ﺸﯽ ـ ﻤﯽ ﭘﮋوﻫ ـﻋﻠ ـﮥ ﻣﻘﺎﻟ و ﻫﺎي اي زﻧﺒﻮرﻫﺎي ﭘﺎرازﯾﺘﻮﯾﯿﺪ

(1)

:ﺖﻓﺎﯾرد 13 / 09 / 1400 شﺮﯾﺬﭘ ، 17 / 12 / 1400

: ﯽﺼﺼﺨﺗ ﺮﯿﺑد يرﺎﯾﺪﻨﻔﺳا يﺪﻬﻣ

This Work is Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International Public License

Journal of Entomological SociEty of iran 2022, 41(4), 341350

Doi: 10.22117/JESi.2022.358237.1455

ﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﮥـ ﻠﻋ ـ ﻫوﮋﭘ ﯽﻤ ـ

ﯽﺸ

عﻮﻨﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﺪﯿﯾﻮﺘﯾزارﺎﭘ يﺎﻫرﻮﺒﻧز يا يﺎﻫ

Encyrtidae

و

Pteromalidae

(Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea)

نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ رد ناﺮﯾا ،نﺎﻣﺮﮐ نﺎﺘﺳا ﯽﺑﻮﻨﺟ يﺎﻫ

ﯽﻋﺎﺠﺷ ﻼﻬﻣ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ،1

ﺶﯾﺪﻧاﺮﯿﺧ

1

هدازﺪﺠﻣ دﻮﻌﺴﻣﺪﯿﺳ ،*

و2

ﯽﻠﻌﻔﻄﻟ ﻦﯿﺴﺣ هداز

3

1 - ناﺮﯾا ،نﺎﻣﺮﮐ ،نﺎﻣﺮﮐ ﺮﻨﻫﺎﺑ ﺪﯿﻬﺷ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،يزروﺎﺸﮐ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ،ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭙﻫﺎﯿﮔ هوﺮﮔ ،

2 - ﺖﺴﯾز هوﺮﮔ ،مﻮﻠﻋ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ،ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ

ناﺮﯾا ،نﺎﻣﺮﮐ ،نﺎﻣﺮﮐ ﺮﻨﻫﺎﺑ ﺪﯿﻬﺷ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد و

3 - ﺶﺨﺑ يزروﺎﺸﮐ شزﻮﻣآ و تﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﺰﮐﺮﻣ ،ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭙﻫﺎﯿﮔ تﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ و

.ناﺮﯾا ،ﺰﯾﺮﺒﺗ ،يزروﺎﺸﮐ ﺞﯾوﺮﺗ و شزﻮﻣآ تﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ،ﯽﻗﺮﺷ نﺎﺠﯾﺎﺑرذآ ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ

:ﯽﮑﯿﻧوﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﺖﺴﭘ ،تﺎﺒﺗﺎﮑﻣ لﻮﺌﺴﻣ*

[email protected]

هﺪﯿﮑﭼ عﻮﻨﺗ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ رد ﻪﻧﻮﮔ

هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﺪﯿﯾﻮﺘﯾزارﺎﭘ يﺎﻫرﻮﺒﻧز يا يﺎﻫ

Encyrtidae و

Pteromalidae )

Hymenoptera:

Chalcidoidea نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ رد (

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻦﯾﺪﺑ .ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ نﺎﻣﺮﮐ نﺎﺘﺳا ﯽﺑﻮﻨﺟ يﺎﻫ دﺮﺑ

يرا -

لﺎﺳ رد ﯽﯾﺎﻫ يﺎﻫ

1395 و 1396 رد 15 نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ زا ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻪﻠﺗ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ نﺎﺟﻮﻨﻣ و ﺞﻨﮔ ﻪﻌﻠﻗ ،جﻮﻨﻬﮐ ،ﺖﻓﺮﯿﺟ ،ﻢﺑ يﺎﻫ

ﺎﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ .ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ ﺰﯿﻟ ﻊﻤﺟ يﺎﻫ

ﺺﺧﺎﺷ .ﺪﺷ شرﺎﻤﺷ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺮﻫ داﺮﻓا داﺪﻌﺗ و ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺎﺗ هﺪﺷ يروآ يﺎﻫ

ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﯽﺘﺧاﻮﻨﮑﯾ و عﻮﻨﺗ مﺮﻧ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ يا

راﺰﻓا عﻮﻤﺠﻣ رد .ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣSDR4

40 ﻖﻠﻌﺘﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ

ﻪﺑ 25 ﺮﮐ نﺎﺘﺳا ﯽﺑﻮﻨﺟ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ زا هداﻮﻧﺎﺧود و ﺲﻨﺟ .ﺪﺷ ﺖﺒﺛ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا رد نﺎﻣ

ﺑ رد ﯿ ﻦ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ يﺎﻫ ﻊﻤﺟ يروآ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ هﺪﺷ

Ooencyrtus telenomicida (Vassiliev, 1904) ﺎﺑ

39 ) ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ 3/

22

% هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ زا ( Encyrtidae

ﻪﻧﻮﮔ و ﺎﻫ ي

Halticoptera andriescui Mitroiu, 2005 ﺎﺑ

28 ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ) 16

% ( و Chlorocytus spicatus (Walker, 1835) ﺎﺑ

20 ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ

) 1/

12

% ( ود ﺮﻫ هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ زا Pteromalidae ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ رد

ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺑﯿ ﺶ ﯾﺮﺗ ﻦ ﯽﻧاواﺮﻓ داد صﺎﺼﺘﺧا دﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ار ﻧﺪ

.

ﺺﺧﺎﺷ سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ عﻮﻨﺗ زا ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﻦﯿﺑ رد ﻢﺑ نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ،رﻮﮐﺬﻣ يﺎﻫ

ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﯽﺘﺧاﻮﻨﮑﯾ و .دﻮﺑ رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﯽﯾﻻﺎﺑ يا

ﺶﯿﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا رد ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﺗ

هﺎﮕﺘﺴﯾز ﻦﯿﺑ ﺖﻫﺎﺒﺷ ﻦﯾﺮ نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ

.ﺖﻓﺎﯾ صﺎﺼﺘﺧا جﻮﻨﻬﮐ و ﺖﻓﺮﯿﺟ يﺎﻫ

هژاو يﺪﯿﻠﮐ يﺎﻫ :

ﻪﻧﻮﮔ يﺎﻨﻏ ،ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ نﺎﻨﻤﺷد ﯽﻧاواﺮﻓ ،نﻮﻓ ،ﯽﺘﺴﯾز عﻮﻨﺗ ،يا

Species diversity of parasitoid wasps of Encyrtidae and Ptreomalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) in south counties of Kerman province,

Iran

& Hossein , Seyed Massoud Madjdzadeh2

, Mohammad Khayrandish1*

Mahla Shojaey1

Lotfalizadeh3

1. Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Ker- man, Iran, 2. Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Ker- man, Iran & 3. Department of Plant Protection, East-Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tabriz, Iran

*Corresponding author, E-mail: [email protected] Abstract

In the present study, species diversity of Encyrtidae and Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) parasitoid wasps were investigated in southern counties of Kerman province. The specimens were col- lected from 15 regions in 5 counties, using Malaise trap during 2015 and 2016. All obtained specimens

(2)

342 :نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﯽﻋﺎﺠﺷ

ﺪﯿﯾﻮﺘﯾزارﺎﭘ يﺎﻫرﻮﺒﻧز يا ﻪﻧﻮﮔ عﻮﻨﺗ

were identified to species level and the number of each species per sample were counted. Species diversity and evenness indices of different regions were analyzed, using the software SDR4. A total of 40 species belonging to 25 genera and two families were registered in this research from southern regions of Kerman province. Among all species, Oencyrtus telenomicida (Vassiliev, 1904) with 39 specimens (22.3%) belonging to Encyrtidae and Halticoptera andriescui Mitroiu, 2005 with 28 specimens (16%) and Chlorocytus spicatus (Walker, 1835) with 20 specimens (12.1%) both belonging to Pter- omalidae were the most abundant species, respectively. According to the studied indices, Bam had the highest species diversity and evenness among the studied regions. The highest similarity was also found between the wasp communities in Jiroft and Kahnuj.

