ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﭘ ﮋ و ﻫ ﺸ ﯽ
جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﻦﻏور
زا ﻪﻧاد ي اﺰﻠﮐ هاﺮﻤﻫ ﺎﺑ
گﺮﺑ ز ﯾ نﻮﺘ ﺎﺑ شور سﺮﭘ
دﺮﺳ و
ﺳرﺮﺑ ﯽ و ﯾ ﮔﮋ ﯽ ﺎﻫ ي ﮐ ﯿﻔ ﯽ نآ
ﺮﮐ زﺎﻤﻟﻮﺳ ﯾ
ﻞﮔرﻮﭘ ﻢ ﻔﺳ
ﯿﺪ
1
ي ﺪﺻ ، ﯾ ﻣد دﺮﻣدازآ ﻒ ﯿ
ﭼﺮ
2
ﯽ
1 - ﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ي ﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ ﯽ ﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ و مﻮﻠﻋ ﻪﺘﺷر ﺪﺷرا ﯽ
ﺎﻨﺻ ﯾ اﺬﻏ ﻊ ﯾ ﯽ زروﺎﺸﮐ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ، ي
ﺮﺒﺗ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ، ﯾ
ﺮﺒﺗ ،ﺰ ﯾ ا ،ﺰ ﯾ ناﺮ
- 2 ﺎﻨﺻ و مﻮﻠﻋ هوﺮﮔ دﺎﺘﺳا ﯾ
اﺬﻏ ﻊ ﯾ ﯽ زروﺎﺸﮐ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ، ي
ﺮﺒﺗ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ، ﯾ
ﺮﺒﺗ ،ﺰ ﯾ ا ،ﺰ ﯾ ناﺮ
) رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ رد ﯾ ﺖﻓﺎ : 14 / 01 / 99 رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ ﺬﭘ ﯾ شﺮ : 14 / 04 / 99 (
ﮑﭼ ﯿ هﺪ
ا رد ﯾ گﺮﺑ زا ،ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦ زﯾ
ﻨﻏ ﻪﮐ نﻮﺘ ﯽ ﮐﺮﺗ زا ﯿ ﻠﻨﻓ تﺎﺒ ﯽ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳا ﻨﻏ ﻊﺒﻨﻣ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﯽ
ﺘﻧآ زا ﯽ ﺴﮐا ﯿ ناﺪ ﺎﻫ ي ﺒﻃ ﯿﻌ ﯽ ﻃرد ﯽ ﻪﻧاد زﺎﻨﻏور جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﺎﻫ
ي ﻪﺑ اﺰﻠﮐ
ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا دﺮﺳ سﺮﭘ شور .ا
ﯾ ﺪﺟ شور ﻦ ﯾ
اﺮﺑ ،ﺪ ي اﺰﻓا ﯾ ﮐﺮﺗ ﺶ ﯿ ز تﺎﺒ ﯾ ﺘﺳد و لﺎﻌﻓ ﺖﺴ ﯿﺑﺎ
ﯽ ﺎﭘ ﺮﺜﮐاﺪﺣ ﻪﺑ ﯾ
راﺪ ي رﺎﮔﺪﻧﺎﻣ و ي ﺖﻓﺮﮔ مﺎﺠﻧا ﻦﻏور .
ﻪﻧاد
ز گﺮﺑ ﺎﺑ اﺰﻠﮐ ﯾ
حﻮﻄﺳ رد نﻮﺘ ﺮﻔﺻ
) لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ (
، 5/
2 ، 5 ، 5/
7 و 10 جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا دﺮﺳ سﺮﭘ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ طﻮﻠﺨﻣ زا ﻦﻏور ﺲﭙﺳ و ﺪﺷ طﻮﻠﺨﻣ ﺪﺻرد
ﺪﺷ . ﺎﻫرﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ ي ﮐ ﯿﻔ ﯽ ﻦﻏور رد ﺎﻫ ي ﺟاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﯽ ﻟﻮﺗ زور رد ﯿ
ﺮﻫ ﻞﺻاﻮﻓ رد و ﺪ 30
ﻃ زور ﯽ 90 راﺪﻬﮕﻧ زور ي
ﺎﻣد رد ي ﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ ،قﺎﺗا ﯽ
راﺮﻗ
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ . ﺎﺘﻧ ﻖﺒﻃ ﯾ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ،هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ﺞ ﺎﻫ
ي اراد ي ز گﺮﺑ راﺪﻘﻣ ﯾ
اراد ،ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ نﻮﺘ ي
ﮐﺮﺗ ﯿ ﻠﻨﻓ تﺎﺒ ﯽ ﺑ ﯿ ﺶ ﺮﺗ ي ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ . ﻃ رد ﯽ راﺪﻬﮕﻧ ي ﺳا ﯿﺪ ﯾ دﺪﻋ و ﻪﺘ
ﺴﮐاﺮﭘ ﯿ اﺰﻓا ﺪ ﯾ ﻟو ،ﺶ ﯽ ﮐﺮﺗ راﺪﻘﻣ ﯿ ﻠﻨﻓ تﺎﺒ ﯽ ﭘ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﯿ دﺮﮐ اﺪ .ﺑ ﯿ ﺶ ﺮﺗ ﯾ ﺴﮐاﺮﭘ دﺪﻋ راﺪﻘﻣ ﻦ ﯿ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺪ ﺎﻫ
ي وﺎﺣ ي ﺎﻫﺪﺻرد ي ﺎﭘ ﯾﯿ ز گﺮﺑ ﻦ ﯾ دﻮﺑ نﻮﺘ .
وﺎﺣ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ي 10 ز گﺮﺑ ﺪﺻرد ﯾ
ﺑ نﻮﺘ ﯿ ﺶ ﺮﺗ ﯾ ﺳا راﺪﻘﻣ ﻦ ﯿﺪ
ﯾ ﺎﻘﻣ رد ار ﻪﺘ ﯾ
ﺎﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴ ﯾ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺮ ﺖﺷاد ﺎﻫ . ﺎﺘﻧ ﻞﮐ رد ﯾ اﺰﻠﮐ ﻦﻏور ﻪﮐ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺞ ي
زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ
ز گﺮﺑ ﺎﺑ هاﺮﻤﻫ اﺰﻠﮐ ﻪﻧاد سﺮﭘ ﯾ
ﻟﻮﺗ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ نﻮﺘ ﯿ
ﻨﻏور ﺪ ﯽ ﻨﻏ ﯽ ﮐﺮﺗ زا ﯿ ﻠﻨﻓ تﺎﺒ ﯽ ز ﻦﻏور ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ و ﯾ
ﻣ ﺮﮑﺑ نﻮﺘ ﯿ ز ﻦﻏور ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﮐ دﻮﺸ ﯾ
ﻧ نﻮﺘ ﯿ اراد ﺰ ي
ﺳا ﯿ ﺎﻫﺪ ي ﻟ بﺮﭼ ﯿ ﻟﻮﻨ ﻨﯿ ﮏ ) ﺎﮕﻣا 3 ( ﺑﯿ ﺮﺘﺸ ي ﻣ و ﺖﺳا ﯽ اﺰﻓا ﺖﻣﻼﺳ لﻮﺼﺤﻣ ناﻮﻨﻌﺑ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ي
ﺪﺟ ﯾ ﻓﺮﻌﻣ رازﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺪ ﯽ
دﻮﺷ . ﺎﺘﻧ ﻞﮐ رد ﯾ نﺎﺸﻧ هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ﺞ
ز گﺮﺑ طﻮﻠﺨﻣ زا ﻦﻏور جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﻪﮐ داد ﯾ
ﻟﻮﺗ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ اﺰﻠﮐ ﻪﻧاد ﺎﺑ نﻮﺘ ﯿ
ﻨﻏور ﺪ ﯽ ﻨﻏ ﯽ ﮐﺮﺗ زا ﯿ ز تﺎﺒ ﯾ ﻣ لﺎﻌﻓ ﺖﺴ ﯽ
ﻣ ﻪﮐ دﻮﺷ ﯿ ﻟﻮﺼﺤﻣ ناﻮﻨﻌﺑ ﺪﻧاﻮﺘ ﯽ
ﺪﺟ ﯾ ﺪ
ﻓﺮﻌﻣ رازﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ ﯽ
دﻮﺷ .
ﻠﮐ ﯿ نﺎﮔژاو ﺪ : ﮐﺮﺗ ﯿ ز تﺎﺒ ﯾ ز گﺮﺑ ،لﺎﻌﻓ ﺖﺴ ﯾ
دﺮﺳ سﺮﭘ ،اﺰﻠﮐ ﻦﻏور ،نﻮﺘ
لﻮﺌﺴﻣ
تﺎﺒﺗﺎﮑﻣ :
1 - ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ
ﺑﺮﭼ ﯽ ﻦﻏور و ﺎﻫ اﺬﻏ داﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ
ﯾ ﯽ اراد ي دﺎﺼﺘﻗا شزرا ي
ﻻﺎﺑ
ﺴﺑ نﺎﻣز زا ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﯿ
رود رﺎ ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ اﺰﺟا زا ي ﻠﺻا ﯽ ﻢﻬﻣ و
ﮑﺸﺗ ﯿ هﺪﻨﻫد ﻞ ي اﺬﻏ ي ﺎﻫﻻﺎﮐ هوﺮﮔ رد و هدﻮﺑ نﺎﺴﻧا ي
ﻓﺮﺼﻣ ﯽ
روﺮﺿ ي ﺪﻧراد راﺮﻗ .
