그 과정에서 IT산업은 중국의 전략산업으로 떠올랐다. 독립소유권으로 전환한 다국적 기업은 기술 보호를 위해 자체 R&D 센터를 설립하는 등 다양한 형태의 경영 활동을 펼치고 있다. 둘째, 다국적기업의 과도한 기술보호로 인해 중국 내 기술확산 효과가 기대보다 낮았다.
둘째, 다국적 기업을 활용할 수 있는 방법을 찾아야 합니다. 셋째, 기술의 파급효과를 극대화할 수 있는 정책을 모색해야 한다. 넷째, 국내 중국기업의 기술혁신 역량을 배양해야 한다.
Introduction
The background and purpose
After joining the WTO in 2011, foreign direct investment has become more prominent as the most important element in sustaining Chinese economic growth. 34;rejuvenating trade through science and technology”, and has successively come up with the policies that promote the development of the IT industry and succeeded in attracting a large portion of FDI. Under such a circumstance of foreign direct investment, the relatively sufficient funds have been provided to support and develop the IT industry and improve the international competitiveness of China's IT industry.
Otherwise, FDI inflows not only solved the problem of lack of funds in the IT industry, but also broke the technical bottleneck in this sector and have a positive effect on improving the international competitiveness of the Chinese IT industry. As the main driving force of China's economy, how to reasonably use and absorb foreign direct investment to increase international competitiveness in the IT industry will be an important breakthrough for China's sustainable economic development. Therefore, based on FDI, this paper conducted a study on the mechanism of FDI and the impact of relevant policies on China's IT industry.
Current situation of IT industry in China
The development of IT industry
- Expansion of IT industry
- Increasingly strong international status
1 indicates that as of 2015, the gross sales were composed of the sales of the manufacturing industry, and that of the software industry reached 15.4 million Yuan. It is recognized that the growth rate in the software industry will be higher than that of the manufacturing industry in the IT industry. 2 indicates, in the total value added of the electronic information manufacturing industry above the indicated size, their growth rate is 10.5%.
2 Comparative trend of the accumulated added value between the IT industry and the national industry (2015). This means, measured in US dollars, more than 50% of the total global IT consumption for the same period. When it comes to hardware manufacturing, Chinese products such as mobile phones, computers and television production were sold for a whopping 1.46 billion units, 340 million units and 130 million units respectively, accounting for more than half of the share of global shipments.
Scales of investment in IT industry
In terms of software product development, sales revenue in the software industry has grown by 24.6% annually, which is significantly higher than the 5.7% global average. 3, during a decade, from 2000 to 2010, the total accumulated number of FDI projects in the IT industry in China reached 23,587, which accounted for 6.4% of the total global foreign investment project. In addition, the accumulated amount of foreign direct investment in the Chinese IT industry reached 80.85 billion dollars, which occupied 10.9% of the total amount of foreign direct investment in the world economy.
For example, in 2010, although the contracted amount of FDI in the IT industry reached $30.3 billion, only $8.43 billion (about 27%) was implemented. 3, the use of foreign capital in China's IT industry shows an increasing trend since 1997 and obviously declined in 2003, but since 2003, the use of foreign direct investment in China's IT industry has maintained a steady growth trend until the international financial crisis broke out in 2008. And then the actual use of FDI in China's IT industry has obviously declined.
IT industry and FDI in China
Situation of FDI
- The Characteristics of FDI in IT Industry
- The trends of FDI
- The relation between FDI and IT industry
Beijing's strategic market position, in the eyes of the Multinational Corporation (MNC), has become increasingly prominent. Jiangsu Province, which alone accounted for 36.8% of the FDI utilization of the entire industry, ranked first. Regardless of the total amount of funds or investment projects, the FDI inflow into China's electronic information manufacturing industry is higher than that of the FDI into the software industry.
