초분광DB연구보고서 20200117 인쇄본 v1 (1)

│참여연구진│  본 『연안서식지 초분광 DB구축 연구』는 다음과 같은 연구진에 의하여 수행되었음. 총 괄 사업총괄. 오장근. 국립공원연구원. 원장. 연구총괄. 채희영. 국립공원연구원. 부원장. 총괄책임. 김태근. 국립공원연구원. 자연자원조사단장. 김태근. 국립공원연구원. 자연자원조사단장. 정주영. 해양연구센터. 센터장. 이창래. 해양연구센터. 연구위원. 김종필. 국립공원연구원. 계장. 최대훈. 국립공원연구원. 연구원. 김미리. 국립공원연구원. 연구원. 서승직. 해양자원부. 과장. 육관수. 태안해안국립공원. 과장. 신정일. 인하대학교. 교수. 연구진 연구책임. 참여연구원. 연구지원. 자문위원.



│목차│ I. 과업의 개요 ···················································································································································1. 1. 배경 및 목적 ························································································································1 가. 배경 ····························································································································1 나. 목적 ····························································································································2 2. 연구범위 ·······························································································································3 가. 시간적 범위 ················································································································3 나. 내용적 범위 ················································································································3 다. 공간적 범위 ················································································································3 II. 초분광 DB 관련 연구현황 ···········································································································4 1. 초분광영상 개요 ···················································································································4 가. 초분광영상 정의 ·········································································································4 2. 초분광영상 종류 및 특성 ····································································································8 가. 위공위성 기반 초분광영상 ·························································································8 나. 항공기 기반 초분광영상 ··························································································10 3. 초분광영상 활용 ················································································································14 가. 산림분야 ···················································································································14 나. 하천·해양분야 ··········································································································16 다. 지질자원분야 ············································································································19 라. 농업분야 ···················································································································20 4. 현존 초분광 DB 구축 현황 ······························································································24 가. 초분광 DB 정의 ······································································································24 나. 현존 초분광 DB 구축 현황 ····················································································24 III. 연안서식지 기질유형 초분광 DB 구축 ·····················································································27 1. 초분광 DB 구축 ················································································································27 가. 초분광 DB 구축 방법 ···························································································27.

2. 연안서식지 기질유형 분광반사율 특성 ···········································································36 가. 암반 분광반사율 특성 ······························································································36 나. 자갈 분광반사율 특성 ······························································································37 다. 모래 분광반사율 특성 ······························································································39 라. 펄 분광반사율 특성 ·································································································40 Ⅳ. 결론 ············································································································································42 Ⅴ. 참고문헌 ·····································································································································43 Ⅵ. 부록 ············································································································································46 1. 초분광 DB 현지측정 위치정보 ·························································································46 가. 한려해상국립공원 초분광 DB 현지측정 위치정보 ···············································46 나. 태안해안국립공원 초분광 DB 현지측정 위치정보 ·················································52 2. 지상분광측정기 분광반사율 처리 ····················································································54 가. 분광반사율 시각화 ···································································································54 나. 분광반사율 DB화 ·····································································································55 다. 초분광 DB 분석처리 ·······························································································59 3. 연안서식지 기질유형별 측정현황 ······················································································61 가. 한려해상국립공원 초분광 DB 기질유형별 분광반사곡선 ·······································61 나. 태안해안국립공원 초분광 DB 기질유형별 분광반사곡선 ·····································102.

│표목차│ [표 1] 인공위성 탑재용 초분광 센서 ··········································································································12 [표 2] 항공기 탑재용 초분광 센서 ··············································································································13 [표 3] 초분광 DB의 보조자료 항목 ············································································································24 [표 4] 기존 초분광 DB 구축현황 ···············································································································25 [표 5] 수로측량업무규정의 저질분류 등급에 따른 초분광 DB용 기질유형 분류 등급 비교 ···················28 [표 6] 측정일자, 측정기질 및 조사지역 ·····································································································28 [표 7] 한려해상국립공원 기질유형별 분광반사율 측정지역 현황 ······························································30 [표 8] 지상분광측정기(ASD FieldSpec3) 구성 ························································································32 [표 9] 분광반사율 측정 현지조사표 양식(예시) ··························································································35 [표 10] 암반기질의 파장영역별 분광반사율 기초 통계 값 ··········································································37 [표 11] 자갈기질의 파장영역별 분광반사율 기초 통계 값 ··········································································38 [표 12] 모래기질의 파장영역별 분광반사율 기초 통계 값 ··········································································40 [표 13] 펄기질의 파장영역별 분광반사율 기초 통계 값 ·············································································41.

