! "#
$%" & !' ( !)"* %& + ! "# , - . '*(
/ 0 1 ( %2 3" 4 5 4 678 9:
;5 )
%&
5=>:
(
@ " A* 4 BC"# C '*( 4@ " A !C"# , - . '*(
E-mail:[email protected]
@ 3 D ! E" !F( 0$ & GHI$ J * - !0 $&
/ 0 ( @ " K $%" * 5=LM
N$& 8 O 3P
! $ O$ - 45
*Q
4 R8 ' (*
3
$P "* %& $F5
* N 4
@ " K ! "# , - . '*( 4 "* %& C '*(
4!- 3) * ! "# $FQ
C"# C '*(
!
@ " K ! "# , - . '*( 4
'* $F=
4B0 S T + U U6I #K$
@ " A S $
C2
:
! 6 ! E" $)0* W * - * ! E" !F( 0$
( "
. N($ 3- ! Y + 8 * N$0 Z J " ! E" !F( 0$
! ! ["
P 1 \- * !]D& * ($ @T ( K " &
! '*
! 0* *( $&
.
$%& ^ K _- & ! E" !F( 0$
N 4
!F($ *
( " N 3 &
.
S (*
N $& ` U6I a *: 9
=L 4 [" b P 0 ( 4cd ( * ' )0* 0$ G0 I @ " K @ )0$%" @ 3 D * $7'
( G0 I ! E" !F( 0$ N($ ($ 3- ^ K 4!7 - !.)
$F *$e !0 $& ( ( * ' )0* N &
.
) : )' D& 0 ( .)
! 7 -
! )
"
5 / 5:
4 8 ( G0 ) 5L 7 4 8 ( g
>
/ h5 8 ( ( [" b )
"
M /
; 4 8 (
G0 )
>
/ 5:
7 4 8 ( g
9 / L;
8 ( ( ($ ($C 3- ^ A N
)
"
Q / Q G0 ) 4 8 ( 5
/ 55 7 4 8 ( g
h / LM 8 ( ( ( &
.
&
*# * a0 ^ ) ::Q / : P= ( U& 0 A N ) ::5 / : P= ( F( 0$
!
^ A
! .
*# *
6I j ^
! ) :9 / P=: (
@* +d\) * 4 C"#
!
) :Q / P=: (
aC k ' 4
) ::=
/ P=: ( O , - 4 F ' *
!
" '
! ) :=5 / P=: ( ($ l ) :5 / P<: (
&
D
!
*# * _- & *(
^
F( 0$
! E"
!
! ($F .
m )' N$ F :
* 3 * #n P )C' a
$& 2 $F* 0*
* 0*
Do p a F( 0$ (*$ * $qA*
! 7 o )"*( g
! F( 0$
!
" I G0 ) (
.) ( D&*
! 7 -
! ) 5 / QL 8 ( ( [" b )
; / 59 8 ( ( 0* , d 0* I J& e
* &
(*$ * a ( ( 1% ^U' & I &
D I
* N
"*(
. 8 I
!
$) & !0 $& ( @ 3 D K ( "
d + * e*
$r' * !0 $& $)0* ^ K % ( ,
N 3 &
!P N
'$ F *$e !'*
.
N A @ Fs*
:
! E" !F( 0$
4
@ 3 D 4 [" b 4
cd
o U (
: 5h / 55 / LL o U S$ t :
>
/
= / L>
U
F( 0$
! E"
! + H-
@* T$ Z *
!) "
! u( P " ! E" $)0* G *$" 6I K ( "
& * (
b 4!7 - !F( 0$ + 8
["
Depersonalization) (
# .'* ^ K 4
$ ) ($ 3- g D]I (
! @ ' ( ) 5 .(
N(*$ *
@ & !F( 0$ * K Physical Exhaustion)
( '
! vd 8* '$&
^ & P* N* *( 1K Ns$'* N* *(
.) P *
! ' ' (*$ * a * ( 4 ) N
!' &
physical strain) (
1K 4( ($0 $ r'
!&*
& ! *tw +*( - ( !I*$ EI
" S *#F @* *$
0*
.
!F($ * !- ' !7 - !F( 0$
Depression) (
! T K , - !F ' ( P*
0* JE" ( .
