It is important that trade unions become involved and participate in developing workers' skills. Investments in skills development are accumulating among workers, and unions are collective owners of their professional skills.
Introduction
The Importance of Skills Development
Building strong bridges between vocational education, training and skills development and the world of work increases the likelihood that workers will acquire skills that meet the demands of labor markets, businesses and jobs in different economic sectors and industries. Help young people to establish themselves in the labor market, to make the most of their skills.
The Changing Nature of Skills and the Roles of Unions
Adler (1986) studied the changing nature of skills in manufacturing and identified three categories: 'task responsibilities'. IT services are an example of rapid change in the nature of skills required to perform certain functions.
Initial and Continuing Forms of Vocational Education and Training (VET)
The changing nature of skills poses problems for some unions whose membership rules are based on historical boundaries between particular skills or trades and between skilled and unskilled work. As Cooney (2012) notes, ‘unions need a definition of skills so that their members can be trained for skills, assessed for skills and then placed on appropriate classification scales and pay rates’.
Varieties of Capitalism and VET
The VoC approach is relevant to the investigation of trade unions and skills development when. Nevertheless, the VoC approach provides a useful framework for the comparative analysis of trade unions and skills development within a global context.
Varieties of Unions and VET
A second category is “social movement unionism,” in which unions become part of a broader political movement, often associated with radical causes. Finally, there is 'corporatist trade unionism', where trade unions are 'social partners' with employers and government in national socio-economic development.
Trends in Labour Union Density and Collective Bargaining
Sweden's trade unions drew strength and support from the Social Democratic governments in office from the 1930s to the 1970s and most of the time since. Under the "dual system" of representation, German unions have the right to collective bargaining over employment conditions and the monopoly over assault weapons, while at the same time establishing "co-decision" mechanisms in individual companies.
Challenges to the Unions in Relation to VET
While unions may feel that increased interest and involvement in skills development increases their legitimacy, this is hampered by the reluctance of employers and government to give unions a wider role. Therefore, the challenge for trade unions is how they "frame" their involvement in skills development to engage employers in cooperative ventures.
Varieties of Interest between Unions and Employers Regarding Training
Employers are concerned with achieving a return on investment, as they are in skills development and the benefits to the company. Therefore, employers tend to view training and skills development as a "competitive advantage" that will improve internal efficiency and labor productivity to achieve business goals.
Employee Voice, Partnership and Training
Employers have less interest in the development of general skills, which they see as the responsibility of the state and the individual. Are they interested in training because of the career opportunities it provides in the future.
Case Study of Germany: Union-Employer Engagement in VET
The Case of Norway: Trade Unions and Life-Long Learning
A series of government projects were launched to expand education and training opportunities at the workplace level.
The Case of Canada: Weak Institutional Support for VET
In the case of Quebec, about 50 percent of collective agreements contain a clause on training, and about half of these include provisions for the existence of a joint labor-management committee for training. It remains to be seen whether a future Canadian government will act on the recommendations of the Arthurs report and take more concrete steps to promote cooperation between employers and unions on training.
The Case of the UK: Towards Limited Social Partnership with VET
After the Labor government was elected in 1997, trade unions gained greater visibility as stakeholders in learning and skills policies. An analysis of the Workplace Employment Relations Survey (WERS) found a positive relationship between union presence and training (Stuart and Robinson, 2007).
Conclusions
In liberal market economies (LMEs) such as the UK and Canada, unions have generally failed to establish partnerships with employers in relation to training, which is seen as a managerial prerogative. At best, unions have been able to form partnerships with employers and have persuaded governments to introduce legislation to institutionalize support for EUD.
Chapter Ⅱ
Skills Development and Labor Union in Japan
Skills Development and Labor Union in Japan 1
Vocational Training in Japan
In this period, the main target of the official vocational training policy was thus new graduates. What caused a major change in the vocational training policy of the Japanese government was the training and education benefit system.
Labor Unions’ Participation in Vocational Training
Rengo believes that many of the comments in "the basic plan" were reflected in its final form. In the ratio of "We listen to trade union opinions" or "We explain to trade unions", the larger business enterprises are, the stronger the degree of labor participation in the planning of education and training. The percentage of the company with a labor management consulting organization was 39.6%, the percentage making the education and training plan the main thing in the labor management consulting organization was 64.2%.
Concluding Remarks
Judging from the above trends, it is likely that the role of companies in education and training will more or less weaken in Japan after this, while the roles of the state and trade unions will increase slightly. Report on the Survey of the Realities of Education and Training in the Private Sector.'. Tentative report on the findings of the comprehensive survey on wages, working hours, institutional arrangements, etc.
Chapter Ⅲ
Skills Development and Labour Union- A Case Study on the Analysis of the Role of Labour Union in Skills Development and their Future Direction in Germany
Skills Development and Trade Union - A case study on analyzing the role of trade union in skills.