ﺑﺮﭼ ﯽ ﻦﻏور و ﺎﻫ ﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻊﺒﻨﻣ ﺎﻫ
ﯽ ژﺮﻧا زا ي
اﺬﻏ ﯾ ﯽ و و هدﻮﺑ ﯾ
ﻣﺎﺘ ﯿ ﻦ ﺎﻫ ي ﺑﺮﭼ رد لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﯽ
ﻣﺎﺗ رد ﻪﮐ ﯿ
ﻦ
ﻤﻬﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ نﺎﺴﻧا ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﯽ
ﺮﻃ زا ﺪﻧراد هﺪﻬﻋ ﻪﺑ ار ﯾ
فﺮﺼﻣ ﻖ
اﯾ ﻣ نﺪﺑ ﻪﺑ داﻮﻣ ﻦ ﯽ
ﺪﻨﺳر . ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﯿ ا ﻦ ﯾ اراد داﻮﻣ ﻦ ي
و ﯾ ﮔﮋ ﯽ ﺎﻫ ي
رﺎﮐ ي ﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐ ناور ﻞﻤﻋ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﯽ
ﺲﺳ عاﻮﻧا رد نﺪﻣآرو و ﺎﻫ
ﻤﺧ ﯿ اﺬﻏ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ رد و ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺮ ﯾ
ﯽ فﺮﺼﻣ ﻪﺑ هدﺮﺘﺴﮔ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ
ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻨﺳر ] 1 .[
اﺰﻠﮐ ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ ﻪﻧاد زا ﺎﻫ ي ﻨﻏور ﯽ ﻧد ﻢﻬﻣ ﯿ ﻮﺳ زا ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﮐ هدﻮﺑ ﺎ ﯾ
و ﺎ
ﻣﺎﺗ رد ار مﻮﺳ مﺎﻘﻣ ﻢﻟﺎﭘ ﯿ
ﺗﺎﺒﻧ ﻦﻏور ﻦ ﯽ
هداد صﺎﺼﺘﺧا دﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ
ﺖﺳا . ﻣﯿ ز ناﺰ ﯾ اﺰﻠﮐ ﻪﻧاد رد ﻦﻏور دﺎ ﮐﺮﺗ و
ﯿ ﺳا ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺐ ﯿ
ﺎﻫﺪ ي
نآ بﺮﭼ )
ﺳا ﯿ ﺌﻟوا ﺪ ﯿ ﮏ 56
% ﺳا،
ﯿ ﻟ ﺪ ﯿ ﺌﻟﻮﻨ ﯿ ﮏ 5/
21 % ﺳا و ﯿ ﺪ
ﻟﯿ ﻨﻟﻮﻨ ﯿ ﮏ 8 (%
ﺎﻫرﻮﺸﮐ ﺮﺜﮐا ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺐﺒﺳ ، ي
ا ﻪﺑ نﺎﻬﺟ ﯾ
ﻪﻧاد ﻦ
ﻨﻏور ﯽ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ]
2 .[
ﻻﺎﺑ ﺢﻄﺳ ي ﺑﺮﭼ ﯽ ﺎﻫ ي ﻏ ﯿ ﺳا و عﺎﺒﺷاﺮ ﯿ
ﺎﻫﺪ ي ﺎﮕﻣا بﺮﭼ 3
و
ﺎﮕﻣا 6 ا رد ﯾ ﺮﺗﺮﺑ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻦﻏور ﻦ ي
ﺎﺳ ﺮﺑ نآ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﯾ
ﺮ
ﺑﺮﭼ ﯽ ﻫ ﻦﻏور و ﺎ ﺎﻫ
ي ﮔ ﯿ ﻫﺎ ﯽ ﺣ و ﯿ ﻧاﻮ ﯽ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ .
ﮐﺮﺗ ﯿ تﺎﺒ
زﯾ ﻟ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ اﺰﻠﮐ ﻦﻏور رد لﺎﻌﻓ ﺖﺴ ﯿﭙﯿ
ﺎﻫﺪ ي ﺒﻄﻗ ﯽ لوﺮﻓﻮﮐﻮﺗ ، ،ﺎﻫ
لوﺮﺘﺳا ﻮﻨﺗورﺎﮐ ،ﺎﻫ ﯾﯿ
ﮐﺮﺗ و ﺎﻫﺪ ﯿ ﻠﻨﻓ تﺎﺒ ﯽ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ] 3 .[
هﺪﻤﻋ ﺮﺗ ﯾ ﮐﺮﺗ ﻦ ﯿ ز ﺐ ﯾ ﺳ اﺰﻠﮐ رد دﻮﺟﻮﻣ لﺎﻌﻓ ﺖﺴ ﯿ
ﭘﺎﻨ ﯿ ﺳا ﮏ ﯿ ﺪ
ﻣ ﯽ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ 80
% ﮐﺮﺗ ﯿ ﻠﻨﻓ تﺎﺒ ﯽ ﮑﺸﺗ اﺰﻠﮐ رد ار ﯿ
ﻣ ﻞ ﯽ ﺪﻫد
ﻣ اﺬﻏداﻮﻣ فﺮﺼ ﯾ
ﯽ ﺛﺎﺗ ﯿ ﻤﻬﻣ ﺮ ﯽ ﺘﻣﻼﺳ ﺮﺑ ﯽ ﺘﺳرﺪﻨﺗ و ﯽ
نﺎﺴﻧا
دراد . ﮐﺮﺗ ﯿ ز تﺎﺒ ﯾ اﺬﻏ لﺎﻌﻓ ﺖﺴ ﯾ
ﯽ ﮐﺮﺗ ، ﯿ ﺒﻃ تﺎﺒ ﯿﻌ ﯽ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ
اراد ي ﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﯿ ﺑ ﺖ ﯿ ژﻮﻟﻮ ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ ﻀﻌﺑ رد و هدﻮﺑ ﯽ
شزرا دراﻮﻣ زا
ﺬﻐﺗ ﯾﻪ ا ي ﺪﻧراد ﻢﻫ .ا ﯾ ﮐﺮﺗ ﻦ ﯿ ﻟد ﻪﺑ تﺎﺒ ﯿ ﺎﺗ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻞ ﯾﯿ
نآ هﺪﺷ ﺪ ﺎﻫ
ا ﺮﺑ هوﻼﻋ و نﺎﺴﻧا ﻮﻤﻧ و ﺪﺷر رد ﯾ
ﻫﺎﮐ رد ﻦ ﺑ ﺮﻄﺧ ﺶ ﯿ رﺎﻤ ي ،ﺎﻫ
ﻤﻫا ﯿ ﺴﺑ ﺖ ﯿ رﺎ ي ا و ﺖﻣﻼﺳ رد ﯾ
ﻨﻤ ﯽ ا ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﯾ ﻣ ﺎﻔ ﯽ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ] 4 .[
ﯾ
ﮑ ﯽ ﮔ زا ﯿ وﺎﺣ و ﺖﻌﻨﺻ رد ﺪﻨﻣدﻮﺳ نﺎﻫﺎ ي
ﺘﻧآ ﯽ ﺴﮐا ﯿ ناﺪ ﺎﻫ ي
ﻮﻗ ي ز ﯾ ﻣ نﻮﺘ ﯽ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﭘ مﺎﻤﺗ ﯿ ور هﺮﮑ ﯾ ﺸ ﯽ از و ﯾ ﺸ ﯽ ز ﯾ اراد نﻮﺘ ي
ﺖﺳا هﺮﺛﻮﻣ داﻮﻣ .
ﻣﯿ ز ﻦﻏور و هﻮ ﯾ
اراد نﻮﺘ ي وراد شزرا ﯾ
ﯽ
ﺪﻗ زا و هدﻮﺑ ﯾ
ﻻا و ﻢ ﯾ مﺎ ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ درﻮﻣ .
گﺮﺑ
زﯾ ﻧ نﻮﺘ ﯿ ﺰ ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ ناواﺮﻓ زا ﺮﺗ
ﯾ ﺒﻧﺎﺟ تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﻦ ﯽ
زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ
ز ﺖﺸﮐ ﯾ ﻣ نﻮﺘ ﯽ ﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﯽ
ﻌﺒﻨﻣ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﯽ
ﮐﺮﺗ زا ﯿ تﺎﺒ
زﯾ ﺒﻃ لﺎﻌﻓ ﺖﺴ ﯿﻌ
ﯽ ددﺮﮔ بﻮﺴﺤﻣ ]
5 .[
ﺰﮔﺮﺑ ﯾ ﮐﺮﺗ يوﺎﺤﻧﻮﺘ ﯿ
ﻠﻨﻓ تﺎﺒ ﯽ ﻨﭘﺮﺗ ، ﯽ ﮐﺮﺗ و ﯿ رد لﻮﻠﺤﻣ تﺎﺒ
ﺑﺮﭼ ﯽ ) ﻮﮐﻮﺗﺎﻔﻟآ ،ﻦﺗورﺎﮐ ﺎﺘﺑ ،ﻦﻟاﻮﮑﺳا ﺳﺎﺘﺑ ،لوﺮﻓ
ﯿ و لوﺮﺘﺳﻮﺘ
ﻞﮑﻟا ﺎﻫ ي ﻄﺧ ﯽ ﻣآ ﺎﻔﻟآ ، ﯿ ﺪ ﯾ ﻣآ ﺎﺘﺑ ،ﻦ ﯿ ﺪ ﯾ و ﻦ (...
ﻫﻮﺑﺮﮐ،
ﯿ تارﺪ ،ﺎﻫ
ﺳا ﯿ ﺎﻫﺪ ي ﻣآ ﯿ و ،ﻪﻨ ﯾ ﻣﺎﺘ ﯿ ﻦ ﻧﺪﻌﻣ داﻮﻣ ،ﺎﻫ ﯽ
ﻏ و ﯿ ﺖﺳا هﺮ ] 6 .[
گﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ي ز ﯾ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ نﻮﺘ ﯾ
ﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻦ ﯿ ﺘﻧآ ﺖ ﯽ ﺴﮐا ﯿ ﻧاﺪ ﯽ ترﺪﻗ و
ﮔﯿ ﮔﺪﻧﺮ ﯽ دار ﯾ لﺎﮑ ﺑ رد ار دازآ يﺎﻫ ﯿ
ﺶﺨﺑ ﻦ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ
ز ﺖﺧرد ﯾ ﺪﻧراد نﻮﺘ .
