ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ صاﻮﺧ ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷﻮﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ
و ﯽﮑﯿﻧﺎﮑﻣ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ
ﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﺖﯾزﻮﭙﻣﺎﮐ ﺮﺑ
ﻪﯾﺎﭘ يو ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ﻪﻟوﺰﯾا
و ﻦﯿﺘﮑﭘ يوﺎﺣ
ﻮﻧﺎﻧ تارذ ﺪﯿﺴﮐا ﺲﻣ و ﻪﻧاﺪﮕﻧر رﺪﻨﻐﭼ
ﯽﯾﻮﺒﻟ ) ﻦﯿﻧﺎﺘﺑ (
اﺮﻫز ﮓﻨﻫﺎﺒﺷ
،1
ﻼﯿﻟ
1يرﻮﻧ
،*
ﺎﺿﺮﻟاﺪﺒﻋ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ
ي ﭽﻓﺎﻧ
1ﯽ ،2
1 - هوﺮﮔ مﻮﻠﻋ و ﻊﯾﺎﻨﺻ
،ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد
،يزروﺎﺸﮐ ﺪﺣاو
،نﺎﻐﻣاد هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد دازآ
،ﯽﻣﻼﺳا
،نﺎﻐﻣاد ناﺮﯾا .
2 - هوﺮﮔ مﻮﻠﻋ و ﺎﻨﺻ ﯾ ﻊ اﺬﻏ ﯽﯾ
، هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد يژﻮﻟﻮﻨﮑﺗ ﺎﻫ
ي
،ﯽﺘﻌﻨﺻ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد مﻮﻠﻋ يﺰﻟﺎﻣ ) (USM .
تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ
ﮑﭼ
ﯿ هﺪ
رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ ﺎﻫ ي ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ :
رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ رد ﯾ ﺖﻓﺎ : 26 / 08 / 1400
رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ ﺬﭘ ﯾ شﺮ : 08 / 10 / 1400
تﺎﻤﻠﮐ ﻠﮐ ﯿ ﺪ ي :
ﻢﻠﯿﻓ
،ﯽﮐارﻮﺧ
ﺪﯿﺴﮐا
،ﺲﻣ
ﻪﻧاﺪﮕﻧر
،ﻦﯿﻧﺎﺘﺑ
صاﻮﺧ ﯽﮑﯿﻧﺎﮑﻣ .
DOI: 10.52547/fsct.19.122.71
DOR: 20.1001.1.20088787.1401.19.122.25.8
لﻮﺌﺴﻣ
تﺎﺒﺗﺎﮑﻣ : [email protected]
،هزوﺮﻣا ﻪﺑ ﺖﻠﻋ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﯽﻧاﺮﮕﻧ رد درﻮﻣ داﻮﻣ ﺖﺴﯾز ﺐﯾﺮﺨﺗ
،ﺮﯾﺬﭘﺎﻧ داﻮﻣ ﻪﺘﺴﺑ يﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ ﺮﯾﺬﭘ
رﺎﯿﺴﺑ درﻮﻣ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ اﺮﻗ ر ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ
؛ﺪﻧا اﺬﻟ فﺪﻫ زا ﻦﯾا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﺮﺛا ﻪﻧاﺪﮕﻧر ﻦﯿﻧﺎﺘﺑ رد حﻮﻄﺳ
) 5 - 5 /2 - 0 ﯽﻧزو / ﯽﻤﺠﺣ (%
و ﻮﻧﺎﻧ هرذ ﺪﯿﺴﮐا ﺲﻣ رد حﻮﻄﺳ ) 4 - 2 - 0 ﯽﻧزو / ﯽﻤﺠﺣ (%
رد ﻢﻠﯿﻓ
ﺖﯾزﻮﭙﻣﺎﮐﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﺮﺑ
ﻪﯾﺎﭘ يو ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ﻪﻟوﺰﯾا / ﻦﯿﺘﮑﭘ رد ﺐﻟﺎﻗ حﺮﻃ ﺐﮐﺮﻣ يﺰﮐﺮﻣ ﺮﺑ صاﻮﺧ
ﯽﮑﯿﻧﺎﮑﻣ و ﯽﮔﮋﯾو يﺎﻫ ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷﻮﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ ﻠﯿﻓ
ﻢ يﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ﯽﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ نﺎﺸﻧ داد ﻪﮐ ﺎﺑ
ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺪﺻرد ﻪﻧاﺪﮕﻧر ﻦﯿﻧﺎﺘﺑ و ﻮﻧﺎﻧ هرذ ﺪﯿﺴﮐا ﺲﻣ ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿ و ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا و
ﺖﯿﻟﻼﺣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ) P<0/05 ( . ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﺎﺑ ندوﺰﻓا حﻮﻄﺳ يﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﻧاﺪﮕﻧر ﻦﯿﻧﺎﺘﺑ يﺰﻣﺮﻗ ) (a
ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا و ﯽﯾﺎﻨﺷور ) (L و يدرز ) (b ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺖﻓﺎﯾ . وﺰﻓا ند ﻮﻧﺎﻧ هرذ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ b
رد ﻪﮑﯿﻟﺎﺣ ﺮﺑ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ a
ﺎﻫ ﺮﺛا يرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﺖﺷاﺪﻧ
. ﻢﻫ ﻦﯿﻨﭼ ﺎﺑ ندوﺰﻓا
ﻪﻧاﺪﮕﻧر و هرذﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ ﯽﺸﺸﮐ و دﺎﯾدزا لﻮﻃ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ يﺎﻫ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ﻪﺑ رﻮﻃ يرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا
ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ) P<0/05 .(
ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﺎﺑ ﯽﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﺣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا زا هرذﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﺪﯿﺴﮐا ﺲﻣ و ﻧر ﻪﻧاﺪﮕ ﻦﯿﻧﺎﺘﺑ
رد ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ﺖﯾزﻮﭙﻣﺎﮐﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﻪﺑﺮﺠﻨﻣ
ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ﯽﻤﻠﯿﻓ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ياﺮﺑ ﻪﺘﺴﺑ يﺪﻨﺑ داﻮﻣ ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ ﺎﺑ تﺎﯿﺻﻮﺼﺧ
ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷﻮﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ و
ﯽﮑﯿﻧﺎﮑﻣ بﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﯽﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
ناﺮﯾا ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ ﻊﯾﺎﻨﺻ و مﻮﻠﻋ ﻪﻠﺠﻣ
www.fsct.modares.ac.ir:ﻪﻠﺠﻣ ﺖﯾﺎﺳ
ﻤﻠﻋ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﯽ
ﺸﻫوﮋﭘ_ ﯽ
1 - ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ
رد ﯽﻃ لﺎﺳ يﺎﻫ ﺮﯿﺧا
، دﺮﺑرﺎﮐ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ يﺎﻫ ﯽﮐارﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻠﻋ صاﻮﺧ
بﻮﻠﻄﻣ نآ ﺎﻫ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﺖﺳا . ﻪﺘﺴﺑ يﺪﻨﺑ ﺖﺴﯾز ﺐﯾﺮﺨﺗ ﺮﯾﺬﭘ
ًﻻﻮﻤﻌﻣ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﺑﺎﯿﺘﺳد ﻪﺑ فاﺪﻫا ﯽﺻﺎﺧ ﻪﺑ هﮋﯾو ياﺮﺑ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ و
ﺖﻇﺎﻔﺣ زا داﻮﻣ
،ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ ﻆﻔﺣ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ ﯽﺴﺣ داﻮﻣ ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ و
،ﯽﻨﻤﯾا
ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺮﻤﻋ ﺪﯿﻔﻣ و ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻆﻔﺣ تاﺮﺛا ﺪﯿﻔﻣ تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ
ﯽﺣاﺮﻃ ﯽﻣ دﻮﺷ و ﻪﺑ ﻞﯿﻟد ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﯽﻫﺎﮔآ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﺑ تﻼﮑﺸﻣ
ﺖﺴﯾز ﯽﻄﯿﺤﻣ ﮏﯿﺘﺳﻼﭘ يﺎﻫ
،ﯽﻤﯿﺷوﺮﺘﭘ زا
داﻮﻣ ﻪﺘﺴﺑ يﺪﻨﺑ ﺪﯾﺪﺟ
ﯽﻨﺘﺒﻣ ﺮﺑ يﺎﻫﺮﻤﯿﻠﭘ ﯽﺘﺴﯾز ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻦﯾﺰﮕﯾﺎﺟ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﯽﻣ دﻮﺷ ] 1 .[
ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ يﺎﻫ بآ ﺮﯿﻨﭘ ﻪﮐ زا ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ﺮﯿﻨﭘ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﮏﯾ لﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﯽﺒﻧﺎﺟ
ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳد ﯽﻣ ﺪﻨﯾآ و رد يﺎﻫاﺬﻏ صﻮﺼﺨﻣ نارﺎﮑﺷرو
و
ﮏﺸﺧﺮﯿﺷ يﺎﻫ صﻮﺼﺨﻣ نادازﻮﻧ
هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﯽﻣ
،ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﯽﻣﺎﮕﻨﻫ ﻪﮐ
ياﺮﺑ ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ يﺎﻫ ﯽﮐارﻮﺧ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﯽﻣ
،ﺪﻧﻮﺷ صاﻮﺧ يﺪﯿﻔﻣ زا
دﻮﺧ نﺎﺸﻧ ﯽﻣ ﺪﻨﻫد . زا ﻪﻠﻤﺟ اﻮﺗ ﯽﯾﺎﻧ ﻞﯿﮑﺸﺗ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ و صاﻮﺧ
ﯽﮑﯿﻧﺎﮑﻣ ﯽﺑﻮﺧ ﺪﻧراد و صاﻮﺧ ﻊﻧﺎﻣ زﺎﮔ ﯽﺑﻮﺧ ار رد ﺖﺑﻮﻃر
ﯽﺒﺴﻧ ﻢﮐ ﻪﺋارا ﯽﻣ ﺪﻨﻫد ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ياﺮﺑ داﻮﻣ
ﯽﺑوﺮﮑﯿﻣﺪﺿ ﺰﯿﻧ
ﻞﻤﻋ ﺪﻨﮐ ] 2 .[
ﻦﯿﺘﮑﭘ ﯽﻠﭘوﺮﺘﻫ ﺪﯾرﺎﮐﺎﺳ ﯽﻧﻮﯿﻧآ
ناﺮﮔ ﯽﺘﻤﯿﻗ ﺖﺳا ﻪﮐ يﺎﻫدﺮﺑرﺎﮐ هدﺮﺘﺴﮔ
يا رد ﻊﯾﺎﻨﺻ ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ
دراد . ﻦﯾا ﺮﻤﯿﻠﭘﻮﯿﺑ ﻗ ردﺎ ﻪﺑ ﻞﯿﮑﺸﺗ لژ رد رﻮﻀﺣ نﻮﯿﺗﺎﮐ يﺎﻫ ود
ﯽﺘﯿﻓﺮﻇ
؛ﺖﺳا هوﻼﻋ ﺮﺑ
،ﻦﯾا ردﺎﻗ ﻪﺑ دﺎﺠﯾا ﻢﻠﯿﻓ يﺎﻫ ﯽﮐارﻮﺧ
ﺖﺴﯾز ﺐﯾﺮﺨﺗ ﺮﯾﺬﭘ ﺎﺑ ﯽﮔﮋﯾو يﺎﻫ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ هزاﺪﻧا يﺮﯿﮔ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ] 3 .[
ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻦﯿﺘﮑﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻞﯿﻟد صاﻮﺧ بﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﺮﯿﻈﻧ ﺮﯿﻏ ﯽﻤﺳ ندﻮﺑ
،
مﺪﻋ ذﻮﻔﻧ
،نﮋﯿﺴﮐا ﻻﺎﺑ ندﻮﺑ ﺖﯿﻓﺮﻇ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ تﺎﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ
،راﺮﻓ
ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ندﻮﺑ ياﺮﺑ داﻮﻣ ﺪﺿ ﯽﺑوﺮﮑﯿﻣ و ...
