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+ [ + %&'#

. 16

?D $ >4 >b # :

a >L" k D >+ D .4 C c I .F &4 .

.1 R

J0 ....

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>B%"C .1 BLC JK+ HsR ; , E D

(9)

=+ .?'01 ) [ + .

?D .a 8 :

.L+ @1 k Œ%Y J+

.Ob p1

@B >B J0B $ B4

.1 e WD @1 >4 ) =

(The guardian, 20 may 2005) *0Y .

.+ + B8 BpR %&'# ) 1 $ a `4 a &

caution/

B#

. 2B%8 c BOC

# E*- ) %4 ) + 8 >"%#$ >4 .+ + 8 pR :

BD B1 *B% &4 WB%X *%'=B%+ O<1 L-

.F [ 4 ) 1

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*%0 (

>B4 B# @B9L1 *B%09+ f

.1 *% &4 > W%X Y *0 $ >Lpb L- c %C *- 4 h%b *+

(Code of c, 10.9) 1.

1

) 8 K+ • :"1 >4 wgU 1 ( %"_ ) 1^1 > # ."F =1 W%+ h u xs4 r a 1 )!

'=Y

*0 . - Y .1 %&'# & > }/

4 (*0

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@9L1 ) 1 @ 7 # ) 1

*0 7"gp1 . H LC E*C 8 @ W%+ %"_ Y$ %+ o R

.1 - Z

*- 4 Jg"=1 - 4 h%b D .'3 Z

.+ + B8 %&'B# ( mB+ >F c CsP @ D

4 *Y /+

.

>?%U$

%&'B# ) 1 c CsgP >F

) At time of arrest

>B?%U$(

>B =B%+

[ %&'# >K:b ) LY M T%8 ) '4 Z

H BTN1 .+ B1 E $ H P # @9L1 >9"4

B- 4 =B `B# c BCsP >BF >4 %+ - ; <+ >K:b )! *N4 hO8

) Custody

officer

*- 4(

. c CsP @

# @9L1 4

#

>"%

B- >BF B9LY k

) NV: 2000 Murphy,

ibid 969

.(

4 - 2 . - ./0 # -+ 56 6 <6 @' %&'B# ) B1 J B3 .+ + 8 `4 a l 4 h ?1 c g T1 *[ $ ) .8 T3 ; K+

=%+ %"_

Z .B1 (J B3 c g BT1$ *C 8 r L<1 @9%b B# rsBgP c $ Ba ) B

.+

j O0'# h u .O' xs4 $ %&'# h u o R .

*B04 B[ 1 >4 2

Ei B1 9 S Bƒ%1

.# %# $ .+*1 .8 T3 1966

.1 w%8 > Y hB u wB%8 ) B1 *B 4 ( B-

- 7"gp1 R >%"C c 1 ,g M N # $ - E D! q?%8 .

Ei B1 B[ 1 >B4 @%B0•LY 24

S

~ ! .. ) . (*B- 4 $ Ba c BT%T: hB%L9 B4 J,'B1 B- 4 ,mB1 JF [ >•+ 0X

B- xsB4 J,'1 >4 M O' >"I s4 h u f 4 * 4 ; ,g r a 1 (...

. + LBa @g0BT1 >+ ?Bi#^'1

+ g T1 o R @ .F [ 9

S B wB%"9 B C E &•%Y W%+ .F G8 > $ $ # E

" $ a @%p4 a 4 + .T

9 :+ >4 # E c g BT1 ) p4 a (.# 'L MsLC >

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*00 . t I >'Ob B[ @%LGB 'B# @g0BT1 Q B >B4 B%+ K+

.1 (."N ` - S w%"9 hI [ 1 >4 > Hu*'# @%0X )

32 .B# # ) + 8

1 . Y > $ >C L<1 code of c)

>C L<1 (

%"_ E %"_ c %'R $ @%+ 0K1 S T3 > # . G8 > $

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*0 .

