺑ بآ نﺎﯾﺮﺟ ﻖﻤﻋ و ﯽﺑد ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ تﺎﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ و رد ﺖﺳدﻻﺎ

دوﺮﻓ داﺪﻋا هدوﺪﺤﻣ و دازآ نﺎﯾﺮﺟ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ 55

/0

<

<Fr 012 /0 دﺪﻋ و

زﺪﻟﻮﻨﯾر 500000

<

<Re 25000 ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا . نﺎـﯾﺮﺟ ،ﺮﮕﯾد ترﺎﺒﻋ ﻪﺑ

ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ ﻪﺘﻔﺷآ و ﯽﻧاﺮﺤﺑﺮﯾز يدورو .

ﻞﮑﺷ -1 ﯽﻔﯿﺻﻮﺗ يﺎﻤﺷ هﺎﮕﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ مﻮﻠﻓ

يرادﺰﯿﺨﺑآ و كﺎﺧ ﺖﻇﺎﻔﺣ هﺪﮑﺸﻫوﮋﭘ

Figure 1- A plan of flume (SCWMRI)

ﻞﮑﺷ 2 - ﺮﯾﻮﺼﺗ هﺎﮕﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ مﻮﻠﻓ يرادﺰﯿﺨﺑآ و كﺎﺧ ﺖﻇﺎﻔﺣ هﺪﮑﺸﻫوﮋﭘ

Figure 2- A Photo of flume laboratory (SCWMRI)

(4)

مارآ تﺎﺤﻔﺻ زا ،لﺎﻧﺎﮐ ﻪﺑ يدورو نﺎﯾﺮﺟ ﻢﻃﻼﺗ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ياﺮﺑ هﺪﻨﻨﮐ

ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﮏﺒﺸﻣ يرﻮﺗ و .

ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ رد ﺰﯾرﺮﺳ 4

اﺪﺘﺑا زا يﺮﺘﻣ لﺎـﻧﺎﮐ ي

ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ﺐﺼﻧ .

ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ رد ﻞﻗاﺪﺣ ﺮﻄﻗ ﺮﻫ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ يﺎﻫ 6

ترﻮـﺻ ﯽﺑد

هزاﺪـﻧا ﺖـﻬﺟ ﯽﺜﻠﺜﻣ ﺰﯾرﺮﺳ يور بآ عﺎﻔﺗرا ﯽﺑد ﺮﻫ رد و ﺖﻓﺮﮔ يﺮـﯿﮔ

،يدورو ﯽﺑد ﻖﻤﻋ

بآ رد ﺖﺳدﻻﺎﺑ هزﺎﺳ ) ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ رد 5 بآ عﺎـﻔﺗرا ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ

ﺰﯾرﺮﺳ يور (

بﺎﯾﺎﭘ ﻖﻤﻋ و ﻂﺳﻮﺗ

ﻖﻤﻋ ﺞﻨﺳ ﺎﺑ ﺖﻗد 1/

0 ﯽـﻠﯿﻣ± ﺮـﺘﻣ

ﺖﺷادﺮﺑ ﺪﺷ . ﻞﮑـﺷ رد )3 ( ﻢﯿـﻧ لﺪـﻣ ﯽﻔﯿـﺻﻮﺗ يﺎﻤـﺷ ﻪﻧاﻮﺘـﺳا

ار يا

ﯽﻣ ﺶﯾﺎﻤﻧ ﺪﻫد .

ﺮﺿ دروآﺮﺑ ﺐﯾ

ﺑد ﯽ ﺮﺟ

ﻪـﻄﺑار ترﻮـﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻪﭽﯾرد ﯽﺑد دروآﺮﺑ ﯽﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻪﻄﺑار نﺎﯾ )4

( ﯽـﻣ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ

) 12 .(

)4 ( لﻮــﻣﺮﻓ ﻦــﯾا رد

: ،ﻪــﭽﯾرد ﺮــﯾز زا يرﻮــﺒﻋ ﯽــﺑد :

ﺐﯾﺮــﺿ

،ﻪﭽﯾرد يرﺬﮕﺑآ :

ﻪـﭽﯾرد ﯽﮔﺪـﺷزﺎﺑ ناﺰـﯿﻣ :

،لﺎـﻧﺎﮐ ضﺮـﻋ :

ﻪﭽﯾرد ﺖﺳدﻻﺎﺑ رد نﺎﯾﺮﺟ ﻖﻤﻋ و

ﺖﺳا ﻞﻘﺛ بﺎﺘﺷ: .

سﺎﺑ )2 ( ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد يﺎﻫﺰﯾرﺮﺳ درﻮﻣ رد ﻪﮐ يا ﻪﻟﻮﻟ

ﻪﺑ داد مﺎﺠﻧا يا

ﻪﻟﻮﻟ يﺎﻫﺰﯾرﺮﺳ ﯽﺑد لﻮﻣﺮﻓ ﻪﮐ ﺪﯿﺳر ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ ﻦﯾا ﻪـﻄﺑار ﻖﺑﺎـﻄﻣ يا

)5

( .ﺪﺷﺎﺑﯽﻣ

)5 ( نآ رد ﻪﮐ :

ﻪﻧاﻮﺘـﺳا ﺰﯾرﺮـﺳ زا يرﻮﺒﻋ ﯽﺑد ،يا

: بآ عﺎـﻔﺗرا

و ﺰﯾرﺮﺳ يور ﺖـﺳا ﺰﯾرﺮـﺳ يرﺬﮕﺑآ ﺐﯾﺮﺿ

. ﺐﯾﺮـﺿ ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎـﻨﺑ

ﻪﻄﺑار زا ﯽﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ هزﺎﺳ ﯽﺑد )6

( ﯽﻣ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ﺪﯾآ .