ياﺮﺑ ﻪﯿﻬﺗ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ يﺎﻫ
ﯽﮐارﻮﺧ درﻮﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا راﺮﻗ ﯽﻣ ﺪﻧﺮﯿﮔ ] 4 .[
ﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﺖﯾزﻮﭙﻣﺎﮐ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﺳد يا
زا ﺖﯾزﻮﭙﻣﺎﮐ ﺎﻫ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻪﮐ رد ﺎﻬﻧآ ﻞﻗاﺪﺣ ﯽﮑﯾ زا دﺎﻌﺑا تارذ
ﻪﻓﺎﺿا هﺪﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺲﮑﯾﺮﺗﺎﻣ يﺮﻤﯿﻠﭘ
رد سﺎﯿﻘﻣ ﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﯽﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ] 5 .[
هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا زا تارذﻮﻧﺎﻧ ياﺮﺑ ﻼﺻا ح تﺎﯿﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷﻮﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ
و
ﯽﮑﯿﻧﺎﮑﻣ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ يﺎﻫ
،ﯽﮐارﻮﺧ ﯽﮑﯾ زا عاﻮﻧا ﻪﺘﺴﺑ يﺪﻨﺑ لﺎﻌﻓ ﺖﺳا
ﻪﮐ هزوﺮﻣا ﻪﮐ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻠﻋ ﯽﯾﺎﻧاﻮﺗ نآ ﺎﻫ رد ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ ﺖﺨﺳ
ﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ رد ﻊﯾﺎﻨﺻ ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ رﺎﯿﺴﺑ درﻮﻣ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ راﺮﻗ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ
؛ﺪﻧا ﻪﮐ رد
ﻦﯾا ﻦﯿﺑ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا زا ﻮﻧﺎﻧ تارذ ﺪﯿﺴﮐا ﺲﻣ ﻪﺑ رﻮﻃ هدﺮﺘﺴﮔ رد
نزﺎﺧﺮﺑا ﺎﻫ و يﺎﻫدﺮﺑرﺎﮐ يژﺮﻧا
يﺪﯿﺷرﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ
ﻞﯿﻟد ﺖﯿﻫﺎﻣ
ﻪﻤﯿﻧ ﯽﯾﺎﻧﺎﺳر نآ درﻮﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ راﺮﻗ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺪﻧا ] 6 .[
ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻞﯿﻟد ﻪﻨﯾﺰﻫ
ﻢﮐ
،ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ﯽﻤﺳﺮﯿﻏ
،ندﻮﺑ صاﻮﺧ ﯽﮑﯿﻧوﺮﺘﮑﻟا و
ﯽﺗراﺮﺣ
،بﻮﺧ تارذﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﺲﻣ
ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ هﺪﻨﻨﮐﺮﭘ ﯽﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ ياﺮﺑ ﺖﯾﻮﻘﺗ
صاﻮﺧ ﯽﮑﯿﻧﺎﮑﻣ ﺖﯾزﻮﭙﻣﺎﮐﻮﻧﺎﻧ يﺎﻫ
يﺮﻤﯿﻠﭘ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﯽﻣ دﻮﺷ ] 7 .[
ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ صاﻮﺧ ﺪﺿ ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ تارذﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﺲﻣ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﯽﻬﺟﻮﺗ
ار رد ﻪﻨﯿﻣز ﻪﺘﺴﺑ يﺪﻨﺑ داﻮﻣ ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ ﻪﺑ دﻮﺧ ﺐﻠﺟ هدﺮﮐ ﺖﺳا ] 8 .[
رﺪﻨﻐﭼ ﯽﯾﻮﺒﻟ ﺎﺑ مﺎﻧ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ Beta vulgaris ﯽﻫﺎﯿﮔ
زا هﺮﯿﺗ جﺎﻨﻔﺳا
ﯽﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . رﺪﻨﻐﭼ ﯽﯾﻮﺒﻟ ﻊﺒﻨﻣ ﯽﺑﻮﺧ ياﺮﺑ نﺎﻤﮕﯿﭘ يﺎﻫ ﺰﻣﺮﻗ هدﻮﺑ و
ﺖﺤﺗ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻦﯿﺋﻻﺎﺘﺑ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ هﺪﺷ ﺪﻧا . ﻦﯿﺋﻻﺎﺘﺑ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺑﻮﺧ رد بآ ﻞﺣ
هﺪﺷ و رد ﻞﮑﻟا لﻮﻠﺤﻣﺎﻧ ﯽﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ و زا يﻮﺳ ﺮﮕﯾد ياراد ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ
يﻻﺎﺑ رﺎﻬﻣ لﺎﮑﯾدار يﺎﻫ دازآ هدﻮﺑ و رد ﺖﻈﻠﻏ يﺎﻫ ﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘ ﻊﻧﺎﻣ
نﻮﯿﺳاﺪﯿﺴﮐاﺮﭘ ﺎﻫﺪﯿﭙﯿﻟ
و ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻢﯾﺰﻧآ يﺎﻫ ﺪﺒﮐ هﺪﺷ و
ياراد صاﻮﺧ ﺪﺿ
،ﯽﻧﺎﻃﺮﺳ ﺪﺿ ﯽﺑﺎﻬﺘﻟا ﻧ ﺰﯿ ﯽﻣ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ] 9 .[
و Yang نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ ) 2021 (،
زا هرﺎﺼﻋ ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ ﮏﺸﻤﺗ رد ﻢﻠﯿﻓ يﺎﻫ
ﺖﯾزﻮﭙﻣﺎﮐ ﻦﯿﺘﮑﭘ
/ ﻢﯾﺪﺳ تﺎﻨﯾژﺮﻟآ / ﻎﻤﺻ نﺎﺘﻧاز ياﺮﺑ ﻪﯿﻬﺗ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ يﺎﻫ
ﯽﮕﻧر هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ و نﺎﯿﺑ ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ ﻪﮐ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ يﺎﻫ ﮏﺸﻤﺗ ياراد
يﺮﯾﺬﭘذﻮﻔﻧ ﻪﺑ
رﺎﺨﺑ بآ
،ﺮﺘﻤﮐ مﺎﮑﺤﺘﺳا
،ﯽﺸﺸﮐ تروﺪﮐ و
ﺖﯿﻓﺮﻇ ﯽﺘﻧآ ﯽﻧاﺪﯿﺴﮐا ﻻﺎﺑ يﺮﺗ ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ و ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﯽﻣ ناﻮﺗ زا ﻦﯾا
ﻢﻠﯿﻓ رد ترﺎﻈﻧ ﺮﺑ ﯽﮔزﺎﺗ داﻮﻣ ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ ﯽﻨﻏ زا ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا
دﺮﮐ ] 10 .[
Koosha and Hamedi )
2019 (،
ﻪﺑ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ يﺎﻫ
ﯽﺘﯾزﻮﭙﻣﺎﮐﻮﻧﺎﻧ نازﻮﺘﯿﮐ
/ ﺪﻨﻤﺷﻮﻫ PVA يوﺎﺣ
ﻦﯿﻧﺎﯿﺳﻮﺘﻧآ ﺞﯾﻮﻫ
هﺎﯿﺳ و سرﻮﻧﺎﻧ يﺎﻫ ﯽﺘﯿﻧﻮﺘﻨﺑ ﺎﺑ صاﻮﺧ
،ﯽﮑﯿﻧﺎﮑﻣ ﯽﺗراﺮﺣ و ﺪﺿ
ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﺪﻨﺘﺧادﺮﭘ . ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﺣ نﺎﺸﻧ داد ﻪﮐ ندوﺰﻓا
ﺖﯿﻧﻮﺘﻨﺑ مﺎﮑﺤﺘﺳا ﯽﺸﺸﮐ و يﺮﯾﺬﭘذﻮﻔﻧ ﻪﺑ
رﺎﺨﺑ بآ ار ﺶﻫﺎﮐ و
ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺲﮑﻋ ياﺮﺑ ﻦﯿﻧﺎﯿﺳﻮﻧآ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ
ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ . ﻢﻠﯿﻓ يﺎﻫ يوﺎﺣ
ﺖﯿﻧﻮﺘﻨﺑ و ﻦﯿﻧﺎﯿﺳﻮﺘﻧآ يراﺪﯾﺎﭘ
ﯽﺗراﺮﺣ يﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد . ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻻﺎﺑ
ندﻮﺑ رﺎﻬﻣ ﺪﺷر ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ رد ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ ﺎﯿﺸﯾﺮﺷا
،ﯽﻠﮐ سﺎﻧﻮﻣودﻮﺳ
ازﻮﻨﯾژوﺮﺋآ و
سﻮﮐﻮﮐﻮﻠﯿﻓﺎﺘﺳا هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ
ﺪﺷ ] 11 .[
Sharifi and Pirsa )
2021 (،
ﻪﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ﺖﺴﯾز ﺐﯾﺮﺨﺗ
ﺮﯾﺬﭘ ﻦﯿﺘﮑﭘ / ﻞﯿﻓوﺮﻠﮐ گﺮﺑ تﻮﺗ هﺎﯿﺳ ﻪﻟﻮﺴﭙﮐ هﺪﺷ ﺎﺑ تارذﻮﻧﺎﻧ
ﯽﺴﮐﻮﺑﺮﮐ ﻞﯿﺘﻣ
ﺰﻟﻮﻠﺳ / ﺎﮑﯿﻠﯿﺳ و ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ صاﻮﺧ ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷﻮﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ و
ﺪﺿ ﯽﺑوﺮﮑﯿﻣ ﺪﻨﺘﺧادﺮﭘ و ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ ﻪﮐ ﺲﯿﻠﯿﺳ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا
ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿ و ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر و ﺖﯿﻟﻼﺣ ﻪﯾﻻ ﺎﻫ ﺪﺷ . ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا راﺪﻘﻣ
رد CMC لﻮﺴﭙﮐ يﺎﻫ درﻮﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا رد ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا
،ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر
و ﺖﯿﻟﻼﺣ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ﺎﻫ ﺪﺷ . ﺲﯿﻠﯿﺳ مﺎﮑﺤﺘﺳا
ﯽﺸﺸﮐ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ار ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا داد و فﺎﻄﻌﻧا ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ار ﺶﻫﺎﮐ
