hybrid & electrical vehicles

Energy storage and conversion for hybrid & electrical vehicles

1. Why electric systems?

2. Power demand in vehicles 3. Battery electrical vehicle 4. Hybrid vehicle

5. Fuel cell hybrid systems

Lecture Note #15 (Fall, 2020)

Fuller & Harb (textbook), ch.12

-Renewable energy

-Rechargeable energy storage system (RESS)

-Motivation & goals for electric and hybrid-electric vehicles (1) Reduce petroleum use

(2) Lower releases of greenhouse gases

(3) Decreased emissions of criteria pollutants (4) Increased energy efficiency

Why electric and hybrid-electric systems?

ICE(internal combustion engine) vehicle

Hybrid-electric vehicle

Power demand in vehicles

Driving schedule: speed as a function of time

Power:

Positive: power is needed Negative: deceleration

(energy recovery and storage)

Energy:

Solid: no energy recovered Dashed: energy recovered

(hybrid system)

Illustration 12.1

Battery electric vehicle

V = V_ocv – IR_Ω P_max = V_ocv² / 4R_Ω

Run-time = energy / power

Cycle life = rated capacity[Ah] x (cycle / Ah) x capacity turnover

Illustration 12.2

Hybrid vehicle

Start-stop hybrid: micro-hybrid

Series hybrid system

Start-stop hybrid

Useable energy = (3/4)(1/2CV_max²) = (3/8)CV_max²

Illustration 12.3

Batteries for full-hybrid electric vehicles

Charge-sustaining

Degree of hybridization (DOH) = battery power / (engine power + battery power)

Illustration 12.4

Charge-depleting

Summary of hybrid designs

Fuel cell hybrid systems vehicles

System efficiency,

η_sys = (IV – ancillary power – electrical loss) / availability of the fuel

Illustration 12.5

- 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040

Source : Automotive World Car Industry Forecast Report, Global Insight, 2004

The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs, The National Academies, 2004

내연기관

하이브리드차

수소연료전지차 판매대수(만대)

하이브리드차 : 도입기 성장기 성숙기 쇠퇴기

수소 연료전지차 : 도입기 성장기 성숙기

HEV/FCV의 시장전망

Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(11), 2296 HEV/EV/FCV의 시장전망

수소연료전지차