! & & Jq !3n\- & [" b
4@*$. ( & H '
!&
4N( 3)-*
F 4@*$. ( * N
& H ' !' 3F &
* ( @*$. ( e* 8 !)0 (
! @ ' ( ) 5 ( . / 0 (
! E" !F( 0$ $ * N
& * N( I @ 3 D 0* ($K x pD (
& 0* S$) F / P ( 3 $F a * K N
! *$e O - a * $p ( '$ F
) Q
= .(
$&
farber) (
! a 3[I K '
=9
=:
@ 3 D * 8 (
! $ T
O ' )
!
"
' *( @ E" * Q:
9
) ! E" !F( 0$ 2( %'T * 8 ( )
Q .(
A*$ A Kyriacou)
( K ($K "* ) ' a * &
$)0* a $)F #&
1K # .'* @ 3 D N*$&
^'*(
^'*( & 4@ 7 o I , m'* N*$& @* T 4@* T
, - 8$ (
41K T ( 4! E" y UI * N , -
\K 4+\ % I (
z #& N )
N(
^'*(
@* T (
. , - 41K 8$ @ 4
EI 4@* & W DI 4 0 !- 3) * { $0 +*$
)0*
! r)'* ( N
" &
)
; .(
^ (
[" b 4!7 - !.) @*# N$. (
U @* U
$&*$& I$I & ($ @*$ &( ( N($
h / 9 8 ( 4 55 /
= 8 ( 4
;h / M5 8 (
@*$ &( (
& @*# a * @ I$I
= /
; 8 ( 4
; /
= 4
=Q / L P (
0* " S *#F "
) 9 .(
4l 4 K U& 0 4a0 Jq ! * - 4+*( U)-*
I DO
|
@*# 4l I + - 0 4l I {pU 4J
! *$E De 4 T (
!
& GHI$ $}* '* I
" & )"*( @ 3 D ! E" !F( 0$
) 5:
M ( .
^U' & I &
@ 3 D P
@( & W$D (
" ' W * - ! E" !F( 0$ & (*$ * a *
& @T N K !' 0 N($
! $r'
!& * 0
1 I ( & N $O @ 3 D ! E" !F( 0$ @*#
J * - 1 k "
I
|
& @T *tF$ }
& } !3 -
!P !3 W * - ( m * * JHe I ($F
^ ^ K N*$& !'*
G0 I @T * N$ F
($ F + 8 , d ,* e* !3 - N * .
I &
a * &
]D& ( A ( + Do p K
!
*
$%"
@ )0*
!I -\ * @ " K Up ( !o ) $F , m'*
(
@ " K a 3 D N $& Do p a * 4 ' 0(
! 0 " & @ * P ( I $F + 8
"
k
@T
* n* * ( H%& N*$& ! e 4@T ^ K N*$&
S T ^[& ( a w " !'* !P DO 1 *($& S $ .
S (*
A
!
DpU Do p ~
! / 0 %& ( LM
@ 3 D
$%" aK 0 *
& K @ " K
!30 4N(*( *$e
`P )o ( ^[& ( l )o*
!
& / E A '( &
($F Do p ( * '
. Z ( T$& / $ * ( 7)0* &
$& 8 N
@* C3
@ 3 D ( B E" BF( 0$
/
;=
( H '
" a) $F $r' F( 0$ k
! E"
!
&
@*#
Q:
N p & + Do p & I & 8 (
/ * k ' :9 / :
& $&*$& e(
:;
/ : 3' 1mP '
=L9
" H0 6 $7' .
I * l
S T @d •
m a) $F @ " A S $ N
' 3' , d F
$ N
($F wT .
' 3'
& * )&* N$ F
" + 8 N*
UH
" , m'* ( 0 ! ( I v) %' N*
.
& I &
& $%" * * )&* 4!0 $& ( D !F($) F 9
! 8* "
$&
0*
DO
*$E
! v*( m
" & " $
$) 2 K N
& 0* $&
$%"
N
" 1 UI .
( + UH & I & l€0
!0 $&
)
! 6I ( 4l
(
& - &
! ( I S & 4 D ( (*$ * { I !.' .2
" [)'* !n %' ' 3' 4 ( 0 .
t * * l
O
I '
A$" (*$ *
)' A A
U6I I ( & ' $6 `
|}
$ N T ( / P
A N
U6I ( A ( @( & (* T "*( * [' %'T
`
($F wT Do p .
*$&
N 0$ A , m'*
* N J "
Q ( A S $ S T @ 0 " K G0 I 3 e
($F n* * 1 D $ & ' ($F I ` U6I ( .
3 e ($ + [ & • &$ / * N
)
4l 4a0
I {pU 4 A U& 0 4@* ' $ (* DI 4J |I 4l
O 4aC k ' 4 )7 ( A + - 0 F ' *
!