،داد رد ﯽﻟﺎﺣ
ﻪﮐ ﺎﻘﻣ CMC ﺖﻣو ﯽﺸﺸﮐ ار ﺶﻫﺎﮐ داد و فﺎﻄﻌﻧا يﺮﯾﺬﭘ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ
ار ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا داد . ﻞﯿﻓوﺮﻠﮐ و ﺲﯿﻠﯿﺳ صاﻮﺧ ﯽﺘﻧآ ﯽﻧاﺪﯿﺴﮐا ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ار
ﺎﺗ ﺪﺣ يدﺎﯾز ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺪﻧداد ] 12 .[
ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ يﺎﻫ ترﻮﺻ
،ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ نﻮﻨﮐﺎﺗ ﯽﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ رد درﻮﻣ ﺮﺛا
ﻪﻧاﺪﮕﻧر ﻦﯿﻧﺎﺘﺑ و ﻮﻧﺎﻧ هرذ ﺪﯿﺴﮐا ﺲﻣ رد ﻢﻠﯿﻓ يﺎﻫ ﯽﮐارﻮﺧ ﺮﺑ ﻪﯾﺎﭘ
يو ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ﻪﻟوﺰﯾا / ﻦﯿﺘﮑﭘ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮕﻧ
؛ﺖﺳا اﺬﻟ فﺪﻫ زا ﻦﯾا
ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ﻪﻧاﺪﮕﻧر و ﻮﻧﺎﻧ هرذ رد ﺖﻈﻠﻏ يﺎﻫ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ
ﺮﺑ يور صاﻮﺧ ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷﻮﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ و
ﯽﮑﯿﻧﺎﮑﻣ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ يﺎﻫ ﯽﮐارﻮﺧ
ﻪﯿﻬﺗ هﺪﺷ ﯽﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
2 - داﻮﻣ و شور ﺎﻫ
2 - 1 - داﻮﻣ
رﺪﻨﻐﭼ ﯽﯾﻮﺒﻟ زا ﺖﮐﺮﺷ نﺎﺳ ﯽﺳ ناﺮﯾا ﻪﯿﻬﺗ ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ . لوﺮﺴﯿﻠﮔ ﺎﺑ
ﻠﺧ صﻮ 5/
99
%،
دﻮﺳ و ﻦﯿﺘﮑﭘ ﺐﯿﺳ ) ﻪﺟرد ﻞﯿﺴﮐﻮﺘﻣ
،ﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘ 1/
5 (%
زا ﺪﻧﺮﺑ ﺖﮐﺮﺷ كﺮﻣ ) نﺎﻤﻟآ (،
هرذﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﺪﯿﺴﮐا ﺲﻣ ﺎﺑ هزاﺪﻧا تارذ
20 ﺮﺘﻣﻮﻧﺎﻧ زا ﺪﻧﺮﺑ ﺖﮐﺮﺷ US-Nano )
ﺎﮑﯾﺮﻣآ ( و يو ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ
ﻪﻟوﺰﯾا ) WPI1 ( زا ﺪﻧﺮﺑ ﺖﮐﺮﺷ ﻻرآ ) كرﺎﻤﻧاد ( يراﺪﯾﺮﺧ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ .
2 - 2 - شور ﺎﻫ
2 - 2 - 1 - شور ﻪﯿﻬﺗ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ﮐﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﺖﯾزﻮﭙﻣﺎ
ﺖﻬﺟ ﻪﯿﻬﺗ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ﻮﻧﺎﻧ
،ﺖﯾزﻮﭙﻣﺎﮐ 5/
2 مﺮﮔ ردﻮﭘ ﻪﻟوﺰﯾا ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ بآ
ﺮﯿﻨﭘ ﺎﺑ 50 ﯽﻠﯿﻣ ﺮﺘﯿﻟ بآ ﺮﻄﻘﻣ طﻮﻠﺨﻣ ﻪﺑو رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻞﺣ نﺪﺷ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ
ﻪﻟوﺰﯾا
، ﺮﺑ pH يور 8 ﻪﺑ ﮏﻤﮐ دﻮﺳ 1/
0 لﺎﻣﺮﻧ ﻢﯿﻈﻨﺗ ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ و
ﻪﺑ تﺪﻣ 30 ﻪﻘﯿﻗد و يﺎﻣد 80 ﻪﺟرد ﺮﺑ يور نﺰﻤﻫ ﯽﺴﯿﻃﺎﻨﻐﻣ
راﺮﻗ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ . ﺲﭙﺳ 1 مﺮﮔ ﻦﯿﺘﮑﭘ رد 50 ﯽﻠﯿﻣ ﺮﺘﯿﻟ بآ ﺮﻄﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ
تﺪﻣ 12 ﺖﻋﺎﺳ رد يﺎﻣد 30 ﻪﺟرد ﺎﺑ نﺰﻤﻫ ﯽﺴﯿﻃﺎﻨﻐﻣ طﻮﻠﺨﻣ
ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ] 13 [ و رد ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ يﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﻧاﺪﮕﻧر ﻦﯿﻧﺎﺘﺑ رد حﻮﻄﺳ
) 5 - 5/
2 - 0 ﯽﻧزو / ﯽﻤﺠﺣ (%
ﻪﻓﺎﺿا و ﺎﺑ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا زا هﺎﮕﺘﺳد
رﺰﯾﺎﻧژﻮﻤﻫ )
D9I12 ﺖﮐﺮﺷ
،ﻒﻟوﺪﯾﺎﻫ نﺎﻤﻟآ
( ﻪﺑ تﺪﻣ 2 ﻪﻘﯿﻗد
ﺎﺑ رود 13000 نژﻮﻤﻫ ﺪﺷ و ﺲﭙﺳ ﻮﻧﺎﻧ هرذ ﺪﯿﺴﮐا ﺲﻣ رد حﻮﻄﺳ
) 4 - 2 - 0 ﯽﻧزو / ﯽﻤﺠﺣ (%
ﻪﺑ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﻪﻓﺎﺿا و ﻪﺑ تﺪﻣ 10 ﻪﻘﯿﻗد
يور نﺰﻤﻫ ﯽﺴﯿﻃﺎﻨﻐﻣ ﻦﮕﻤﻫ
ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ . رد ﺖﯾﺎﻬﻧ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ رد
1. Whey Protein Isolated
مﺎﻤﺣ ﺪﻧﻮﺳاﺮﺘﻟوا ﻪﺑ
تﺪﻣ 10 ﻪﻘﯿﻗد راﺮﻗ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ لوﺮﺴﯿﻠﮔو ﻪﺑ
ناﺰﯿﻣ 40 ﺪﺻرد نزو هدﺎﻣ ﮏﺸﺧ ﻪﻓﺎﺿا و ﻪﺑ تﺪﻣ 15 ﻪﻘﯿﻗد ر يو
نﺰﻤﻫ راﺮﻗ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ و لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﻞﮑﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻪﺑ تﺪﻣ 10 ﻪﻘﯿﻗد
يﺮﯿﮔاﻮﻫ و رد ﺖﯿﻠﭘ ﻪﺘﺨﯾر و ﺲﭙﺳ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ يﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ رد ﻞﺧاد نوآ
ﺎﺑ يﺎﻣد 38 ﻪﺟرد ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ داﺮﮔ ﮏﺸﺧ ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ و ﺲﭘ زا ﮏﺸﺧ
،نﺪﺷ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ زا ﺢﻄﺳ ﺖﯿﻠﭘ اﺪﺟ و نﻮﻣزآ يﺎﻫ ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷﻮﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ و
ﯽﮑﯿﻧﺎﮑﻣ ﺮﺑ يور نآ مﺎﺠﻧا ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ] 14 .[
2 - 2 - 2 - ﺑﺎﯾزرا ﯽ ﯽﮔﮋﯾو يﺎﻫ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ﺖﯾزﻮﭙﻣﺎﮐﻮﻧﺎﻧ
2 - 2 - 2 - 1 - ﺖﺑﻮﻃر
ياﺮﺑ هزاﺪﻧا يﺮﯿﮔ
،ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ تﺎﻌﻄﻗ 3
× 3 ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﺮﺘﻣ ﻊﺑﺮﻣ
هﺪﯾﺮﺑ و نزو ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ و ﺲﭙﺳ رد نوآ رد يﺎﻣد 110 ﻪﺟرد
داﺮﮕﯿﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ تﺪﻣ 3 ﺖﻋﺎﺳ ﺎﺗ نﺪﯿﺳر ﻪﺑ نزو ﺖﺑﺎﺛ راﺮﻗ هداد و
رد ﺖﯾﺎﻬﻧ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﻢﻠﯿﻓ زا ﻪﻄﺑار ﺮﯾز ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳد ﺪﻣآ ] 13 .[
× M1- M2 / M1
100 = ﺖﺑﻮﻃر
ﻪﮐ M1
نزو ﻪﯿﻟوا ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ و M2
نزو ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺲﭘ زا ﮏﺸﺧ نﺪﺷ
ﯽﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
2 - 2 - 2 - 2 - ﺖﯿﻟﻼﺣ
ﺖﯿﻟﻼﺣ رد بآ ﻪﺑ ترﻮﺻ ﺪﺻرد هدﺎﻣ ﮏﺸﺧ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ﻞﺣ هﺪﺷ ﺪﻌﺑ
زا 24 ﺖﻋﺎﺳ ﻪﻃﻮﻏ يرو رد بآ نﺎﯿﺑ ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ . ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ
تﺎﻌﻄﻗ 2cm 2× هﺪﯾﺮﺑ و زﻮﺗ ﻦﯾ ﺪﻧﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ﺲﭙﺳ رد 30mL بآ
ﺮﻄﻘﻣ ﻪﻃﻮﻏ رو و ﻪﺑ تﺪﻣ 3 ﺖﻋﺎﺳ هدﺰﻤﻫ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ . ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ رد نوآ
ﺎﺑ يﺎﻣد 105 ﻪﺟرد ﻪﺑ تﺪﻣ 24 ﺖﻋﺎﺳ ﮏﺸﺧ ﺪﻧﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ] 15 .[
ﺪﺻرد ﺖﯿﻟﻼﺣ رد بآ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ﺎﻫ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﻟدﺎﻌﻣ ﺮﯾز ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ :
100
× ] Wi
) / Wf
- Wi
(
=[ ﺖﯿﻟﻼﺣ %
ﻪﮐ Wi
و Wf
ﻪﺑ ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ نزو ﻪﯿﻟوا و نزو ﯽﯾﺎﻬﻧ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ يﺎﻫ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ
ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ .
2 - 2 - 2 - 3 - ﮓﻧر ﯽﺠﻨﺳ
ﺎﺑ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا زا ﮓﻧر ﺞﻨﺳ
،CIE ) Minolta CR300 Series,
Minolta Camera Co. Ltd., Osaka, Japan (
، هزاﺪﻧا
يﺮﯿﮔ ﮓﻧر ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ﺎﻫ مﺎﺠﻧا ﺪﺷ . يﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ، L
و a
، b ﺺﺧﺎﺷ
،يدرز ﻪﯾواز ﮓﻧر و فﻼﺘﺧا ﯽﻠﮐ ﮓﻧر ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ
،(ΔE) ﻪﺑ
رﻮﺻ ت ﺮﯾز ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ . ﻪﮐ L
، ∆ a و∆ b توﺎﻔﺗ ∆ ﻦﯿﺑ
يﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﮓﻧر
طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ﺎﻫ و يﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﻪﺤﻔﺻ
ﺪﯿﻔﺳ دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا ) 39 / 97 = ،L 11 / 5 -
= ،a 16 /7 = ( b
ﯽﻣ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ] 16 .[
Hue angle = tan -1 (b/a) Chroma C=
∆H (Yellow Index) = (∆E)2-(∆L)2-(∆C)2
2 - 2 - 2 - 4 - ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿ
ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ﺎﻫ ﺎﺑ ﺞﻨﺳﺰﯾر ﯽﻟﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد ) Mitutoyo-Co, Japan (
ﺎﯾ ﺖﻗد 001 /0 ﺮﺘﻤﯿﻠﯿﻣ ﻪﺑ رﻮﻃ ﯽﻓدﺎﺼﺗ رد 10 ﺖﯿﻌﻗﻮﻣ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ و
ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ نآ ﺎﻫ رد تﺎﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺪﺷ ] 17 .[
2 - 2 - 2 - 5 - اﻮﺧ ص ﯽﮑﯿﻧﺎﮑﻣ
ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ ﯽﺸﺸﮐ و دﺎﯾدزا لﻮﻃ ﺎﺗ ﻪﻄﻘﻧ ﺖﺴﮑﺷ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ﺎﻫ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ
هﺎﮕﺘﺳد ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﺞﻨﺳ ) TA.TX.plus Texture analyser (
ا هزاﺪﻧ يﺮﯿﮔ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ . ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ يﺎﻫ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ رد دﺎﻌﺑا 1cm
× 5 هﺪﯾﺮﺑ و ﻪﺑ
تﺪﻣ 72 ﺖﻋﺎﺳ رد ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﯽﺒﺴﻧ 55 ) % ﻢﯿﺴﻠﮐ تاﺮﺘﯿﻧ ( و يﺎﻣد
ﻂﯿﺤﻣ طوﺮﺸﻣ ﺪﻧﺪﯾدﺮﮔ . ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﻪﯿﻟوا ﻦﯿﺑ ود ﮏﻓ هﺎﮕﺘﺳد و
ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﺖﮐﺮﺣ ﮏﻓ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ 30 mm
و sec/mm 83
/0
دﻮﺑ ] 18 .[
يﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﯽﮑﯿﻧﺎﮑﻣ
ﺎﺑ ﻂﺑاور ﺮﯾز ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ :
Fmax / A = ﯽﺸﺸﮐ توﺎﻘﻣ
ﺖﺴﮑﺷ ﻪﻄﻘﻧ ﺎﺗ لﻮﻃ دﺎﯾدزا= Lmax / L0 × 100
ﻪﮐ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ A ﺢﻄﺳ ﻊﻄﻘﻣ ﯽـﺿﺮﻋ ﻢﻠﯿـﻓ ) m2 (،
ﺮـﺑاﺮﺑ ﺮﺜﮐاﺪـﺣ
وﺮﯿﻧ رد ﻪﻄﻘﻧ ﺖﺴﮑﺷ ) (،N ﺮـﺑاﺮﺑ
ﯽﮔﺪﯿﺸـﮐ ﻢﻠﯿـﻓ
رد ﻪـﻄﻘﻧ
ﯽﮔرﺎﭘ ) (،m ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ لﻮﻃ ﻪﯿﻟوا ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ) (،m ﯽﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
3 - 2 - 2 - ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ و ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ يرﺎﻣآ
رد ﻦﯾا
،ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻪﯿﻬﺗ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ﺖﯾزﻮﭙﻣﺎﮐﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﺮﺑ
ﻪﯾﺎﭘ يو ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ
ﻪﻟوﺰﯾا - ﻦﯿﺘﮑﭘ و يوﺎﺣ تارذﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﺪﯿﺴﮐا ﺲﻣ و ﻪﻧاﺪﮕﻧر ﻦﯿﻧﺎﺘﺑ زا
ﺮﻃ ح ﺐﮐﺮﻣ يﺰﮐﺮﻣ رد ﻪﺳ ﺢﻄﺳ ياﺮﺑ ود ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ هرذﻮﻧﺎﻧ
ﺪﯿﺴﮐا ﺲﻣ ) 0 - 2 - 4 (%
و ﻪﻧاﺪﮕﻧر ﻦﯿﻧﺎﺘﺑ ) 0 - 5/
2 - 5 (%
رد 13 رﺎﻤﯿﺗ
ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﺎﺑ لوﺪﺟ 1 رد ﺐﻟﺎﻗ حﺮﻃ ﺐﮐﺮﻣ يﺰﮐﺮﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺪﺷ .
ياﺮــﺑ نﻮــﻣزآ ﯽــﻨﻌﻣ يراد رﻮﺘﮐﺎــﻓ زا شور ﻪــﯾﺰﺠﺗ و ﻞــﯿﻠﺤﺗ
ﺲﻧﺎﯾراو ) ANOVA (
و مﺮـﻧ راﺰـﻓا Design Expert 11.0.0
هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ و ﺐﯾﺮـﺿ تاﺮـﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﺐﯾﺮـﺿ،2
ﻦﯿـﯿﺒﺗ ) R2 (،
ﺐﯾﺮـﺿ
ﻦﯿـــﯿﺒﺗ حﻼـــﺻا هﺪـــﺷ (Adj-R2)
، نﻮـــﻣزآ مﺪـــﻋ ﻖﺑﺎـــﻄﺗ
لﺪﻣ P>0.05)3 (
و ﺢﻄﺳ ﯽﻨﻌﻣ يراد 95 % ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ .
2. Coefficient of variation 3. Lack of Fit
Table 1 List of Experiments in the CCD Run Betanin (W/V) CuO (W/V)
1 5 0
2 5 2
3 2.5 0
4 2.5 2
5 2.5 4
6 0 2
7 0 0
8 5 4
9 2.5 2
10 2.5 2
11 2.5 2
12 0 4
13 2.5 2
3 - ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ و ﺚﺤﺑ
3 - 1 - نﻮﻣزآ يﺎﻫ ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷﻮﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ
3 - 1 - 1 - ﺖﺑﻮﻃر
ﺎﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺰﯿﻟﺎﻧآ ﺲﻧﺎﯾراو ) لوﺪﺟ 2 (،
ﺮﺛا ﯽﮑﺗ ﻪﻧاﺪﮕﻧر ﻦﯿﻧﺎﺘﺑ
و هرذﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﺪﯿﺴﮐا ﺲﻣ ﺮﺑ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ﺎﻫ رادﺎﻨﻌﻣ دﻮﺑ ) P≤0.05 (
ﻮﻄﺑ ﻪﮑﯾر ﺎﺑ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻪﻧاﺪﮕﻧر ﻦﯿﻧﺎﺘﺑ هرذﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﺪﯿﺴﮐا ﺲﻣ
ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ) ﻞﮑﺷ 1 - .(a ﺖﻠﻋ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺖﺑﻮﻃر
ﻪﺑ مﺎﮕﻨﻫ ندوﺰﻓا ﻪﻧاﺪﮕﻧر ﻦﯿﻧﺎﺘﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻠﻋ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ تﻻﺎﺼﺗا ﯽﺿﺮﻋ
رد ﻦﯿﺑ هﺮﯿﺠﻧز يﺎﻫ
،يﺮﻤﯿﻠﭘﻮﯿﺑ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا
هوﺮﮔ يﺎﻫ ﻞﯿﺴﮐورﺪﯿﻫ و
دﻮﺟو تﺎﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ ﺖﺳوﺪﺑآ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ تﺎﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ ﻮﻨﻓ ﯽﻟ رد ﻪﻧاﺪﮕﻧر ﻦﯿﻧﺎﺘﺑ
ﺖﺳا ﻪﮐ رد ﺖﯾﺎﻬﻧ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ بﺬﺟ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ لﻮﮑﻟﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ بآ
ﯽﻣ دﻮﺷ ] 19 .[
زا ﯽﻓﺮﻃ ﺖﻠﻋ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺎﺑ ندوﺰﻓا ﻮﻧﺎﻧ هرذ
ﺪﯿﺴﮐا ﺲﻣ ﯽﻣ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻠﻋ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺶﻨﮑﻤﻫﺮﺑ ﻦﯿﺑ
هﺮﯿﺠﻧز
يﺮﻤﯿﻠﭘﻮﯿﺑ و
هرذﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﻪﻓﺎﺿا هﺪـﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ يﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ و ﻪﺑ لﺎﺒﻧد نآ
ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا هوﺮﮔ رﺪﯿﻫ ﻞﯿﺴﮐو ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ] 20 .[
ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﯽﻬﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ
Ojagh و نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ ) 2018 (،
ﺎﺑ ندوﺰﻓا هرذﻮﻧﺎﻧ يد ﺪﯿﺴﮐا مﻮﯿﻧﺎﺘﯿﺗ
رد ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ﯽﮐارﻮﺧ ﺮﺑ ﻪﯾﺎﭘ رﺎﮔآ / ﻦﯿﺗﻻژ نﺎﯿﺑ ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ ] 21 .[
ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ
ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ رد ﻖﺑﺎﻄﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ Sugita و نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ ) 2020 ( دﻮﺑ ﻪﮐ
ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ ندوﺰﻓا ﻪﻧاﺪﮕﻧر ﻦﺗورﺎﮐﺎﺘﺑ و
ﯽﺴﮐورﺪﯿﻫ ﻮﺗ
ﻦﺋﻮﻟ رد
ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ﯽﮐارﻮﺧ ﺮﺑ ﻪﯾﺎﭘ نازﻮﺘﯿﮐ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﯽﻣ دﻮﺷ ] 22 .[
3 - 1 - 2 - ﺖﯿﻟﻼﺣ
ﺎﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺰﯿﻟﺎﻧآ ﺲﻧﺎﯾراو و ﺖﯾاﺮﺿ ﯽﻧﻮﯿﺳﺮﮔر ) لوﺪﺟ 2 (،
ﺮﺛا ﯽﮑﺗ يﺎﻫرﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ درﻮﻣ
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ و ﺶﻨﮑﻤﻫﺮﺑ ﻪﻧاﺪﮕﻧر
ﻦﯿﻧﺎﺘﺑ - هرذﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﺪﯿﺴﮐا ﺲﻣ ﺮﺑ ﺖﯿﻟﻼﺣ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ﺎﻫ رادﺎﻨﻌﻣ
دﻮﺑ ) P≤0.05 ( ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ ) ﻞﮑﺷ 1 - (،b ﺎﺑ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻪﻧاﺪﮕﻧر ﻦﯿﻧﺎﺘﺑ
و هرذﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﺖﯿﻟﻼﺣ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺖﻓﺎﯾ و ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺖﯿﻟﻼﺣ
رد ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﯽﯾﺎﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﮐ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻪﻧاﺪﮕﻧر ﻦﯿﻧﺎﺘﺑ - هرذﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﺪﯿﺴﮐا ﺲﻣ
هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ . ﻮﻧﺎﻧ تارذ ﺪﯿﺴﮐا ﺲﻣ زا ﻖﯾﺮﻃ ﺪﻧﻮﯿﭘ ﯽﻧژورﺪﯿﻫ و
ﺶﻨﮑﻤﻫﺮﺑ ا
ﯽﮑﯿﺗﺎﺘﺳاوﺮﺘﮑﻟ ﺎﺑ
هﺮﯿﺠﻧز يﺎﻫ يو ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ
ﻪﻟوﺰﯾا - ﻦﯿﺘﮑﭘ طﺎﺒﺗرا راﺮﻗﺮﺑ هدﻮﻤﻧ و ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺶﻨﮑﻤﻫﺮﺑ
هﺮﯿﺠﻧز ﺎﻫ ﯽﻣ دﻮﺷ ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ رد ﺮﺛا ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺶﻨﮑﻤﻫﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ و ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا
يﺰﯾﺮﮕﺑآ ﺲﯾﺮﺗﺎﻣ
،يﺮﻤﯿﻠﭘﻮﯿﺑ ﺖﯿﻟﻼﺣ
لﻮﮑﻟﻮﻣوﺮﮐﺎﻣ ﺎﻫ
ﺶﻫﺎﮐ
ﯽﻣ ﺪﺑﺎﯾ ] 23 .[
ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﯽﻬﺑﺎﺸﻣ رد صﻮﺼﺧ ﻫﺎﮐ ﺶ ﺖﯿﻟﻼﺣ ﺎﺑ ندوﺰﻓا
تارذﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﺪﯿﺴﮐا يور رد ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ﯽﮐارﻮﺧ يوﺎﺣ ﻦﯿﺘﮑﭘ / تﺎﻨﯾژﺮﻟآ
ﻂﺳﻮﺗ و Ngo نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ ) 2018 ( نﺎﯿﺑ هﺪﺷ ﺖﺳا ] 24 .[
زا ﯽﻓﺮﻃ
ﻞﯿﻟد ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺖﯿﻟﻼﺣ رد بآ ﺎﺑ ندوﺰﻓا ﻪﻧاﺪﮕﻧر ار ﺰﯿﻧ ﯽﻣ ناﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ
ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﯽﺘﺳوﺪﺑآ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ﺎﻫ رد ﺮﺛا ﺮﺑ ﺶﻨﮑﻤﻫ ﻦﯿﺑ تﺎﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ ﯽﻟﻮﻨﻓ
ﻪﻧاﺪﮕﻧر ﻦﯿﻧﺎﺘﺑ و ز هﺮﯿﺠﻧ يﺮﻤﯿﻠﭘﻮﯿﺑ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ
ﺎﻫ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ داد ﻪﮐ ﯽﻣ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
ﯽﺳﺮﺘﺳد ﺖﺣار
هوﺮﮔ يﺎﻫ ﻞﯿﺴﮐورﺪﯿﻫ ياﺮﺑ
ﺶﻨﮐاو ﺎﺑ
لﻮﮑﻟﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ بآ ار ﺶﻫﺎﮐ هداد و
ًﺎﺒﻗﺎﻌﺘﻣ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ يﺰﯾﺮﮕﺑآ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ﺎﻫ دﻮﺷ
] 25 .[
ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ رد ﻖﺑﺎﻄﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ Rahman -
Abdul و
Abass ) (2021 دﻮﺑ ﻪﮐ زا ﺖﺳﻮﭘ رﺎﻧا رد ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ارﻮﺧ ﯽﮐ ﺮﺑ ﻪﯾﺎﭘ
نازﻮﺘﯿﮐ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ ] 26 .[
3 - 1 - 3 - ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿ
ﺎﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺐﯾاﺮﺿ ﯽﻧﻮﯿﺳﺮﮔر ﺶﯿﭘ
ﯽﻨﯿﺑ هﺪﻨﻨﮐ ) لوﺪﺟ 2 (،
ﺮﺛا ﯽـﮑﺗ
ﻪﻧاﺪﮕﻧر ﻦﯿﻧﺎﺘﺑ و هرذﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﺪﯿﺴﮐا ﺲﻣ ﺮﺑ ﺖﻣﺎﺨـﺿ ﻢﻠﯿـﻓ ﺎـﻫ رادﺎـﻨﻌﻣ
دﻮﺑ ) P≤0.05 .(
ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﻞﮑﺷ 1 -
،c ﺎﺑ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻪﻧاﺪﮕﻧر ﻦﯿﻧﺎﺘﺑ
و هرذﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﺪﯿﺴﮐا ﺲﻣ ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ﺎـﻫ ﺶﯾاﺰـﻓا ﺖـﻓﺎﯾ و ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸـﯿﺑ
ناﺰــﯿﻣ ﺖﻣﺎﺨــﺿ رد
ﻪــﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﯽﯾﺎــﻫ ﺎــﺑ ﺮﺜﮐاﺪــﺣ ناﺰــﯿﻣ ﻪــﻧاﺪﮕﻧر
ﻦﯿﻧﺎﺘﺑ - هرذﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﺪﯿﺴﮐا ﺲﻣ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺪﺷ . ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿ ﻢﻠﯿـﻓ ﺎـﻫ
ﺎﺑ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﻪـﻧاﺪﮕﻧر ؛ﻦﯿﻧﺎـﺘﺑ ﻪـﺑ ﺖـﻠﻋ ﺶﯾاﺰـﻓا ناﺰـﯿﻣ داﻮـﻣ ﺪـﻣﺎﺟ
لﻮـﻠﺤﻣ رد ﺲﯾﺮﺗﺎـﻣ يﺮـﻤﯿﻠﭘ هدﻮــﺑ و ﻦﯿـﻨﭽﻤﻫ هﻮـﺤﻧ يﺮــﯿﮔراﺮﻗ
ﻟﻮﻣ لﻮﮑ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻧاﺪﮕﻧر ﻪﮐ ﺐﺒﺳ دﺎﺠﯾا رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺖـﺧاﻮﻨﮑﯾﺮﯿﻏ هاﺮـﻤﻫ
ﺎﺑ ﺬﻓﺎﻨﻣ هﺪﺷ و ﻦﯾا ﺬﻓﺎﻨﻣ ﯽﻣ ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ سﻮﺒﺤﻣ ندﺮﮐ لﻮـﮑﻟﻮﻣ يﺎـﻫ
بآ ﺮــﺠﻨﻣ ﻪــﺑ ﺶﯾاﺰــﻓا ﺖــﺑﻮﻃر و مرﻮــﺗ ﻢﻠﯿــﻓ ﺎــﻫ و رد ﺖــﯾﺎﻬﻧ
ﺶﯾاﺰـــــــﻓا ﺖﻣﺎﺨـــــــﺿ
نآ ﺎـــــــﻫ ﺪـــــــﻧدﺮﮔ ]
27 و 13 .[
Fig 1 Effect of CuO Nanoparticles and Betanin on Moisture (a), Solubility (b) and Thickness (c) of Whey Protein Isolated / Pectin Nanocomposite Film
ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﯽﻬﺑﺎﺸﻣ رد صﻮﺼﺧ ﺶﯾاﺰـﻓا ﺖﻣﺎﺨـﺿ ﻂـﺳﻮﺗ
Sugita و
نارﺎــﮑﻤﻫ ) 2020 ( رد ﻢﻠﯿــﻓ نازﻮــﺘﯿﮐ ﺎــﺑ ندوﺰــﻓا ــﮐﺎﺘﺑ ﻦﺗورﺎ و
ﯽﺴﮐورﺪﯿﻫ ﻦﺋﻮﻟﻮﺗ
شراﺰـﮔ هﺪـﺷ ﺖـﺳا ] 28 .[
ﻦﯿـﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﺶﯾاﺰـﻓا
ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ يﺎﻫ ﯽﺘﯾزﻮﭙﻣﺎﮐﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﺎﺑ
ندوﺰﻓا هرذﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﺪﯿﺴﮐا ﺲـﻣ ﻪـﻧ
ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻠﻋ ياﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﺪﻣﺎﺟ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ رد ﺮﺛا ندوﺰﻓا هرذﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﯽـﻣ ؛ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ
ﻪﮑﻠﺑ ﺎﺑ دﺎـﺠﯾا يﺎﻫﺪـﻧﻮﯿﭘ ﯽﮑﯿﺗﺎﺘـﺳاوﺮﺘﮑﻟا
ﻦﯿـﺑ ﻦﯿـﺘﮑﭘ و ﻮﻧﺎـﻧ هرذ
ﺪﯿﺴﮐا ﺲﻣ و ﺶﺨﭘ نﺪـﺷ بﻮـﺧ ﻮﻧﺎـﻧ هرذ رد رﺎﺘﺧﺎـﺳ ﺲﯾﺮﺗﺎـﻣ
يﺮﻤﯿﻠﭘ ﻪﺑﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿ رد ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ﯽـﻣ دﻮـﺷ ] 29 .[
ﺞﯾﺎـﺘﻧ
ﯽﻬﺑﺎﺸــﻣ ﻂــﺳﻮﺗ Jebel and Almasi )
2016 ( رد ﻢﻠﯿــﻓ يﺎــﻫ
يﺰﻟﻮﻠﺳ يوﺎﺣ ﻮﻧﺎﻧ هرذ شراﺰﮔ ZnO هﺪﺷ ﺖﺳا ] 30 .[
3 - 1 - 4 - ﮓﻧر ﯽﺠﻨﺳ
ﺎﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺰﯿﻟﺎﻧآ ﺲﻧﺎﯾراو ) لوﺪﺟ 3 (،
ﺮﺛا ﻪﻧاﺪﮕﻧر ﻦﯿﻧﺎﺘﺑ و هرذﻮﻧﺎﻧ
ﺪﯿﺴﮐا ﺲﻣ ﺮﺑ يﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﮓـﻧر
ﻪـﻧﻮﻤﻧ يﺎـﻫ ﻢﻠﯿـﻓ رادﺎـﻨﻌﻣ
دﻮﺑ ) P≤0.05 .(
رﻮﻄﻧﺎﻤﻫ ﻪﮐ ﻪﻈﺣﻼﻣ ﯽﻣ ددﺮﮔ ) ﻞﮑﺷ 2 (،
ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا
حﻮﻄﺳ ﻮﻧﺎﻧ تارذ ﺪﯿﺴﮐا ﺲﻣ ﺐﺒﺳ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﯽـﻤﮐ رد ﺺﺧﺎـﺷ L
ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ﺎﻫ ﺪﺷ و ﺎﺑ ندوﺰﻓا ﻦﯿﻧﺎﺘﺑ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﯽﯾﺎﻨﺷور ﻢﻠﯿﻓ (L)
ﺎﻫ ﻪـﺑ رﻮـﻃ
ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﯽﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺖﻓﺎﯾ . ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ا ندوﺰﻓ ﻦﯿﻧﺎﺘﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ ﺐﺒـﺳ
ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا و ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ) a يﺰﻣﺮﻗ ( و ) b يدرز ( ﻢﻠﯿـﻓ ﺎـﻫ ﺪـﺷ .