گﺮﺑ زﯾ ﺎﺿ ءﺰﺟ نﻮﺘ ﯾ
زروﺎﺸﮐ تﺎﻌ ي
ﻣ بﻮﺴﺤﻣ ﯽ
ﻣ ﻊﻤﺟ سﺮﻫ لﻮﻃ رد ﻪﮐ دﻮﺷ ﯽ
ﻤﻫ و ددﺮﮔ ﯿ
ﻪﺸ
اﺬﻏ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ي
ﻣ راﺮﻗ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا درﻮﻣ ماد ﯽ
ﮔﯿ دﺮ ] 7 .[
ﻠﺻا ﯽ ﺮﺗ ﯾ ﻦ
ﮐﺮﺗ ﯿ ز تﺎﺒ ﯾ ز گﺮﺑ رد لﺎﻌﻓ ﺖﺴ ﯾ
لﻮﻨﻓ نﻮﺘ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻪﮐ هدﻮﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﺌﭘورﻮﺌﻟوا ﯿ ﻫ ،ﻦ ﯿ ﺴﮐورﺪ ﯽ ﺎﺗ ﯾ زﻮﮑﺳﺎﺑرو ،لوزوﺮ ﯾ
ﭘآ ،ﺪ ﯽ ﻧژ ﯿ ﻦ - 7 -
زﻮﮐﻮﻠﮔ ﯾ ﺌﻟﻮﺌﺗﻮﻟ و ﺪ ﯿ
ﻦ - 7 - زﻮﮐﻮﻠﮔ ﯾ ﻣ ﺪ ﯽ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ] 8 .[
اﯾ ﮐﺮﺗ ﻦ ﯿ تﺎﺒ
ﻤﻬﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ ﯽ
لوﺮﺘﺴﻠﮑﺸﻫﺎﮐ ،نﻮﺧ رﺎﺸﻓ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ رد ]
9 [ و
ﺳ زا ﺖﻈﻓﺎﺤﻣ ﯿ
ﻢﺘﺴ ﺎﻫ ي ﺒﻠﻗ ﯽ ﻗوﺮﻋ و ﯽ دراد ] 10 .[
عﻮﻤﺠﻣ رد
ز گﺮﺑ هرﺎﺼﻋ ﯾ
اﺮﺑ نﻮﺘ ي ﺴﺑ نﺎﻣرد ﯿ رﺎ ي ﺑ زا ﯿ رﺎﻤ ي رﺎﮐ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﻣ ﯽ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ دور ي
ز گﺮﺑ هرﺎﺼﻋ ،هﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ ﻪﮐ ﯾ
اراد نﻮﺘ ي
آ صاﻮﺧ ﺘﻧ ﯽ ﺴﮐا ﯿ ﻧاﺪ ﯽ ﻟﺎﻌﻓ ، ﯿ ﻣﺪﺿ ﺖ ﯿ ﺑوﺮﮑ ﯽ و ، ﯾ ﮔﮋ ﯽ ﺎﻫ ي ﺪﺿ
ﺖﺳا قوﺮﻋ هﺪﻨﻨﮐ دﺎﺸﮔ و HIV ]
11 .[
ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ ﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ زا ي
ﻟﻮﺗ ﯿ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا شور ،ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ لﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺪ
ﻣ بﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﯽ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﮐ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﯿﻔ
ﯽ ﻤﮐ و ﯽ ﮐﺮﺗ ﯿ ز تﺎﺒ ﯾ لﺎﻌﻓ ﺖﺴ
ﮔ داﻮﻣ ﯿ ﻫﺎ ﯽ ﮏﻤﮐ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا شور بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﻪﺑ
ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻨﮐ ] 9 .[
سﺮﭘ شور ﻪﺑ ﻦﻏور جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ،دﺮﺳ
ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ زا
ﺷ ﯿ هﻮ ﺎﻫ ﯾ ﯽ ﭘ و ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺎﻘﺗرا رد ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﯿ
ﺶ ﮔﯿ ﺮ ي ﺳآ زا ﯿ ﺐ ﺎﻫ ي
ﺴﮐا ﯿ ﺗاﺪ ﯿ ﺷﺎﻧ ﻮ ﯽ دار زا ﯾ لﺎﮑ ﻤﻬﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ ﺎﻫ ﯽ
ا ﯾ ﻣ ﺎﻔ ﯽ ﺪﻨﮐ ] 12 .[
راﺪﻘﻣ
ﺘﻧآ ﯽ ﺴﮐا ﯿ ﻟﻮﺗ ﻦﻏور رد دﻮﺟﻮﻣ لﺎﻌﻓ ﺖﺴﯾز تﺎﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ و ناﺪ ﯿ
ﺪ
ﺧ دﺮﺳ سﺮﭘ شور ﻪﺑ هﺪﺷ ﯿﻠ
ﯽ ﺑ ﯿ ﻨﻏور زا ﺮﺘﺸ ﯽ
ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا
دﯾ شور ﺮﮕ ﻟﻮﺗ ﺎﻫ ﯿ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﺪ .
ﺎﺟ ﻪﺑ دﺮﺳ سﺮﭘ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ي
ﺎﺳ ﯾ شور ﺮ ﺎﻫ ي ﻣ ،ﻦﻏور جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﯽ
ﻟﻮﺗ ﺐﺒﺳ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﯿ
ﻨﻏور ﺪ ﯽ
ﻮﺑ و ﮓﻧر و هدﺎﻌﻟا قﻮﻓ ﻢﻌﻃ ﺎﺑ ي
ﺒﻃ ﯿﻌ ﯽ ﻧ و ﯿ وﺎﺣ ﺰ ي ﻃ ﯿ ﻒ
هدﺮﺘﺴﮔ ا ي دﺎﺼﺘﻗا ظﺎﺤﻟ زا و دﻮﺷ شزرا ﺮﭘ داﻮﻣ زا ي
ﻪﻓﺮﺻ ﻪﺑ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﺘﻧآ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﯽ
ﺴﮐا ﯿ ناﺪ ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ هار زا ﺎﻫ ي زا ﻦﻏور ﺖﻈﻓﺎﺤﻣ
ﺴﮐا ﯿ ﺳاﺪ ﯿﻮ ﻣ ن ﯽ ﺎﺠﻧآ زا ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﯾ
ﯽ ﺘﻧآ ﺮﺜﮐا ﻪﮐ ﯽ
ﺴﮐا ﯿ ناﺪ ﺎﻫ ي درﻮﻣ
ﺎﻨﺻ رد هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﯾ
اﺬﻏ ﻊ ﯾ ﯽ ﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ، ﯽ اﺮﺑ و ي ﺘﻣﻼﺳ ﯽ ﺮﻀﻣ
ﻣ ﯽ ﺎﻤﺗ اﺬﻟ ،ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﯾ
ﺎﺟ ﻪﺑ ﻞ ﯾ ﺰﮕ ﯾﻨ ﯽ نآ ﮐﺮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ﯿ ﺒﻃ تﺎﺒ ﯿﻌ ﯽ ،ﻢﻟﺎﺳ
روﺮﺿ ي ﺖﺳا . ز گﺮﺑ ﯾ ﻟد ﻪﺑ نﻮﺘ ﯿ
تاﺮﺛا ندﻮﺑ اراد ﻞ
ﺘﻧآ ﯽ ﺴﮐا ﯿ ﻧاﺪ ﯽ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ،ﻻﺎﺑ ﯾ
ﺰﮔ ﮏ ﯾ ﺎﻤﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﻨ ر
ﻣ ﯽ دور ] 13 .[
ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ شور زا ﻣﺎﻫ ﯽ ز گﺮﺑ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﯾ
نﻮﺘ
ﻪﻧاد ﺎﺑ هاﺮﻤﻫ ﺎﻫ
ي ﻃ رد ﻦﻏور ﯽ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ سﺮﭘ ﺎﺑ ﻦﻏور جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا
ﻃ رد ﻪﮐ ﯽ ﮐﺮﺗ سﺮﭘ ﯿ
ز تﺎﺒ ﯾ گﺮﺑ لﺎﻌﻓ ﺖﺴ ﻧ ﺎﻫ
ﯿ ﻦﻏور ﺎﺑ ﺰ
ﻪﻧاد ﺎﻫ ي ﻨﻏور ﯽ هزاﺪﻧا ﺎﺗ ا ي ﻣ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا و هﺪﺷ ﻞﺣ ﯽ
ﻪﮐ ددﺮﮔ
ﻣ ﯽ ﻨﻏور ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﯽ
ﺎﭘ ﯾ ﻟﻮﺗ ﺪﻨﻣدﻮﺳاﺮﻓ و راﺪ ﯿ
ﺪﻨﮐ ﺪ . ا زا فﺪﻫ اﺬﻟ ﯾ
ﻦ
ﺳرﺮﺑ ،ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﯽ
ﺛﺎﺗ ﯿ ﺘﻧآ صاﻮﺧ ﺮ ﯽ
ﺴﮐا ﯿ ﻧاﺪ ﯽ ز گﺮﺑ ﯾ ﺮﺑ نﻮﺘ
ﮐﺮﺗ و اﺰﻠﮐ ﻦﻏور ﯿ
ز تﺎﺒ ﯾ رﺎﮔﺪﻧﺎﻣ و لﺎﻌﻓ ﺖﺴ ي
ﻣ نآ ﯽ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
2 - شور و داﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ
2 - 1 - ﻟوا داﻮﻣ ﯿﻪ
ﻪﻧاد ي ﻠﺤﻣ رازﺎﺑ زا اﺰﻠﮐ ﯽ
ا ﯾ ﭽﺨﻠ ﯽ ﺎﺑرذآ نﺎﺘﺳا رد ﯾ
ﻗﺮﺷ نﺎﺠ ﯽ
ﺮﺧ ﯾ راﺪ ي ﺪﺷ . گﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ي ز ﯾ ﻧ نﻮﺘ ﯿ ﻊﻤﺟ رﺎﺑدور نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ زا ﺰ
روآ ي ﻠﮐ و هﺪﺷ ﯿ ﺷ داﻮﻣ ﻪ ﯿﻤ ﯿﺎ ﯾ ﯽ ا رد هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا درﻮﻣ ﯾ
ﻘﺤﺗ ﻦ ﯿ زا ﻖ
ﺖﮐﺮﺷ ﺎﻫ ي ﺳ و كﺮﻣ ﯿ
ﺰﺠﺗ صﻮﻠﺧ ﻪﺟرد ﺎﺑ ﺎﻤﮕ ﯾﻪ
ا ي ﻬﺗ ﯿ ﻪ
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ .
2 - 2 - ﻦﻏور جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا
اﺪﺘﺑا 9 ﮐ ﯿ ﻪﻧاد ﻮﻠ ي ﺼﻟﺎﺧﺎﻧ زا و لﺎﺑﺮﻏاﺰﻠﮐ ﯽ
ﺎﻫ ي ﻟﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﯽ ﻤﺗ ﯿ ﺰ
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ . گﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ي ز ﯾ ﻧ نﻮﺘ ﯿ ﻟﻮﻣ ﺎﺑ اﺪﺘﺑا ﺰ ﯿ
ﮑﻨ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ و دﺮﺧ ﺲ
ﻪﻧاد ﻪﺑ هﺪﺷ دﺮﺧ ﺎﻫ
ي ﺮﻔﺻ حﻮﻄﺳ رد اﺰﻠﮐ )
لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ (
،
5/
2 ، 5 ، 5/
7 و 10 دﺮﺳ سﺮﭘ شور ﻪﺑ ﻦﻏور ﺲﭙﺳ و ﻪﻓﺎﺿا
ﺪﺷ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا .
ﺎﻣزآ مﺎﺠﻧا ﺖﻬﺟ ،ﻦﻏور جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا زا ﺪﻌﺑ ﯾ
ﺶ ،ﺎﻫ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ي ﺤﻣ رد ﻦﻏور ﯿ
رﺎﺗ ﻂ ﯾ ﺎﻣد رد ﮏ ي
تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ قﺎﺗا 90
راﺪﻬﮕﻧ زور ي
دﺮﮔ ﯾ ﺎﻫزور رد و ﺪ ي
1 ، 30 ، 60 و 90 ،
نﻮﻣزآ ﺎﻫ ي ﮐ ﯿﻔ ﯽ ﮐﺮﺗ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﯿ
ﻠﻨﻓ تﺎﺒ ﯽ ﺳا ، ﯿ ﺪ ﯾ ﺴﮐاﺮﭘ ،ﻪﺘ ﯿ و ﺪ
ور لﺎﺷ نﻮﻣزآ ي
نآ ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا ﺎﻫ .
2 - 3 - ﺳا ﯿ ﺪ ﯾ ﻪﺘ
25 ﻣ ﯿﻠ ﯽ ﻟﯿ ﺎﺑ ار لﻮﻧﺎﺗا ﺮﺘ 25
ﻣ ﯿﻠ ﯽ ﻟﯿ و هدﺮﮐ طﻮﻠﺨﻣ مﺮﻓوﺮﻠﮐ ﺮﺘ
ﺲﭙﺳ 4 - 3 ﺌﻟﺎﺘﻓ ﻞﻨﻓ هﺮﻄﻗ ﯿ
ﺜﻨﺧ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻦ ﯽ
زﺎﺳ ي طﻮﻠﺨﻣ ﻪﺑ
لﻮﻧﺎﺗا - ﺪﺷ ﻪﻓﺎﺿا مﺮﻓوﺮﻠﮐ .
لﻮﻧﺎﺗا طﻮﻠﺨﻣ ندوﺰﻓا -
ﻪﺑ مﺮﻓوﺮﻠﮐ
5/
2 دﺪﺠﻣ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺲﭙﺳ و ﻦﻏور مﺮﮔ 4
- 3 ﻞﻨﻓ هﺮﻄﻗ
ﺌﻟﺎﺘﻓ ﯿ ﺪﺷ ﻪﻓﺎﺿا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ طﻮﻠﺨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻦ .
ﺗﯿ ﺳاﺮﺘ ﯿ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﺎﺑ نﻮ
ﻫﯿ ﺴﮐورﺪ ﯿ ﺪﺳ ﺪ ﯾ ﻢ 01 /0 ﺗرﻮﺻ ﮓﻧر رﻮﻬﻇ ﺎﺗ لﺎﻣﺮﻧ ﯽ
مﺎﺠﻧا
ﺪﺷ ] 14 .[
2 - 4 - ﺴﮐاﺮﭘ دﺪﻋ ﯿ
ﺪ
راﺪﻘﻣ 5/
2 رد ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ مﺮﮔ ﯾ
ﺎﻣ ﻦﻟرا ﮏ ﯾ
هدﺎﺒﻤﺳ برد ﺮ ا
ي زﻮﺗ ﯾ ﻦ
ﺪﺷ . 30 ﻣ ﯿﻠ ﯽ ﻟﯿ ﺳا طﻮﻠﺨﻣ زا ﺮﺘ ﯿ
ﺘﺳا ﺪ ﯿ ﮏ - ﺲﭙﺳ و مﺮﻓوﺮﻠﮐ 5/
0
ﻣﯿ ﻠ ﯽ ﻟﯿ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﺮﺘ ﯾﺪ
ﯾ ﺳﺎﺘﭘ ﺪ ﯿ و ﺖﺸﮔ هدوﺰﻓا نآ ﻪﺑ عﺎﺒﺷا ﻢ
ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺷاﺬﮔ نآ شﻮﭘرد .
ندوﺰﻓا زا ﺪﻌﺑ ﯾﺪ
ﯾ ﺳﺎﺘﭘ ﺪ ﯿ طﻮﻠﺨﻣ ،ﻢ
ﻪﻠﺻﺎﺣ تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ 1 ﻗد ﯿ رﺎﺗ رد ﻪﻘ ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ راﺪﻬﮕﻧ ي ﺪﺷ . ا زا ﺪﻌﺑ ﯾ ﻦ
،ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ 30 ﻣ ﯿﻠ ﯽ ﻟﯿ و ﺮﻄﻘﻣ بآ ﺮﺘ 5/
0 ﻣ ﯿﻠ ﯽ ﻟﯿ ﻪﺘﺳﺎﺸﻧ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﺮﺘ
ﻧﯿ ﺗ ﺎﺑ و ﻪﻓﺎﺿا ﺰ ﯿ
ﺪﺳ تﺎﻔﻟﻮﺳﻮ ﯾ
ﻢ 01 /0 ﺑ ﺎﺗ لﺎﻣﺮﻧ ﯽ
نﺪﺷ ﮓﻧر
ﻨﻏور ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﯽ
ﺗ ﯿ ﺳاﺮﺘ ﯿ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ نﻮ .
ﻤﻫ ﯿ اﺮﺑ ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ ﻦ ي
ﻧ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﯿ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ نآ رد ﻪﮐ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ مﺎﺠﻧا ﺰ ﻨﻏور
ﯽ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا
ﻤﻧ ﯽ ﻟو ددﺮﮔ ﯽ ﺎﺳ ﯾ ﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ ﺮ ﯽ
دﻮﺷ ] 15 .[
2 - 5 - هزاﺪﻧا ﮔﯿ ﺮ ي ﮐﺮﺗ ﯿ ﻠﻨﻓ تﺎﺒ ﯽ ﻞﮐ
اﺮﺑ ي ﮔ هزاﺪﻧا ﯿﺮ ي ﮐﺮﺗ ﯿ ﻠﻨﻓ تﺎﺒ ﯽ ، 2 ﻪﻟﻮﻟ رد ﻦﻏور مﺮﮔ
ﺮﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﯾ و نزو ژﻮﻔ 5/
2 ﻣ ﯿﻠ ﯽ ﻟﯿ و ﺪﺷ ﻪﻓﺎﺿا نآ ﻪﺑ لﺎﻣﺮﻧ ناﺰﮕﻫ ﺮﺘ
تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ 1 ﻗد ﯿ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ ﺲﮑﺗرو ﻪﻘ .
ﺲﭙﺳ 5/
2 ﻣ ﯿﻠ ﯽ ﻟﯿ ﺮﺘ
ﻣ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ بآ ﻪﺑ لﻮﻧﺎﺘ )
80 ﺳ ﯽ ﺳ ﯽ و لﻮﻧﺎﺘﻣ 20
ﺳ ﯽ ﺳ ﯽ بآ (
تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ و ﻪﻓﺎﺿا 5
ﻗد ﯿ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻘ 5000
ﻗد رد رود ﯿ
ﻪﻘ
ﺮﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﯾ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ ژﻮﻔ .
ﻻﺎﺑ ﻦﻏور زﺎﻓ ﯾ
ﯽ و جرﺎﺧ ﮓﻧﺮﺳ ﺎﺑ
ﺮﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﻟﻮﻟ رد ﯾ
د ژﻮﻔ ﯾ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﺮﮕ .
زﺎﺳاﺪﺟ زا ﺪﻌﺑ ي
زﺎﻓ
ﻨﻏور ﯽ ،بآ زا 5/
2 ﻣ ﯿﻠ ﯽ ﻟﯿ لﻮﻧﺎﺘﻣ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﺮﺘ -
و ﻪﻓﺎﺿا نآ ﻪﺑ بآ
ﻣ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺑﺎﺸ ي
ﺮﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ نﺎﻣز و رود ﺎﺑ لوا ﯾ
ﺖﺸﮔ ژﻮﻔ .
اﯾ ﻞﻤﻋ ﻦ ﯾ د رﺎﺒﮑ ﯾ ﻨﻏور زﺎﻓ ﺲﭙﺳ و ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا ﺮﮕ ﯽ
و اﺪﺟ
ﺎﻫزﺎﻓ ي ﺑآ ﯽ راﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﻪﻧﺎﮔاﺪﺟ ي
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ . ﺎﻫزﺎﻓ ي ﺑآ ﯽ راﺪﻬﮕﻧ ي
ﻤﺠﺣ ﻦﻟﺎﺑ رد هﺪﺷ ﯽ
50 ﻣ ﯿﻠ ﯽ ﻟﯿ ﺮﺘ ي ﺲﭙﺳ و طﻮﻠﺨﻣ ﻢﻫ ﺎﺑ
و هﺪﺷ فﺎﺻ 5/
2 ﻣ ﯿﻠ ﯽ ﻟﯿ ﻟﻮﻓ فﺮﻌﻣ ﺮﺘ ﯿ
ﺳ ﻦ ﯿ نآ ﻪﺑ ﻮﭽﻟﺎﮐﻮ ﻪﻓﺎﺿا
ﺪﺷ . ﺲﭙﺳ 5 ﻣ ﯿﻠ ﯽ ﻟﯿ ﺪﺳ تﺎﻨﺑﺮﮐ ﺮﺘ ﯾ
ﺑآ زﺎﻓ ﻪﺑ عﺎﺒﺷا ﻢ ﯽ
زا ﺪﻌﺑ 3
ﻗد ﯿ ﻢﺠﺣ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻄﻘﻣ بآ ﺎﺑ و هدوﺰﻓا ﻪﻘ 50
ﻣ ﯿﻠ ﯽ ﻟﯿ ﺪﺷ هﺪﻧﺎﺳر ﺮﺘ .