Key words: natural enemies, species richness, biodiversity, fauna, abundance Received: 4 December 2021, Accepted: 08 March 2022

ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ

هداﻮﻧﺎﺧﻻﺎﺑ

Chalcidoidea

زا ﯽﮑﯾ گرﺰﺑ هوﺮﮔ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ ﺖﺳا نﺎﻬﺟ ﺮﺳاﺮﺳ رد ﺪﯿﯾﻮﺘﯾزارﺎﭘ يﺎﻫرﻮﺒﻧز يﺎﻫ

)

Noyes, 2019

.(

ﻪﻧﻮﮔ هوﺮﮔ ﺮﺜﮐا ﺎﻣا ﺪﻧراد دﻮﺟو نﺎﻬﺟ طﺎﻘﻧ مﺎﻤﺗ رد ﺎﺒﯾﺮﻘﺗ هداﻮﻧﺎﺧﻻﺎﺑ ﻦﯾا يﺎﻫ هداﻮﻧﺎﺧﻻﺎﺑ ﻦﯾا يﺎﻫ

ﺮﯿﺴﻣﺮﮔ طﺎﻘﻧ رد

، ﺶﯿﺑ عﻮﻨﺗ ياراد ﯽﻣ يﺮﺗ

) ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ

Noyes & Valentine, 1989

.(

هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ يﺎﻫ

Encyrtidae

و

Pteromalidae

گرﺰﺑ زا هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ هداﻮﻧﺎﺧﻻﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ

Chalcidoidea

ﯽﻣ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ

(Noyes, 2019)

هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ .

Encyrtidae

ا ﯽﮑﯾ ز هدﺮﺘﺴﮔ هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ ﻪﺘﺳار يﺎﻫ

ي

Hymenoptera

ﺖﺳا ﺶﯿﺑ ﻪﮐ ﯽﺣاﻮﻧ رد ار عﻮﻨﺗ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ

يﺮﯿﺴﻣﺮﮔ ﻪﻤﯿﻧ و يﺮﯿﺴﻣﺮﮔ دراد

(Grissell & Schauff, 1990; Noyes et al., 1997)

. داﺮﻓا ﻦﯾا ﻒﯿﻃ هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ

ﯽﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ار ﯽﺘﺴﯾز عﻮﻨﺗ زا ﯽﻌﯿﺳو ) ﺪﻨﻫد

Zhang & Huang, 2004

ﻪﺑ .(

ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﯽﺗرﺎﺒﻋ هﺎﮕﺘﺴﯾز رد هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﻦﯾا يﺎﻫ

-

بآ ﺎﺑ توﺎﻔﺘﻣ يﺎﻫ ﯽﻣ ﺖﻓﺎﯾ عﻮﻨﺘﻣ ياﻮﻫو

) ﺪﻧﻮﺷ

Noyes & Hayat, 1994; Japoshvili & Noyes, 2006

داﺮﻓا .(

ﻪﻨﻣاد هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﻦﯾا هدﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺰﯿﻣ ي

ﻪﻨﮐ و ﺪﻧراد يا ﻪﺘﺳار و نﺎﯿﺗﻮﺒﮑﻨﻋ ،ﺎﻫ

تاﺮﺸﺣ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ ﻣ ﻪﺘﯾزارﺎﭘ ار

ﯽ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ

)

Trjapitzin, 1989; Noyes, 2019

.(

ﻪﺑ رﻮﻃ ،ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ناﺮﯾا رد هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ داﺮﻓا

Encyrtidae

ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ نﺎﻨﻤﺷد يﺮﺛﻮﻣ

ﮏﺸﭙﺷ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ رد ﺎﻫ

ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا ﮏﺸﭙﺷ ﻞﯿﺴﭘ ،دﻮﻟآدرآ يﺎﻫ تﺎﻓآ زا يرﺎﯿﺴﺑ و ﺎﻫ

هﺪﻨﻨﮐ هدﻮﻟآ هﻮﯿﻣ و عراﺰﻣ

ﺎﻫ ﯽﻣ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ

)

Fallahzadeh & Japoshvili, 2017

( ﻪﻧﻮﮔ زا يرﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ . ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ رد هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﻦﯾا يﺎﻫ

ﮏﯾژﻮﻟﻮﯿﺑ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ يﺎﻫ

ﻪﺑ نﺎﻬﺟ ﺮﺳاﺮﺳ رد ﮏﯿﺳﻼﮐ بآ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ ﺎﺑ ﯽﻘﻃﺎﻨﻣ رد هﮋﯾو

ﻪﺑ مﺮﮔ ﯽﯾاﻮﻫ و ﻘﻓﻮﻣ رﻮﻃ

ﺖﯿ درﻮﻣ ﺰﯿﻣآ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا

راﺮﻗ

ﯽﻣ ﺪﻧﺮﯿﮔ )

Zhang & Huang, 2004

(.

هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ داﺮﻓا

Pteromalidae

ﻪﯾﻮﻧﺎﺛ و ﻪﯿﻟوا يﺎﻫﺪﯿﯾﻮﺘﯾزارﺎﭘ ﮐ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ يا

ﻪ

تاﺮﺸﺣ زا ﯽﺧﺮﺑ ﯽﮔﺪﻧز ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا

ﺖﺨﺳ لﺎﺑ ،ناراﺪﮑﻟﻮﭙﻟﺎﺑ ،نﻻﺎﺑود ،نﺎﺷﻮﭙﻟﺎﺑ ﺑرﻮﺟﺎﻧ ،نﺎﯿﯾﺎﺸﻏ

نﻻﺎ

نﺎﯿﺗﻮﺒﮑﻨﻋ زا يداﺪﻌﺗ و زارﺎﭘ ار

ﯽﻣ ﻪﺘﯾ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ )

Bouček & Rasplus, 1991; Desjardins et al., 2007

.(

ﺶﯿﺑ داﺮﻓا ﺮﺗ

ﻦﯾا ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ رد ار ﯽﻤﻬﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﯽﻣ ﺎﻔﯾا ﮏﯾژﻮﻟﻮﯿﺑ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ يﺎﻫ

ﻪﺑ و ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺖﯿﻘﻓﻮﻣ رﻮﻃ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ رد ﺰﯿﻣآ

لﺮﺘﻨﮐ يﺎﻫ

ﯽﻣ راﺮﻗ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا درﻮﻣ ﮏﯾژﻮﻟﻮﯿﺑ ) ﺪﻧﺮﯿﮔ

Greathead, 1986; Bouček & Rasplus, 1991; Debach & Rosen,

ﺎﺒﯾﺮﻘﺗ .(1991

98 ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺪﺻرد هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ يﺎﻫ

Pteromalidae

تﻮﺒﮑﻨﻋ و ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ تاﺮﺸﺣ ﺪﯿﯾﻮﺘﯾزارﺎﭘ ﺎﻫ

و ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦﯾا زا ﯽﻤﮐ داﺪﻌﺗ ﻂﻘﻓ

دوﺪﺣ) ﺎﻫ ود

ﻪﺑ (ﺪﺻرد ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ناﻮﻨﻋ

هﺎﯿﮔ يﺎﻫ هﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ راﻮﺧ ﺪﻧا

)

Abolhassanzadeh et al., 2017; Noyes, 2019

.(

ﻂﺑاور و هﺪﻧز تادﻮﺟﻮﻣ مﺎﻤﺗ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺘﺴﯾز عﻮﻨﺗ يﺎﻫﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ و دراد هرﺎﺷا هﺪﻧز تادﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻦﯿﺑ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ

ﯽﻣ عﻮﻨﺗ هﺪﻧراﺪﻬﮕﻧ و هﺪﻨﻨﮐدﺎﺠﯾا ) دزادﺮﭘ

Kuchaki et al., 2005; Sárospataki et al., 2005

ﻦﯾا زا .(

عﻮﻨﺗ ،ور

،ﮏﯿﺗﺎﻤﺘﺴﯿﺳ ،يژﻮﻟﻮﮐا :ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا يرﺎﯿﺴﺑ مﻮﻠﻋ ﺎﺑ ﯽﺘﺴﯾز ﻢﯿﻠﻗا ،ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷاﻮﻫ

ﺧﺮﺑ و ﯽﺿﺎﯾر ،دﺎﺼﺘﻗا ،ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ مﻮﻠﻋ ﯽ

ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﯽﻣ ﻦﯿﻣز هﺮﮐ هﺪﻧزﺮﯿﻏو هﺪﻧز اﺰﺟا هﺎﮕﯾﺎﺟ و شزرا ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ﺎﺑ ﯽﺘﺴﯾز عﻮﻨﺗ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ .ﺖﺳا طﺎﺒﺗرا رد ﺮﮕﯾد ) دﺮﯿﮔ راﺮﻗ يرادﺮﺑ هﺮﻬﺑ درﻮﻣ ﺎﻬﻧآ ﺖﻇﺎﻔﺣ و ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ياﺮﺑ

Oertli et al., 2005

ﯽﻤﮐ رﺎﯿﺴﺑ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ نﻮﻨﮐﺎﺗ .(

نﻮﻣاﺮﯿﭘ عﻮﻨﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ هداﻮﻧﺎﺧﻻﺎﺑ يﺎﻫرﻮﺒﻧز يا