ﻞﯿﻟد ﻦﯾا رﺎﺘﻓر ﻪﺑ ﺖﻠﻋ ﻻﺎـﺑ ندﻮـﺑ ﻪـﻧاﺪﮕﻧر يﺎـﻫ يﺰـﻣﺮﻗ و ﻦﯿﯾﺎـﭘ
ندﻮﺑ ﻪﻧاﺪﮕﻧر يدرز رد ﻦﯿﻧﺎـﺘﺑ ﯽـﻣ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ . ﺞﯾﺎـﺘﻧ ﯽﻬﺑﺎﺸـﻣ رد ﻦـﯾا
صﻮﺼﺧ ﺎﺑ ندوﺰﻓا ﻦﻠﯿـﺘﻣ ﻮـﻠﺑ ﻪـﺑ ﻢﻠﯿـﻓ ﺮـﺑ ﻪـﯾﺎﭘ ﻦﯿـﺘﮑﭘ شراﺰـﮔ
ﺪﺷ ] 31 .[
ﻪﺑ هوﻼﻋ ندوﺰﻓا تارذﻮﻧﺎـﻧ ﺪﯿﺴـﮐا
ﺲـﻣ ﺮﯿﺛﺎـﺗ ﯽﻧاﺪـﻨﭼ
يور ناﺰﯿﻣ يﺰﻣﺮﻗ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ﺎـﻫ ﺖـﺷاﺪﻧ رد ﻪـﮑﯿﻟﺎﺣ ﺐﺒـﺳ ﺶﻫﺎـﮐ رد
ناﺰﯿﻣ ) b يدرز ( ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ﺪﺷ .
Table 2 Regression coefficients of physicochemical properties of nanocomposite films Thickness
Solubility Moisture
Factor
**0.0005
*39.74
**1.3 Model
0.12 75.71
16.29 Intercept
0.005**
2.23*- 0.56**
A
0.01**
3.07*- 0.13**
B
0.0003 0.68*
0.01- AB
0.0001- 0
0.02**- A2
0.001*- 0
0.0002- B2
0.97 0.71
0.99 R2
0.96 0.61
0.98 Adj-R2
11.73ns 92.07ns
12.53ns Lack of fit
1.74 1.58
0.46 CV%
*:p≤0.05:** p<0.01 ،:ns(non-significant) p≥0.05 ، A :Betanin B :CuO Nanoparticles
Table 3 filmnanocompositeofparameterscolorimetricofcoefficientsRegression Yellow index ΔE
Hue b
a Factor L
**5610.36
*513.33
**1430.46
*6.28
**336.66
**815.07 Model
34.60 72.02
94.51 22.07
0.08 70.91
Intercept
81.48**
12.80- 33.03**-
1.76- 17.31**
27.90**- A
4.96 15.22*-
54.7**- 0.05*-
2.16**
10.31- B
5.19*- 0.64-
3.25**
0.71**
1.18*- 2.97**
AB
10.82- 2.78*
3.61**
0 2.28**-
3.06**
A2
0.99**
2.99 1.65**
0 0.68-
1.14 B2
0.94 0.80
0.94 0.57
0.90 0.95
R2
0.90 0.66
0.91 0.43
0.84 0.93
Adj-R2
1.25 0.69
1.60 1.79
1.58 2.46
CV%
*:p≤0.05:** p<0.01 ،:ns(non-significant) p≥0.05 ، A :Betanin B :CuO Nanoparticles
Fig 2 Effect of CuO Nanoparticles and Betanin on Colorimetric Parameters of Whey Protein Isolated / Pectin Nanocomposite Film
ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﯽﻬﺑﺎﺸﻣ رد صﻮﺼﺧ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ
ﻣ ناﺰﯿ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﯽﯾﺎﻨﺷور و
يﺰﻣﺮﻗ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ﺎﻫ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ Shankar و
نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ ) 2014 ( شراﺰﮔ ﺪﺷ ﻪﮐ
نﺎﯿﺑ ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ ﺎﺑ ندوﺰﻓا تارذﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﺪﯿﺴﮐا يور ﻪﺑ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ﺮﺑ ﻪﯾﺎﭘ
ﻦﯿﺗﻻژ زا ناﺰﯿﻣ و L*
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ b*
يﺎﻫ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ﻪﺘﺳﺎﮐ ﺪﺷ ] 32 .[
ندوﺰﻓا
تارذﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﺪﯿﺴﮐا
ﺲﻣ ﺐﺒﺳ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﯽﻤﮐ رد ﺺﺧﺎﺷ
يدرز ) Yellow index (
ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ﺎﻫ ﺪﺷ . ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﺎﺑ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺖﻈﻠﻏ
،ﻦﯿﻧﺎﺘﺑ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﯽﻬﺟﻮﺗ رد ﺺﺧﺎﺷ يدرز ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ
ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ . ﻪﯾواز ﻮﯿﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ يﺎﻫ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ﺎﺑ ندوﺰﻓا تارذﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﺪﯿﺴﮐا ﺲﻣ
و ﻦﯿﻧﺎﺘﺑ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﻪﮐ ﻦﯾا ﺶﻫﺎﮐ رد درﻮﻣ ﺪﯿﺴﮐا ﺲﻣ ﺰﯿﭼﺎﻧ
ﺖﺳا . فﻼﺘﺧا ﻞﮐ ﮓﻧر (ΔE) ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ يﺎﻫ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ﺮﺑ ﻪﯾﺎﭘ ﻦﯿﺘﮑﭘ ﺎﺑ
ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﻦﯿﻧﺎﺘﺑ و تارذﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﺪﯿﺴﮐا ﺲﻣ اﺪﺘﺑا ﺶﻫﺎﮐ و ﺲﭙﺳ
ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺖﻓﺎﯾ . ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﯽﻬﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻟوا و نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ ) 1394 (
شراﺰﮔ ﺪﺷ ﻪﮐ نﺎﯿﺑ ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ ﺎﺑ ندوﺰﻓا تارذﻮﻧﺎﻧ مﻮﯿﻧﺎﺘﯿﺗ يد ﺪﯿﺴﮐا
ﻪﺑ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ﺮﺑ ﻪﯾﺎﭘ ﻪﺘﺳﺎﺸﻧ ناﺰﯿﻣ و a*
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ b*
يﺎﻫ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ﻪﺑ رﻮﻃ
يرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ] 33 .[
5 - 1 - 3 - صاﻮﺧ ﯽﮑﯿﻧﺎﮑﻣ
هداد يﺎﻫ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ ﯽﺸﺸﮐ ) (TS و دﺎﯾدزا لﻮﻃ ﺎﺗ ﻪﻄﻘﻧ
ﺖﺴﮑﺷ ) (STB ﻢﻠﯿﻓ يﺎﻫ ﺮﺑ ﻪﯾﺎﭘ يو ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ﻪﻟوﺰﯾا - ﻦﯿﺘﮑﭘ
يوﺎﺣ ﻪﻧاﺪﮕﻧر ﻦﯿﻧﺎﺘﺑ و هرذﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﺪﯿﺴﮐا ﺲﻣ ) ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ
) 0%CuO+0%Betanin (،
ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ﺖﯾزﻮﭙﻣﺎﮐ ﺎﺑ
ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻪﻧاﺪﮕﻧر
نوﺪﺑ هرذﻮﻧﺎﻧ ) 0%CuO+5%Betanin (،
ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ﺖﯾزﻮﭙﻣﺎﮐ ﺎﺑ
ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ هرذﻮﻧﺎﻧ نوﺪﺑ ﻪﻧاﺪﮕﻧر ) 4%CuO+0%Betanin (،
ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ﺖﯾزﻮﭙﻣﺎﮐ ﺎﺑ
ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻪﻧاﺪﮕﻧر
و هرذﻮﻧﺎﻧ
) 4%CuO+5%Betanin (
ﻖﺒﻃ حﺮﻃ يرﺎﻣآ ( رد ﻞﮑﺷ 3 نﺎﺸﻧ
هداد هﺪﺷ ﺖﺳا . رﻮﻄﻧﺎﻤﻫ ﻪﮐ ﻪﻈﺣﻼﻣ ﯽﻣ
،دﻮﺷ ﺎﺑ ندوﺰﻓا ﻮﻧﺎﻧ
تارذ ﺪﯿﺴﮐا
،ﺲﻣ دﺎﯾدزا لﻮﻃ ﺎﺗ ﻪﻄﻘﻧ ﺖﺴﮑﺷ و ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ ﯽﺸﺸﮐ
ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ رﻮﻃ يرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ) p<0.05 .(
ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا STB
ﻦﮑﻤﻣ ﺖﺳا ﻪﺑ ﺖﻠﻋ ﺮﺛا ﯽﺘﺳﻼﭘ يرﺰﯾﺎﺳ و ﯽﮔﺪﻨﮐاﺮﭘ ﺖﺧاﻮﻨﮑﯾ
ﻮﻧﺎﻧ هرذ ﺪﯿﺴﮐا ﺲﻣ رد ﺲﯾﺮﺗﺎﻣ ﺮﻤﯿﻠﭘﻮﯿﺑ يو ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ﻪﻟوﺰﯾا - ﻦﯿﺘﮑﭘ
زا ﻖﯾﺮﻃ يﺎﻫﺪﻧﻮﯿﭘ ﯽﻧﻮﯾ نﺎﯿﺑ دﺮﮐ ] 34 .[
زا ﯽﻓﺮﻃ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ يﺎﻫ
ﺖﯾزﻮﭙﻣﺎﮐﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﯽﻨﻏ
هﺪﺷ ﺎـﺑ ﻮﻧﺎﻧ تارذ ﺪﯿﺴﮐا ﺲﻣ ﻊﻧﺎﻣ ﺖﮐﺮﺣ
هﺮﯿﺠﻧز يﺎﻫ يﺮﻤﯿﻠﭘ ﯽﻣ دﻮﺷ ﻪﮐ ﻪـﺑ ﻪﺑﻮﻧ دﻮﺧ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا
ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ ﯽﺸﺸﮐ ﯽﻣ ددﺮﮔ ] 35 .[
ﻦﯾا ﺮﻣا ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﯽﮔﺪﻨﮐاﺮﭘ بﻮﺧ
ﻮﻧﺎﻧ تارذ ﺪﯿﺴﮐا ﺲﻣ و يرﺎﮔزﺎﺳ بﻮـﺧ
ﻦﯿـﺑ تارذﻮﻧﺎـﻧ و
ﺲﯾﺮﺗﺎﻣ يﺮﻤﯿﻠﭘ ار نﺎﺸﻧ ﯽﻣ ﺪﻫد . ﺶﯾاﺰـﻓا ﺖـﻣوﺎﻘﻣ ﯽﺸـﺸﮐ ار
ﯽﻣ ناﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ لﺎﻤﻋا هﺪﺷ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ
،تارذﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﺖـﻬﺟ
،يﺮـﯿﮔ
ﺖﺒﺴـﻧ يدﺎﻌﺑا ﻻﺎـﺑ و ﻦﯿـﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﺶﻨﮐاﺮﭘ ﺖﺧاﻮﻨﮑﯾ تارذﻮﻧﺎﻧ
رد
ﺮﺘﺴﺑ يﺮﻤﯿﻠﭘ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ داد ] 36 .[
ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﺎﺑ ندوﺰﻓا ﻪﻧاﺪﮕﻧر
،ﻦﯿﻧﺎﺘﺑ
دﺎﯾدزا لﻮﻃ ﺎﺗ ﻪﻄﻘﻧ ﺖﺴﮑﺷ و ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ ﯽﺸﺸﮐ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ﺎﻫ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﺑ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا و ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ) p<0.05 .(
ﺶﻫﺎﮐ
ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ ﯽﺸﺸﮐ ﺎﺑ ندوﺰﻓا ﻪﻧاﺪﮕﻧر ﻦﯿﻧﺎﺘﺑ ار ﯽﻣ ناﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻠﻋ
يﺮﯿﮔﻮﻠﺟ زا
دﺎﺠﯾا تﻻﺎﺼﺗا ﻦﯿﺑ ﻪﺘﺷر يا رد ﻪﮑﺒﺷ ﺎﻫﺮﻤﯿﻠﭘ رد ﺮﺛا
راﺮﻗ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ لﻮﮑﻟﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻧاﺪﮕﻧر رد ﻦﯿﺑ هﺮﯿﺠﻧز يﺎﻫ ﺮﻤﯿﻠﭘ ﺖﺴﻧاد
ﻪﮐ رد ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ ﺐﺒﺳ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ ﯽﺸﺸﮐ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ يﺎﻫ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ لﺎﻌﻓ رد
ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻧ ﻪﻧﻮﻤ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ هﺪﺷ ﺖﺳا ] 37 .[
ﻢﻠﯿﻓ يوﺎﺣ ﻮﻧﺎﻧ تارذ
ﺪﯿﺴﮐا ﺲﻣ و ﻦﯿﻧﺎﺘﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻞﯿﻟد ﺮﺛا ﻢﻫ ﯽﯾاﺰﻓا ﺪﯿﺴﮐا ﺲﻣ و ﻦﯿﻧﺎﺘﺑ
ياراد ﻦﯾﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ و TS
ﺖﺒﺴﻧ STB ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ دﻮﺑ . ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ رد
ﻖﻓاﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ يﺎﻫ Farshchi نارﺎﮑﻤﻫو
) 2019 (،
دﻮﺑ ﻪﮐ ﻪﮐ
شراﺰﮔ ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ ﺎﺑ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺪﺻرد ﻮﻧﺎﻧ تارذ TiO2-Ag دﺎﯾدزا
ﺎﺗ
ﻪﻄﻘﻧ ﺖﺴﮑﺷ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ يﺎﻫ ﺮﺑ ﻪﯾﺎﭘ ﯽﺴﮐﻮﺑﺮﮐ ﻞﯿﺘﻣ
ﺰﻟﻮﻠﺳ و ﻦﯿﺗﻻژ
حﻼﺻا هﺪﺷ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ] 38 .[
ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﯽﻬﺑﺎﺸﻣ ياﺮﺑ
ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ ﯽﺸﺸﮐ و لوﺪﻣ ﮓﻧﺎﯾ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ﺎﻫ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ و Dash
نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ ) 2019 ( ياﺮﺑ ندوﺰﻓا تارذﻮﻧﺎﻧ مﻮﯿﻧﺎﺘﯿﺗ يد ﺪﯿﺴﮐا ﻪﺑ
ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ﺮﺑ ﻪﯾﺎﭘ ﻪﺘﺳﺎﺸﻧ و ﻦﯿﺘﮑﭘ ﺎﺿ تﺎﻌﯾ ﻮﻤﯿﻟ شراﺰﮔ ﺪﺷ ] 39 .[
Fig 3 Tensile strength (a) and Elongation to Break (b) of Pec/ WPI films containing Betanin and CuO Different letters in the same column indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).
a b
4 - ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ يﺮﯿﮔ ﯽﻠﮐ
رد ﻦﯾا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺮﺛا ﻮﻧﺎﻧ هرذ ﺪﯿﺴﮐا ﺲﻣ رد حﻮﻄﺳ 0،
2 و 4 %
ﯽﻧزو / ﯽﻤﺠﺣ و ﻪﻧاﺪﮕﻧر ﻦﯿﻧﺎﺘﺑ رد حﻮﻄﺳ 0،
5/
2 و 5 % ﯽﻧزو /
ﯽﻤﺠﺣ رد ﺖﯾزﻮﭙﻣﺎﮐﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﺮﺑ
ﻪﯾﺎﭘ يو ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ﻪﻟوﺰﯾا / ﻦﯿﺘﮑﭘ درﻮﻣ
ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ راﺮﻗ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ . ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ زا نﻮﻣزآ يﺎﻫ ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷﻮﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ و
ﯽﮑﯿﻧﺎﮑﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ داد ﻪﮐ ﺎﺑ ندﺰﻓا ﻪﻧاﺪﮕﻧر ﻦﯿﻧﺎﺘﺑ و ﻮﻧﺎﻧ هرذ ﯿﺴﮐا ﺪ
ﺲﻣ ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿ و ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ﻪﯾ رﻮﻃ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﯽﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا و
ﺖﯿﻟﻼﺣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ) P<0/05 ( . ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﺎﺑ ندوﺰﻓا ﻪﻧاﺪﮕﻧر
ﻦﯿﻧﺎﺘﺑ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ يﺰﻣﺮﻗ ) (a ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا و ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﯽﯾﺎﻨﺷور ) (L و
يدرز ) (b ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺖﻓﺎﯾ . زا ﯽﻓﺮﻃ ندوﺰﻓا هرذﻮﻧﺎﻧ يﺮﺛا ﺮﺑ
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ a
ﺎﻫ ﺖﺷاﺪﻧ ﯽﻟو ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺪﯾدﺮﮔb
.
ﻢﻫ ﻦﯿﻨﭼ ﺎﺑ ندوﺰﻓا ﻪﻧاﺪﮕﻧر ﻦﯿﻧﺎﺘﺑ و هرذﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﺪﯿﺴﮐا ﺲﻣ ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ
ﯽﺸﺸﮐ و دﺎﯾدزا لﻮﻃ ﺎﺗ ﻪﻄﻘﻧ ﺖﺴﮑﺷ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ يﺎﻫ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ﻪﺑ رﻮﻃ
يرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ) P<0/05 .(
ﻪﺑ ﯽﻠﮐرﻮﻃ ندوﺰﻓا ﻮﻧﺎﻧ هرذ و
ﻪﻧاﺪﮕﻧر درﻮﻣ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ رد ﻦﯾا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻪﺑﺮﺠﻨﻣ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ صاﻮﺧ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ
ﺖﯾزﻮﭙﻣﺎﮐﻮﻧﺎﻧ يﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ
ﯽﻣ ﮔ ددﺮ .
5 - ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ
[1] Çakmak, H., Özselek, Y., Turan, O. Y., Fıratlıgil, E., & Karbancioğlu-Güler, F. (2020).
Whey protein isolate edible films incorporated with essential oils: Antimicrobial activity and barrier properties. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 179, 109285.
[2] Galus, S., & Kadzińska, J. (2016). Whey protein edible films modified with almond and walnut oils. Food Hydrocolloids, 52, 78-86.
[3] Shafie, M. H., Yusof, R., Samsudin, D., &
Gan, C. Y. (2020). Averrhoa bilimbi pectin- based edible films: Effects of the linearity and branching of the pectin on the physicochemical, mechanical, and barrier properties of the films. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 163, 1276-1282.
[4] Shahrampour, D., Khomeiri, M., Razavi, S.
M. A., & Kashiri, M. (2020). Development and characterization of alginate/pectin edible films containing Lactobacillus plantarum KMC 45. LWT, 118, 108758.
[5] Nouraddini, M., Mohtarami, F., & Esmaiili, M. (2019). The Effect of ZnO Nanoparticles on Physicochemical and AntioxidantProperties
of Films Based on Gelatin and Russian Olive Flour. Iranian Journal of Biosystems Engineering, 50(3), 737-748.