│그림목차│ [그림 1] 초분광 측정 대상공원 ·····················································································································3 [그림 2] 항공기, 드론, 위성으로 촬영되는 사진의 생성원리 ·······································································4 [그림 3] 빛의 파장영역 ··································································································································5 [그림 4] 다중분광과 초분광의 차이 ··············································································································5 [그림 5] 초분광영상의 개념: 하이퍼큐브(좌)와 각 화소에서 추출되는 분광반사곡선(우) ··························6 [그림 6] 다양한 지표면 대상물체의 고유한 분광반사곡선 ···········································································7 [그림 7] 초분광영상인 AVIRIS 영상의 분광반사곡선과 다중분광영상인 Landsat ETM+ 영상의 분광반사곡선의 비교 ·······7 [그림 8] EO-1에 탑재된 Hyperion ·············································································································9 [그림 9] EnMAP 센서 ···································································································································9 [그림 10] PRISMA 센서 ·································································································································9 [그림 11] Sentinel-2 영상촬영 개념도 ·······································································································10 [그림 12] AVIRIS 영상촬영방법 개념도 ······································································································10 [그림 13] AisaFENIX 초분광 카메라 ···········································································································11 [그림 14] 대상지역 수종 분류결과 비교: (a) RF 적용결과, (b) SVM 적용결과 ······································14 [그림 15] 수종분포 분석결과: (a) 수종분포지도, (b) 동일지역에 대한 정사사진 ·····································15 [그림 16] 대상지역 혼효림 내 침엽수 및 활엽수 분류결과 ········································································15 [그림 17] ITC와 semi-ITC를 이용한 분석결과 예시 ·················································································16 [그림 18] 2017년 8월 30일 미네소타강-미시시피강 합류지점 탁도와 클로로필 ····································17 [그림 19] 유류유출 피해면적 추정결과 ······································································································18 [그림 20] 산호초 지역 (a) RGB 초분광영상과 (b) 감독분류결과 ······························································19 [그림 21] (a) Hypeion 영상을 이용한 산화철 충만도, (b) Hematite-Goethite 비율 ··························20 [그림 22] HyMap 초분광영상을 이용한 변질광물(alteration mineral) 맵핑 결과 ··································21 [그림 23] (a) 토양 내 탄소유기물질 함량 추정치, (b) 정규식생지수 ························································22 [그림 24] 농업지역 내 상세분류지도 ············································································································23 [그림 25] ECOSTRESS 분광라이브러리 검색사이트 ··················································································26 [그림 26] 초분광 DB 구축 방법 ··················································································································27 [그림 27] 한려해상국립공원 동부지역 기질유형 분광반사율 측정지역 ·······················································29 [그림 28] 태안해안국립공원 기질유형 분광반사율 측정지역 ·······································································30 [그림 29] 분광반사율 계산 원리 ···················································································································31 [그림 30] 분광반사율 측정범위 산출방법 ·····································································································33.

[그림 31] 분광반사율 현지측정 ·····················································································································34 [그림 32] 암반기질의 분광반사율 분포 ········································································································36 [그림 33] 자갈기질의 분광반사율 분포 ········································································································38 [그림 34] 모래기질의 분광반사율 분포 ········································································································39 [그림 35] 펄기질의 분광반사율 분포 ············································································································41.



│요약│  초분광 DB는 지구에 존재하는 다양한 물질의 분광반사율 자료와 측정위치, 측정조건, 측정대상 등 조사환경과 관련된 보조자료를 축적한 분광라이브러리 데이터베이스로 정의할 수 있다.  초분광 DB는 연안서식지 기질유형이나 특성을 분석하기 위한 참조자료로 사용되고 있으며, 원격탐사분야에서는 초분광영상 자료와 연계하여 지표면 종류를 분류하고 상태를 해석하는데 중요한 기초자료로 활용되고 있다.  본 연구사업의 목적은 초분광영상1)을 이용하여 해상·해안국립공원의 연안서식지를 구성하는 암반, 자갈, 모래, 펄 등 다양한 기질유형을 분류하고, 이를 바탕으로. 연안서식지 기질유형 분포지도를. 제작하는데 기초가 되는 초분광 DB를 구축하는 것이다.  이를 위해서 한려해상국립공원 동부지역과 태안해안국립공원 학암포 해수욕장의 조간대 지역에서 총 307개 지점에서 휴대용 지상분광측정기를 이용하여 암반, 자갈, 모래, 펄 등 연안서식지 기질유형에 대해서 분광반사율을 측정하였고, 추가적으로 아스팔트 및 콘크리트 도로, 이끼류 등에 대해서도 측정하였다.  초분광 DB 구축과정은 크게 현지조사, 오차보정, DB구축의 3단계로 이루어진다. 현지조사에서 기질유형을 결정하고, 선정된 대상지역에서 측정장비의 오차를 제거하는 예열 보정처리를 한 후, 암반, 자갈, 모래, 펄 등 기질유형별 분광반사율을 현지에서 측정하고 현지조사표를 작성한다. 최종적으로 측정된 분광반사율이 가지고 있는 수분 등에 의한 분광잡음의 오차를 제거한 다음 초분광 DB를 구축한다.  암반, 자갈, 모래, 펄 등 4가지 기질유형별 분광반사율 특성은 기질 표면의 상태, 색상, 크기에 따라 분광반사율은 다양하게 나타났다. 기질 중 펄기질의 분광반사율이 가장 낮게 나타났고 모래기질의 분광반사율이 가장 높게 나타났다.. 1) 초분광영상: 3개 레이어로 구성된 항공사진과 달리 10개 레이어에서 수백 레이어로 구성된 사진으로 식생, 물, 토양, 갯벌, 자갈, 암반과 같은 대상물체에서 고유하게 나타나는 빛의 특성을 기록한 영상.