Chalcidoidea

ﻪﺑ هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ هﮋﯾو يﺎﻫ

Encyrtidae

و

Pteromalidae

رد

نﺎﺘﺳا رد لﺎﺜﻣ ناﻮﻨﻌﺑ .ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ ناﺮﯾا عﻮﻨﺗ ،نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻟ و يﺰﮐﺮﻣ يﺎﻫ

ﻪﻧﻮﮔ هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ يﺎﻫرﻮﺒﻧز يا

(3)

Aphelinidae

) ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ

Abolmasoumi et al., 2010

.(

ﺳا رد ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ عﻮﻨﺗ نﻼﯿﮔ نﺎﺘ

يﺎﻫرﻮﺒﻧز يا

هداﻮﻧﺎﺧﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﻣ

Chalcidoidea

) ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ ﺞﻧﺮﺑ ﻪﻋرﺰﻣ رد

Lotfalizadeh et al., 2016

.(

رد ،يﺮﮕﯾد ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ رد ﯽﺣاﻮﻧ

ﯽﻟﺎﻤﺷ نﺎﺘﺳا نﺎﺠﯾﺎﺑرذآ

،ﯽﻗﺮﺷ عﻮﻨﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ هداﻮﻧﺎﺧﻻﺎﺑ يﺎﻫﺪﯿﯾﻮﺘﯾزارﺎﭘ يا

Coccoidea

هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ زا يﺎﻫ

Aphelinidae

،

Encyrtidae

،

Pteromalidae

و

Signiphoridae

) ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ

Lotfalizadeh et

al., 2014

عﻮﻨﺗ ،اﺮﯿﺧا .(

ﻪﻧﻮﮔ هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ زا ﻪﺠﻧﻮﯾ يﺎﻫزﻮﻨﯿﻣ ﺪﯿﯾﻮﺘﯾزارﺎﭘ يﺎﻫرﻮﺒﻧز يا يﺎﻫ

Braconidae

،

Eulophidae

و

Pteromalidae

) ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ ﺰﯿﻧ ناﺮﯾا بﺮﻏ لﺎﻤﺷ رد

Lotfalizadeh et al., 2015

.(

لدﺎﻌﻣ ﯽﺘﻌﺳو ﺎﺑ نﺎﻣﺮﮐ نﺎﺘﺳا بﻮﻨﺟ 38000

ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻓاﺮﻐﺟ لﻮﻃ رد ﻊﺑﺮﻣﺮﺘﻣﻮﻠﯿﮐ 56

و ﻪﺟرد 17 ضﺮﻋ و ﻪﻘﯿﻗد

ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻓاﺮﻐﺟ 26

و ﻪﺟرد 43 ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻦﯾا رد ﺎﯾرد ﺢﻄﺳ زا عﺎﻔﺗرا ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ .ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﻪﻘﯿﻗد 650

ﯽﻣ ﺮﺘﻣ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

ﻪﺑ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻦﯾا صﺎﺧ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ ﻞﯿﻟد

بآ و ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻓاﺮﻐﺟ رﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﺖﯿﻓﺮﻇ و عﻮﻨﺘﻣ ﯽﻫﺎﯿﮔ ﺶﺷﻮﭘ ياراد ،دراد ﻪﮐ ﯽﯾاﻮﻫو

ﯽﻣ يزروﺎﺸﮐ تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ عاﻮﻧا ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ياﺮﺑ عﻮﻨﺗ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ زا فﺪﻫ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

ﻪﻧﻮﮔ اﻮﻧﺎﺧ ود يﺎﻫرﻮﺒﻧز يا هد

Encyrtidae

و

Pteromalidae

ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ و نﺎﻣﺮﮐ نﺎﺘﺳا ﯽﺑﻮﻨﺟ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ رد ﻣ ﻦﯾا رد ﺎﻬﻧآ عﻮﻨﺗ يﺎﻫ

ﯽﻣ ﻖﻃﺎﻨ ﺷﺎﺑ .ﺪ

شور و داﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ

ﻪﻧﻮﮔ عﻮﻨﺗ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ود يﺎﻫرﻮﺒﻧز يا

Encyrtidae

و

Pteromalidae

،نﺎﻣﺮﮐ نﺎﺘﺳا بﻮﻨﺟ رد

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ يرادﺮﺑ لﺎﺳ رد ﯽﯾﺎﻫ يﺎﻫ

1395 و 1396 رد ﺰﯿﻟﺎﻣ ﻪﻠﺗ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ 15

زا ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ 5 ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ

لوﺪﺟ) 1 فوﺮﻇ لﺎﻘﺘﻧا زا ﺲﭘ .(

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ يوﺎﺣ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ،ﺎﻫرﻮﺒﻧز يزﺎﺳاﺪﺟ و هﺎﮕﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ

ﻞﮑﻟا ﻞﺧاد ﺎﻫ 75

ﺪﺻرد

ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ نآ زا ﺲﭘ .ﺪﻧﺪﺷ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﻞﮑﻟا رد ﺎﻫرﻮﺒﻧز

95 ﺪﻌﺑ و ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﮏﯿﺘﺳا ﺪﯿﺳا و نﻮﺘﺳا ،ﺪﺻرد

ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ يﺎﻫﺪﯿﻠﮐ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﺲﭙﺳ .ﺪﻧﺪﺷ هﺪﻧﺎﺒﺴﭼ ترﺎﮐ يور

Noyes & Hayat (1984)

،

Noyes et al.

(1997)

،

Zhang & Huang (2004)

،

Graham (1969)

و

Bouček & Rasplus (1991)

و ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ

ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺖﯾﺎﻬﻧ رد .ﺪﻧﺪﯿﺳر ﺪﯿﯾﺎﺗ ﻪﺑ مرﺎﻬﭼ هﺪﻧرﺎﮕﻧ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﻠﺗ ﺐﺼﻧ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا .ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﺖﺒﺛ و شرﺎﻤﺷ ﺎﻫ

ﻫ ﺎ

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻞﺤﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ا عﺎﻔﺗرا و ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻓاﺮﻐﺟ تﺎﺼﺘﺨﻣ ،يرادﺮﺑ

لوﺪﺟ رد ﺎﯾرد ﺢﻄﺳ ز 1

.ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﺮﮐذ

لوﺪﺟ 1 - لﺎﺳ ﯽﻃ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻓاﺮﻐﺟ تﺎﺼﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ

1395 و 1396 نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ رد نﺎﺘﺳا ﯽﺑﻮﻨﺟ يﺎﻫ

نﺎﻣﺮﮐ

Table 1. Geographical coordinates of the studied areas during 2016 and 2017 in the southern of Ker- man province

Elevation Latitude

Longitude Location

m1111 58° 19′ 44″ E

N29° 06′ 01.7″

Bam (Medicago sativa_Dates garden)

m2220 57° 52′ 56.8″ E

29° 07′ 22.6″ N Bam- Dehbakri-Marghak- Bidkhun (Grape garden)

m1673 57° 58′ 05.1″ E

29° 08′ 19.6″ N Bam- Hemat Abad (Fruit garden)

m679 58° 37′ 08.5″ E

28° 19′ 0.5″ N Jiroft- Bahram Abad (Orange and lemon garden)

m2118 57° 35′ 31.7″ E

29° 00′ 27″ N Jiroft- Dalfard (Apricot tree)

m1349 57° 55′ 14.8″ E

28° 41′ 27.8″ N Jiroft- Mijan- Koldan (Pomegranate garden)

m531 57° 44′ 30.9″ E

28° 01′ 42.6″ N Kahnuj- Tomgoran (Medicago sativa)

m685 57° 34′ 58.9″ E

28° 07′ 33.5″ N Kahnuj- Sar Gorich (Hordeum vulgare)

m492 57° 48′ 32.1″ E

28° 03′ 37.2″ N Kahnuj- Ghooch Abad (Medicago sativa)

m395 58° 17′ 58.6″ E

27° 14′ 27.3″ N Ghalehganj- Shahid Beheshti farm (Dates garden)

m418 58° 20′ 51.4″ E

27° 12′ 19.0″ N Ghalehganj- Kalatmalek (Dates garden)

m559 57° 48′ 03.9″ E

27° 26′ 05.1″ N Ghalehganj- Keshit (Dates garden)

m358 57° 33′ 43.4″ E

27° 29′ 53.1″ N Manujan (Dates garden)

m384 57° 33′ 51.5″ E

27° 31′ 14.6″ N Manujan- Chahnasri (Lemon and orange garden)

m445 57° 35′ 52.0″ E

27° 33′ 13.6″ N Manujan- Chermil (Dates garden)