ﻞﮑﺷ 3 - ﻊﻄﻘﻣ ﺰﯾرﺮﺳ ﻪﭽﯾرد ﻢﯿﻧ ﻪﻧاﻮﺘﺳا يا رد ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ﺎﻨﺤﻧا ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳدﻻﺎﺑ و ﺎﻨﺤﻧا ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳد ﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘ

Figure 3- Section of the semi-cylindrical wire-gate in the upstream curve and downstream curve

(5)

)6 (

نآ رد ﻪﮐ ﯽﻣ ﯽﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ هزﺎﺳ زا يرﻮﺒﻋ ﯽﺑد

ﺪﺷﺎﺑ )5 .(

ﻪﭽﯾرد يژﺮﻧا ﺖﻓا دروآﺮﺑ ﻊﻄﻘﻣ ود ﻦﯿﺑ يژﺮﻧا ﻪﻟدﺎﻌﻣ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ

ﻪﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﺮﯾز ﻣ ﯽ دﻮﺷ .

)7 (

قﻮﻓ ﻪﻄﺑار رد :

ﻊـﻄﻘﻣ رد بآ ﻖﻤﻋ 1

) ﺮـﺘﻣ ( ، : رد بآ ﺖﻋﺮـﺳ

ﻊﻄﻘﻣ 1 ) ﻪﯿﻧﺎﺛ ﺮﺑ ﺮﺘﻣ (،

: رد بآ ﻖﻤﻋ ﻊﻄﻘﻣ

2 ) ﺮﺘﻣ ( ، : ﺖﻋﺮـﺳ

ﻊﻄﻘﻣ رد بآ 2

) ﻪﯿﻧﺎﺛ ﺮﺑ ﺮﺘﻣ ( ،

: ﻊﻄﻘﻣ ﻦﯿﺑ عﺎﻔﺗرا فﻼﺘﺧا 1

و 2 و

ﺖﯾﺎﻬﻧ رد :

ﻊﻄﻘﻣ ﻦﯿﺑ يژﺮﻧا ﺖﻓا 1

و 2 ﺖﺳا . ﺮـﺿﺎﺣ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ رد

ﯽﻫﺎﮕـﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ لﺎـﻧﺎﮐ ندﻮـﺑ ﯽـﻘﻓا ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺖـﺳا ﺮﻔـﺻ ﺮـﺑاﺮﺑ

.

لوﺪـﺟ رد ﯽﺳﺪﻨﻫ و ﯽﮑﯿﻟورﺪﯿﻫ ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ و ﺖﺑﺎﺛ يﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ هدوﺪﺤﻣ )1

( .ﺪﺷ هدروآ

ﺚﺤﺑ و ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻧ ﺶﯾﺎـﻣزآ ﺞﯾﺎﺘ ﻞـﯿﻠﺤﺗ هداد ﺶﯾﺎـﭘ و ﺖﺤـﺻ ﯽـﺳرﺮﺑ زا ﺲـﭘ ﺎـﻫ

ترﻮـﺻ ﻪـﺑ ﯽـﺑد ﺐﯾﺮﺿ و ﺖﻓا ﺮﮐﺬﻟا قﻮﻓ ﻂﺑاور ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ و هﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ﺪـﻌﺑ نوﺪﺑ يﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ زا ﯽﻌﺑﺎﺗ

، ، و راﺮـﻗ ﯽـﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮـﻣ

ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻞﮑﺷ. 4 ﯽﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﻣ رد ار ﯽﺑد ﺐﯾﺮﺿ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﺪﻌﺑ

)a/

ﺖﺒـﺴﻧ

ﺖﺳدﻻﺎﺑ بآ ﻖﻤﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻪﭽﯾرد ﯽﮔﺪﺷزﺎﺑ (

درﻮـﻣ يﺎـﻫﺮﻄﻗ و ﺎـﯾاوز ياﺮﺑ

ﺸﻧ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﯽﻣ نﺎ ﺪﻫد . ﯽﻣ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻪﮐ رﻮﻄﻧﺎﻤﻫ يﺎﯾاوز ياﺮﺑ ددﺮﮔ

ﯽﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺎﺑ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ ﺪﻌﺑ

ﺶﯾاﺰـﻓا ﯽـﺑد ﺐﯾﺮـﺿa/H

ﯽﻣ ﻪﯾواز ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﯽﺑد ﺐﯾﺮﺿ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻪﮐ يرﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺪﺑﺎﯾ 90

و ﻪـﺟرد

ﯽﻣ ﻪﺟرد ﺮﻔﺻ ﻪﯾواز ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

. ياﺮـﺑ ،رادﻮـﻤﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ

يﺎﯾواز 90 ، 60 و 45 ﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻪﺟرد ﺮـﻄﻗ ﻪـﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﯽﺑد ﺐﯾﺮﺿ ﻦ

160 30 يﺎـﯾاوز ياﺮﺑ و ﺮﺘﻣﯽﻠﯿﻣ70 ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﮐ و ﺮﺘﻣﯽﻠﯿﻣ ﺮﻔـﺻ و

ﯽﺻﺎﺧ ﺪﻧور ﻪﺟرد هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ

ﯽﻤﻧ دﻮﺷ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐH مﺎﻨﺗارﺎﺟار

) 17 (

و ﻋﺎـﻄﻗ يﺎـﻫ ﻪـﭽﯾردنﺎ ـﯾﺮﺟﯽ ـﺑدﺐﯾ ﺮـﺿ ﯽـﺳرﺮﺑ ﻪـﺑﻪﮐ (18)چﺎﺗ

ﯽ .ﺪﻧرادﯽﻧاﻮﺨﻤﻫ ،ﺪﻨﺘﺧادﺮﭘ

لوﺪﺟ 1 - وﺪﺤﻣ و ﯽﻠﮐ تﺎﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﯽﺳﺪﻨﻫ و ﯽﮑﯿﻟورﺪﯿﻫ يﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ هد