(10)

.... )

; , r a 1 ( - 4 c I J%L,? $ xs4 J,g'1 >4 M O' >"I s4 h u f 4 * 4

c*1 t U ƒ *3 $ - 24

C # ( H B# . GB8 >:b BI 7[ 1 >4 . 1*T1 E*+$ _ ( ...

- .

& t P (

hB u .BO' .Y BD! B4 J,g'1 23 @ Q%:I [ + La @g0T1

Ei 1 [ 1 >4 ; ,g 570

.1s# c <1 ) + 8 )

.3sI 11 / 10 / 1381 ( E B .B0%4 q%_

# . .1 ;sC E g T1 @ :

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H B#

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5 - - ./0 1 2 =: + 9-> ? 56 6 @'

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5 - 1 - 1 . 2B # ;.6 ,C .1 %&'# & > . /-

%&'B# B Q%:BI *,&+ @%LG >4 *,N'1 *0

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)

$ Y*B04 2 Ei B1 30 B?% >Bb $ %B"_ ) + B8 PACE1984

.(

+

@%'=/

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%"_ E 4 i#

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Z - 4 =

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@%+ B0K1 @%+ 0K1 >%"C >gb @%1^ *0 ! *

>"R *1 *- 4 >'-

) (sanders,ibid:170

. @%LGB >B # - 4 = E*,C >4 >?%U$ @

$ E R 4 Q%:I ( R ) 0K1 4 %"_ ) = *0

$ B+ kB : B *B *, >B+ D Œ%Y

%&+ c I .

+ 0K1 4 c 8s1 >+ D Y c %FW[

4 ) mb "# @%

* B- 4 =B B'

- O]

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@%B0X > *0 3 - 4 = D v>+ # >'- ) J,g'1 4 . c CsgP

>gb

=%+ [ 1 $ W+

Z 4 E*- %&'# }/-

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) PACE 37 (1) (b)

.(

(11)

5 - 1 - 2 . D' 5D0-/0 E 18 F 6 G HI # 5 8 J# K 18 LMNO 18

J 6 -: P + /2 - 4 >T4 # < H „=1 @%0•LY - 4 =

Custody record/

(PACE 37) # >

4 .8 T3 $ m1 JY $ E*- %&'# }/- JY

* )!

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c BI >B4 wB%8 .+ BO1 $ >B+ B E*- .C 1 E*- %&'# }/- S T3 ! - }g/m1 E $ B%D B8 .0%4 B4 B1 (w%8 .+ O1 .0%4 4 4 J 3 2"p1 *C 8 ‡ # 4

((2.9)

(2.3) (2.1) (code of practice, supra note, code 2)) .

4 ) 0K1

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%&'B# >B90 JBC - 7"gp1 ) & .8 T3 E $ m1 23 &

# E*- a 3 %"_ E >+ O"P$ E*- .

c BI >B4 * 4 En $ P >4 - 4 =

$ * &4 $ >4 S T3 Qa $ 8 T3 ,+! > T%T3 @ @%0•LY

. L'=1

) Continuing

rights

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....

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e %&'# &

] ....

$ [ E $ mB1 $ .8 BT3 $ mB1 4 .8 T3 E $ m1

o BR

>1 + @% ! >C L<1 . [ Y

) code of practive

w%8 4 J 3 ( (code c ,6 (a)(6-1))

.

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4 *0

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(code c ,3 (a)(3.1))

.

• B3 c BT%T: .?g8 > ) 1 Y .B1

B- (

4

* .+ + 8 pR

caution/ E 4$

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(Code c, 10.1, 10.5)

.

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>90

# ‡ '# wgU 1 h% $ t P .+ <1 $ hT'=1 .8 T3 E $ m1

) Code c, 6 (a) (6.1) .(

5 - 1 - 3 .

QR E #

duty solicitor/

c 8s1 wgU 1 h% $ J,g'1 > # .'8$ [ @ .1

*B0 . h5B- B4 .8 BT3 $ mB1 $

.8 BT3 c 1*BR ) %=B%L 4 > # .I R

) legal services commission

>'=B4 B8(

.+ BR Ei B1! B *B- 4 a 3 %"_ E #

(present or on call)

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V W4 %"_

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4 *Y R .+ R .