ﺐﯿﮐﺮﺗ رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ

يا

(4)

ﯽﺒﺴﻧ ﯽﻧاواﺮﻓ ﺪﺻرد سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ

يﺎﻫ رد هﺪﺷ ﺖﺒﺛ ﻦﯾا

ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ شور زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ، و يﺪﻨﺑ

ﻦﻤﮕﯾ

)

Weigmann, 1973

ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺐﯿﮐﺮﺗ ﺐﻟﺎﻏ رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ( .ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا درﻮﻣ يا

ﻪﮐ ترﻮﺻ ﻦﯾا ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ

ﮐ ﯽﯾﺎﻫ ﻪ

نآ ﯽﻧاواﺮﻓ ﺶﯿﺑ ﺎﻫ

زا ﺮﺗ 32 ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳا ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺪﺻرد ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ناﻮﻨﻋ

) ﺐﻟﺎﻏ قﻮﻓ يﺎﻫ

Eudominant

ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ،(

ﯽﻧاواﺮﻓ ﻪﮐ ﯽﯾﺎﻫ

نآ ﻦﯿﺑ ﺎﻫ 32 ﺎﺗ 10 ﻪﺑ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺪﺻرد ناﻮﻨﻋ

ﻪﻧﻮﮔ يﺎﻫ ) ﺐﻟﺎﻏ

Dominant

ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ،(

نآ ﯽﻧاواﺮﻓ ﻪﮐ ﯽﯾﺎﻫ ﻦﯿﺑ ﺎﻫ

10 ﺎﺗ 2/

3

ﻪﺑ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺪﺻرد ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ناﻮﻨﻋ

) ﺐﻟﺎﻏ ﻪﻤﯿﻧ يﺎﻫ

Subdominant

ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ،(

نآ ﯽﻧاواﺮﻓ ﻪﮐ ﯽﯾﺎﻫ ﻦﯿﺑ ﺎﻫ

2/

3 ﺎﺗ 1 ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺪﺻرد

ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ناﻮﻨﻋ ) بﺎﯿﻤﮐ يﺎﻫ

ﻪﻧﻮﮔ و (Rare

نآ ﯽﻧاواﺮﻓ ﻪﮐ ﯽﯾﺎﻫ ﺘﻤﮐ ﺎﻫ

زا ﺮ 1 ﻪﺑ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺪﺻرد ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ناﻮﻨﻋ

رﺎﯿﺴﺑ يﺎﻫ

) بﺎﯿﻤﮐ

Subrare

ﯽﻣ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ( )ﺪﻧﻮﺷ

Weigmann, 1973

.(

ﺺﺧﺎﺷ عﻮﻨﺗ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ يا

مﺮﻧ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ و ﺖﺒﺛ ،شرﺎﻤﺷ ﻪﻧﺎﮔاﺪﺟ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺮﻫ داﺮﻓا داﺪﻌﺗ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻦﯾا ياﺮﺑ راﺰﻓا

SDR-4

)

Seaby & Henderson, 2006

ﺺﺧﺎﺷ .ﺪﺷ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ ( ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ يﺎﻫ

Species diversity

ﻪﻧﻮﮔ داﺪﻌﺗ) رد دﻮﺟﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ

،(ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﮏﯾ

Diversity

ﻪﻧﻮﮔ داﺪﻌﺗ) و (ﻪﯿﺣﺎﻧ ﮏﯾ رد دﻮﺟﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ

Species evenness

،ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺮﻫ ياﺮﺑ داﺮﻓا داﺪﻌﺗ)

ﺺﺧﺎﺷ (ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺮﻫ داﺮﻓا ﺖﺒﺴﻧ و ﯽﻧاواﺮﻓ يﺎﻫ

عﻮﻨﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ يا هﺪﺷ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا رد

ﻞﻣﺎﺷ

Shannon-Wiener

،

Margalef

،

McIntosh

و

Brillouin

.ﺖﺳا

ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ) ﯽﺘﺧاﻮﻨﮑﯾ يﺎﻫ

Evenness indices

(

ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﯽﻧاواﺮﻓ رد لدﺎﻌﺗ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﯽﺘﺧاﻮﻨﮑﯾ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﯽﻣ نﺎﯿﺑ ار ﺎﻫ

ﻪﻧﻮﮔ يﺎﻨﻏ ﻪﮐ ﯽﻌﻣاﻮﺟ ﻦﯿﺑ رد .ﺪﻨﮐ ﯾ يا

ﯽﻧﺎﺴﮑ

ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ،ﺪﻧراد ﺖﺧاﻮﻨﮑﯾ ﻪﮐ يا

ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦﯿﺑ داﺮﻓا ﯽﻧاواﺮﻓ نﺎﺴﮑﯾ ﻊﯾزﻮﺗ ياراد) ﺮﺗ ﻤﻫ ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ (ﺎﻫ

ﺶﯿﺑ عﻮﻨﺗ ﺎﯾ ﯽﻨﮕ يﺮﺗ

ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦﯿﺑ داﺮﻓا ﯽﻧاواﺮﻓ توﺎﻔﺘﻣ رﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﻊﯾزﻮﺗ ياراد) ﺖﺧاﻮﻨﮑﯾﺮﯿﻏ ﻪﮐ ﯽﻌﻣاﻮﺟ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ .دراد ﮕﻤﻫ ،ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ (ﺎﻫ

ﺎﯾ ﯽﻨ

ﺪﻧراد يﺮﺘﻤﮐ عﻮﻨﺗ

(Schowalter, 1996)

ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﯽﺘﺧاﻮﻨﮑﯾ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ياﺮﺑ ،ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا رد . ﺺﺧﺎﺷ زا ﺎﻫ

يﺎﻫ

McIntosh

،

Pielou J

،

Brillouin

و ﺮﻧ ردHeip

م .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا رﻮﮐﺬﻣ راﺰﻓا

هﺎﮕﺘﺴﯾز ﺖﻫﺎﺒﺷ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ) ﺎﻫ

Similarity index

(

ﯽﻤﯾﺪﻗ زا ﻪﮐ نﻮﺴﻧرﻮﺳ ﺖﻫﺎﺒﺷ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ و ﻦﯾﺮﺗ

هﺪﺷ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ ﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ،ﺖﺳا ﺖﻫﺎﺒﺷ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ يﺎﻫ

رﻮ

هﺎﮕﺘﺴﯾز ﺖﻫﺎﺒﺷ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ) ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ

Sorensen, 1948

.(

= SS

لﻮﻣﺮﻓ ﻦﯾا رد

Ss

،نﻮﺴﻧرﻮﺳ ﺖﻫﺎﺒﺷ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ : ﻪﻧﻮﮔ داﺪﻌﺗ :a

ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ رد دﻮﺟﻮﻣ كﺮﺘﺸﻣ يﺎﻫ وA

،B

داﺪﻌﺗ :b

ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ رد دﻮﺟﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ رد ﻪﮐA

،دراﺪﻧ دﻮﺟوB

ﻪﻧﻮﮔ داﺪﻌﺗ :c

ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ رد دﻮﺟﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ رد ﻪﮐB

A

ﯽﻣ ،دراﺪﻧ دﻮﺟو ﻪﻧﻮﮔ عﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﯽﺘﻗو ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﯾا .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

نﺎﺴﮑﯾ ﻼﻣﺎﮐ هﺎﮕﺘﺴﯾز ود يﺎﻫ .دﻮﺑ ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ ﮏﯾ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ

ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺐﯿﮐﺮﺗ رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﯽﻧاواﺮﻓ و يا

ﺎﻫ

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ يرادﺮﺑ

نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ رد ﻪﮐ ﯽﯾﺎﻫ ،ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ نﺎﻣﺮﮐ نﺎﺘﺳا ﯽﺑﻮﻨﺟ يﺎﻫ

160

هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ود زا دﺮﻓ

Encyrtidae

و

Pteromalidae

ﻊﻤﺟ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ و يروآ 61

ﻪﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﻣ دﺮﻓ 10

و ﺲﻨﺟ 16

هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ زا ﻪﻧﻮﮔ

Encyrtidae

و 99 ﻪﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﻣ دﺮﻓ 15

و ﺲﻨﺟ 24 هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ زا ﻪﻧﻮﮔ

Pteromalidae

ﯽﻣ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

لوﺪﺟ رد 2

هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ود يﺎﻫرﻮﺒﻧز ﯽﺒﺴﻧ ﯽﻧاواﺮﻓ ﺪﺻرد

Encyrtidae

و

Pteromalidae

ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ رد

ﻪﻧﻮﮔ نﺎﯿﻣ زا .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ هدروآ هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ زا ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﮏﯾ ،ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا رد هﺪﺷ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ يﺎﻫ