Tabel 1- General Characteristics and range of hydraulic and geometric parameters ﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ

parameter ﺪﺣاو و دﺎﻤﻧ

Symbols and units تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ هدوﺪﺤﻣ

Ranges

ﯽﺳﺪﻨﻫ يﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ geometric parameters لﺎﻧﺎﮐ ﺐﯿﺷ

Channel slope S₀

ﺮﻔﺻ ) (Zero

ﺰﯾرﺮﺳ ﺮﻄﻗ diameter D (mm) Weir

160 70–

ﻪﭽﯾرد ﯽﮔﺪﺷزﺎﺑ Gate opening a (mm)

-ﺮﻔﺻ عﺎﻌﺷ

-Zero Radius

ﻪﭽﯾرد لﻮﻃ Gate Length B (mm)

28

لﺎﻧﺎﮐ ضﺮﻋ Channel width b (mm)

282

ﯽﮑﯿﻟورﺪﯿﻫ ﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ hydraulic parameters ﯽﺑد

Discharge Q_s(Lit/s)

27 - 2

ﻨﯾر دﺪﻋ زﺪﻟﻮ

Reynolds number 500000

25000–

دوﺮﻓ دﺪﻋ Froude number 55

/0 012– /0

بﺎﯾﺎﭘ ﻖﻤﻋ Tail water 8 (cm)

4/– 0

ﺖﺳدﻻﺎﺑ بآ ﻖﻤﻋ Water depth upstream y_up(cm)

30 / 20 5/– 7

(6)

ﻞﮑﺷ -4 ﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﺑ ﯽ ﺪﻌﺑ ردa/H ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ ﺮﺿ ﯾ ﺐ ﺑد ﯽ اﺮﺑ ي اوز ﯾﺎ ي يﺎﻫﺮﻄﻗ و ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ

، (a ﺎﻨﺤﻧا ﻪﺑ ﺖﻤﺳ ﺖﺳدﻻﺎﺑ و (b ﺎﭘ ﯿﯾ ﻦ ﺖﺳد

Figure 4- a/H dimensionless parameter against discharge coefficient, for different angles and diameters, a) Upstream curve and b) Downstream curve

ﻞﮑﺷ )5 ( ﺑ ﺮﺘﻣرﺎﭘ ﯽ ﻌﺑ ﺪ ﺮﺿ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ رد ارa/H ﺐﯾ

ﺑد ﯽ اﺮﺑ ي ﺎﻫﺮﻄﻗ

ي 30ﻪﯾاوز رد ارﺮﺘﻣﯽﻠﯿﻣ160 و120 ،70 ﺖـﻟﺎﺣ رد ﻖﻓا ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﺟرد

ﺎﭘ ﺖﻤﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻨﺤﻧا و ﺖﺳدﻻﺎﺑ ﺖﻤﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻨﺤﻧا ﻦﯿﯾ

ﺖﺳد ـﻣ نﺎـﺸﻧ ﯽ ﺪـﻫد

. ي اﺮـﺑ ،ﺖـﺑﺎﺛ^a/H ﮏـﯾ رد ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا نآﺮﮕﻧﺎﯿﺑﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺖﻤـﺳ ﻪـﺑ ﺎـﻨﺤﻧا

ﺎﭘ ﻦﯿﯾ ﺖﺳد ﺖﺳدﻻﺎﺑ و

، اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﺶﯾ ﺮﺿ ﺮﻄﻗ ﯾ ﺐ ﺑد ﯽ ﺮﻘﺗ ﺎﺒﯾ هدﻮـﺑ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ

و (19) ﺮـﻓ ﯽﺋﺎﯿـﺿ ﺶﻫوﮋـﭘ رد ﻪـﮐ ﺖـﺳا ﯽﻟﺎﺣ رد ﻦﯾا ﯽـﺳرﺮﺑ ﻪـﺑ ﻪـﮐ

ﺰﯾرﺮﺳ ﯽﺑد ﺐﯾﺮﺿ ﯽﻫﺎﮕﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ ﯽﮔﺪـﺷزﺎﺑ ﺎـﺑ يا ﻪﻧاﻮﺘﺳا ﻢﯿﻧ ﻪﭽﯾرد-

،ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ و ﻦﯾﺮﺘـﺸﯿﺑ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ يﺎﯾاوز ياﺮﺑ

ﺐﯾﺮـﺿ ﻦﯾﺮـﺘﻤﮐ

ﺮﻄﻗ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺑد 70

ﯽﻠﯿﻣ و ﺮﺘﻣ 160 ﯽﻠﯿﻣ ﺖـﺳا هدﻮـﺑ ﺮﺘﻣ

ﺰﯾرﺮـﺳ رد ﻪـﮐ ﺖﺳا نآ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﯿﺑ ﻪﮐ -

ﻢﯿـﻧ ﻪـﭽﯾرد ﻪﻧاﻮﺘـﺳا

ﺖـﯿﻌﻗﻮﻣ يا

يﺎﻨﺤﻧا ﺰﯾرﺮﺳ ﯽﮔﺪـﺷزﺎﺑ ﺖﺒـﺴﻧ يﺮﺘـﺸﯿﺑ ﺮﯿﺛﺎـﺗ ،يﺮـﯿﮔراﺮﻗ ﻪـﯾواز و

دراد يرﻮﺒﻋ ﯽﺑد ﺐﯾﺮﺿ ﺮﺑ ﻢﻫ ﻪﭽﯾرد . ﯽﮐﺎﺣ ( )7 و ( )6ﻞﮑﺷﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﺖﺳا نآ زا

