The article examines the role of crafts in the socio-economic development of the Uzbekistan territories in the post-Soviet period based on statistical data, field observations and in-depth interviews with craftsmen. It has been revealed that the current state of industry, especially the characteristics of its specific, organizational and territorial structure, is related to the change in the economic system of the country, to an increasing role of industry and to the modernization of population's consumer behavior. In order to examine the relationship between folk crafts and the socio-economic development of areas, the role of industry in the economy and in society was analysed.
It has been shown that crafts are still an important branch of the local economy of Uzbek cities and amount from 1%. On the basis of a comparative analysis of the structure of the manufacturing industry and the specific structure of crafts, the dependence between the specialization of new manufacturing industries and the types of crafts was established. In the final part, areas with different importance of folk arts and crafts are marked with recommendations for the management of their socio-economic development in accordance with the specifics of the industry.
Ukaz Prezidenta Respubliki Uzbekistana nr. 1741 O merah gosudarstvennoj podderzhki dal'nejshego razvitija narodnyh hudozhestvennyh promyslov i prikladnogo iskusstva van 31 maart 1997. (Decreet van de president van de Republiek Oezbekistan nr. 1741 betreffende staatssteunmaatregelen voor de verdere ontwikkeling van volkskunsten, ambachten en toegepaste kunsten, gedateerd 31 maart 1997.).
ҒТАМР 70.21.37
Бүгінгі күні де бұл мәселе еліміздің агроөнеркәсіп кешенін дамытудың басым бағыттарының бірі болып қала береді (Қазақстан Республикасы Президентінің Жарлығы. «Аграрлық кәсіптік кешенді дамытудың мемлекеттік бағдарламасын бекіту туралы» Қазақстан Республикасы 2017-2021 жылдарға арналған және оған өзгерістер мен толықтырулар енгізу туралы, 2017 ж.). 2021 жылғы мәліметтер бойынша аудандағы суармалы жерлердің жалпы көлемі 12685 га құрайды, бұл жалпы аудан жер қорының 1,03% ғана құрайды (Жамбыл облысы әкімдігінің жер қатынастары басқармасы, 2021 ж.). 2021 жылғы 1 қарашадағы жағдай бойынша оның 12 685 гектары ауыл шаруашылығы мақсатындағы жерлер болса, 12 685 гектары суармалы жерлерге тиесілі.
Талас ауданы әкімдігінің жер қатынастары бөлімі және ауыл шаруашылығы мелиорация инспекциясының мәліметі бойынша 2021 жылдың 1 қарашасына суармалы жер көлемі 12685 га болса, оның 5391 га (42,5%) ғана пайдаланылуда, ал 7294 га (57,5%). пайдаланылмаған (3-сурет). 2014 жылмен салыстырғанда 2015 жылы шамамен 1073 га жер аз пайдаланылды (Жамбыл облысы әкімдігінің жер қатынастары басқармасы, 2021 ж.; Оңтүстік Қазақ мемлекеттік гидрогеологиялық-мелиоративтік экспедициясы, 2018 ж.). Жамбыл облысы әкімінің орынбасары Нұржан Нұр Джаховтың айтуынша, 2021 жылы Талас ауданы аумағына вегетациялық кезеңде 2500 гектар жерді суаруға жеткілікті мөлшерде су жіберілген.
Талас ауданындағы пайдаланылмайтын суармалы жерлердің үлесі, га (Оңтүстік Қазақстан гидрогеологиялық-мелиоративтік экспедициясы, 2018 ж.; Талас ауданы әкімдігінің жер қатынастары бөлімінің мәліметтері, 2021 ж.).
КАРТОГРАФИЯ ЖӘНЕ ГЕОИНФОРМАТИКА
CARTOGRAPHY AND GEOINFORMATICS
КАРТОГРАФИЯ И ГЕОИНФОРМАТИКА
Kazakhstan ranks 9th in terms of land area in the world, however, most of the territory is in the dry zone, which causes a high exposure to wildfire risk. According to the Ministry of Emergency Situations, more than 14 thousand fires annually affect forests, steppes and rural areas, which is almost 78% of all fires in the country. This work is aimed at assessing the territory of Kazakhstan in terms of the degree of fire danger using methods and means of remote sensing, which are relevant today.
The purpose of this work is to create a fire risk prediction map that allows you to determine the degree of fire risk of territories based on satellite data of remote sensors. The works of foreign researchers who have direct experience in the research and assessment of the degree of fire danger, based on the use of satellite information, are taken into consideration. To determine the possibility of a fire hazard, we studied natural conditions and their influence on the possible spread of a fire and evaluated 11 types of initial data in the Karaganda region.
Based on the authors' experience, the input data are grouped into: fuels, topography, climate and fire statistics. The economic efficiency and importance of the results of this work can serve to reduce socio-economic losses. Quantifying the Influences and Relative Importance of Fire Weather, Topography, and Vegetation on Fire Size and Severity in China's Boreal Forest Landscape.” Forest Ecology and Management.
Overview of the radiometric and biophysical performance of the MODIS vegetation indices.” Environmental Remote Sensing 83, no. Climate drives annual variability in severe fire risk in the western United States.” Environmental Investigation Letters 12, no. Miller C., Urban D.L., “A Model of Surface Fire, Climate, and Forest Pattern in the Sierra Nevada, California.” Ecological Modeling 114, no.