" '
! 4
6I j ' ‚ UP @*#
! ( &
.
P 0$ , ( 3 e
N
& • &$ + -\ * E" !F( 0$
! ( * ' )0* 0$ G0 I A ( &
) MBI Maslach Burnout Inventory ) (
55 (
{3 ($F N T .
*
!
* H)-*
( 0$ a
($F & } g )[ + Do p 0*
) 5Q ( .
*$&
N
0 $&
!
!
* )&* ( ( 7)0* ( 0$
9:
1 D
+ &
3CI * 0$ +
'( 3' J
* l
#mI 6I
$O * ( 7)0* & J c H' $A 7oT
4
! h>
/ :
&
T 0(
.
N* *( 0* !' T 4MBI QQ
U 0 K /* •0
!7 - !.) Emotional Exhaustion)
( 4 b
N($ U ^ K ["
Reduced of personal accomplishment) (
*
! *$e ^m 0 !& * ( (
.
>
• &$ *#F
4!7 - !.) ( T$& &
9 ( T$& & • &$ *#F
4 [" b L
^ K ( T$& & • &$ *#F
0* N($ U
. b0 N*$& *#F $ ( @ F (
#F 4 % * !'* *$
$78 * N*
)
#F$
(
^" I )
$
(
*$&
N
#F # ' % * ƒ ( P* + "
N*
^" I $78 * )
( ! + " N*$&
( [)'* *
! K .
$3' k 3m
& • &$ + " !'* *$ N
*#F ' F* ! E" !F( 0$ ( D&* * Z $ N
! H0 6
( "
.
* !F( 0$ D& 0 $
!'* *$ $r'
& g DO G0 ) 4 " k* '* &
Y + 8 J
1 UI
! N &
(($F :
/ 5 ( B'* *$ 0* $& B E" BF( 0$ ( D&* + "
"
) G0 g 7
!7 - !.)
* $Id & $3'
=:
Q>
5L
$ 5h
!) [" ($ 3-
* $Id & $3'
;:
=>
=;
$
=;
!) [" b
* $Id & $3' 5Q
55 h
$ M
!
"# $ % 2
' ( ) .
/ Q (
$ ( D&* „ & 1 UI + " 0* $& B E" BF( 0
"
G0 ) g 7
!7 - !.)
* $Id & $3'
;:
Q>
QM
$ Q9
!) [" ($ 3-
* $Id & $3'
;;
;=
=h
$
=M
!) [" b
* $Id & $3' 59
5;
h
$ M
*# * ,$' G0 I + -\ * [ 'SPSS
5=
SPSS )
Inc, Chicago, IL (
T * ( 7)0* &
8 I 7
!
) .'
D x*$6'* a
*$&
N E)
$ N 3A
!
'* *$
!
*$& 8 ( N
E)
$ N A 7
! (
( (
P $& ! E" !F( 0$ & JU) N $ E) • HI *
!3K N $ E) N*$& @ 0$F @ T * ( t-
student l' * # o 'T
) /( D N
$) * ' N
& , - + 8 ( %'T
*$e$
N
*$"
G ( N $ E) N*$&
$F *$e J 6I #mI ( !7 K .
)
* ( Do p a A
=L9 ) 5::
8 ( ( ' 3' 1mP $7'
( T$&
N
&
0$
'(*( b0
& * A
%'T a
5hh
$7' ) 5 /
;M ( '( & ($ 8 ( .
Q /
=L 8 (
* )&* {pU ( @ 3 D
! 4
; /
==
8 (
3 * (
!
; / QL 8 (
&( ( I @ )0$
l
! '($A . ' 3
!
*
* *( @ 3 D N
o j l' ) L / 95 8 ( ( 4 h /
=5
8 ( ( ‚
41 € L / 5Q 8 ( ( 1 € h /
= 8 (
‚ o '( & l' .
J |) @ 3 D $qA*
) h /
>=
8 ( (
U&
($m ) 9 / 9 8 ( (
* 4
$ 3 * "
) 9 / :
8 ( (
&
* ^
…* ( * ~ )
9 / : 8 ( ( '( &
.
.' 0 a
! (*$ *
>
/
=L x*$6'* & / 0 D
M / M g
Q9 I M:
( & / 0 .
&
$) '* *$ a
!
$F (
0
!