Skills Development and Labour Union- A Case Study on the Analysis of the Role of Labour Union in Skills
Recent Socio-economic Trends
Ver.di and - especially - GEW (Education and Science Union) are two DGB unions in which women make up the majority of members. Trade union density - the share of employees who are members of a trade union (DGB, DBB, CGB and trade unions that are not connected to an umbrella organization) - was just under 18 percent in 2013, almost at the level of 2009 (19 percent). During the negotiations on the formation of the government, representatives of the DGB trade unions, which are close to the SPD, actively participated in the creation of a compromise agreed with the CDU/. The fact that the CDU/CSU, as the winner of the election, was dependent on cooperation with the SPD in forming a government majority, while at the same time the SPD again intervened in the unions, formed a political constellation that was suitable for the DGB.
Skills Development and the Role of Trade Unions
This partnership is expressed through the involvement of employers and trade unions in the formulation of goals and content for vocational education. The concept of 'competence' in DQR can therefore be linked to the concept of the professional ability to act, which is characteristic of vocational education in the dual system. Through the introduction of DQR, the unions are already seeing clear improvements in the development opportunities for employees.
Future Challenges
For the trade unions this is a breakthrough in the field of social and educational policy. The role of the DGB as an umbrella organization may be emphasized in the coming years. An informative brochure of BIBB.Bonn.Available from:http://www.bibb.de/dokumente/pdf/.
Chapter Ⅳ
The Role of Labour Unions in Skills Development in Australia
Recent Socio-economic Trends in Australia
The long mining boom has led to the emergence of some areas of skills shortages and labor market policy has changed to accommodate this. Previously, labor market policy was driven by the skilled migration program where skilled workers became citizens. Employers have used this system to deal with recruitment difficulties rather than simply skills shortages, and labor market policy has therefore had the unintended effect of reducing employer investment in training.
The Role of Labour Unions in Skills Development in Australia
Labour Union Trends
Trade unions for skilled workers – the craft and general unions – have been in decline and the strength of the unions now lies with unions in the public sector. The greatest interest in EUD is to be found in the traditional trade unions in construction and civil engineering, but unions seeking to influence the supply of EUD face several obstacles. During the later 1990s and into the 2000s, the Australian EUD system was extensively deregulated and employers' powers in relation to training were expanded.
The Role of Labour Union
This union concern with vocational training as a benefit to union members drives union interest in regulating workplace training as part of the employment relationship. Union concern for vocational training as an employment benefit for union members stimulates union interest in regulating workplace training. The expansion of managerial prerogative in relation to training has seen a decline in the provision of formal training by Australian employers.
Bibliography
Chapter Ⅴ
The Roles and Tasks of Labor Unions for Workers' Vocational Education and Training
The Roles and Tasks of Labor Unions for Workers' Vocational Education and Training 1
Theory and Preceding Research
First, let's look at the debates about the negative effects of trade unions on vocational education and training. The positive effects of trade unions on investment in education and training are also discussed. The following chapter four will explore the influence of trade unions on training through a structural model.
Vocational Education and Training and the Current Status of Trade Unions
The number of beneficiaries of vocational training projects under employment insurance (man-years) was only 3.6 million. The number of persons insured by employment insurance and the number of recipients of vocational training projects. The number of established workers' training of vocational training projects under employment insurance and the amount of completed finances.
The Significance of the Role of Trade Unions for Vocational Education and Training
Moreover, there is a low awareness among businesses about the project of education and professional training of workers on duty under employment insurance. Among all enterprises, more than 30% of companies do not know the reimbursement of training expenses in the project of education and professional training of workers on duty under employment insurance. Perception and use of training support systems for enterprise-based vocational education and training project under employment provision.
The Effect of Trade Unions on Vocational Education and Training
Education 2 is the share of education costs in relation to labor costs, and the unit is percent. Accordingly, higher investment in education and training can improve the level of firms' skills and generate productivity growth. The analysis was done by excluding the skill level between education and training and productivity.
The Role and Task of Trade Unions for Vocational Education and Training
Vocational education and training should be placed on the core agenda of trade unions at industry level. Both employers and employees must maintain constructive conflicts and cooperative relationships in terms of vocational education and training of workers (Streeck, 1992). The Act on the Development of Vocational and Vocational Education of Workers provides the legal basis for trade union intervention in vocational education and training projects.
Conclusion
First of all, trade unions in Korea should participate in the evaluation of the vocational education and training project under the employment provision. This may enable trade unions to participate in enterprise-sponsored vocational education and training projects. A Study of the Effects of Trade Unions on Enterprise Education and Training Investments and Worker Skills.
Addendum]
In both coordinated market economies with developed social corporatism and liberal market economies, trade union participation in skills development is declining, while vocational education and training is becoming individualized. Overall, the number of union members is declining as the manufacturing industry declines, and the role of unions is declining. The conditions of trade unions are better in the countries with a coordinated market economy, where social consensus and relatively more regulations on the labor market or skills development are created.