Estimating evapotranspiration change due to forest treatment and fire at the basin scale in the Sierra Nevada California. Development of a Sentinel-2 burned area algorithm: Generation of a small fire database for sub-Saharan Africa. Remote sensing of environment.
МЕТЕОРОЛОГИЯ ЖӘНЕ ГИДРОЛОГИЯ
METEOROLOGY AND HYDROLOGY
МЕТЕОРОЛОГИЯ И ГИДРОЛОГИЯ
Due to the increase in the background temperature, active thermokarean processes lead to an annual increase in the number of moraine lakes and their surfaces. The detection and identification of moraine lakes in the Shilik river basin was carried out on the basis of the Google Earth 9.x module, remote sensing of the Earth and the use of GIS technology. Catastrophic mass flows in a mountain glacial environment // Hazards, risks and accidents related to snow and ice.
Assessment of evolution and risks of glacial lake eruptions in the Djungarskiy Alatau, Central Asia, using Landsat imagery and glacier bed topography modeling // Nat. Debris flow activity in trans-Ile Alatau in the 20th-early 21st centuries // Geography and natural resorts, №40(3). Variations of the glacier mass balance and lake water storage in the Tarim Basin, northwestern China, over the period 2003–2009 estimated by the ICESat-GLAS data // Environmental Earth Sciences.
Assessment of downstream flood impact due to a potential GLOF from Imja Tsho in Nepal // Earth Hydrology System Science19. 2015) Changes of glacier mass balance and lake water storage in the Tarim Basin, northwest China, during 2003-2009 estimated from ICESat-GLAS data // Environmental Earth Sciences 74(3). Long-term precipitation fluctuations in the north of Kazakhstan in the 20th century - beginning of the 21st century] Zhurnal "Molodoj uchenyj" g. Mnogoletnie issledovanija osadkov na svetka Kazahstana v HH-v nachale HHІ v.[ Long-term precipitation fluctuations in the north of Kazakhstan in the 20th century – the beginning of the 21st century.] 2016 – g.
When considering the spatial distribution of meteorological elements, it is necessary to take into account not only the level of the earth's surface, but also the distribution in the free atmosphere. Observations of the vertical distribution of meteorological elements in the atmosphere are information widely used in many meteorological fields, for example in aviation, weather forecasting, climatology. Therefore, in the 90s of the last century, foreign scientists began to use the method of reanalysis to solve this problem.
Үш ауа райы жағдайы үшін нормаланған ауытқу (NO) және нормаланған орташа абсолютті қателік (NSAO) биіктігі бойынша 0,00-0,05 диапазонында өзгерді. ERA5 қайта талдау деректеріне негізделген жұмыстарда қайта талдау ақпараты мен дыбыстық ақпарат арасында жақсы корреляция байқалды, әсіресе корреляция коэффициенті күзгі кезеңде максималды мәндерге ие болды (Ariunsolongo, Jambajamts, Monkhtsetseg, 2021: 4). Оңтүстік Антарктика түбегі-Эллсворт аймағындағы ERA5 қайта талдау деректерін тексеру және оның мұзды зерттеуге әсері // Geosciences doi:10.3390/geosciences9070289.
Validation of ERA5 reanalysis data in the South Antarctic Peninsula – Ellsworth Land region and its implications for ice core studies // Geosciences doi:10.3390/geosciences9070289.
ГЕОЭКОЛОГИЯ
GEOECOLOGY
In recent decades, one of the pressing problems is the increase in the use of chromium among heavy metals in many types of anthropogenic impact and production of chromium, contamination of soil and plants with chromium. One of the most common dominant plants in the city of Aktobe is creeping thistle. As a result of the study, it was found that creeping thistle absorbs chromium very well and is also a metal-tolerant plant capable.
An overview of the elements of human well-being with an emphasis on the contribution of ecosystem services. An overview of the elements of human well-being with an emphasis on the contribution of ecosystem services. Assessment of socio-ecological damage due to pollution by waste and collector drainage water in the lower reaches of the Syrdarya River.
As a result, wastewater from irrigated lands, contaminated with various agrochemical wastes, mixes with river water, deteriorating the quality of the remaining water resources in the river. In the lower part of the Shardara reservoir, the level of pesticides in the water has been significantly reduced, while the concentration of other pollutants remains high. The level of pesticide pollution in the lower reaches of the river is increasing and reaches its peak in the area of the modern (Kazalinsky) delta.
In this part of the river, in addition to other pollutants, a systematic increase in the concentration of oil products, nitrogen nitrite and organic matter is observed. The article deals with the issues of determining the damage caused by the pollution of the Syrdarya River and assessing the amount of pollution damage. Assessment of social and environmental damage caused by pollution of sewage and collectors-drainage in the lower reaches of the Syrdarya River.
Improvement of the ecological and reclamation status of irrigated lands in the lower reaches of the Syr Darya // International Journal of Pharmacy & Technology. Improvement of the ecological and amelioration condition of irrigated lands in the lower reaches of the Sir Darje.