=:
I
=>
/ 0 (
"
) 5M;
$7'
; /
;9 8 ( .(
& @ 3 D A U& 0 G0 )
M / M
± h / 5h )
=Q 5 (
$F A ( &
59 55
& / 0
$) 0 *
$
( a
)"*(
) Q / Q>
8 ( .(
(* DI G0 ) @* ' $
5 / 5
± L / 5
) 9 : ' $ (
^'*( (* DI G0 )
@* T
) M / L
± (
= / Q>
( &
. .' A - 0 a N
( @ 3 D
0 $&
!
; / QM D x*$6'* & )7 ( - 0 M
/ L ( &
.
Q=
$7' ) M 8 ( ( 0 . N
& U& 0 '( &
3 N
@*
C"#
! ( 5:M
$7' ) 9 / Qh 8 ( (
"*( ( .
Qh
$7' ) h 8 ( (
* *( @ 3 D * N
'( & , ( JE"
.
& , d b0 0$ & (*$ * 3 2 $F* 0* $AY
o '(*(
! '* *$ +*$3'
!
* ,* A $
= " $
F( 0$
! E"
! ' F( 0$ + " +*$3' #
!
*$&
N
(*$ * N
& A " ) $F $r' ( 0 & J A
• +d*
( & (*( b0 (*$ * '
N )P A
!
&
b0 /* 0 ~
' " xtP Do p * '( & (* ' .
( + 7I -
/ 5
* &
- a
!
" &
.
/
= DO F( 0$ P* + D ( + "
!
E"
! J " @T D& 0 * ,* A$ $r' * * @ 3 D
[" b
U ^ A 4
($
N .)
!
7 -
!
@ '
! ( . rP\
! A ( "
$qA*
@ 3 D
$& 8 N
@* C3
@ 3 D ( B E" BF( 0$
/
;9
b P* + D ( $r' * 1 + " $r' * 1 ["
U ^ A 4
($
N .)
! 7 -
! (
7 $F
*$e g
! F '$
.
# # ! ! + , -
- ' . /0' /' $ - 1
2! - 3 -
"# $ - 45 67 / 8 4
7 :
' .
"# $ 7 % .'
'* *$ $3' a
!
'
# F( 0$ + "
! E"
!
& @*($ ( D
!
*(
N
&
@ ' * ^ ( &
. '* *$ $3'
! F( 0$
! E"
! (
* )&* *
! 3 * * $)3A
! '
&( # 4( & @ )0$
& *
3 * a
!
&(
D ‚$ @ )0$
!
*(
N (
"* ' )
@ T
Tukey HSD (
. j @( & $Id &
6I
!
*# * & *$3 @ 3 D '* *$ ^
! F( 0$
!
E"
! ( &
)
@ T
Tukey HSD (
.
( (
+ "
F( 0$
! E"
! w ( ‚ $F ( x\) * * $ 1 €
o 0 4$Id & l' + \) * $
(
$F $ j
D
! ( & *(
)
@ T
Dunnet T3 (
.
.) H3
! 7
! D
!
*(
N
&
$3' @ 3 D a0 a
'* *$
! F( 0$
! E"
!
"*( ( )
@ T
.) H3
!
€0*
a $ ) 5>
/ : r= 4 ::Q / : P= ( D
!
&
*# * '* *$ * a0 ^
! F( 0$
! E"
! )0 A
!
"
.
‡3
& x\) * a
0 $F a
!
=>
=:
$F & / 0
;>
;:
D / 0
! ( & *(
)
@ T
Tukey HSD
:5 / : P<
( .
$r' * F( 0$ + " $3'
! E"
! GU
&
0 $F a
!
=>
=:
$F / 0
;>
;:
/ 0
D x\) *
!
*(
N (
"
)
@ T
Dunnet
:5 / : P<
( .
& ( O 4J |) (*$ * a F ' *
!
" '
! }|I D $
!
*(
N
$&
^ A '* *$
! + "
F( 0$
! E"
!
"*(
. [" /# a)"* '
!
*$3
$Id & Rp0 &
N
* '* *$
! ' F( 0$ + " #
!
E"
! ( &
.