Ⅰ. 과업의 개요 1. 배경 및 목적. I. 과업의 개요 1. 배경 및 목적. 가. 배경  연안지역의 매립과 해안선의 자연손실에 따른 해양생물의 산란·서식지 파괴, 기후변화로 인한 외래생물 유입, 불법적인 어업활동과 무분별한 남획으로 인한 생물다양성 감소, 화학물질과 미세플라스틱과 같은 해양쓰레기의 증가로 인한 바다오염 등 지속적으로 해양생태계는 훼손되고 있는 실정이다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 해양수산부에서는 제2차(2019~2028) 해양생태계 보전관리 10개년 기본계획을 수립하여 해양생태계 서식지 보호, 해양생물 보호·복원, 해양생태계서비스 혜택증진을 목표로 다양한 국가정책을 추진하고 있다(해양수산부, 2019). 또한 국립공원공단에서는 기존의 생물종 중심의 목록조사에서 서식지 관리로 보전정책 방향을 전환하고 해양생태계의 관리를 강화하는 노력을 시도하고 있다(국립공원공단, 2019).  해양생태계의 보전과 지속적인 이용에 있어서 해양에서 일어나는 인간의 활동과 해양생물이 서식하는 지역의 범위나 상태를 정확하게 파악하는 것이 해상해안국립공원에서는 무엇보다 중요한 관리 요소이다. 이에 해양생물의 위치정보와 함께 해양생태계의 서식지정보, 해양환경·생태정보, 해양활동 및 이용현황 등과 관련된 공간정보의 중요성은 점차 커지고 있다.  해양의 상태와 이용특성에 관련된 해양환경, 수산업, 해운·항만, 해양안전 등 다양한. 해양수산정보를. 지도의 형태로 해양수산부에서 제공하고 있으나, 국가단위의 해양보호지역을 중심으로 제작된 해양수산정보는 해상·해안국립공원에서 중요하게 관리하고 있는 연안서식지의 지역적인 생태계를 반영하지 못하고 있기 때문에 현장관리에 직접적으로 활용하기에는 다소 어려움이 있다. 특히, 해상·해안국립공원에서 연안서식지의 지형과 암반, 모래, 자갈, 펄 등과 같은 기질유형분포 및 범위와 관련된 해양공간정보는 매우 미흡한 실정이다.  그동안 국립공원에서는 해양생태계를 보전·관리하는데 요구되는 해양공간정보를 구축하기 위해서 해양관련 전문가나 공원관리 실무자가 생물자원의 위치나 서식지 경계를 현장에서 직접 조사하는 방식으로 이루어지고 있다. 이러한 해양공간정보 구축방식은 방대한 면적으로 널리 분포하고 현장 접근이 어려운 해상·해안국립공원의 지역적 특성상 많은 인력과 시간적 비용이 소요되기 때문에, 드론이나 항공사진 및 위성영상, 라이다, 음향측심기 등 첨단기술을 접목하여 연안지역의 서식지 유형이나 범위와 관련된 공간정보를 구축하는 것이 효율적이다.  기존 항공사진이나 위성영상을 이용하여 산림지역, 해안지역, 도심지역, 농경지역 등과 같이 지표면의 현재 상태를 개략적으로 파악하는데 매우 성공적이었다. 현재 드론의 고해상도 사진을 언제 어디서든지 쉽게 촬영하여 얻을 수 있고 인공지능과 같은 분석기술이 고도화되면서 산림지역 내. │연안서식지 초분관 DB구축 연구│1.