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% $ 4 - 4 = (*0 E $ m1 wU 1 h

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>B4 $

.1 >F .1 E*- %&'#

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(12)

>' D .L%L

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«.

# ; u J &4 L- >4 . YW%X @1

:

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B .+ B1 BY hB% $ .+ i<1 .8 T3 E $ m1 *%+

*%0 Z 2 - J'=Y %"_ E @1 .

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Z

3 - .1 @1 J0 . L0Y L- ) + 8 1 J+

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J0 L- Z

4 - 4 %"_ (*%Y /4 E $ m1 @1 L- D

*

*0 wg8 '1 L- 2%T:

.

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*%Y /+ .8 T3 E $ m1 @1 D .'3 J0 >%I ...

cu B# >4 *%Y /+ D *%'=%+ O<1

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) (silence

H LC .1

*%0 .

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franks,ibid:6-7) (

.

+

@%'=/

wBgU 1 hB% $ B4 c 8s1( B- 4 = 4 c 8s1 *N4 %"_ E >"3 1

# . .1 E*- %&'# >4 M C + wgU 1 h% $

* D :

1 -

@1 >?%U$

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LY L- J0 .Y

Z 6 - .1 $ J0 kL J+

L- $

>4 ; W'b *%8 4

G3 )

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; O4 )$ %4

(Shepherd, 1997:212)

.

Mui$ wgU 1 h% $ ‰#

( Bi%LY *B[ $ 2 T3 *0 .1 >O3 1 E*00 %&'# = 4

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Z M %+ ] ( .1 >O3 1 hg 1 4

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hBg 1

)*+ 1 # 4 qT3 >LY

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(13)

# E*+$ _ h u m&+

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(superintendent 1

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B%D .

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* - ;$*N1 .

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4 Y 0 _ .1 L .F W[ 24 # %1 9:1 [$ c I

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;$*N1

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%&4 9C $ E*- %&'# .O' .

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$ >B4 mB&+

.L+ 9C @' D 4 (*- hi# '1 *B- $ >4 h# '1 )

) (Code d 3 (a) (3.2) (c)) code of

practice for the identification persons by police officers

.(

.BF W[ B%1 9:1 >T4 B# B[$ c BI W[ *- >1 '/1 E*+$ _ >F O }/- D 4

*

*+ - ;$*N1 Y 9C .

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>+ L+

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>4 <01 1 @ ; <+ .Y .B1 E*+$ _ H p4

) B-

Frederice Aitchison v.Richard

bellj 1998 co/859/98 (

.

5 - 1 - 5 .

;N -' J 6 -: E 7K E @' .1 %"_ (; ,g 4 .L# E*+$ _ h%9m hO8

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hB% $ ( E*B-

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.L+

- • 3 *+

(Code E, 112(2.1))

. ; B<+ `OBa B W<1 c I >4 Mu LN1 + $

.1

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$ B,1 BY + ‰B#

.1 ; 1

*+ - . 4 7 *1 h% $

*

*- 4 >'- + .‰ k .

.'8$

.B1 B,1 k +

$ B-

+ 4

@%'=/

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- - E $ >4 G3 4 . I $

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.

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>B4

1 >[$ Œ%Y .L+ 8 .F [ 4

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(Code cq 12 (a) (12.3) and code c, annexc)* .

B 4 .F [ 4 ,8

*

>B4

*0- 4 > , $ @-$ (; D .?91 *3 .

.L+ . /- Œ%Y

; B&0Y >B B ;W"1 )

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(Code c, 12(a) (12.9) (12.5))

4.

*

*B- 4 B<1 ) B0K1 Z

Mui$

( B- BY 8

1 . ) () '="&+ %"_ Y$ %+ >[

`4 a Constable/ Z

) OY$ D sergeant/ Z

4

inspector/ Z

4 #

chief /

inspector

%F $ superintendent/

# .

>4 >N[ 1 (j. Holtman, crimind litigation London. Jordan :

pu 2002

(14)

*4 /4 C # Z

M %+ ] ( /4 dy C ,+ 1 Z

M ƒb ] ( Y 2

*- 4 >'- ?0 C #

(Code

c, 12 (a) (12.7)

.(

5 - 1 - 6 .