زا ﺪﻌﺑ 1 راﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ ي
رﺎﺗ نﺎﮑﻣ رد ﯾ
ﺎﻣد رد و ﮏ ي
،قﺎﺗا
جﻮﻣ لﻮﻃ رد نآ بﺬﺟ 725
ﺪﺷ هﺪﻧاﻮﺧ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ رد ﺮﺘﻣﻮﻧﺎﻧ .
ﮐﺮﺗ راﺪﻘﻣ ﯿ ﻠﻨﻓ تﺎﺒ ﯽ ﻣ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺮﺑ ﯿﻠ
ﯽ ﮐ رد مﺮﮔ ﯿ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ مﺮﮔﻮﻠ
ور زا ﺮﺑ ﻦﻏور ي
ﻨﺤﻨﻣ ﯽ ﺪﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا ]
16 .[
2 - 6 - لﺎﺷ نﻮﻣزآ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺮﻫ زا 20
ﻪﺘﺷاﺬﮔ رد نوﺪﺑ فوﺮﻇ رد و هدﺮﮐ نزو مﺮﮔ
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ . ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ 10
ﺎﻣد ﺖﺤﺗ نوآ رد زور ي
65 ﻪﺟرد
ﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﯽ ﺴﮐاﺮﭘ دﺪﻋ زور ﺮﻫ و ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ داﺮﮔ ﯿ
نآ ﺪ درﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ
ﺳرﺮﺑ ﯽ ﺮﻗ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ را . ﻪﻄﻘﻧ ي ﺎﭘ ﯾﻧﺎ ﯽ ﮐﺪﻧا نﻮﻣزآ ﯽ
ﺎﭘ ﯾﯿ ﻦ زا ﺮﺗ
ﺎﺴﮐا ﯾ ﺎﻬﻧ ﺶ ﯾ ﯽ دﻮﺑ لﻮﺼﺤﻣ ]
17 .[
2 - 7 - ﻟﺎﻧآ ﯿ رﺎﻣآ ﺰ ي
ا رد ﯾ ﻘﺤﺗ ﻦ ﯿ رﺎﻣآ حﺮﻃ زا ﻖ ي
ﻓدﺎﺼﺗ ﻼﻣﺎﮐ ﯽ
ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا هدﺎﺳ .
ﺎﻣزآ ﯾ ﺶ ﻣ و ﺪﻧﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا راﺮﮑﺗ ﻪﺳ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ﯿ
ﮕﻧﺎ ﯿ ﻌﻣ فاﺮﺤﻧا و ﻦ ﯿ
رﺎ
ﺖﺸﮔ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ .
ﻧآ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﻟﺎﯿ
ﺰ
راو ﯾ ﺲﻧﺎ ﻠﺤﺗ ﯿ اﺮﺑ و هﺪﺷ ﻞ ي
ﻌﺗ ﯿﯿ ﺑ فﻼﺘﺧا ﻦ ﯿ
ﻣ ﻦ ﯿ ﮕﻧﺎ ﯿ ﻦ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﻨﻣاد ﺪﻨﭼ نﻮﻣزآ زا ﺎﻫ ا
ي ﺢﻄﺳ رد ﻦﮑﻧاد 5
) % 0.05
<
(p
ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا .
اﺮﺑ ي ا ﯾ راﺰﻓا مﺮﻧ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻦ SPSS (2016)
درﻮﻣ1
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا .
3 - ﺎﺘﻧ ﯾ ﺚﺤﺑ و ﺞ
3 - 1 - ﺳا ﯿ ﺪ ﯾ ﻪﺘ
ﺑﺮﭼ ﯽ ﮐارﻮﺧ يﺎﻫ ﯽ
ﺣ زا ﻢﻋا ﯿ ﻧاﻮ ﯽ ﺗﺎﺒﻧ و ﯽ ﻌﻣ راﺪﻘﻣ ياراد ﯿ
و ﻦ
ﺰﺟ ﯾ ﯽ ﺳا زا ﯿ ﺎﻫﺪ ي ﻟو ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ دازآ بﺮﭼ ﯽ
ﺮﺛا رد ﺖﺳا ﻦﮑﻤﻣ
ﻫ ﺶﻨﮐاو نداد خر و دﺎﺴﻓ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﯿ
ﻟورﺪ ﯿ ا ﺰ ﯾ ﺪﺣ زا راﺪﻘﻣ ﻦ
ﻌﻣ ﯿ ﺎﻤﻧ زوﺎﺠﺗ ﻦ ﯾﺪ
. اﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﯾ ﺳا ﻦ ﯿ ﺪ ﯾ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا ﻪﺘ ﺎﻫ
ﯾ ﯽ ﺖﺳا
ﺨﺸﺗ رد ﻪﮐ ﯿ
ﻦﻏور رد دﺎﺴﻓ ﺺ ﺑﺮﭼ و ﺎﻫ
ﯽ ﺎﻫ ﮏﻤﮐ
ﻣ ﯽ ﺎﻤﻧ ﯾ ﺪﻨ ] 18 .[
ا رد ﯾ ﺎﺘﻧ ،ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦ ﯾ
ﺪﺻرد ﻪﮐ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺞ
ﺳا ﯿ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد دازآ بﺮﭼﺪ ﺎﻫ
ي وﺎﺣ ي ز گﺮﺑ ﯾ اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ نﻮﺘ ﯾ
ﺶ
ز گﺮﺑ ﺪﺻرد ﯾ
اﺰﻓا نﻮﺘ ﯾ ﻣ ﺶ ﯽ ﯾ زا و ﺪﺑﺎ 9/
1 ﻪﺑ 2/
7 ﺳر ﯿ ﺪ . رد
ﻃ ﯽ راﺪﻬﮕﻧ ي ﻧ ﯿ ﻫ ﺰ ﯿ ﻟورﺪ ﯿ ﺮﺗ ﺰ ي ﺳآ ﯿ ﻠﮔ ﻞ ﯿ لوﺮﺴ اﺰﻓا و ﺎﻫ ﯾ ﺶ
ﺳا ﯿ ﺪ ﯾ ﻣﺎﻤﺗ رد ﻪﺘ ﯽ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ اﺪﻘﻣ و ﺪﺷ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺎﻫ ﺳا ر
ﯿ ﺪ ﯾ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘ 2/
9
زور رد 90 ﺳر ﯿ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد ﻪﮐ ﺪ ﺎﻫ
ي وﺎﺣ ي ز گﺮﺑ ﯾ ﺑ نﻮﺘ ﯿ دﻮﺑ ﺮﺘﺸ
) لوﺪﺟ 1 .(
اﺰﻓا ﺖﻠﻋ ﯾ ﺳا ﺶ ﯿ ﺪ ﯾ ﺳا راﺪﻘﻣ و ﻪﺘ ﯿ
ﺎﻫﺪ ي دازآ بﺮﭼ
ﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد ي
وﺎﺣ ي ز گﺮﺑ ﯾ دﻮﺟو ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺖﺳا ﻦﮑﻤﻣ نﻮﺘ
ﺰﻧآ ﯾ ﻟ ﻢ ﯿ ز گﺮﺑ رد زﺎﭙ ﯾ
اﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ نﻮﺘ ﯾ
ﻃ رد ،ﻦ ﯽ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا
ز گﺮﺑ ﯾ ﻣ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ نﻮﺘ ﺘﻧآ ﻊﺒﻨ
ﯽ ﺴﮐا ﯿ ﻧاﺪ ﯽ ﺰﻧآ ، ﯾ ﺮﺑ ﻢ ي ز گﺮﺑ ﯾ نﻮﺘ
روﺮﺿ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا زا ﻞﺒﻗ ي
ﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ ﯽ ﺪﺳر .
Table 1 Changes in acidity (mg NaOH/ g oil) of oil extracted from rapeseed with olive leaves during storage
Time (Day)
90 60
30 1
sample
4c . 7 7.2de
3.6f 1.8i
Olive leaf
5b . 8 7.4d
f
4.6 1.9i
2.5% Olive leaf
9a . 8 7.9c
.6.6ef 2hi
5% Olive leaf
1a . 9 1bc
. 8 6.9e
2.2h 7.5% Olive leaf
1a . 9 8. 6b
7.4d 7.2g
10% Olive leaf
The different latin letters indicate a significant difference (p<0/05).