ﺶﯾ اﺮﺑH/P ي ﺮـﻫ ﺎﭘ ﺖﻤﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻨﺤﻧا و ﺖﺳدﻻﺎﺑ ﺖﻤﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻨﺤﻧا ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ود

ﻦﯿﯾ

،ﺖﺳد ﺮﺿ

ﺐﯾ ـﺑدﺐﯾﺮﺿ ﺮﻄﻗﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ^H/Pﮏﯾ رد و.ﺪﺑﺎﯾﯽﻣﺶﯾاﺰﻓاﯽﺑد ﯽ رد ﺖﺳااﺪﯿﭘ ﺮﻄﻗ ﻪﺳيﺎﻫرادﻮﻤﻧ زا ﻪﮐ رﻮﻄﻧﺎﻤﻫ .ﺖﺳا ﺖﺑﺎﺛﺎﺒﯾﺮﻘﺗ ﮏﯾ

ﺮﺿ ،ﺖﺑﺎﺛH/P ﺐﯾ ﺑد ﯽ ﺑ ﺖـﺳدﻻﺎﺑ ﺖﻤـﺳ ﻪـﺑ ﺎﻨﺤﻧا ﺖﻟﺎﺣ رد ﺮﺘـﺸﯿ

زا ﻦـﯾ ا ناﻮـﺗﯽ ـﻣ ﻪـﮐ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑﯽ ـﻣﺖﺳدﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘ ﺖﻤﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻨﺤﻧا ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ﻪـﻧﻮﮔ

ﺮﮐ جﺎﺘﻨﺘﺳا ﺎﻨﺤﻧا ﻪﮐ د ي ﻧ ﻢﯿ ﻪﻧاﻮﺘﺳا ﺷ ﻊﻤﺟ ﺐﺒﺳ نﺪ

ﺮﺟ طﻮـﻄﺧ نﺎـﯾ

و ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ رد ويدورو ﻊﻄﻘﻣ ردﯽﮑﯿﻣﺎﻨﯾدوﺮﺋآ ﺖﻟﺎﺣدﺎﺠﯾا ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ

ﺮﺟ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ رد نﺎﯾ دورو ﺖﻓا و ي

ﻣ ﯽ ددﺮﮔ ﺐﯾﺮﺿ و ﺑد ﯽ هزﺎـﺳ ار ﺶﯾاﺰـﻓا

ﯽﻣ ﺪﻫد . ﻞﮑﺷ 8 ﻐﺗ ﯿﯿ تاﺮ دوﺮﻓ دﺪﻋ رد ﺮـﺑاﺮﺑ ﯽـﺑ ﺖﺒـﺴﻧ ﺪـﻌﺑ

ار اﺮـﺑ ي

اوز ﯾﺎ ي و ﻄﻗ ﺮ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ رد

ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ﺎﻨﺤﻧا ﻪـﺑ ﺖﻤـﺳ ﺖـﺳدﻻﺎﺑ

و .ﺪﻫدﯽﻣنﺎﺸﻧﺖﺳدﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘﺖﻤﺳﻪﺑﺎﻨﺤﻧا

ﻞﮑﺷ -5 ﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﺑ ﯽ ﺪﻌﺑ ردa/H ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ ﺮﺿ ﯾ ﺐ ﺑد ﯽ اﺮﺑ ي ﺎﻫﺮﻄﻗ ي ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ و واز ﯾ ﻪ 30

،ﻪﺟرد (a ﺎﻨﺤﻧا ﻪﺑ ﺖﻤﺳ ﺖﺳدﻻﺎﺑ و (b ﺎﭘ ﯿﯾ ﻦ ﺖﺳد

Figure 5- a/H dimensionless parameter against discharge coefficient, for different diameters and 30 angle, a) Upstream curve and b) Downstream curve

(7)

1453 ...

ﻞﮑﺷ -6 ﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﺑ ﯽ ﺪﻌﺑ ردH/P ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ ﺮﺿ ﯾ ﺐ ﺑد ﯽ اﺮﺑ ي اوز ﯾﺎ ي ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ و ﺮﻄﻗ 120 ﻣﯿ ﻠ ﯽ ﺮﺘﻣ

Figure 6- a/H dimensionless parameter against discharge coefficient, for different angles and diameter of 120 mm

ﻞﮑﺷ -7 ﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﺑ ﯽ ﺪﻌﺑ ردH/P ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ ﺮﺿ ﯾ ﺐ ﺑد ﯽ اﺮﺑ ي ﺎﻫﺮﻄﻗ ي ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ و واز ﯾ ﻪ 30

،ﻪﺟرد (a ﺎﻨﺤﻧا ﻪﺑ ﺖﻤﺳ ﺖﺳدﻻﺎﺑ و (b ﺎﭘ ﯿﯾ ﻦ ﺖﺳد

Figure 7- H/P dimensionless parameter against discharge coefficient, for different diameters and 30 angle, a) Upstream curve and b) Downstream curve

ﻞﮑﺷ -8 دﺪﻋ رد ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ اﺮﺑ ي اوز ﯾﺎ ي يﺎﻫﺮﻄﻗ و ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ (a ﺎﻨﺤﻧا ﻪﺑ ﺖﻤﺳ ﺖﺳدﻻﺎﺑ و (b ﺎﭘ ﯿﯾ ﻦ ﺖﺳد

Figure 8- Fr number against , for different diameters and angles, a) Upstream curve and b) Downstream curve

ﺎﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺎﺘﻧ ﯾ

،ﺞ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﻪﯾواز ﮏﯾ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد ﺎﺑ ﺎﺑ

اﺰﻓا ﯾ ﺶ دﺪـﻋ

دوﺮﻓ اﺮﺑ ي مﺎﻤﺗ اوز ﯾﺎ رد ﺮﻫ ود ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ﺎﻨﺤﻧا ﻪﺑ ﺖﻤﺳ ﺖﺳدﻻﺎﺑ و ﺎﭘ ﯿﯾ ﻦ ﺖﺳد -

ﺖﺒﺴﻧ يﺎﻫﺮﻄﻗ ﯽﻣﺎﻤﺗ رد ﺪﻧور ﻦﯾا ﻪﮐ ،ﻪﺘﺷاد ﯽﺸﻫﺎﮐ ﺪﻧور

ﺪﺷ هﺪﯾد ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ .

ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ رد ﯾ ﮏ دوﺮـﻓ دﺪﻋ ﻪـﯾواز و

،ﺖـﺑﺎﺛ ﺎـﺑ

(8)

اﺰﻓا ﯾ ﺶ ﺮﻄﻗ ﯽﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺪﻌﺑ ﯽﻣ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .

يﺎﻫدروﺎﺘﺳد ﺎﺑ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ

يﺎﻫ دﯾ ﮕ

ﺮ (17) نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﻢﺠﻧ يﺎﻫ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ رﻮﭘرﺪـﯿﺣ و نﺎﯾﻮﺿر و

)4 ( ﺮـﺑ

هﺮﻗ و ﯽﻠﯿﻄﺘﺴﻣ ﻪﭽﯾرد ﺰﯾرﺮﺳ يور نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﻮﻟﺰﮔ

)5 ( و نﺎﯾدﻮﻌﺴﻣ و

نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ ) 10 ( ﻢﯿﻧ ﻪﭽﯾردﺰﯾرﺮﺳ يور ﺮﺑ ﻪﻧاﻮﺘـﺳا

ﺐﯾﺮـﺿ داد نﺎـﺸﻧ يا

هدوﺪـــــﺤﻣ رد ﺐـــــﯿﺗﺮﺗ ﻪـــــﺑ نﺎـــــﻧآ ﺶﻫوﮋـــــﭘ ﯽـــــﺑد 68 . 0 51

.

0 Cd 

، 61 . 0 55

.

0 C_d 

،

96 . 0 38

.

0 Cd  و

05 . 1 75

.

0  

Cd رد ،ﺖـــﺳا ﺮـــﯿﻐﺘﻣ

ﯽﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﮐ ﯽﻟﺎﺣ ﺰﯾرﺮﺳ رد ﺪﻫد

- ﻢﯿـﻧ ﻪـﭽﯾرد -

ﻪﻧاﻮﺘﺳا هدوﺪـﺤﻣ رد و ﺮﺘـﺸﯿﺑ ﯽﺑد ﺐﯾﺮﺿ يا 45

. 1 42

.

0  

Cd

ﯽﻣ ﻪﮐ ؛ﺖﺳا ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﻢﯿـﻧ هزﺎـﺳ يﺎـﻨﺤﻧا ﻪﮐ دﻮﻤﻧ نﺎﯿﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦﯾا ناﻮﺗ

- ﻪﻧاﻮﺘﺳا ﺒﺳ يا ﺐﯾﺮﺿ نﺪﺷ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ و ﺶﮑﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا و نﺎﯾﺮﺟ يﺎﻨﺤﻧا ﺐ

ﯽﻣ ﯽﺑد ددﺮﮔ . ﯽﻣ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺮﮕﯾد زا ﻊﯿﺳو ﻪﺑ ناﻮﺗ

ﺐﯾﺮـﺿ هدوﺪﺤﻣ ندﻮﺑ ﺮﺗ

ﯽﻣ ار ﺮﻣا ﻦﯾا ﻞﯿﻟد و ،دﻮﻤﻧ هرﺎﺷا ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﯽﺑد ﻞـﯿﻓوﺮﭘ رد ناﻮـﺗ

دﺮﮐ ﻮﺠﺘﺴﺟ يزﺮﻣ ﻪﯾﻻ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﻊﯾزﻮﺗ .

يﺮﯿﮔ ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ رد ﯾ ﻪﭽ ﻧﯿ ﻢ ﻪﻧاﻮﺘﺳا يا ﺮﻣ لﻮﺣ نارود رﻮﺤﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻟد ﻪـﺑ ،ﺰﮐ

ـﯿ ﻞ ﻠﺑﺎﻗ ـﯿ

ﺖﯾﺰ رﺮـﺳ،ﺰﯾرﺮﺳيﺎﻫهزﺎﺳ ﻪﺑﻞﯾﺪﺒﺗ هدﺎﺳ هﻮﺤﻧ ﻪﺑ،ﺰﮐﺮﻣ لﻮﺣ ﺶﺧﺮﭼ - ـﯿﻟد ﻪﺑﺰﯾرﺮﺳيﺎﻨﺤﻧا .دﻮﺷﯽﻣﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣﯽﮔﺪﺷزﺎﺑيﺎﻫعﺎﻔﺗرا ﺎﺑﻪﭽﯾرد ﻞ ﯾ اﺰـﻓا و ﺖـﻓا ﺶﻫﺎـﮐ ردﯽﯾاﺰﺴﺑ ﯿﺮﺛﺄﺗنﺎﯾﺮﺟ طﻮﻄﺧ رد ﺎﻨﺤﻧادﺎﺠاﯾ ﺶ ﻮـﺤﻧ و دراد ﺎـﻫﻪﭽﯾرد-ﯾﺰرﺮﺳ عاﻮﻧاﺮﮕﯾد ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧﯽﺑدﺐﯾﺮﺿ راﺮـﻗ ه

ا ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﯾ ﻦ ﻣ ﺎﻨﺤﻧا ﯽ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ اﺰﻓا ﺐﺒﺳ ﯾ ﺶ ﯾﺎ ا ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﯾ ﻦ ددﺮﮔ ﺮﺛا .