Encyrtidae

زا ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ود و

هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ

Pteromalidae

ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ناﻮﻨﻋ هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ زا ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻪﺳ ،ﺐﻟﺎﻏ

Pteromalidae

ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺶﺷ ،ﺐﻟﺎﻏ ﻪﻤﯿﻧ ي

(5)

هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ زا ﻪﻧﻮﮔ

Encyrtidae

ﺸﻫ و هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ زا ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺖ

Pteromalidae

ﻪﺑ هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ زا ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻪﻧ ،بﺎﯿﻤﮐ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ناﻮﻨﻋ

Encyrtidae

و 12 هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ زا ﻪﻧﻮﮔ

Pteromalidae

ﻪﺑ قﻮﻓ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ .ﺪﺷ ﯽﻓﺮﻌﻣ بﺎﯿﻤﮐ هدﺎﻌﻟا

ي

Ooencyrtus

telenomicida (Vassiliev)

هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ زا

Encyrtidae

ﺎﺑ 39 ) دﺮﻓ 3/

22

% ،ﺖﻓﺮﯿﺟ و ﻢﺑ زا ( ﻪﻧﻮﮔ

ي

Chlorocytus

spicatus (Walker)

ﺎﺑ 20 ) دﺮﻓ 1/

12

% ﻪﻧﻮﮔ و جﻮﻨﻬﮐ و ﻢﺑ زا ( ي

Halticoptera andriescui Mitroiu

ﺎﺑ 28 دﺮﻓ

) 16

% هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ زا ود ﺮﻫ ﺖﻓﺮﯿﺟ و جﻮﻨﻬﮐ زا (

Pteromalidae

ﺶﯿﺑ ياراد ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦﯿﺑ رد ﯽﻧاواﺮﻓ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ

ود ﻦﯾا يﺎﻫ

.ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ رد هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ

ﺎﺑ ﺐﻟﺎﻏاﺮﻓ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﮏﯾ ياراد ﻢﺑ نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ 30

و دﺮﻓ 17 قﻮﻓ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﯽﻣ بﺎﯿﻤﮐ هدﺎﻌﻟا عﻮﻤﺠﻣ رد و ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

75 دﺮﻓ

ﻊﻤﺟ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻦﯾا زا ياراد ﺖﻓﺮﯿﺟ نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ يروآ

10 قﻮﻓ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ بﺎﯿﻤﮐ هدﺎﻌﻟا ﺎﺑ

26 نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ و دﺮﻓ

قﻮﻓ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺖﻔﻫ و ﺐﻟﺎﻏاﺮﻓ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ود ياراد جﻮﻨﻬﮐ ﻤﺠﻣ رد و بﺎﯿﻤﮐ هدﺎﻌﻟا

عﻮ 57 ﯽﻣ دﺮﻓ نﺎﺟﻮﻨﻣ نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ زا .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

ﻪﻌﻠﻗ نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ و ﻪﻧﻮﮔ رﺎﻬﭼ زا دﺮﻓ رﺎﻬﭼ ﺰﯿﻧ ﻊﻤﺟ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﮏﯾ زا دﺮﻓ ﮏﯾ ﺞﻨﮔ

.ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ يروآ

لوﺪﺟ 2 - هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ود يﺎﻫرﻮﺒﻧز ﯽﺒﺴﻧ ﯽﻧاواﺮﻓ ﺪﺻرد

Encyrtidae

و

Pteromalidae

نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ لﺎﺳ رد نﺎﻣﺮﮐ نﺎﺘﺳا ﯽﺑﻮﻨﺟ يﺎﻫ يﺎﻫ

1395 و 1396

Table 2. Percentage of comparative abundance of Encyrtidae and Pteromalidae in studied areas in the southern of Kerman province during 2016 and 2017

Dominance scale Percentage of

abundance

Number of samples Species

Family

Number

Subrare 0.625 1

Blastothrix sp.

Encyrtidae

1

Subrare 0.625 1

Cerchysiella sp.

2

Subrare 0.625 1

Charitopus manukyani Sakhnov, 1993

3

Subrare 0.625 1

Cheiloneurus submuticus Thomson, 1876

4

Rare 1.875

3

Homalotylus flaminius (Dalman, 1820)

5

Rare 1.25

2

Homalotylus nigricornis Mercet, 1921

6

Rare 1.875

3

Homalotylus near platynaspidis

7

Subrare 0.625 1

Homalotylus quaylei Timberlake, 1919

8

Subrare 0.625 1

Leptomastix sp.

9

Subrare 0.625 1

Mayridia myrlea (Walker, 1838)

10

Subrare 0.625 1

Ooencyrtus sp. 1

11

Subrare 0.625 1

Ooencyrtus sp. 2

12

Rare 1.25

2

Ooencyrtus masii (Mercet, 1921)

13

Dominant 24.375 39

Ooencyrtus telenomicida (Vassiliev, 1904)

14

Subrare 0.625 1

Prionomitus tiliaris (Dalman, 1820)

15

Rare 1.25

2

Psyllaephagus claripes Trjapitzin, 1967

16

Subrare 0.625 1

Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard, 1881)

Pteromalidae

17

Subrare 0.625 1

Callitula bicolor Spinola, 1811

18

Rare 1.25

2

Catolaccus crassiceps (Masi, 1911)

19

Rare 1.875

3

Coelopisthia areolata Askew, 1980

20

Dominant 12.5 20

Chlorocytus spicatus (Walker, 1835)

21

Subdominant

3.75 6

Cyrtoptyx lichtensteini (Masi, 1922)

22

Dominant 17.5 28

Halticoptera andriescui Mitroiu, 2005

23

Subrare 0.625 1

Halticoptera circulus (Walker, 1833)

24

Rare 1.875

3

Homoporus apharetus (Walker, 1839)

25

Subdominant

6.25 10

Homoporus febriculosus (Girault, 1917)

26

Rare 1.25

2

Homoporus fulviventris (Walker, 1835)

27

Subrare 0.625 1

Ksenoplata quadrata Boucek, 1965

28

Subrare 0.625 1

Norbanus brevicornis Szelenyi, 1974

29

Rare 1.25

2

Norbanus meridionalis (Masi, 1922)

30

Subrare 0.625 1

Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Rondani, 1875)

31

Rare 1.25

2

Pachyneuron aphidis (Bouche, 1834)

32

Rare 1.25

2

Pachyneuron gibbiscuta Thomson, 1878

33

Subrare 0.625 1

Pachyneuron nelsoni Girault, 1928

34

Rare 1.25

2

Spalangia nigroaenea Curtis, 1839

35

Subrare 0.625 1

Sphegigaster ineus Mitroiu, 2008

36

Subdominant

3.75 6

Sphegigaster nigricornis (Nees, 1834)

37

Subrare 0.625 1

Sphegigaster pedunculiventris (Spinola, 1808)

38

Subrare 0.625 1

Systasis encyrtoides Walker, 1834

39

Subrare 0.625 1

Systasis parvula Thomson, 1876

40

(6)

ﺺﺧﺎﺷ عﻮﻨﺗ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ يا

ﺺﺧﺎﺷ يﺎﻫ عﻮﻨﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ يا ود يﺎﻫرﻮﺒﻧز هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ

Encyrtidae

و

Pteromalidae

رد ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ درﻮﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ي

نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ يﺎﻫ ﯽﺑﻮﻨﺟ نﺎﺘﺳا لوﺪﺟ رد نﺎﻣﺮﮐ 3

ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ .ﺖﺳا هﺪﻣآ ﻢﺑ ،ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﻦﯾا رد ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ يﺎﻫ

ﺎﺑ 22 ﺶﯿﺑ ياراد ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻪﻌﻠﻗ و ﻪﻧﻮﮔ داﺪﻌﺗ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ

ﺎﺑ ﺞﻨﮔ 1 نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﺮﯾﺎﺳ ﻦﯿﺑ رد ﻪﻧﻮﮔ داﺪﻌﺗ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﮐ ياراد ﻪﻧﻮﮔ يﺎﻫ

ﯽﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ .ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ

ﻫ يﺎ

Shannon-Wiener

،

Margalef

و

Brillouin

نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﺮﯾﺎﺳ ﻦﯿﺑ رد ﻢﺑ

عﻮﻨﺗ زا ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ

ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ .دﻮﺑ رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﯽﯾﻻﺎﺑ يا

McIntosh

ياراد ﺖﻓﺮﯿﺟ نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ

عﻮﻨﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﯽﻣ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺮﯾﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ يﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ يا ﺶﯿﺑ ﻢﺑ نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ نآ زا ﺪﻌﺑ و ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