3 - 2 - ﺴﮐاﺮﭘ ﯿ ﺪ
ﺴﮐاﺮﭘ دﺪﻋ ﯿ
ﺴﮐاﺮﭘ ،ﺪ ﯿ ﺎﻫﺪ ي ﻟﻮﺗ ﯿ ﺶﻨﮐاو ﻂﺳﻮﺗ هﺪﺷ ﺪ ﺎﻫ
ي
ﺴﮐا ﯿ ﺳاﺪ ﯿ ﻤﺨﺗ ار نﻮ ﯿ
ﻣ ﻦ ﯽ ﺪﻧز . ﺴﮐاﺮﭘ ﯿ ﻟوا ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ رد ﺎﻫﺪ ﯿ
ﻪ
ﺴﮐا ﯿ ﺳاﺪ ﯿ ﺪﻨﮐ ﻪﺑ نﻮ ي
اﺰﻓا ﯾ ﻣ ﺶ ﯽ ﯾ ﻟو ﺪﻨﺑﺎ ﯽ ﺎﭘ رد ﯾ ﺎﻘﻟا هرود نﺎ
ﺴﮐاﺮﭘ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﯿ
اﺰﻓا ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫﺪ ﯾ
ﻣ ﺶ ﯽ ﯾ ﺪﺑﺎ ] 19 .[
ﻫﯿ ﺴﮐاﺮﭘورﺪ ﯿ ﮐﺮﺗ ﻪﮐ ﺎﻫﺪ ﯿ
ﺴﮐا هﺪﻤﻋ تﺎﺒ ﯿ
ﺳاﺪ ﯿ ﻟ نﻮ ﯿﭙﯿ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺎﻫﺪ
ﻣ ﯽ ﮐﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗ ﯿ
ﻮﻧﺎﺛ تﺎﺒ ﯾ ﻈﻧ ﻪ ﯿ ﺋﺪﻟآ ﺮ ﯿ ﻞﮑﻟا ،ﺎﻫﺪ نﻮﺘﮐ ،ﺎﻫ
ﺎﻫ ﯾ ﺎ
ﺳا ﯿ ا و ﺪﻨﻨﮑﺸﺑ ﺎﻫﺪ ﯾ
ﮐﺮﺗ دﺎﺠ ﯿ ﺗﺎﺒ ﯽ ﺎﻣورآ و ﻢﻌﻃ و ﺮﻄﻋ ﺎﺑ ي
ﺪﻨﻨﮑﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣﺎﻧ .
ا رد ﯾ ز گﺮﺑ ندوﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ،ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦ ﯾ
ﺎﻫﺪﺻرد رد نﻮﺘ ي
ﺎﭘ ﯾﯿ دﺪﻋ ﻦ
ﺴﮐاﺮﭘ ﯿ اﺰﻓا ﺪ ﯾ ﭘ ﺶ ﯿ ﻟو دﺮﮐ اﺪ ﯽ اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﯾ ﺑ ﺶ ﯿ زا ﺶ 5 گﺮﺑ ﺪﺻرد
زﯾ ﺴﮐاﺮﭘ دﺪﻋ نﻮﺘ ﯿ
ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺪ ﯾ ﺖﻓﺎ . ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﯿ ﻃ رد ،ﻦ ﯽ راﺪﻬﮕﻧ ي
ﻧﯿ ﺴﮐاﺮﭘ دﺪﻋ ﺰ ﯿ
ﻣﺎﻤﺗ رد ﺪ ﯽ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ي اﺰﻓا ﻦﻏور ﯾ
ﭘ ﺶ ﯿ دﺮﮐ اﺪ )
لوﺪﺟ 2 .(
اﺰﻓا ﺖﻠﻋ ﯾ ﺴﮐاﺮﭘ دﺪﻋ ﺶ ﯿ
ﻃ رد ﺪ ﯽ ﻬﮕﻧ راﺪ ي ،
ﺴﮐا ﯿ ﺳاﺪ ﯿ ﺳا نﻮ ﯿ ﺎﻫﺪ ي ﻏ بﺮﭼ ﯿ ﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا عﺎﺒﺷا ﺮ ﯽ
ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
ﺴﮐاﻮﺗا ترﻮﺻ ﯿ
ﺳاﺪ ﯿ ﺴﮐاﻮﺘﻓ ،نﻮ ﯿ
ﺳاﺪ ﯿ ﺴﮐا و نﻮ ﯿ ﺳاﺪ ﯿ ﺰﻧآ نﻮ ﯾﻤ ﯽ
ﺪﻫد خر . ﺴﮐاﺮﭘ دﺪﻋ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺖﻠﻋ ﯿ
ﺎﻫﺪﺻرد رد ﺪ ي
ﻻﺎﺑ ي گﺮﺑ
زﯾ ﮐﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ نﻮﺘ ﯿ
ز گﺮﺑ رد دﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻞﻨﻓ تﺎﺒ ﯾ
ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا طﻮﺑﺮﻣ نﻮﺘ
ﺻﺎﺧ ﯿ ﺘﻧآ ﺖ ﯽ ﺴﮐا ﯿ ﻧاﺪ ﯽ ﻻﺎﺑ ﯾ ﯽ ﺪﻧراد .
ﺎﻄﻣ رد ﻪﻌﻟ ا ي و ﯾ ﮔﮋ ﯽ ﺎﻫ ي ﺘﻧآ ﯽ ﺴﮐا ﯿ ﻧاﺪ ﯽ هرﺎﺼﻋ ي ز گﺮﺑ ﯾ نﻮﺘ
ﺪﻧا و نادﺮﮕﺑﺎﺘﻓآ ﻦﻏور رد هﺪﺷ هدوﺰﻓا ﯾ
ﺴﮐاﺮﭘ ﺲ ﯿ
درﻮﻣ ﺪ
ﺳرﺮﺑ ﯽ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ]
2 .[
ﺎﺘﻧ ﯾ ﺎﭘ ،ﺞ ﯾ راﺪ ي ﺴﮐا ﯿ ﺗاﺪ ﯿ ﻦﻏور ﻮ
هرﺎﺼﻋ رﻮﻀﺣ رد ار نادﺮﮕﺑﺎﺘﻓآ ي
ﻟﻮﻧﺎﺘﻣ ﯽ ز گﺮﺑ ﯾ داد نﺎﺸﻧ نﻮﺘ .
ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﯿ ﺪﻧا ﻦ ﯾ ﺴﮐاﺮﭘ ﺲ ﯿ اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﺪ ﯾ راﺪﻬﮕﻧ نﺎﻣز ﺶ ي
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد ﺎﻫ
اﺮﺷ ﯾ ﺎﺴﮐا ﻂ ﯾ ﺸ ﯽ هرﺎﺼﻋ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺎﺑ و ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد ﺎﻫ
،ﺎﻫ
اﺰﻓا ﯾ ﺶ ﯾ ﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﻓﺎ ﯾ
ا رد ﻪﻠﺻﺎﺣ ﺞ ﯾ
ﺸﻫوﮋﭘ رﺎﮐ ﻦ ﯽ
ﻢﻫ ﻧاﻮﺧ ﯽ
دراد .
Table 2 Changes in peroxide (meq O2/kg oil) of oil extracted from rapeseed with olive leaves during storage
Time (Day)
90 60
30 1
sample
8.9a 6.9d
6e 8i
. Olive oil 0
8.4b 6.1e
4g 1.5j
2.5% Olive leaf
8.1c 5f
3h 1.1k
5% Olive leaf
7.1d 3g
. 4 2i
7i . 7.5% Olive leaf 0
6e 3h
1k 4m
. 10% Olive leaf 0
The different latin letters indicate a significant difference (p<0/05).
3 - 3 - ﮐﺮﺗ راﺪﻘﻣ ﯿ
ﻠﻨﻓ تﺎﺒ ﯽ
ﮐﺮﺗ ﯿ ﻠﻨﻓ تﺎﺒ ﯽ ﯾ ﻠﭘ نﺎﻤﻫ ﺎ ﯽ
ﻞﻨﻓ ﻟﻮﺑﺎﺘﻣ ﺰﺟ ،ﺎﻫ ﯿ
ﺖ ﺎﻫ ي ﻮﻧﺎﺛ ﯾ ﻪ
ﮔﯿ ﻫﺎ ﯽ ﺒﻃ رد رﻮﻓو ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﯿ
ﺖﻌ ﯾ ﻣ ﺖﻓﺎ ﯽ زا ﺎﻣﻮﻤﻋ و ﺪﻧﻮﺷ
ﮔﯿ ﺎﻫﻮﺗﺮﭘ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ رد هﺎ ي
اروﺎﻣ ي ﺶﻔﻨﺑ ﯾ نژﻮﺗﺎﭘ ﻢﺟﺎﻬﺗ ﺎ ﺎﻫ
ﻣ ﺖﻈﻓﺎﺤﻣ ﯽ
ﺪﻨﻨﮐ . ﻠﭘ ﯽ ﻞﻨﻓ ﻣ اﺬﻏ رد ﺎﻫ ﯽ
ﺨﻠﺗ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗ ﯽ
،
ﺴﮔ ﯽ ﺎﭘ و ﻮﺑ ،ﻢﻌﻃ ،ﮓﻧر ، ﯾ
راﺪ ي ﺴﮐا ﯿ ﺳاﺪ ﯿ ﻧﻮ ﯽ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ . تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
ﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﯽ ﻘﺘﺴﻣ طﺎﺒﺗرا ﻪﮐ ﺪﻫد ﯿﻤ
ﯽ ﺑ ﯿ ﻠﭘ فﺮﺼﻣ ﻦ ﯽ
ﻞﻨﻓ و ﺎﻫ
ﭘﯿ ﮕﺸ ﯿﺮ ي ﺑ زا ﯿ رﺎﻤ ي ﺎﻫ ي ﻈﻧ بﺎﻬﺘﻟا ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﯿ
ﺑ ﺮ ﯿ رﺎﻤ ي ﺎﻫ ي ﺒﻠﻗ ﯽ ﻋ و
ﻗوﺮ ﯽ ﮐﻮﭘ و نﺎﻃﺮﺳ ، ﯽ
ﻨﭽﻤﻫ و ناﻮﺨﺘﺳا ﯿ
ﺑ ﻦ ﯿ رﺎﻤ ي ﺎﻫ ي
ﺒﺼﻋ ﯽ ﺗﻻﻼﺘﺧا و ﯽ
ﻈﻧ ﯿ اﺰﻟآ ﺮ ﯾ ﮐرﺎﭘ ،ﺮﻤ ﯿ د و نﻮﺴﻨ ﯾ
دﻮﺟو ﺖﺑﺎ
دراد . ﻠﭘ ﯽ ﻞﻨﻓ ﻣ ﺎﻫ ﯽ ﺰﻧآ و ﻪﺗﻼﺷ ار تاﺰﻠﻓ ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗ ﯾﻢ
ﺎﻫ ي
ﺴﮐاﺮﭘ ﯿ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ رﺎﻬﻣ ار ناﺪ .
ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﯿ دار ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ردﺎﻗ ﻦ ﯾ
لﺎﮑ ﺎﻫ ي دازآ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ و ﺎﻫ ي ﺴﮐا لﺎﻌﻓ ﯿ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ رﺎﻬﻣ ار نﮋ .