لوﺪﺟ -2 ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ ي ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﯽﺑد ﺐﯾﺮﺿ هدوﺪﺤﻣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ

يﺎﻫ ﺮﮕﯾد

Table 2- Comparison of discharge coefficient of this study and the results of other researchers ﻖﻘﺤﻣ Researcher عﻮﺿﻮﻣ

subject ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ هدوﺪﺤﻣ

Test range ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ

Results

،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﻢﺠﻧ 2002 Najm et al,

2002.

و ﯽﺒﻧﺎﺟ ﯽﮔدﺮﺸﻓ ﺎﺑ ﯽﻠﯿﻄﺘﺴﻣ ﺰﯾرﺮﺳ ﯽﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ نﺎﯾﺮﺟ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﯽﺒﻧﺎﺟ ﯽﮔدﺮﺸﻓ ﺎﺑ ﯽﻠﯿﻄﺘﺴﻣ ﻪﭽﯾرد

Combined free flow over weirs and below gates

6 . 7 / 5 .

2 H a 5 / 647 .

0 b a 4 / 473 .

0 y a 68

. 0 51

.

0 Cd 

،رﻮﭘرﺪﯿﺣ و نﺎﯾﻮﺿر 1386 Razavian and

Heydarpour, 2007.

ﯽﮔدﺮﺸﻓ ﺎﺑ ﯽﻠﯿﻄﺘﺴﻣ ﺰﯾرﺮﺳ يور زا ﯽﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ نﺎﯾﺮﺟ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﻪﺒﻟ و ﯽﮔدﺮﺸﻓ نوﺪﺑ ﯽﻠﯿﻄﺘﺴﻣ ﻪﭽﯾرد ﺮﯾز و ﯽﺒﻧﺎﺟ ﺰﯿﺗ

Investigating the characteristics of the combinational flow through a compressed rectangular Weir and under the rectangular Gate without

compression in the Sharpe -Edge Model

7 / 3H a

5 . 4 / 2b a

67 . 2 / 5 .

1  y a 61

. 0 55

.

0 C_d 

هﺮﻗ نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﻮﻟﺰﮔ

، 1392

Gharaqezlo et al, 2013 ﺰﯾرﺮﺳ ﯽﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ لﺪﻣ ﯽﺑد ﺐﯾﺮﺿ ﯽﻫﺎﮕﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ

ﻪﭽﯾرد -

ﻪﻧاﻮﺘﺳا ﻢﯿﻧ و يا ﻪﻧاﻮﺘﺳا ﮏﭼﻮﮐ لﺎﻧﺎﮐ رد يا

Laboratory investigation of Combination of cylindrical and semi cylindrical weir-

gate model in a small channel 13

/ 5 .

5 H a 96

. 0 38

.

0 Cd 

و نﺎﯾدﻮﻌﺴﻣ نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ ، 1392 Masoudian et

al. 2013.

ﺰﯾرﺮﺳ نﺎﯾﺮﺟ ﯽﺑد ﺐﯾﺮﺿ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ -

ﻢﯿﻧ ﻪﭽﯾرد ﻪﻧاﻮﺘﺳا يا ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ و

ﻪﻄﺑار ﻪﭽﯾرد ﯽﺑد ﺐﯾﺮﺿ ﺎﺑ نآ ي ﻪﻧﺎﮔاﺪﺟ ﺰﯾرﺮﺳ و ي

The Coefficient Discharge semi cylindrical weir-gate and set its relation Coefficient

Discharge gate and wire 16

/ 3H a 05

. 1 75

.

0  

Cd

ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ This research ﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ

ﯿ تﺎ ﻫﯿ ﻟورﺪ ﯿﮑ ﯽ ﺮﺟ ﯾ نﺎ ز و ور زا ﯾﺮ رد ﯾ ﻪﭽ ﻧﯿ ﻢ -

ﻪﻧاﻮﺘﺳا يا ﺶﺧﺮﭼ ﺎﺑ 180 ﻪﺟرد يا ﺰﮐﺮﻣ رﻮﺤﻣ لﻮﺣ ي

Experimental Study of Flow Over and Under Half-Cylindrical Gate with Rotation 180 Degree Around Central Axis 7

. 2 / 05 .

1 H D 58 . 0 1 .

0  

Fr

75 . 0 / 105 .

0  H

Hw 45

. 1 42

.

0  

Cd

(9)

1455 ...

ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﻦﯾا ﺮﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ

ﺮﺿﺎﺣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﻣ ﯽ ﺪـﻫد ﻪـﮐ ﺮـﺿ ﯾ ﺐ ـﺑد

ﯽ ﺖﻟﺎﺣ رد ﻪﻧاﻮﺘﺳاﻢﻧﯿﺰﮐﺮﻣلﻮﺣﺶﺧﺮﭼﺎﺑياﻪﻧاﻮﺘﺳاﻢﻧﯿﻪﭽﯾرد يﺎـﻫ

ﺰﯾﺮﺳ و ﺰﯾرﺮﺳ ﻪﭽﯾرد–

زا اوز ﯾﺎ ي ﺮﻔﺻ ﺎﺗ 90 ﻪﺟرد رد ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ﺎﻨﺤﻧا