عﻮﻨﺗ راﺪﻘﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ ﮔ

ﻪﻧﻮ ﻪﺑ ار يا

لوﺪﺟ) ﺖﺳا هداد صﺎﺼﺘﺧا دﻮﺧ 3

.(

لوﺪﺟ 3 ﺺﺧﺎﺷ عﻮﻨﺗ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﺎﻔﻟآ يا يﺎﻫ

Encyrtidae

و

Pteromalidae

ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ رد ي

نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ نﺎﻣﺮﮐ نﺎﺘﺳا ﯽﺑﻮﻨﺟ يﺎﻫ

Table 3. Alpha diversity indices of Encyrtidae and Pteromalidae in studied areas in southern of Kerman province

Alpha diversity indices Species diversity of Encyrtidae and Pteromalidae in studied areas

Bam Jiroft Kahnuj Ghaleh ganj Manujan

Species Number 22 11 11 1 4

Shannon Wiener 2.325^a 2.197^b 1.562^c 0^e 1.386^d

Margalef D 4.864^a 3.53^b 2.507^c 0^e 2.164^d

McIntosh 0.6349^c 0.7155^b 0.5216^d 0^e 1^a

Brillouin 1.985^a 1.608^b 1.3412^c 0^e 0.7945^d

Different letters, within a row, are significantly different (a randomisation test with 10,000 re-samples, P < 0.05)

ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﯽﺘﺧاﻮﻨﮑﯾ يﺎﻫ

ﺺﺧﺎﺷ يﺎﻫ ﯽﺘﺧاﻮﻨﮑﯾ يﺎﻫرﻮﺒﻧز

هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ود

Encyrtidae

و

Pteromalidae

رد ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ درﻮﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ي

نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ يﺎﻫ ﯽﺑﻮﻨﺟ نﺎﺘﺳا لوﺪﺟ رد نﺎﻣﺮﮐ 4

ﺺﺧﺎﺷ سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ .ﺖﺳا هﺪﻣآ

Pielou J (All Samples)

ياراد ﻢﺑ

ﺶﯿﺑ ﯽﺘﺧاﻮﻨﮑﯾ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ و ﺖﺳا ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺮﯾﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ يﺮﺗ

يﺎﻫ

McIntosh

و ار نﺎﺟﻮﻨﻣ Heip

ﺖﺧاﻮﻨﮑﯾ ﯽﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺮﯾﺎﺳ نﺎﯿﻣ رد ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ﺪﻨﻫد

Brillouin

ﺖﻓﺮﯿﺟ

ﺖﺧاﻮﻨﮑﯾ نﺎﺟﻮﻨﻣ و ﯽﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺮﯾﺎﺳ زا ﺮﺗ

ﺪﺟ) ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ لو

4 .(

لوﺪﺟ 4 - ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﯽﺧﺮﺑ هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ رد ﯽﺘﺧاﻮﻨﮑﯾ يﺎﻫ

يﺎﻫ

Encyrtidae

و

Pteromalidae

ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ رد ي

نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ نﺎﻣﺮﮐ نﺎﺘﺳا ﯽﺑﻮﻨﺟ يﺎﻫ

Table 4. Species evenness of Encyrtidae and Pteromalidae in studied areas in southern of Kerman province

Species evenness Species evenness of Encyrtidae and Pteromalidae in studied areas

Bam Jiroft Kahnuj Ghaleh ganj Manujan

Pielou J (All Samples) 0.6304^a 0.5955^b 0.4233^c 0^e 0.3758^d

McIntosh 0.7138^c 0.8924^b 0.6452^d 0^e 1^a

Brillouin 0.7445^c 0.9313^b 0.6396^d 0^e 1^a

Heip 0.4396^c 0.7996^b 0.3767^d 0^e 1^a

Different letters, within a row, are significantly different (a randomisation test with 10,000 re-samples, P < 0.05)

هﺎﮕﺘﺴﯾز ﺖﻫﺎﺒﺷ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺎﻫ

(7)

ﺎﺑ هﺎﮕﺘﺴﯾز ﺖﻫﺎﺒﺷ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ،ﺎﻫ

ﺖﻫﺎﺒﺷ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺎﺑ جﻮﻨﻬﮐ و ﺖﻓﺮﯿﺟ يﺎﻫ 13

/0 ﺶﯿﺑ ﺖﻫﺎﺒﺷ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ

و ﻢﺑ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ود ﻪﮐ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﯾا ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ﺪﻧداد نﺎﺸﻧ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺮﯾﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ار ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ود ﻦﯿﺑ رادﻮﻤﻧ) ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد ﺮﮕﯾﺪﮑﯾ ﺎﺑ (ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺮﯾﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ) ار ﺖﻫﺎﺒﺷ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﮐ جﻮﻨﻬﮐ 1

.(

ﻞﮑﺷ 1 - هﺎﮕﺘﺴﯾز ﺖﻫﺎﺒﺷ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ

يﺎﻫ

Encyrtidae

و

Pteromalidae

نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ .نﺎﻣﺮﮐ نﺎﺘﺳا ﯽﺑﻮﻨﺟ يﺎﻫ

Fig. 1. Similarity index of different habitats of Encyrtidae and Pteromalidae in studied areas in southern of Kerman province

ﺚﺤﺑ

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا رد يرادﺮﺑ

لﺎﺳ رد ﯽﯾﺎﻫ يﺎﻫ

1395 و 1396 ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ رد ﺰﯿﻟﺎﻣ ﻪﻠﺗ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ

نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ،هرود ﻦﯾا رد .ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ نﺎﻣﺮﮐ نﺎﺘﺳا ﯽﺑﻮﻨﺟ يﺎﻫ 160

هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ود زا دﺮﻓ

Encyrtidae

و

Pteromalidae

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد .ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ و هﺪﺷ يزﺎﺳاﺪﺟ يرادﺮﺑ

ﺶﯿﺑ ،ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ يﺎﻫ و ﻦﯾﺮﺗ

ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ داﺪﻌﺗ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ

ﻪﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا رد ،ﺪﺷ ﺮﮐذ ﻪﮑﻧﺎﻨﭼ .دﻮﺑ جﻮﻨﻬﮐ نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ و ﻢﺑ نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﻣ

ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ ي

O. telenomicida

Encyrtidae

ﻪﻧﻮﮔ و يﺎﻫ

C. spicatus

و

H. andrescui

Pteromalidae

ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ناﻮﻨﻋ نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ زا ﺐﻟﺎﻏ يﺎﻫ

.ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﯽﻓﺮﻌﻣ نﺎﻣﺮﮐ نﺎﺘﺳا ﯽﺑﻮﻨﺟ يﺎﻫ ﯿﯾﻮﺘﯾزارﺎﭘ لوا ﻪﻧﻮﮔ

ﺪ

ﻦﺳ يﺎﻫ

Aelia rostrata Boheman

،

Carpocoris fuscispinus (Boheman)

،

Dolycoris baccarum (L.)

،

Nezara

viridula (L.)

ﺲﮕﻣ ﺪﯿﯾﻮﺘﯾزارﺎﭘ مود ﻪﻧﻮﮔ و ﺮﮕﯾد تﺎﻓآ زا يدﺎﯾز داﺪﻌﺗ و يﺎﻫ

Phytomyza flavicornis

FallénLithocolletis platani

و

Melanagromyza angelicae (Frost)

ﺐﺷ و هﺮﭘ

Phyllonorycter platani

(Staudinger)

ﯽﻣ ) ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ

Noyes, 2019

ﻣ ور ﻦﯾا زا .(

ﯽ ﺖﺴﯾز ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﻔﮔ ناﻮﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ

ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ يﺎﻫ

ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦﯾا ،هﺪﺷ ﯽﻣ ﺎﻫ

ﻪﺑ و ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻞﯿﺧد يزروﺎﺸﮐ ﻢﻬﻣ تﺎﻓآ ندﺮﺑ ﻦﯿﺑ زا ﺖﻬﺟ ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ رد يدﺮﺑرﺎﮐ ترﻮﺻ

ﻫ يﺎ

ﺺﺧﺎﺷ سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ .ﺪﻧﺮﯿﮔ راﺮﻗ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا درﻮﻣ تﺎﻓآ ﮏﯾژﻮﻟﻮﯿﺑ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ يﺎﻫ

Shannon-Wiener

،

Margalef

و

Brillouin

ﺷ نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬ عﻮﻨﺗ زا ،ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺮﯾﺎﺳ ﻦﯿﺑ رد ﺖﻓﺮﯿﺟ نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ نآ زا ﺪﻌﺑ و ﻢﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ

رﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﯽﯾﻻﺎﺑ يا راد

ﺺﺧﺎﺷ سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﻪﻌﻠﻗ نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ هﺪﺷ ﺮﮐذ يﺎﻫ