/
= ( + " !'* *$ + ( { I ( D&*
( ! E" !F( 0$
@ 3 D
F( 0$ ( D&*
! '* *$ @*#
! (* DI ) 8 ( ( + "
(* DI ) 8 ( (
!7 - !.) g 7
Q;=
) M / h=
( Q95
) 9 / h;
(
G0 ) M5
) 5h ( M>
) 9 / Q:
(
"
=;
)
; /
>
( 5h
) 9 (
{3
=9L ) 5::
(
==h ) 5::
(
[" b g 7
=:>
)
; / L;
( Q;9
)
= / MM (
G0 )
;:
)
>
/ 5:
( MQ
) L / 5M (
"
5h ) M /
; ( MQ
) L / 5M (
{3
=MM ) 5::
(
=M>
) 5::
(
N($ U ^ K
g 7 Qh;
) h / LM ( Q9M
) Q / h=
(
G0 )
=9 ) 5 / 55 ( h9
)
; / Q5 (
"
h ) Q / Q ( 5>
)
; / 9 (
{3
=5M ) 5::
(
=9:
) 5::
(
3 D A + - 0 )7 ( @
4 }|I
$ N '* *$ $&
! '
#
+ "
F( 0$
! E"
!
"* ' )
.) H3 @ T
!
€0*
a $
& 4 I$I L / : P= 9 / : P= ( 7 • HI *
!
D
!
*(
N
&
U& 0 a A N '* *$
! F( 0$
! )
@ T
.) H3
!
€0*
a $ ) Q / : r= 4 ::5 / : P= ( '
& # a
U& 0 A N F( 0$ + "
! E"
! )
@ T
.) H3
!
@ 0$
) 5Q5 / : r= 4 :;;
/ : P= ( (
"*(
.
&
( + H-
*# * & 4$.
U& 0 ^ A
N
F( 0$
! E"
!
^ A
!
&
.
& U& 0
* ^ Q:
& / 0 D
!
*(
N U& 0 & H ' Q:
55 / 0
'* *$ ( ^ A _- &
! ' + " # F( 0$
! E"
!
! (($F )
@ T
Tukey HSD
&
I$I ) ::M / : P=
:5 / : P= (
k 3m (
!
*# * A 7F @* I a0 ^
U& 0 A N D • HI *
! 7 *(
!
*# *
j ^
6I
!
@* +d\) * 4 C"#
! O 4aC k ' 4
F ' *
!
" '
! D • HI * ($ l
! Hq *(
F( 0$ &
!
"*(
.
/ (; I '* *$ {
! '* *$ +*$3'
! F( 0$ + "
! P $&
E)
$ N 0 $& 6I @ 3 D ( ^ (
!
a .' )
± D x*$6'*
(
! E" !F( 0$ !'* *$ $3'
@ T m )' a .'
)
± D x*$6'*
(
$3'
! E" !F( 0$ + "
@ T m )'
($ l Q
± 9 / p<:/:5 ;5
h / Q=
± 5 / p<:/:5 ;9
@ 5>
±
>
/ Qh 9
/ 5>
±
>
/
=Q
l I {pU
&*
! * )
>
/ Q5
±
; / Q>
p<:/:9 L9
/ Q5
±
=9
p>:/:9 ;:/h±Q5/; =M/Q±Q5/= ! 3 *
@ )0$ &(
M / Q:
± L /
=M L
/ Q=
±
; /
;:
a0 ) / 0 ( Q:
Q>
L / 5h
±
= /
=;
p<:/:5
; / Q5
±
=9
p<:/:5 ;;/:±QQ/M =>/9±QQ/L => =:
;:
;>
L / 5L
± 5 / QL L
/ 5h
±
>
/
=Q
9:, 5
/ Q=
± : /
=:
; /
==
± : /
;Q
! 6I j 1 € (
5h
± M / 5L p<:/:9
>
/ 59
± Q;
p<:/:9 =>/L±5>/> =5/>±5>/> 1 € ( ‚
$Id & l' o 9
/ Q5
± 9 /
=L M
/ Q=
±
; /
;5
J |I DO J |) $ w
5 / Q5
± 9 / P=:/L =;
h / 5>
±
=>
P=:/h
J |) M
/ Q5
±
>
/
==
9 / QQ
± M /
=L
A U& 0 ) / 0 ( ,5:
9 / Q=
± 9 /
=M P=:/::M
5 / Q9
±
; /
=h
P=:/:5 ;5/;±Q:/> =M/h±Q:/> 5> 55
.Q:
9 / Q:
± :;
/ QL h
/ Q:
± 5 /
==
' ‚ UP
)
*#
@ I ( ,Q9:
5 / Q;
±
>
/
=L P=:/=
h / Q9
± L /
;5
P=:/; =h/h±Q:/> ==/5±Q:/L =>> IQ95
.;::
L / Q5
± Q /
=9 5
/ Q9
±
= /
;5
!F ' * N 3) O
! " ' ) ( a |) (
!O*
; / Q5
± h / P=:/:=5 =Q
L / Q5
± 5 / P=:/::M =h
$ 0 )
!O* '
$r' !&
±
>
/
;:
; / Q;
± :=
/
;>
/# k '
! ["
L / Q:
± Q / P=:/::= =Q
M / Q5
± Q / P=:/:;M =h
! [" $ w :;
± 9 /
;5 M
/ Q=
± M /
;=
N 3 & U& 0
!C"#€'*
! &
L / Q:
± 5 / P=:/:Q =L
>
±
= / p<:/::5 ;M
h $ / Q5
± Q /
=Q
= / Q5
±
; /
=9
$& 8 N
@* C3
@ 3 D ( B E" BF( 0$
/
;h
_6&
$&
* 0*
U6I a F( 0$ `
! E"
! ( @ 3 D (
P 3 p N 7 P ( @T g
!