# ;.6 PY

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24 B# C B#

(PACE 91 (1))

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- .

>B+ O"P$ }/- D

ci*1 @ * %4 %"_ E >4 .B1 >OB# :1 %&'B# ) 1

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36

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4

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wB%8 =B

(detention officer)

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6 B_ C B#

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9 Y $ *N4 C # 9

>B *0 @%LG ()! _ C # .+ BO1

[$ 0Y w%8 >%b$

(PACE s 90 (3)(b) and (a))

. J=B $ ; B[ o BR >B'Ob

J= $ %&m%_ ) + 8 2005

%&'# 4 %"_ %'R 48

.B1 T1 C #

*B0

>

5 B# * *L h4 8 $

) David Herschel and etc, 2008: 300

.(

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, d_ c I E*+$ _ h%9m c 1 Z

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$ mB&+ ] J,'1 *+

B%&4 B9C .

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Y 3 >b <1 4

(shepherd, ibid:720)

$ wgU 1

# .8 B4 E*+$ _ .B1

*B+ 1

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.

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*- 4 E*- Z

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(criminal justice Act 1988)

1 Ei 133 .1 T1 :

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*B )$*B4 E*B- wmB E B .'T%T3 > 0O1 @ 4

b *C Q%:I + H LC . 3

) miscarriage of justice

# (

. 4 m ) '#

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B%1 9:1 P R >4 >

( y E B hBL: . B<1

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>B4 l =B'+ hB4 8 M BFW[ Ms >'R 0- + T%T3 m ;*C >90 &1

*- 4 ; 9:1 }/- .

E*+$ _

Lunt v . Liverpool city justices

5

‡ 1 1991 P R >4 42

>B4 wB%8 $

.":1 c %b 1 R _ ;*C h%b 25

y *+ _ WY

*B- R _ 1

. E*B+$ _

Regina

>B%"C

(15)

) *+ %F

Brockhill

1999 Z 5 hBL: P BR >B4 B1 y *B+ _ WBY 59

c B<1 $

*- R _

(franks ,2009:11-18)

.

5 - 2 . - ./0 =: -+ 5 8 <6 @'

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hI r a 1 ; ,g J%,? $ h u .O' xs4 o R 32

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D 8 .# 4 Z

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$ B# E* D @i%N1 ) + 8 > *- 4 .O% $ J93 >4 W%+ $ a 1

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C B#

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Ei 1 j 01 Q%T0 4 > - %=?

128 .B1 B?% .# @%F! ) + 8 B4 J,'B1 2B3 ) B

B W < c T%T: @ h% $ G3 .

B4 En B4 7Bi# 1 %=B? @%B0X e dB_ @9%Bb

#$ 4$ h9m1 4 *0 .L+ L3 )! W%+ .F G8 > $ > .p - .

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$ d&+ + 8 - c g BT1 •sI >4 ; *8 r a 1

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t BN'1 g@BU EnB $ >B4 )! .+ BO1 > # %&'# >4 ; *8 $ L"8

) reasonable suspicion

>B4 (

,m1 ; [ @ W& [ %1 <1 -

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l 9 >4

1 3 I

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;$

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1-Franks, M, R. 2007,Your rights if arrested in England www.franks.org/pptr in England.

2-Feldman David. 2009, Civil liberties and human rights in England and Wales, oxford university press.

3-Garner’s.brayan, A., 2009, Black’s law dictionary eighth edition, Thomson west.

4-Holtman, J., 2002, Criminal litigation, London: 2002.

5-Herschel, David, Wakefield William, sasse Scott. 2008. Criminal justice in England and United States, Jones and Berlet publishers.

6-Murphy, Peter. 2002, Blackstone’s criminal practice, oxford university press.

7-Sanders, Andrew 8 Richard young. 2000,Criminal justice third Edition, Oxford University press.

8-Shepherd, Evic. 1998, police station skills for legal advisers, London,oxford university press.

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