عﻮﻨﺗ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﮐ ياراد ﺞﻨﮔ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ

ﻣ ﺮﯾﺎﺳ ﻦﯿﺑ رد يا ﻖﻃﺎﻨ

0.088

0.06

0.077

0.13

0.077

0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14

Bam & Jiroft Bam & Kahnuj Bam & Manujan Jiroft & Kahnuj Jiroft & Ghaleh ganj

Similarity Index

Studied Areas

(8)

ﺖﯿﺒﻟﺎﻏ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ .دﻮﺑ هﺪﺷ ﺮﮐذ

McIntosh

ﺮﯿﺟ نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ عﻮﻨﺗ ياراد ﺖﻓ

ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺮﯾﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ يﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ يا

و هدﻮﺑ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺶﯿﺑ ﻢﺑ نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ نآ زا ﺪﻌﺑ

عﻮﻨﺗ راﺪﻘﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ

ﻪﺘﮑﻧ ﻦﯾا ﺮﮐذ .ﺖﺳا هداد صﺎﺼﺘﺧا دﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ار يا

عﻮﻨﺗ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا يروﺮﺿ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ

ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﯾا رد ﻪﮐ يا ،ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ هداد صﺎﺼﺘﺧا نﺎﺟﻮﻨﻣ نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ

ﻞﯿﻟد ﻪﺑ ﺎﻓﺮﺻ ﻊﻤﺟ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ رﺎﻬﭼ ندﻮﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﮏﺗ ﯽﺗرﺎﺒﻋ ﻪﺑ و ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻢﮐ داﺪﻌﺗ

ﯽﻣ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﻦﯾا زا هﺪﺷ يروآ ﺷﺎﺑ

.ﺪ

ﺶﯿﺑ ياراد ﻪﮐ ﺞﻨﮔ ﻪﻌﻠﻗ و ﻢﺑ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ عﺎﻔﺗرا فﻼﺘﺧا ﻪﻧﻮﮔ عﻮﻨﺗ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﮐ و ﻦﯾﺮﺗ

ﯽﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ،ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ يا ﺪﻫد

رد ﻪﮐ

ﯽﻣ ﺎﯾرد زا ﺢﻄﺳ زا عﺎﻔﺗرا ،ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ

ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ زا ﯽﮑﯾ ناﻮﻨﻋ عﻮﻨﺗ دﺎﺠﯾا

ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺷﺎﺑ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﻦﯾا رد يا .ﺪ

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﮐ ،ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﯾا رد هﺪﺷ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﺎﺑ ﯽﻓﺮﻃ زا نﺎﮑﻣ ﻦﯾا رد يرادﺮﺑ

رﻮﺻ ﺎﻫ ت

ﯽﻣ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻢﺳ ﻪﮐ ﯽﻘﻃﺎﻨﻣ) ﺮﮑﺑ ﻊﺗاﺮﻣ و ﯽﻫﺎﯿﮔ ﺶﺷﻮﭘ عﻮﻨﺗ ﻪﮐ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ ناﻮﺗ ﺻ ﺎﺠﻧآ رد يﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﯽﺷﺎﭘ

ترﻮ

ﯽﻣ ﺰﯿﻧ (ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻨﻧاﻮﺗ

ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ زا ﺪ عﻮﻨﺗ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا رد ﻢﻬﻣ

ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺎﺑ عﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻦﯾا ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ ﺮﮐذ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ يا

ﯽﺤﻣ دراد ﺖﻘﺑﺎﻄﻣ نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و يدﺎﺑآ )

Mahyabadi et al., 2017; Gahari & Sakenin, 2018

(.

نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ رد ﯽﻓﺮﻃ زا

عﻮﻨﺘﻣ ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ نﺎﻨﻤﺷد دﻮﺟو ور ﻦﯾا زا .دراد دﻮﺟو ﯽﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺖﻓآ ،عﻮﻨﺘﻣ يزروﺎﺸﮐ تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺖﺷﺎﮐ ﻞﯿﻟد ﻪﺑ ﻢﺑ لﺎﺳ رد هﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺎﺑ عﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻦﯾا ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﯽﻣ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ نﺎﺑﺰﯿﻣ دﻮﺟو ﻪﯿﺠﺘﻧ رد 2008

دراد ﺖﻘﺑﺎﻄﻣ

)

Rakhshani et al., 2008

.(

ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﯽﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﺎﻫ ﺪﻫد

ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗﺎﺑ

Pielou J (All sample)

ياراد ﻢﺑ نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ

ﺶﯿﺑ ﯽﺘﺧاﻮﻨﮑﯾ ﺒﺴﻧ يﺮﺗ

ﯽﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺮﯾﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺖ ﯽﻣ سﺎﺳا ﻦﯾا ﺮﺑ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

ﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ ناﻮﺗ فﻼﺧ ﺮ

ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺮﯾﺎﺳ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ داﺪﻌﺗ ،ﺎﻫ

ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ رد ﻢﻬﻣ ﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﮏﯾ

Pielou J (All sample)

ﯽﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ تﺎﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

اد ﺎﺑ ﻢﺑ ﻪﮐد 22

ﺖﺧاﻮﻨﮑﯾ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺎﺑ جﻮﻨﻬﮐ و ﺖﻓﺮﯿﺟ ،نآ زا ﺲﭘ و ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ

12 و 11 ﯽﺘﺧاﻮﻨﮑﯾ ياراد ﻪﻧﻮﮔ

ﺶﯿﺑ ﯽﻣ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺮﯾﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ يﺮﺗ ﯽﻣ ﺮﻣا ﻦﯾا ﻞﯿﻟد .ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ

ﺑ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ رد ﻢﺑ نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ عﻮﻨﺘﻣ ﯽﻫﺎﯿﮔ ﺶﺷﻮﭘ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﺎ

ﺺﺧﺎﺷ سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺮﯾﺎﺳ

Brillouin

نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﺟ و نﺎﺟﻮﻨﻣ يﺎﻫ ﺖﺧاﻮﻨﮑﯾ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺮﯾﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﻓﺮﯿ

ﺗ ﺮ

ﻪﺑ نﺎﺟﻮﻨﻣ نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﯽﺘﺧاﻮﻨﮑﯾ .ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻊﻤﺟ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ و ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻢﮐ داﺪﻌﺗ ﻞﯿﻟد

ﻪﺑ .ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻦﯾا زا هﺪﺷ يروآ

ﺖﺧاﻮﻨﮑﯾ دﺮﻓ رﺎﻬﭼ و ﻪﻧﻮﮔ رﺎﻬﭼ ﺎﺑ نﺎﺟﻮﻨﻣ ﺮﮕﯾد ترﺎﺒﻋ ﯽﻣ ور ﻦﯾا زا .داد نﺎﺸﻧ ار ﻦﮑﻤﻣ ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ

ﺠﯿﺘﻧ ناﻮﺗ ﻪ

ﺮﺑ ﯽﺟﻮﻠﯿﭘ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﯽﺘﺧاﻮﻨﮑﯾ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ يا

ﯽﻣ ﺮﺗ ﺷ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺖﻫﺎﺒ

هﺎﮕﺘﺴﯾز نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ،ﺎﻫ ﺖﻫﺎﺒﺷ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺎﺑ جﻮﻨﻬﮐ و ﺖﻓﺮﯿﺟ يﺎﻫ

13 /0 ﺶﯿﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ار ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ود ﻦﯿﺑ ﺖﻫﺎﺒﺷ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻞﯿﻟد ﻪﺑ ﺖﻫﺎﺒﺷ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻦﯾا .ﺪﻧداد نﺎﺸﻧ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺮﯾﺎﺳ ﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ زا يرادﺮﺑ

ﯿﺟ نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﻒ ﺖﻓﺮ

ﻦﯿﺑ ﺎﯾرد ﺢﻄﺳ زا عﺎﻔﺗرا ﻪﻨﻣاد ﺎﺑ 650

ﺎﺗ 2390 عﺎﻔﺗرا ﻪﻨﻣاد ﺎﺑ جﻮﻨﻬﮐ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ و ﺮﺘﻣ 490

ﺎﺗ 690 ﯽﻣ ﺮﺘﻣ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

ﯽﻣ رﺎﻈﺘﻧا ور ﻦﯾا زا ﻪﻧﻮﮔ دﻮﺟو ﻞﯿﻟد ﻪﺑ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ود ﺖﻫﺎﺒﺷ دور

ﻊﻤﺟ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ عﺎﻔﺗرا ﺎﺑ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ زا ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﯽﯾﺎﻫ آ

يرو

هﺪﺷ ﻧﺎﯿﺑ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﯾا ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ﺪﻧا عﺎﻔﺗرا فﻼﺘﺧا ﺎﺑ نﺎﺟﻮﻨﻣ و ﻢﺑ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ود ﻦﯿﺑ ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﺖﻫﺎﺒﺷ ﺮﮕ

1600 ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺮﺘﻣ

ﺮﯾﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﻮﮔ داﺪﻌﺗ ندﻮﺑ دوﺪﺤﻣ ﻞﯿﻟد ﻪﺑ ﺖﻫﺎﺒﺷ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﻦﯾا ﺖﺳا ﻦﮑﻤﻣ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

ﻪﻧ ﻊﻤﺟ يﺎﻫ -

سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ ﺮﮐذ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ود ﯽﯾاﻮﻫ و بآ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ توﺎﻔﺗ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ و نﺎﺟﻮﻨﻣ نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ زا هﺪﺷ يروآ وﮋﭘ

ﺶﻫ

ﯽﻣ هﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا يﻻﺎﺑ تﺎﻋﺎﻔﺗرا ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ ناﻮﺗ

1500 هداﻮﻧﺎﺧود يﺎﻫرﻮﺒﻧز ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺮﺘﻣ

Pteromalidae

و

Encyrtidae

ﯽﻣ .ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ

ﺳﺎﭙﺳ يراﺰﮕ

ﮏﻤﮐ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﻠﻋﺎﺿررﻮﭘ سﺪﻨﻬﻣ يﺎﻗآ بﺎﻨﺟ و يﺰﯿﮕﻨﭼ ﻢﻧﺎﺧ رﺎﮐﺮﺳ زا نﺎﮔﺪﻨﺴﯾﻮﻧ رد نﺎﺷﺪﻨﻤﺷزرا يﺎﻫ

ﻊﻤﺟ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ يروآ ﺎﻫ

ﯽﻣ ﯽﻧادرﺪﻗ و ﺮﮑﺸﺗ ﻪﻧﺎﻤﯿﻤﺻ .ﺪﻨﯾﺎﻤﻧ

References

(9)

Abolhassanzadeh, F., Lotfalizadeh, H. ; Madjdzadeh, S. M. (2017) Updated checklist of Pteromali- dae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Iran, with some new records. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 3(2), 119-140.

Abolmasoumi, N., Talebi, A. A., Rakhshani, E. & Lotfalizadeh, H. (2010) Study on faunistic, biodiversity and host rates of (Hym., Aphelinidae) in some parts of Markazi and Lorestan provinces, Iran. Journal of Entomological Research 2(1), 1-12. [In Persian with English summary].

Bouček, Z. & Rasplus, J. Y. (1991) Illustrated key to west-Palaearctic genera of Pteromalidae: Hyme- noptera-Chalcidoidea. INRA, Versailles, France, 144pp.

Debach, P. & Rosen, D. (1991) Biological control by natural enemies, 2 ^edn., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 456pp.

Desjardins, C. A., Regier, J. C. & Mitter, C. (2007) Phylogeny of pteromalid parasitic wasps (Hy- menoptera: Pteromalidae): Initial evidence from four protein-coding nuclear genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 45, 454–469.

Fallahzadeh, M. & Japoshvili, G. (2017) An updated checklist of Iranian Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea). Zootaxa, 4344(1), 1-46.

Ghahari, H. & Sakenin, H. (2018) pecies diversity of Chalcidoidea and Ichneumonoidea (Hymenop- tera) in some paddy fields and surrounding grasslands of Mazandaran and Guilan provinces, northern Iran. Applied Plant Protection 7(1), 11-19. [In Persian with English summary].

Graham, M. W. R. de V. (1969) The Pteromalidae of North-western Europe (Hymenoptera: Chal- cidoidea). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology) Supplement, 16, 1–908.

Greathead, D. J. (1986) Parasitoids in classical biological control, pp. 289-318. In: Waage, J. and Greathead, D. (Eds.). Insect parasitoids. Academic Press, London, 389pp.

Grissell, E. E. & Schauff, M. E. (1990) A handbook of the families of Nearctic Chalcidoidea (Hyme- noptera). Entomological Society of Washington Handbook No1:85pp.

Japoshvili, G. & Noyes, J. S. (2006) New records of Encyrtids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from Europe. Entomology Review 81(1), 218–225.

Kuchaki, A., Mahdavi Damghani, A., Kamkar, B., Farsi, M., Rezvani Moghadam, P. & Barzegar, A. B. (2005) Agriculture biodiversity. Ferdowsi Mashhad University Publishing, Mashhad. [In Persian with English summary].

Lotfalizadeh, H., Bayegan, Z. A. & Zargaran, M. R. (2016) Species Diversity of Chalcidoidea (Hy- menoptera) in the Rice Fields of Iran. Journal of the Entomological Research Society 18(1), 99- 111.

Lotfalizadeh, H., Pourhaji, A. & Zargaran, M. R. (2015) Hymenopterous parasitoids (Hymenoptera:

Braconidae, Eulophidae, Pteromalidae) of the alfalfa leafminers in Iran and their diversity. Far Eastern Entomologist 299, 1-24.

Lotfalizadeh, H., Zargaran, M. R. & Taghizadeh, M. (2014) Speceis diversity of Coccoidea parasitoids wasps (Hym: Chalcidoidea) in the northern parts of East-Azarbaijan province, Iran. North- Western Journal of Zoology 10(1), 60-66.

Mahyabadi, M., Khayrandish, M. & Takalloozadeh, H. M. (2017) Species diversity of parasitoid wasps of Ichneumoniformes (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) in Jiroft county, Kerman province, Iran. Entomology and Phytopatology 85(2), 191-202. [In Persian with English summary].

(10)

Noyes, J. S. (2019) Universal Chalcidoidea Database. World Wide Web electronic publication. Avail- able from: http://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/data/chalcidoids/ database.

Noyes, J. S. & Hayat, M. (1984) A review ofthe genera of Indo-Pacific Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera:

Chalcidoidea). Bulletin ofthe British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology), 48, 131-395.

Noyes, J. S. & Hayat, M. (1994) Oriental mealybug parasitoids of the Anagyrini (Hymenoptera: En- cyrtidae). CAB International, Oxon, UK. 554pp.

Noyes, J. S. & Valentine, E. W. (1989) Fauna of New Zealand 18, Chalcidoidea (Insecta: Hymenop- tera) – introduction, and review of genera in smaller families. DSIR Publishing, Wellington, New Zealand. 91pp.

Noyes, J. S., Woolley, J. B. & Zolnerowich, G. (1997) Encyrtidae. pp. 170-320 in Gibson, G. A. P., Huber, J. T & Woolley, J. B. (Eds) Annotated keys of the genera of Nearctic Chalcidoidea (Hy- menoptera). 794 pp. National Research Council Research Press, Ottawa, Canada.

Oertli, B., Biggs, J., Cereghino, R., Grillas, P., Jojy, P. & Lachavanna, J. B. (2005) Conservation and monitoring of pond biodiversity: introduction. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 15(6), 535-540.

Rakhshani, E., Tomanovi, Ž., Stary, P., Talebi, A. A, Kavallieratos, N. G., Zamani, A. A. (2008) Distribution and diversity of wheat aphid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) in Iran. European Journal of Entomology 105(5), 863-870.

Sárospataki, M., Novák, J. & Molnár, V. (2005) Assessing the threatened status of bumble bee species (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Hungary, Central Europe. Biodiversity and Conservation 14(10), 2437-2446.

Seaby, R. M. & Henderson, P. A. (2006) Species Diversity and Richness. Version 4, Pisces Conser- vation Ltd, Lymington, England.

Schowalter, T. D. (2016) Insect Ecology, an Ecosystem Approach. Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier, 762pp.

Sorenson, T. (1948) A method of establishing groups of equal amplitude in plant sociology based on similarity of species and its application to analyses of the vegetation on Danish commons. Biolo- giske Skrifter/ Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab 5, 1-34.

Trjapitzin, V. A. (1989) Parasitic Hymenoptera of the Fam. Encyrtidae of Palaearctics. In: Opredel- iteli po Faune SSSR. Vol. 158. Zoologicheskim Institutom Akademii Nauk SSR, Leningrad, pp.

1–489.

Weigmann, G. (1973) ZurOkologie der Collembolen und Oribatidenim Grenzbereich Land-Merr (Col- lembola, Insecta-Oribatei, Acari). Wissenschaftliche Zoologie 186, 295-391.

Zhang, Y. & Huang, D. (2004) A review and an illustrated key to genera of Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera:

Chalcidoidea) from China. Science Press, Beijing, China. 166 pp.