" &
. b
["
7 g ) 9 / L;
8 ( (
U ^ A 4
($
N 7 g ) h / LM 8 ( ( .) 4
! 7 -
!
7 g )
>
/ h5 8 ( ( 4
* a + Do p $qA* & )
& ( 0 $
! 0* `& p )
>
4 5Q 5=
.(
o(
* J a
$ *
!
$) * , 3I & ) &* '* I N
["
)
!
DI A J N
6 p
! - 3) *
! A
U& pI
!
!
" &
.
&
' $r' o( ~
$}* @T 1% J
" & 1o 0 $F A .
&
$r'
!
* $qA* 0
& (*$ * a
‰ " & I
3 D g
!
S T
N 4, d
* &
HpI * ( A a (*( `
* a
`& p A
[" & F 0 0* ( & %'T
.
*
#n P )C' a
3 * ) $F + 8 + Do p 0* $& A 0*
&
A - e ~
! ( Š F( 0$ 7o
! E"
!
) .)
! 7 -
! [" b (
3
&
$) a
& * +*$3'
‹ ) * (
! ( 4
* ' Do p a
#
Š
* ( & )C' a
&
N A 5 / 5:
8 ( (*$ *
.)
! 7 -
!
"
M /
; 8 ( [" b
"
)"*(
.
‡3
* a 3 * #n P )C' a
$& 2 $F* 0*
* 0*
F( 0$ (*$ * $qA* Do p a
! 7 g
o )"*(
!
&
(*$ * "*( I N
A ' *( (
F( 0$
! G0 )
" I
* ' *(
a ( D&* ( @*#
.)
! 7 -
! [" b 5
/ QL 8 (
; / 59 8 (
! 0 .
* 1% ^U' & I & (*$ * a
" T , r' ( (
!
* & 0* , d * a
I (*$ *
* N
" & )"*(
1 .
@ 3
* 0* Œ[ A
( + Do p a
~
' {pU
! , m'*
! F ($
. 2 Do p ‡'
* N (
'
! F + 8
)A A ($
N 6 p
! 4
- 3) *
!
' 0
! N I (*$ *
|}
$
! ( *tF 4
! )' '* I )' &
' " H' `& p ‚ m
Do p
* N G0 I A
~ $&$)'*
unterbrink) (
@* C3 0* ) $F , m'*
) 5;
(
* ( Do p a
&
o(
F( 0$ @( & d & J
! 0* ' "*
.
F( 0$ • HI * ( (
! E"
!
$qA* ( 4l &
0 $& ( + Do p
! ($
)A ~
*$&
N F( 0$
!
!
" &
)
>
4 5:
59 5=
( . -
*
$ * a
! o • '* I N
($ @ 3 D $I(
" & @ ' & H ' .
* o • a v*$qA*
Jn &
(* ' & • &$
$&
! (($F .
)A N ( F( 0$ $.
! Jq T ( @*#
'
N I @*($
|}
& $
$) N
" & )"*(
. I Do p )Ho*
!
I 7I A ' *( (
!
& * ( 1 D @*($ @ ' a
* F( 0$ ( m
! ($C' '*
) 5Q 5M ( .
* (
F( 0$ Do p a
!
* )&* {pU (
!
* $)3A
( { U
$.
) 3 *
!
&(
@ )0$
( o ( &
!
$r' *
I 7I + "
!
"* ' .
& + Do p $qA* ( 0(
2 T
)' a m
* N
" J8 P )
5:
4 5=
4 5M 5h ( .
* $qA* ( 6I {pU Rp0 @ 3 D + Do p a
!
3 *
! F( 0$ 4$Id &
!
$Id &
N )"*(
.
&
* -
& +d U 8\ ( • a T 0(
"*
* N
" 0* ' d( *
Rp0 4@T J
6I
! 0 ‹ ( 4@ 3 D $Id &
!
