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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Alhamdulilah.

The success and final outcome of this project required a lot of guidance and assistance from many people and I am extremely fortunate to have got this along the completion of my project work. Whatever I have done is only due to such guidance and assistance and I would forget to thank them.

I respect and thank Prof. Dr Saifolah Abdullah, for giving me an opportunity to do the Final Year Project (FYP) entitled 'The Uv-Vis Absorption Study Of Zeolite Nanopowder Coated With Potassium And Phosphorous' and providing me all support and guidance which made me complete the project on time. I am extremely grateful to as I been provided Miss Zahidatul Fathinah, my mentor who help me in conducting experiment and produce good samples in the NanoSciTech Laboratory, UiTM Shah Alam.

I also want to thank everyone in the NanoSciTech Laboratoryespecially laboratory assistants, research assistants (R.A) and master students for their co-operation, technical assistance, and valuable contribution to my work because they give me a lot of information, and valuation contribution to my work because they give me a lot of information and guide me to do my research with full commitment.

Also, I would like to express my gratitude to my family especially my parents Mr Md Zainuddin Shafie and Mdm Halifah Ali Kamaruddin, lecturers, my partners and my friends, and everyone who have lends hand and helped me out in completing this research paper.

Last but not least, I wish to express my sincere gratitude to all those, who in one way or another, have assisted me in the preparation of this research paper. And, I would like to thank those whom offering their support by read and criticized for better improvement and development of my research. Thank you very much.

Yushini Bt Md Zainuddin.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ii TABLE OF CONTENTS iii LIST OF TABLES v LIST OF FIGURES vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ix

ABSTRACT x ABSTRAK xi CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background 1 1.2 Problem Statement 13 1.3 Objectives of Study 14 1.4 Significance of Study 15 CHAPTER 2 : LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Natural Zeolite in Agriculture 17 2.2 Zeolite and its Properties 28 2.3 Characteristics of Zeolite 30 2.4 Zeolite as Ion Exchanger 31 CHAPTER 3 : METHODOLOGY

3.1 Flow Chart of Study 32 3.2 Preparation of Zeolite Nanopowder 33

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ABSTRACT

THE UV-VIS ABSORPTION STUDY OF ZEOLITE NANOPOWDER COATED WITH POTASSIUM AND PHOSPHOROUS

Zeolites are aluminosilicate solids bearing a negatively charged honeycomb framework of micropores into which molecules may be adsorbed for environmental decontamination, and to catalyse chemical reactions. They are central to green-chemistry since the necessity for organic solvents is minimised. Proton-exchanged (H) zeolites are extensively employed in the petrochemical industry for cracking crude oil fractions into fuels and chemical feedstocks for other industrial processes. Due to their ability to perform cation-exchange, in which the cations that are originally present to counterbalance the framework negative charge may be exchanged out of the zeolite by cations present in aqueous solution, zeolites are useful as industrial water-softeners, in the removal of radioactive Cs+ and Sr2+ cations from liquid nuclear waste and in the removal of toxic heavy metal cations from groundwaters and run-off waters. Surfactant-modified zeolites (SMZ) find particular application in the co-removal of both toxic anions and organic pollutants. In this study, under the procedure of Wet Milling Method, Zeolite nanoparticles was produce. Zeolite coated with solution of KH2PO4 and KC1 with different molarity 0.1 mol, 0.5mol and l.Omol. Characterization of Zeolite was performed by using Particle Sizer, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The leach of two main element which is Potassium and Phosphorus from Zeolite as it had been coated were observed by UV-Vis Spectroscopy. From result, it was observed that, from the first wash, the main element Potassium and Phosphorus, was drastically leach. Followed by further wash, the release rate were quite constant. Zeolite nanoparticles were washed for at least four times in order to observed the efficiency of Zeolite control release rate of the two element, Potassium and Phosphorus.

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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background

Zeolite

Zeolites are crystalline aluminosilicates, composed of TO4 tetrahedra (T = Si, Al) with O atoms connecting neighbouring tetrahedral, that contain pores and cavities of molecular dimensions (Breck, 1974). Many occur as natural minerals, but it is the synthetic varieties which are among the most widely used sorbents, catalysts and ion-exchange materials in the world (Barrer, 1982).

The channels are large enough to allow the passage of guest species. In the hydrated phases, dehydration occurs at temperatures mostly below about 400°C and is largely reversible. The framework may be interrupted by (OH, F) groups that occupy a tetrahedron apex that is not shared with adjacent tetrahedral (C00MBS et al.1998). Zeolites are different from other porous hydrates, as they retain their structural integrity upon loss of water.

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