ﻪـﺑوهدﻮﺑﻪﺘﺴﺑاو^H/Pو^a/Hﺪﻌﺑ ﺑﯽﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﺑﺖﺳدﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘوﺖﺳدﻻﺎﺑ ﻪـﺑ

ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ يﺎﻫ وH/P ﻪﻄﺑارa/H ﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﯿﻢ و سﻮﮑﻌﻣ دراد . ﺎـﺑ

ردودﺮﻫي ﺑاﺮﯽﺑدﺐﯾﺮﺿ، ﯾﻪوازﺶﯾاﺰﻓاﺎﺑ،ﺖﺑﺎﺛﯽﺑدوﺮﻄﻗﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔﺮﻈﻧ ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ﺎﻨﺤﻧا ي ﻧﯿ ﻢ ﺘﺳا ﻪﻧاﻮ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳدﻻﺎﺑ و ﺎﭘ ﯿﯾ ﻦ ﺖﺳد راﺪﻘﻣ زا 42 /0 ﻪـﺑ

45 /1 ﯽﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺪﺑﺎﯾ

. ،دوﺮـﻓ دﺪﻋ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﯽـﺑ ﺖﺒـﺴﻧ

ﺪـﻌﺑ ﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻨﺤﻧا و ﺖﺳدﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻨﺤﻧا ود ﺮﻫ رد

و ﯽـﺸﻫﺎﮐ ﺪﻧور ﺖﺳد

ﯽـﻣ هﺪـﯾد ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ يﺎﻫﺮﻄﻗ ﯽﻣﺎﻤﺗ رد ﺪﻧور ﻦﯾا ﻪﮐ ،ﻪﺘﺷاد ﯽﻄﺧ -

دﻮﺷ . ﺎﺘﻧ ﯾﺞ نﺎﺸﻧ ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻫد ﺑﯿ ﺮﺘﺸ ﯾ ﻦ ﻣﯿ ناﺰ ﺐﯾﺮﺿ رد ـﯾ ﮏ راﺪـﻘﻣ ﺖـﺑﺎﺛ

ﺑد ﯽ و ﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﺑﯽ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺰﯾرﺮﺳ ﺮﯾﻮﺼﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳدﻻﺎﺑ بآ ﻖﻤﻋ

، اﺮﺑ ي ﺖـﻟﺎﺣ

ﺎﻨﺤﻧا ي ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳدﻻﺎﺑ و ﺎﭘ ﯿﯾ ﻦ

،ﺖﺳد رد واز ـﯾ ﻪ 90 ﻪـﺟرد راﺪـﻘﻣ زا 1 ﻪـﺑ

45 /1

، ﻪﺑ ﺖﻠﻋ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ و ﺰﯾرﺮﺳ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ دﻮﻤﻋ ﺛﺎﺗ

ﯿﺮ ﺰﯾرﺮـﺳ يﺎﻨﺤﻧا

ﺮﺑ ﺎﻨﺤﻧا ي طﻮﻄﺧ ﺮﺟ ﯾ نﺎ خر ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻫد .

ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ

1- Alhamid A A., Husain D., and Negm A. M. 1996. Discharge Equation for Combined flow Over Rectangular Weirs and below Inverted Triangular Gates weirs. Arab Gulf Journal for Scientific Research, vol.14,no.3,Riyadh.Saudi Arabia. pp.595-607.

2- Bos M. G. 1976. Discharge Measurement structures. International Institute for land Reclamation and Employment /LIRI Wageningen, the Netherlands.P:107- 126.

3- Beyrami M.K. 2009. Structures Water transfer. University of Technology. Seventh Edition. Pp. 462.( in Persian) 4- Gharahgezlou M., Masoudian M., Salehi Neyshabouri S.A.A., Naderi F., and Severi A. 2013. Laboratory

investigation of Combination of cylindrical and semi cylindrical weir- gate model in a small canal.J. of water and Soil Conservation, Vol. 20(1), 2013.Pp: 185-198.(in Persian with English abstract).

5- Hayawi H. A. M., Yahia A. A. G., and Hayawi G. A. M. 2008. Free combined flow over a triangular weir and under rectangular gate, Journal of Damascaus University, Vol.24, No.1, Pp: 9- 22.

6- Jun-Fu Y., Chihn-Han L., and Chang-Tai T. 2001. Hydraulic Characteristics and discharge control of sluice gates, Journal of Chinese Institute of Engineers. Vol.24, No.23, Pp: 301- 310.

7- Masudian M., Gharagezlo M., and Haber B. (2012).The impact of hydraulic and geometric parameters cylindrical gate discharge coefficient. InnovaCiencia. July, 2012. Vol.4, No.7, Pp: 61- 72

8- Masoudian M., Gharegezlo M., Naderi F., and Fenderski N. 2012. Hydraulic submerged flow in midel semi chlinfer wire- gate. The fifth conference of watershed management and soil and water resources. Kerman.(in Persian)

9- Masoudian M., Gharahgezlou M., Severi A., and Ziaeifar S. 2011. Characterization of Combination of semi cylindrical wire -gate curvature Upstream positioned at different degree to the horizon. Eleventh Conference on Irrigation and evaporation Reduction. (in Persian)

10- Masoudian M., Gharahgezlou M., Severi A., and Ziaeifar. 2012. The effect rotation semi cylinder weir- gate on the flow rate of loss energy. Eleventh Conference Hydraulic Iran. (in Persion).

11- Masoudian M., Fenderski F., and Gharegezlo M. 2014. Study discharge coefficient of cylinder wire- gate and determine its relationship with the coefficient gate flow and a wire separate. Journal of Water Resources Engineering, Vol. VI, pp. 62-51.

12- Majmodian Shoshtari M. 2010. flow in open channels, shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran, 985 p. (in Persian) 13- Metzler D E. A model study of tainter gate operation.M.Sc. Thesis.Iowa State University.^{Iowa City}.^Iowa.^1948.