^'*(
d( @* T
- 3) * J
! (
$.
" &
.
$ (
* )&* ( + [ + 8
! '
#
! '* I N
* )' a I
|}
" & *tF$
.
Do p (
*# * a0 ^
^ A _- & @ 3 D
'* *$
! F( 0$ + "
! E"
!
! ($F . o
* I
* + Do p $qA* ( C a
I )
|
3'
! (($F )
>
4 5:
5Q ( . ( 2 $ Do p ~
* & • &$
* @*$
)' a
I m
|
! (($F ) 5L ( .
* $& r)'*
A 0* a A
N
$)0*
N
E"
! F '
!
^ A g )[ ( D&* ( * ($ @* I
o (
! ( Jn
3 * $.
) 3 `H Do p a (
aC a)"* ' a)"*(
!
$)3A a0 & (*$ * '* I
F( 0$ W$D ( *
!
$Id &
N ( *$e .
x$ *
(
3 `H $.
( + Do p Do p a
*# * $.
^
U& 0 A N
*# * & A
( 0* *$3 a0 ^
~
F( 0$ ( ^ A )A
! 0*
) 59 5>
( .
*# * &
A U& 0 ^ ' C
1 N HpI U
! a) d & 4
HqI 4 &$mI
" T @ C ( @ "
! w
$
!
F( 0$ A '* I
!
" &
. 3 `H Do p a
)P
! A `&* 0 N
d &
N Q:
& 3 / 0
D
!
*(
N F( 0$ ^ A _- &
!
! (($F .
*$& &
a
& @ 3 D 1A U& 0 a0
&
p J - @* -
$ (
"*( $r'
& I
$) N
* &
/ tH (*$ * a
"*(
.
^'*( (* DI G0 ) I @* T
|}
$ N + " (
'* *$
! F( 0$
!
"* ' .
* a
& ) )
( + Do p
$.
) 5Q Q:
( ( H' `& p .
* -
$ * a
vd 3)P*
* 0 $& ( @ 3 D $qA* A 0* a
! v*$qA*
(* DI N
^'*( *
*$& * @* T N
DI )"*( 1 '*
^'*( (* DI G0 )
*$& @* T N
$UI 1 D $ vH
" T , r' & I &
!
*
@*$
vd 3)P* 0* @ C
3 _- & )C' a
! A (($F
& H ' ‚ )
( ( 3' + Do p $.
A * .
* 0* $&
DO Do p a I
| I J
|}
$ N
$&
@*#
F( 0$ + "
! 3'
! ( *tF .
* a
& `& p )
]D&
! ( + Do p
$.
) 5Q 5>
( ( &
$.
( H' ` * + Do p )
5h Q5 ( . I Do p ( (
!
I A
|
& J
F( 0$ A J - @* -
!
&
0(
vd 3)P* 0* T
3P @*$ 3
N
F(* '
! P I N
$)0* *$pO* A
E"
! I Do p ( ( ( &
! I A
| J 4 U'
! (
F( 0$ ^ A
! vd 3)P* )"* ' (* '
o • N 3P $}* @T
* $ 3 (* '
I 6I
|}
*$e $
! ( .
*$& " ~ N
+ H}*
F( 0$ A
! ) (*$ * (
|
3 4J
Do p a
0*
. ) (*$ * Do p (
| O & J N
&
F ' *
!
" '
! + " $r' * 1 $r' * 1
'* *$
! F( 0$
!
&
D
!
+ ( *(
a
$I
F( 0$ *
!
@ ' *
!
* '(*(
a ( & )
$.
1 + Do p
*'
!
"*(
) Q5 ( .
* 0*$&
@* /\) * ( Do p a
C"#
!
& 1
'* *$ & 1 + "
! F( 0$
! D • HI *
!
*(
"*(
.
* a ( )
!
$}* '* I F( 0$ J& U) +*
!
&
3 N '*
!
&
A @ .
&
N ( 0$ (*$ * A
&
& 2( $) 3
N '*
!
!
& (*$ * 1 ' "
&
3 N '*
!
& $p W$D ( F( 0$ $)
! )
) QQ ( .
"
o(
3- J N
*( x$
N
@*
C"#
!
@* & D *$
* * % @ C"#
3 1n\- a -
F( 0$ W *
!
" &
.
$& 8 N
@* C3
@ 3 D ( B E" BF( 0$
/
;>
$&
I ' $ (* DI Π" Do p 0*
|}
$ N
N '* *$ + "
! F( 0$
!