[6] Nouri, A., Yaraki, M. T., Ghorbanpour, M., Agarwal, S., & Gupta, V. K. (2018). Enhanced Antibacterial effect of chitosan film using Montmorillonite/CuO
nanocomposite. International journal of biological macromolecules, 109, 1219-1231.
[7] Shankar, S., Wang, L. F., & Rhim, J. W.
(2017). Preparation and properties of carbohydrate-based composite films
incorporated with CuO
nanoparticles. Carbohydrate polymers, 169, 264-271.
[8] Asdagh, A., Sani, I. K., Pirsa, S., Amiri, S., Shariatifar, N., Eghbaljoo–Gharehgheshlaghi, H., ... and Taniyan, A. (2021). Production and characterization of nanocomposite film based on whey protein isolated/copper oxide nanoparticles containing coconut essential oil and paprika extract. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 29(1), 335-349.
[9] Amjadi, S., Almasi, H., Ghorbani, M., &
Ramazani, S. (2020). Preparation and characterization of TiO2NPs and betanin loaded zein/sodium alginate nanofibers. Food Packaging and Shelf Life, 24, 100504.
[10] Yang, J., Fan, Y., Cui, J., Yang, L., Su, H., Yang, P., & Pan, J. (2021). Colorimetric films based on pectin/sodium alginate/xanthan gum incorporated with raspberry pomace extract for
monitoring protein-rich food
freshness. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 185, 959-965.
[11] Koosha, M., & Hamedi, S. (2019).
Intelligent Chitosan/PVA nanocomposite films containing black carrot anthocyanin and bentonite nanoclays with improved mechanical, thermal and antibacterial properties. Progress in Organic Coatings, 127, 338-347.
[12] Sharifi, K. A., & Pirsa, S. (2021).
Biodegradable film of black mulberry pulp pectin/chlorophyll of black mulberry leaf
encapsulated with
carboxymethylcellulose/silica nanoparticles:
Investigation of physicochemical and antimicrobial properties. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 267, 124580.
[13] Nisar, T., Wang, Z. C., Yang, X., Tian, Y., Iqbal, M., & Guo, Y. (2018). Characterization of citrus pectin films integrated with clove bud essential oil: Physical, thermal, barrier, antioxidant and antibacterial properties.
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 106, 670-680.
[14] Seydim, A. C., & Sarikus, G. (2006).
Antimicrobial activity of whey protein based edible films incorporated with oregano, rosemary and garlic essential oils. Food research international, 39(5), 639-644.
[15] Nafchi, A. M., Alias, A. K., Mahmud, S., &
Robal, M. (2012). Antimicrobial, rheological, and physicochemical properties of sago starch films filled with nanorod-rich zinc oxide.
Journal of food engineering, 113(4), 511-519.
[16] Mei, L. X., Nafchi, A. M., Ghasemipour, F., Easa, A. M., Jafarzadeh, S., & Al-Hassan, A.
A. (2020). Characterization of pH sensitive sago starch films enriched with anthocyanin- rich torch ginger extract. International journal of biological macromolecules, 164, 4603- 4612.
[17] Hosseini, S. F., et al. (2015). "Fabrication of bio-nanocomposite films based on fish gelatin reinforced with chitosan nanoparticles."
Food Hydrocolloids ,44: 172-182.
[18] Ekramian, S., Abbaspour, H., Roudi, B., Amjad, L., & Nafchi, A. M. (2021). Influence of Nigella sativa L. Extract on Physico‒Mechanical and Antimicrobial Properties of Sago Starch Film. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 29(1), 201- 208.
[19] Assis, R.Q., Lopes, S.M., Costa, T.M.H., Flôres, S.H. and de Oliveira Rios, A., 2017.
Active biodegradable cassava starch films incorporated lycopene nanocapsules. Industrial Crops and Products, 109, pp.818-827.
[20] Oleyaei, S.A., Zahedi, Y., Ghanbarzadeh, B. and Moayedi, A.A., 2016. Modification of physicochemical and thermal properties of starch films by incorporation of TiO2 nanoparticles. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 89, pp.256-264.
[21] Ojagh, M., Vejdan, A. and Abdollahi, M., 2018. Effect of nanoclay addition on the properties of agar/fish gelatin bilayer film containing TiO2 nanoparticles. Iranian Journal
Food Science and Technology
Research, 14(1), pp.27-38.
[22] Sugita, P., Ranindra, A., Arifin, B. and Irwanto, I., 2020, June. Physico-chemical and antioxidant properties of chitosan film with addition of β-carotene and butylated hydroxytoluene. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 2243, No. 1, p. 030024).
AIP Publishing LLC.
[23] Esfahani, A., Ehsani, M., Mizani, M. and Mohammadi, A., 2020. The synergistic effects of cinnamon essential oil and nano TiO2 on antimicrobial and functional properties of sago starch films. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 157, pp.743-751.
[24] Ngo, T.M.P., Dang, T.M.Q., Tran, T.X. and Rachtanapun, P., 2018. Effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the properties of pectin/alginate edible films. International Journal of Polymer Science, 2018.
[25] Rambabu, K, Bharath, G, Banat, F, Show, PL and Cocoletzi, HH 2019, Mango leaf extract incorporated chitosan antioxidant film for active food packaging. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 126,1234-1243.
[26] Abdul-Rahman, S.M. and Abass, A.F., 2021, May. Preparation of Edible Films Made from Chitosan with Pomegranate Peel Extract and Study Its Barrier, Mechanical and Antioxidant Properties. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol.
761, No. 1, p. 012122). IOP Publishing.
[27] Noronha, C.M., De Carvalho, S.M., Lino, R.C., Barreto, P.L.M., 2014. Characterization of antioxidant methylcellulose film incorporated with??-tocopherol nanocapsules.
Food Chem. 159, 529–535.
[28] Sugita, P., Ranindra, A., Arifin, B. and Irwanto, I., 2020, June. Physico-chemical and antioxidant properties of chitosan film with addition of β-carotene and butylated hydroxytoluene. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 2243, No. 1, p. 030024).
AIP Publishing LLC.
[29] Liu, Z., Lv, M., Li, F., and Zeng, M., (2016). Development, Characterization, and
Antimicrobial Activity of
Gelatin/Chitosan/ZnO Nanoparticle Composite
Films. Journal of aquatic food product technology, 25(7), 1056-1063.
[30] Jebel, F.S. and Almasi, H., 2016.
Morphological, physical, antimicrobial and release properties of ZnO nanoparticles-loaded bacterial cellulose films. Carbohydrate polymers, 149, pp.8-19.
[31] Pirsa, S., (2020). Biodegradable film based on pectin/Nano-clay/methylene blue:
Structural and physical properties and sensing ability for measurement of vitamin C.
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 163, 666-675.
[32] Shankar, S., Teng, X., Li, G., & Rhim, J.
W. (2015). Preparation, characterization, and antimicrobial activity of gelatin/ZnO nanocomposite films. Food Hydrocolloids, 45, 264-271.
[33] Hejri, Z., Seifkordi, A. A., Ahmadpour, A., Zebarjad, S. M., & Maskooki, A. (2013).
Biodegradable starch/poly (vinyl alcohol) film reinforced with titanium dioxide nanoparticles. International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy, and Materials, 20(10), 1001-1011.
[34] Babapour, H., Jalali, H., & Mohammadi Nafchi, A. (2021). The synergistic effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles and fennel essential oil on physicochemical, mechanical, and antibacterial properties of potato starch films.
Food Science & Nutrition.
[35] Ahmed, J., Arfat, Y.A., Castro-Aguirre, E., and Auras, R., (2016). Mechanical, structural and thermal properties of Ag–Cu and ZnO reinforced polylactide nanocomposite films.
International journal of biological macromolecules, 86, 885-892.
[36] Jayaramudu, J., Das, K., Sonakshi, M., Reddy, G.S.M., Aderibigbe, B., Sadiku, R., and Ray, S.S., (2014). Structure and properties of highly toughened biodegradable polylactide/ZnO biocomposite films.
International journal of biological macromolecules, 64, 428-434.
[37] Siripatrawan, U., Vitchayakitti, W., and Sanguandeekul, R., (2013). Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of T hai propolis extracted using ethanol aqueous solution. Int.
J. Food Sci. Technol, 48(1), 22-27.
[38] Farshchi, E., Pirsa, S., Roufegarinejad, L., Alizadeh, M., and Rezazad, M., (2019).
Photocatalytic/biodegradable film based on carboxymethyl cellulose, modified by gelatin and TiO2-Ag nanoparticles. Carbohydrate polymers, 216, 189-196.
[39] Dash, K. K., Ali, N. A., Das, D., &
Mohanta, D. (2019). Thorough evaluation of sweet potato starch and lemon-waste pectin based-edible films with nano-titania inclusions for food packaging applications. International journal of biological macromolecules, 139, 449-458.
Investigation of physicochemical and mechanical properties of nanocomposite film based on whey protein isolated and pectin
containing copper oxide nanoparticles and lip beet pigment (betanine)
Shabahang, Z. 1, Nouri, L. 1*, Mohammadi Nafchi, A. 1, 2
1. Food Science and Technology Department, Islamic Azad University, Damghan Branch, Damghan, Iran.
2. Green Biopolymer Coating and Packaging Centre, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia.
ABSTRACT ARTICLE INFO
Article History:
Received 2021/ 11/ 17 Accepted 2021/ 12/ 29
Keywords:
Edible film, CuO,
Betanin pigment, Mechanical properties.
Today, biodegradable packaging materials have received a great deal of attention due to growing concerns about non-degradable materials; Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of betanine pigment on surfaces (0, 2/5, 5 W/V%) and CuO nanoparticles on surfaces (0, 2, 4 W/V%) in nanocomposite film based on whey protein isolated / pectin in the form of a central composite design on the mechanical properties and physicochemical properties of the film is produced. The results showed that with increasing the percentage of betanine pigment and CuO nanoparticles, the thickness and moisture of the samples increased and the solubility decreased (P<0.05). Also, by adding high levels of betanin pigment, redness (a) increased and brightness (L) and yellowing (b) of the samples decreased. Addition of nanoparticles decreased b value while it had no significant effect on a value of the samples.
Also, by adding pigments and nanoparticles, tensile strength and elongation of film samples increased significantly (P <0.05). According to all the results, the use of CuO nanoparticles and betanine pigment in nanocomposite film leads to the production of a film suitable for food packaging with desirable physicochemical and mechanical properties.
DOI: 10.52547/fsct.19.122.71
DOR:20.1001.1.20088787.1401.19.122.25.8
*Corresponding Author E-Mail:
Iranian Journal of Food Science and Technology
Homepage:www.fsct.modares.ir Scientific Research