ا رد ﯾ
،ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦ ﺑﯿ
ﺶ ﺮﺗ ﯾ ﮐﺮﺗ راﺪﻘﻣ ﻦ ﯿ
ﻠﻨﻓ تﺎﺒ ﯽ
) mg/kg oil 452
( زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﻦﻏور ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ
ﺎﻫ ﻪﻧاد ي اﺰﻠﮐ ي ﺎﺑ هاﺮﻤﻫ هﺪﺷ سﺮﭘ 10
ز گﺮﺑ ﺪﺻرد ﯾ
نﻮﺘ
ﺪﺑ ،ﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ﯾ
اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ترﻮﺻ ﻦ ﯾ
ز گﺮﺑ ﺶ ﯾ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد نﻮﺘ ﺎﻫ
ﻣﯿ ﮐﺮﺗ ناﺰ ﯿ ﻠﻨﻓ تﺎﺒ ﯽ ﻧ ﯿ اﺰﻓا ﺰ ﯾ ﺶ ﯾ ﺖﻓﺎ . ﻟو ﯽ د ﻃ ر ﯽ راﺪﻬﮕﻧ ي
ﭘ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ نآ راﺪﻘﻣ ﯿ
دﺮﮐ اﺪ . ﮐﺮﺗ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺖﻠﻋ ﯿ
ﻠﻨﻓ تﺎﺒ ﯽ ،
ﺴﮐا ﯿ ﺳاﺪ ﯿ ا نﻮ ﯾ ﮐﺮﺗ ﻦ ﯿ ﺖﺳا نﺎﻣز ﺖﺷﺬﮔ ﺎﺑ تﺎﺒ .
ﺖﻓا درﻮﻣ رد
ﮐﺮﺗ ﯿ ﻠﻨﻓ تﺎﺒ ﯽ ﻃ رد ﯽ راﺪﻬﮕﻧ ي ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻘﺤﺗ نﻮﻨﮐﺎﺗ ﺎﻫ ﯿ
تﺎﻘ
زﯾ دﺎ ي ﺖﺳا هﺪﺸﻧ مﺎﺠﻧا ]
20 .[
ﺎﺘﻧ ﯾ راﺪﻬﮕﻧ هﺎﻣ ﻪﺳ زا ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﮐ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺞ ي
ﮐﺮﺗ راﺪﻘﻣ ﯿ ﻠﻨﻓ تﺎﺒ ﯽ
ﻤﻧ رد ﺟاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﻦﻏور ﻪﻧﻮ ﯽ
اﺰﻠﮐ زا ي ﺎﺑ هاﺮﻤﻫ 10 گﺮﺑ ﺪﺻرد
زﯾ ﺮﻘﺗ ،نﻮﺘ ﯾ گﺮﺑ نوﺪﺑ اﺰﻠﮐ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﻦﻏور ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ ﺶﺷ ﺎﺒ
زﯾ ﺖﺳا نﻮﺘ )
لوﺪﺟ 3 ( ﻨﻏ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﮐ ﯽ
ﻦﻏور ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ندﻮﺑ
اﺰﻠﮐ ي ز گﺮﺑ ﺎﺑ هاﺮﻤﻫ ﯾ
ﮐﺮﺗ زا نﻮﺘ ﯿ
ﻠﻨﻓ تﺎﺒ ﯽ ﺘﻧآ و ﯽ ﺴﮐا ﯿ ﻧاﺪ ﯽ
ﺖﺳا . اﯾ ﺬﻐﺗ رد عﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻦ ﯾ
ﭘ و ﻪ ﯿ ﮕﺸ ﯿﺮ ي ﺴﺑ نﺎﻣرد و ﯿﺎ
ر ي زا
ﺑﯿ رﺎﻤ ﯾ ﺘﺒﺜﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ ﺎﻬ ﯽ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷاد .
ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﯿ ﻣ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﻦ ﯽ
دﻮﺷ
ﮐﺮﺗ ﯿ ز تﺎﺒ ﯾ ﮐﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ اﺰﻠﮐ ﻦﻏور لﺎﻌﻓ ﺖﺴ ﯿ
ز تﺎﺒ ﯾ لﺎﻌﻓ ﺖﺴ ز ﻦﻏور
ﯾ دﺰﻧ نﻮﺘ ﯾ ﺰﻣ و دﻮﺷ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ و ﮏ ﯾﺘ
ﯽ د ﯾ ﺮﮕ ي ﻧ ﯿ ﺮﺑ ﺰ
ز ﻦﻏور ﯾ ﺳا دﻮﺟو نآ و ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷاد نﻮﺘ ﯿ
ﻟ بﺮﭼ ﺪ ﯿ
ﻨﻟﻮﻨ ﯿ ﮏ
دوﺪﺣ اﺰﻠﮐ ﻦﻏور رد ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا 10
ﺳا ناﻮﻨﻌﺑ و ﺖﺳا ﺪﺻرد ﯿ
ﺪ
روﺮﺿ بﺮﭼ ي
ز ﻦﻏور رد ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا حﺮﻄﻣ ﯾ
راﺪﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ نﻮﺘ
ﭼﺎﻧ ﯿﺰ ي دراد دﻮﺟو .
ﺸﻫوﮋﭘ رد ﯽ
ز ﻦﻏور ﯾ هرﺎﺼﻋ ﺎﺑ نﻮﺘ ي
ﻫ ﯿ ﻟورﺪ ﯿ ﺰﻧآ هﺪﺷ ﺰ ﯾﻤ
ﯽ
ز گﺮﺑ ﯾ ﻣ ﻪﺑ نﻮﺘ ﯿ ناﺰ 400ppm ﻨﻏ ﯽ ﺪﺷ ] 21 .[
ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
تﺪﻣ 6 ﺎﻣد رد هﺎﻣ ي
50 ﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟرد ﯽ
ﺧذ داﺮﮔ ﯿ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ هﺮ .
رﺎﮔﺪﻧﺎﻣ ي ﺮﻫ ﯾ اﺰﺟا زا ﮏ ي
ﻠﻨﻓ ﯽ هرﺎﺼﻋ ي ز ﯾ نﻮﺘ
) ﭘورﻮﺌﻟوا ﯿ ﻠﮔآ ،ﻦ ﯿ و نﻮﮑ (...
هزاﺪﻧا ﻪﻧﺎﮔاﺪﺟ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﮔﯿ
ﺮ ي ،ﺪﺷ
ﭘورﻮﺌﻟوا ﺖﻓا ﺪﺻرد ﯿ
ﻃ رد ﻦ ﯽ راﺪﻬﮕﻧ ي ز ﻦﻏور ﯾ نﻮﺘ 50 ﺎﺗ 60
ﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ دﻮﺑ ﺪﺻرد ﯾ
ا رد ﻪﻠﺻﺎﺣ ﺞ ﯾ
ﺸﻫوﮋﭘ رﺎﮐ ﻦ ﯽ
ﻧاﻮﺨﻤﻫ ﯽ
دراد .
Table 3Changes in phenolic compounds (mg Caffeic acid/100 g oil ) of oil extracted from rapeseed
with olive leaves during storage
Time (Day)
90 60
30 1
sample
10.3o 39.06m
59.06i 174.6f
Olive oil
33n 71k
110.8i 262.8d
2.5% Olive leaf
37.1m 77.1k
114.1h 317.3c
5% Olive leaf
38.2m 98.2j
154.5g 367.3b
7.5% Olive leaf
61.03i 108.03i
181.1e 452a
10% Olive leaf
The different latin letters indicate a significant difference (p<0/05).
3 - 4 - لﺎﺷ نﻮﻣزآ
ﺎﻣزآ ﯾ اﺮﺑ لﺎﺷ ﺶ ي
ﺎﭘ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﯾ
راﺪ ي ﺴﮐا ﯿ ﺳاﺪ ﯿ ﻧﻮ ﯽ ﻨﻏور ﯽ و
ﻨﻏور تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﯽ
ﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا ﯽ ﮔﯿ ﻟد ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ دﺮ ﯿ
ﺎﻣد ﻞ ي ﻣ ﻻﺎﺑ ﯽ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
ﺴﮐا هﻮﺤﻧ ﯿ
ﺳاﺪ ﯿ ﺮﺳ ار نﻮ ﯾﻊ ﺪﻫد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺮﺗ .
زور رد 1 راﺪﻬﮕﻧ ي ،
ﺴﮐاﺮﭘ دﺪﻋ ﯿ
زا ﺪ 5/
1 ﻪﺑ 6/
63 وﺎﺣ ﻦﻏور رد ي
5 /2 % گﺮﺑ
زﯾ اﺰﻓا نﻮﺘ ﯾ ﺶ ﯾ ﺖﻓﺎ ) لوﺪﺟ 4 .(
راﺪﻬﮕﻧ نﺎﻣز لﻮﻃ رد ي
ﻧ ﯿ ﺰ
ﺴﮐاﺮﭘ دﺪﻋ ﯿ
اﺰﻓا ﺪ ﯾ ﺶ ﯾ ﻪﺑ و ﻪﺘﻓﺎ 6/
72 زور رد 10 ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد
وﺎﺣ ي 10 % ز گﺮﺑ ﯾ ﺳر نﻮﺘ ﯿ ﺪ . ﺎﺘﻧ ﯾ زور زا ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﮐ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺞ
ﺴﮐاﺮﭘ دﺪﻋ ،مﻮﺳ ﯿ
دﻮﻌﺻ ﺪﻧور لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد ﺪ ي
ﭘ ﯿ ﻟو دﺮﮐ اﺪ ﯽ
اﺰﻓا ﺪﻧور ﯾ ﺴﮐاﺮﭘ ﺶ ﯿ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد ﺪ ي
ﻪﻧاد طﻮﻠﺨﻣ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ
ز گﺮﺑ و اﺰﻠﮐ ﯾ
ﻬﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﺪﻧور زا نﻮﺘ ﯽ
ﭘ ﯿ وﺮ ي دﺮﮐ . رﺎﻈﺘﻧا ﻪﺘﺒﻟا ﻣ
ﯽ ﻻﺎﺑ دﻮﺟو ﺖﻠﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﻓر ي
ﮐﺮﺗ ﯿ ﻠﻨﻓ تﺎﺒ ﯽ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد ﺎﻫ ي ﺎﺑ
ﻻﺎﺑ ﺪﺻرد ي
ز گﺮﺑ ﯾ ا نﻮﺘ ﯾ ﻧ قﺎﻔﺗا ﻦ ﯿ
ﺪﺘﻓﺎ . ﺪﻨﭼ ﺎﻣا ﯾ ﻟد ﻦ ﯿ ﻞ
ﻣ ﯽ اﺮﺑ ناﻮﺗ ي ا ﯾ ﺪﭘ ﻦ ﯾ دروآ هﺪ . ﯾ ﺴﮐا درﻮﻣ ﮏ ﯿ
ﺳاﺪ ﯿ ﺰﺠﺗ و نﻮ ﯾ
ﻪ
ﮐﺮﺗ ﯿ ﻠﻨﻓ تﺎﺒ ﯽ ﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﯽ
ﺴﮐاﺮﭘ دﺪﻋ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﯿ
ﺪﻫد نﺎﺸﻧ ﻻﺎﺑ ار ﺪ
د درﻮﻣ و ﯾ ﺰﻧآ دﻮﺟو ﺮﮕ ﯾﻢ
ﺎﻫ ﯾ ﯽ ﻮﭽﻤﻫ ﻟ ن ﯿ ﺴﮐﻮﭙ ﯿ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا زﺎﻧﮋ
ﺰﻧآ مﺪﻋ ﺮﻃﺎﺧ ﻪﺑ ﯾﻢ
ﺮﺑ ي گﺮﺑ نﺪﺷ ﺎﻫ
ي ز ﯾ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد نﻮﺘ ﺎﻫ
ي
ﻨﻏور ﯽ وﺎﺣ ي ﺖﺳا گﺮﺑ .
ﺎﻣزآ ﯾ ﺶ ﺎﻫ ﯾ ﯽ ﺛﺄﺗ درﻮﻣ رد ﯿ
ﻦﻏور ندﺮﮐ طﻮﻠﺨﻣ ﺮ ﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ
ﯽ
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ]
22 .[
ﺎﺘﻧ ﯾ ﺎﭘ رد ،داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺞ ﯾ
ﻪﻄﺑار نوآ ﺖﺴﺗ نﺎ ي
ﺳﻮﮑﻌﻣ ﯽ ﺑ ﯿ ﺴﮐاﺮﭘ دﺪﻋ ﻦ ﯿ
ﺎﭘ و ﺪ ﯾ راﺪ ي ﺴﮐا ﯿ ﺳاﺪ ﯿ ﻧﻮ ﯽ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ
ﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺷاد دﻮﺟو ﯾ
ﻘﺤﺗ ﺞ ﯿ ﻢﻫ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻖ ﻧاﻮﺧ
ﯽ دراد .
Table 4Changes in peroxide Value (meqO2/kg oil) of oil extracted from rapeseed with olive leaves during 10 days in 65
Sample
10% Olive leaf 7/5% Olive
leaf 5%
Olive leaf 2/5%
Olive leaf Leafless
Rapeseed Day
4m 7i
1.1 k 1.5j
8.0i 1
7.1p 5q
9 .3 q 3.3qu
4.1 r 2
14.03n 03 .12 o
11.03o 10op
8.9p 3
28k 21i
20i 18m
10op 4
38h 32j
30jk 29k
20i 5
48fg 46g
40h 37hi
29k 6
57e 49fg
49fg 46g
35i 7
60.6d 6. 59 d
55e 7.54 e
47g 8
6c.65 6d.60
6.56 e 6.55 e
6 .52 f 9
72.6a 67b
6.64 c 6 .63 c
61.3d 10
The different latin letters indicate a significant difference (p<0/05).
4 - ﺘﻧ ﯿ ﻪﺠ ﮔﯿ ﺮ ي
ز گﺮﺑ ﯾ وﺎﺣ نﻮﺘ ي ﮐﺮﺗ ﯿ ز تﺎﺒ ﯾ دﺪﻌﺘﻣ لﺎﻌﻓ ﺖﺴ ي
ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا
ﻨﭽﻤﻫ و شﻮﻨﻣد ترﻮﺼﺑ ﯿ
هرﺎﺼﻋ ﻦ ي
زﺎﺳوراد رد نآ ي
و
ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﯿ ﻨﻏ ﻊﺒﻨﻣ ناﻮﻨﻌﺑ ﻦ ﯽ
ﺘﻧآ زا ﯽ ﺴﮐا ﯿ ﺎﻨﺻ رد ﺎﻬﻧاﺪ ﯾ
اﺬﻏ ﻊ ﯾ ﯽ
ﺎﻫدﺮﺑرﺎﮐ ي ﻧاواﺮﻓ ﯽ دراد . ﻦﻏور ﻧ اﺰﻠﮐ ﯿ ﻪﺑ ﺰ ﺳا ﻦﺘﺷاد ﺮﻃﺎﺧ ﯿ
ﺎﻫﺪ ي
ﻏ بﺮﭼ ﯿ ﺴﮐا دﺎﺴﻓ ﺪﻌﺘﺴﻣ ،ﻻﺎﺑ عﺎﺒﺷاﺮ ﯿ
ﺳاﺪ ﯿ ﻧﻮ ﯽ ﻣ ﯽ و ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﯿ اراد ﻦ ي ﮐﺮﺗ ﯿ ﻠﻨﻓ تﺎﺒ ﯽ ﺎﭘ ﯾﯿﻨ ﯽ ﺖﺳا . ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﯿ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ،ﻦ
ﺘﻧآ ﯽ ﺴﮐا ﯿ ناﺪ ﺎﻫ ي ﺰﺘﻨﺳ ي ﻤﺳ نﺎﮑﻣا ﺖﻠﻋ ﻪﺑ ﯽ
نﺎﻃﺮﺳ و از
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ دوﺪﺤﻣ ندﻮﺑ .
اﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﯾ ﻘﺤﺗ ﻦ ﯿ اﺮﺑ تﺎﻘ ي زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا
ﺘﻧآ ﯽ ﺴﮐا ﯿ ناﺪ ﺎﻫ ي ﺒﻃ ﯿﻌ ﯽ ﺎﺟ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﯾ
ﺰﮕ ﯾﻨ ﯽ اﺮﺑ ي
ﺘﻧآ ﯽ ﺴﮐا ﯿ ناﺪ ﺎﻫ ي ﺰﺘﻨﺳ ي ﻤﻫا زا ﯿ و ﺖ ﯾ هﮋ ا ي ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳا رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ
ﻤﻫ ﯿ ا رد ﺮﻃﺎﺧ ﻦ ﯾ
ﻦ گﺮﺑ زا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ زﯾ
ﻨﻏ ﻪﮐ نﻮﺘ ﯽ ﮐﺮﺗ زا ﯿ تﺎﺒ
ﻠﻨﻓ ﯽ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳا ﺘﻧآ ﻊﺒﻨﻣ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﯽ
ﺴﮐا ﯿ ناﺪ ﺎﻫ ي ﺒﻃ ﯿﻌ ﯽ اﺰﻠﮐ ﻦﻏور رد
ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا .
ﻟﻮﺗ لﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﯿ
ﺪ ي اراد ي ﺳا ﯿ ﺎﻫﺪ ي ﺎﮕﻣا بﺮﭼ 3
ﮐﺮﺗ و ﯿ ﻠﻨﻓ تﺎﺒ ﯽ
ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ي ﻤﻬﮐ ﺖﺳا ﯿ
ﻟﻮﺼﺤﻣ ناﻮﻨﻌﺑ ﺪﻧاﻮﺘ ﯽ
رازﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻨﻣدﻮﺳاﺮﻓ
ﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﯽ دﻮﺷ . ﭘ ﻪﺘﺒﻟا ﯿ ﻣ دﺎﻬﻨﺸ ﯿ ﺰﻧآ زا دﻮﺸ ﯾ
ﺮﺑ ﻢ ي ﺎﻬﮔﺮﺑ ي ز ﯾ نﻮﺘ
اﺮﺑ ي ﮔﻮﻠﺟ ﯿﺮ ي ﺰﻧآ بﺮﺨﻣ تاﺮﺛا زا ﯾ
ﺎﻬﻤ ي ﻟ ﯿ ﻟ و زﺎﭙ ﯿ ﺴﮐاﻮﭙ ﯿ زﺎﻧﮋ
ز گﺮﺑ رد دﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﯾ
دﻮﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳﺎﻧﻮﺘ .
5 - ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ
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Extraction of oil from rapeseeds incorporated with the olive leaf by cold press and evaluation of its qualitative properties
Karimpoor Golsefidi, S. 1, Azadmard Damirchi, S. 2
1. MSc, Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran 2. Professor,Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz,
Iran
(Received: 2020/04/02 Accepted: 2020/07/04)
In this study, olive leaves which are rich in phenolic compounds were used as sources of natural antioxidants during extraction of oil from rapeseeds by coldpress.This new method was developed to increase bioactive compounds, stability and shelf life of the oil. Qualitative factors (phenolic compounds, acidity, peroxide value, schaal test) in oil extracted fromrapeseeds incorporated with 0 (control sample), 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10% (w/w)of olive leaf were performed every 30 days of 90 days storage at room temperature. The results showed that samples containing more olive leaves had more phenolic compounds. Acidity and peroxide value increased but theamount of phenolic compounds decreased during storage. The highest amount of peroxide value was found for samples containing low percentages of olive leaves. The sample containing 10% olive leaves had the highest acidity compared to other samples. Overall the results showed that extraction of rapeseed oil by this new method will produce a new product rich of phenolic compounds and similar properties compared to virgin olive oil that has more linolenic fatty acids (omega-3) than olive oil. Generally, extraction of oil from a mixture of olive leaf with rapeseeds produces a bioactive rich oil which can be introduced as a new product.
Keywords: Bioactive Compounds, olive leaf, Rapeseed Oil, Cold Press
Corresponding Author E-Mail Address: [email protected]