"* ' 4 Do p
&
' .
$& 2$F*
* 0*
F( 0$ (*$ * $qA* Do p a
!
7 )"*( g o
!
&
(*$ * "*( I N
(
F( 0$ A ' *(
!
" I G0 )
* ' *(
a
@*#
&* ( .) ( D
! 7 -
! [" b
5 / QL
8 (
; / 59 8 (
! 0 .
*
& I & (*$ * a
" T , r' ( ( 1% ^U'
! A 0* , d
* &
I (*$ * a
* N
" & )"*(
1 . 8 I
!
$) & !0 $& ( (*$ * a * K ( "
+ * e*
$r' * !0 $& $)0* ^ K % ( , d N 3 &
!P N
'$ F *$e !'*
.
'*( e $C I
!
3I *
!
#- @ 3 D
3P #
@ )0$%" ( ^A
* ( A @ " A U6I a
* ` N
'($A 1
2 a
*
eT @ " A S $ S T 0
N
* 0 $) & A • $ U6I a
'( 3' 1 *$ * `
'*( e $C I
!
! (($F .
References:
__________________________________________________________1.World Health Organization (WHO). Guidelines for the primary prevention of mental neurological disorders: staff burn out division of mental health.
Geneva 1998; 91-108.
2.Farber BA. Symptoms and Types: and Underchallenged Teachers. In: Farber BA, editor.
Crisis in Education. Stress and Burnout in the American Teacher. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers, 1991, 72-97.
3.Boyle GJ, Borg MG, Falzon JM, et al. A structural model of the dimensions of teacher stress. Br J Educ Psychol 1995; 65: 49-67.
4.Kyriacou C. Teacher stress: Directions for future research. Educ Rev 2001; 53: 27-35.
5.Badri Gargary R. Teacher burnout and competitive mechanisms [dissertation]. Tehran Teacher Educ Uni., 2003.
6.Friedman I. School principal burnout: The concept and its components. J Organ Behav 1995; 16: 191-8.
7.Green TH. A study of the levels of burnout as perceived by public school principals in the state of maine. Peabody College for teachers.
Vanderbilt University press [Dissertation]. New York: Abs Int., 1992.
8.Mratin J. A study of the level of burnout as perceived by public school principals in the state of new Hampshire. Vanderbilt University press [Dissertation]. New York: Abs Int., 1989.
9.Sarros JC. Administrator burnout, finding and future directions. J Educ Adm 1988; 4: 184-94.
10.Van Horn JE, Schaufeli WB, Greenglass ER, et al. A Canadian-Dutch comparison of teachers' burnout. Psychol Rep 1997; 81: 371-82.
11.Aslach C, Schaufeli WB, Leiter MP. Job burnout. Ann Rev Psychol 2001; 52: 397–422.
12.Carlotto MS, Palazzo Ldos S. Factors associated with burnout's syndrome: an epidemiological study of teachers. Cad Saude Publica 2006; 22:
1017-26.
13.Pithers RT, Soden R. Scottish and Australian teacher stress and strain: a comparative study.
Br J Educ Psychol 1998; 68: 269-79.
14.Unterbrink T, Hack A, Pfeifer R, et al. Burnout and effort-reward-imbalance in a sample of 949 German teachers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2007; 80: 433-41.
15.Mohajer M. The relationship between personal characters, month earn and job history with teachers burnout in Tabriz educational center [dissertation]. Tabriz: Tabriz Uni., 2003.
16.Carlotto MS, Palazzo Ldos S. Factors associated with burnout's syndrome: an epidemiological study of teachers. Cad Saude Publica 2006; 22:
1017-26.
17.Hakak zade M. The relation of occupational burnout and some personal characters in Kerman sport teachers [dissertation]. Tehran: Tehran
Teacher Educ Uni., 2004.
18.Lee C. Job stress from theory to suggestion.
New York; May worth press Lnc: 1987: 195-214.
19.Demirel Y, Güler N. Burnout among High School Teachers in Turkey. Middle East J Famil Health Train 2005; 3: 33.
20.Malanowski JR, Wood PH. Burnout and self- actualization in public school teachers. J Psychol 1984; 117: 23-6.
21.Yooz bashi Z. prevalence of burnout in female managers in Tehran high schools [dissertation]. Tehran: Tehran Teacher Edu Uni., 2004.
22.Kokkinos CM. Job stressors, personality and burnout in primary school teachers. Br J Educ Psychol 2007; 77: 229-43.