According to Chinese reports, the number of foreign direct investments in the electronics and communications industry in 2010 reached 1,304, accounting for 8% of the total amount of foreign direct investment. In China's communications equipment, computers and other electronic equipment manufacturing industry, the number of cumulative foreign direct investments reached 23,587, accounting for 6.4% of the total global foreign projects. The top ten foreign investment funds in China's IT industry accounted for about 90% of the actual use of foreign direct investment.
Considering these facts, well over a quarter of total foreign direct investment into China comes from Chinese companies. The global intensification of competition is causing foreign companies to pay more attention to shaping and strengthening core competence. In the electronic information industry, foreign companies will increasingly invest in upstream industry chain materials, chips and other items.
According to the data released by the Ministry of Commerce in 2006, the number of newly established enterprises with foreign investment in the non-financial sector (excluding banking, insurance and securities) amounted to 41,473. The actual use of foreign capital amounted to US$389 billion, accounting for about 70% of the total. Promotion of Foreign Direct Investment and the Size of the IT Industry 1. Promotion of Foreign Direct Investment and the Size of the IT Industry.
While FDI enterprises have stimulated the growth of the Chinese electronic information industry, at the same time they have occupied the main status of the industry. Too much control over the operation of foreign enterprises will have an impact on the industry's security. But most of the local mobile phone companies still remain in the stage of assembly and parts.
Problems of investment in IT industry
- Overinvestment
- Blockade on New Technology
- The environment for investment
- Uneven FDI in IT industry
- Serious pollution
- Strengthening the policy guide
- Utilization of MNCs
- Association between local companies and multinational companies
- Active participation of R&D activities
- Policy environment
- R&D encouragement
- Fostering Innovation
- R&D ability of local companies
- FDI enterprises and Chinese scientific research institutions
This led to the formation of the mechanism of industrial technology progress, key technology from abroad and the internal circulation of multinational corporations in this situation. After 1997, more than 90% of multinational corporations considered establishing a regional headquarters and R&D center in China as soon as possible. In recent years, multinational corporations have been the most representative strategic means of the "technology binding strategy".
Thant will finally strengthen the host country's reliance on Multi-National Corporation Technology. All of these have limited the technical level of the establishment and development of foreign investment enterprises in China R &. The awareness of intellectual property protection in some of the domestic companies is low.
And it also retained part of the technology transfer and severely restricts the technology diffusion in China's technology. Of the industrial investments, most foreign-funded enterprises mainly invest in the low-tech hardware manufacturing industry, in order to prevent the spread of technology and maintain the profit and competitiveness of enterprises. And it should also create proper investment awareness to increase investment quality and avoid excessive investment duplication.
By optimizing the structure of foreign investment, it tries to solve the problem of core technology transfer to the IT industry in our country. And it should also make it possible to promote the domestic technology through the transfer and spread of the technology of the MNCs. If we are usually in the industry's downstream, it is difficult to develop the local companies.
Based on this incentive program, the competitiveness of the domestic IT companies will be improved. 8, R & D internal expenditure of IT industry in China accounted for only about 20% of total spending, that is, nearly 80%. Second, it should strengthen the cultivation of the IT industry's protection, improve the level of supply for the talent needed in the IT industry, strengthen the construction of national engineering laboratory, and attract more world top 500 electronic information companies to R&D centers in set up China.
Conclusion
The IT industry uses foreign direct investment, there are many problems, including repeated investment, regional investment imbalance, lack of nuclear technology and serious pollution and so on. In this article, I believe that foreign direct investment has played a positive role in promoting the size of China's IT industry, increasing export competitiveness and promoting technological progress. But the big challenge is that the performance of technology transfer and technology spillover effect for Chinese IT companies is worse than expected.
Given the fact that the electronic information industry plays a major role in attracting foreign direct investment to China. For this, it should prepare attractive guidelines for attracting foreign investment in the high-tech industry. Baum, Richard (1994) Burying Mao: Chinese Politics in the Age of Deng Xiaoping, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
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