14- Negm A.M., Al-Brahim A.M., and Alhamid A.A. 2002. Combined free flow over weirs and below gates. J.

Hydraul. Res. 40: 359-365

15- U.S. Army Engineers Waterways Experiment Station. 1959. Hydraulic Design Criteria.Charts. 320-3 to 320-8. 16- Safarnezhad D. 1991. Govern the determination of the arc discharge gate mounted on irrigation canals. MS Thesis,

University of Shiraz. (in Persian with English abstract).

17- Rajaratnam N., and Subramanya K. 1967. Flow equation for the sluice gate. J. Hydrural. Div., Am. Soc. Civ. Eng.

93: 4. 57-77.

18- Toch A. 1955. Discharge characteristics of Tainter gates. ASCE Trans. Am. Soc. Civ. Eng. 120: 290-300.

19- Zieaifar S. 2014. Experimental Investigation of semi cylindrical weir – gate discharge Coefficient with various position angles in free flow. Master Thesis hydraulic structures. Gorgan University. 164 pp. (in Persian with English abstract).

(10)

Experimental Study of Flow over and Under Half-Cylindrical Gate with Rotation 180 Degree around Central Axis

F. Alizadeh Sanami^*¹- M. Masoudian²- M. Saneie³ Received: 22-07-2014

Accepted: 10-05-2015

Introduction: Because of the fairly simple equations for accurate flow measurement and controlling the water level, weir and gate method is more useful than the separate weir, gate and partial flume methods. Since the flowing water in the channel always contains sediment particles and floating debris, they are deposited at the gate inlets and behind the weirs which reduces the size of the channel in the structure range and which reduces some problems such as neighboring land flooding due to overflow of water from the channel banks, threatening the structure stability and reducing the measurement accuracy. Using a combination of weir- gate model, in comparison with other conventional devices, will make it possible to get the actual conditions closer two main hypotheses derived from the relations and accurately measure the discharge coefficient. In this model, the deposited materials are easily passed through the gates and the suspended debris are easily passed over the weirs.

One of the combined weir- gate structures is semi cylindrical weir- gate structure. Regarding about the form of the combined weir- gate structures, it has some advantages , including simple design, sediments and floating material flow, high flow discharge coefficient compared with other replaceable structures and its being economic. Semi Cylindrical gate turning around center Axis, for reason of rotation the center becomes Conversion to wire, wire gate with opening with different height.

Materials and Methods: The experiments were conducted in a rectangular flume with the length of 8 m, width of 0.282 m and height of 0.3 m in Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute. In this research, PVC pipes were used as semi cylindrical gate structures. The experiments were conducted for three diameters 70, 120 and 160 mm with height of the opening between zeros until radius, angles zero, 30, 45, 60 and 90 degree and differently discharging. Experiments were performed at a discharge limit of 2-27 l/s. In order to decrease turbulence of the flow, the gate was installed at the end 4 m of the flume. The ratio of cylindrical structure diameter to channel width (D/B) was in the range of 0.25 to 0.57 and the Froude number was in the range of 0.08 to 0.55.

Results and Discussion: Coefficient discharge of semi cylindrical structure and then dimensionless parameters of [H/P], [a/H], [ /H] and [Fr] against the discharge coefficient in the studied gate opening between zero until radius were investigated. According to result with decrease dimensionless parameter of a/H, discharge coefficient increased, So that the maximum Coefficient discharge rate of angle 90 degrees and minimum angle 0 degrees. Also in a constant of a/H for the curvature of the downstream and upstream, with increasing the diameter of semi cylinder, discharge coefficient remains and has no change, shows that changes in diameter of semi cylinder have no significant impact on discharge coefficient. With increasing H/P for both curves upstream and the downstream, discharge coefficient increased. Also in a constant of H/P for the curvature of the downstream and upstream, with increasing the diameter of semi cylinder, discharge coefficient remains.

With constant of angles with increasing Freud for all angles, both the curvature of the downstream and upstream, /H decreased. Also in a constant of Freud and angles, with increasing the diameter of semi cylinder, /H remains. According to the result, discharge coefficient of semi cylindrical gates varies, in Experimental limit, from 0.45 to 1.45 which is more than that of sluice gates reported by the USBR. One of the reasons, this is ascribed to this is the difference between the amount of entrance, head loss in this structure, because when the flow approaches cylindrical gate, due to curvedness of the wall upstream, a gradual gathering of flow lines gives the aerodynamic method to entrance section, thus decreasing resistance against the flow and entrance head loss and increasing discharge coefficient. However, in sluice gates the vertical wall in entrance section is conducive to fast gathering of flow line, thereby increasing resistance against flow, increasing entrance head loss, and decreasing discharge coefficient relative to a semi cylindrical method.

1 and 2- Graduate Master and Assistant Professor of Water Engineering Department, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources of Sari University, Sari, Iran, Respectively

(*-Corresponding Auther Email: [email protected])

3- Associate Professor of Hydraulic Structures, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREO), Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute, Tehran, Iran

(11)

1457 ...

Conclusion: The results showed that increasing Froude coefficient and decreasing the a/H (ratio of gate opening to upstream water depth) dimensionless parameter decrease, respectively increase the discharge coefficient and decrease head loss in all aspects of structural alignment. Within addition by increasing the H/P dimensionless parameter (ratio of upstream water depth to structure diameter) discharge coefficient increased.

Results showed that the maximum and minimum values of discharge coefficient are related respectively to 90 degree and 0 degree angle.

Keywords: Flow Loss, Discharge Coefficient, Hydraulic Flow, Semi-Cylindrical Structure, Weir-Gate