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Estimation of Tire Cornering Stiffness Using Static Method

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Estimation of Tire Cornering Stiffness Using Static Method

By

Joel Yeo Eng Hsien

Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the

Bachelor of Engineering (Hons) (Mechanical Engineering)

MAY 2012

Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Bandar Seri Iskandar

31750 Tronoh Perak Darul Ridzuan

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i

CERTIFICATION OF APPROVAL

Estimation of Tire Cornering Stiffness Using Static Method

By

Joel Yeo Eng Hsien

A project dissertation submitted to the Mechanical Engineering Program Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (Hons) (MECHANICAL ENGINEERING)

Approved by,

______________________________

(IR. DR. MASRI B. BAHAROM)

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS TRONOH, PERAK

May 2012

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CERTIFICATION OF ORIGINALITY

This is to certify that I am accountable for the work submitted in this project, that the original work is my own except as specified in the references and acknowledgement, and that the original work herein has not been undertaken or done by unspecified sources or persons.

____________________________

(JOEL YEO ENG HSIEN)

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iii

ABSTRACT

This paper presents the tire testing apparatus estimating for sideslip angle, lateral forces and cornering stiffness of a tire. This project aims to design, fabricate and test an apparatus to obtain tire cornering stiffness using static method as of the title. The test was manually done using the designed apparatus by measuring the weight on wheel with a weighing scale and the forces required to turn the wheel with a hanging scale, done on the tar road. The estimated results from the apparatus were verified by the results taken from the UTP team 2012 vehicle by the Satellite Data Logger DL2 paired with Race Technology V7 software. It was found that there was a difference of 36% on the result collected using the static apparatus compared to the software data. Additionally, this apparatus presents a lower cost alternative to estimate the cornering stiffness of a tire.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

All praise and glory I offer to God who has always been faithful and loving to keep me going, and to grant me wisdom and fruitfulness to complete this research victoriously. I owe a tonne-full of thankfulness to my supervisor, Ir. Dr. Masri B. Baharom, my family and my friends. They have been a really great support to me throughout this paper. I hereby would like to thank Stephanie Cristal Daud for assisting me in many ways to come to this point. Last but not least, I would like to show my gratitude to Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS for providing the needed fund, resources and gadget to accomplish this project.

Yours truly,

Joel Yeo Eng Hsien

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TABLE OF CONTENT

CERTIFICATION OF APPROVAL. . . i

CERTIFICATION OF ORIGINALITY . . . ii

ABSTRACT . . . iii

ACKNOWLEDGMENT . . . iv

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . . . 1

1.1 Background of Study . . . . 1

1.2 Problem Statement . . . . 2

1.3 Objective . . . 2

1.4 Scope of Study . . . . 2

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW . . . . 3

2.1 Sideslip Estimation . . . . 3

2.2 Cornering Stiffness Estimation . . 4

2.3 Critical Analysis of Literature . . 5

2.4 Research Model . . . . 6

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY . . . 7

3.1 Project Phase 1 . . . . 8

3.2 Project Phase 2 . . . . 8

3.3 Gantt Chart . . . 10

3.4 Key Milestones . . . . 11

3.5 Tools . . . 11

3.6 Procedure of Using Apparatus . . 11

CHAPTER 4: RESULT AND DISCUSSION . . . 13

4.1 Results from the Tire Testing Apparatus . 13 4.2 Result for the Data Satellite Logger DL2 . 17 4.3 Verification of Result . . . . 19

4.4 Cost . . . 20

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS . 21 5.1 Conclusion . . . 21

5.2 Recommendations . . . . 21

REFERENCES . . . 23

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1 Sideslip 3

Figure 2 Tire deflect during cornering 6

Figure 3 Research model 6

Figure 4 Methodology 7

Figure 5 Tire testing apparatus in Catia 8

Figure 6 Assembled tire testing apparatus 9

Figure 7 Data Satellite Logger DL2 10

Figure 8 Gantt chart 10

Figure 9 Key milestones 11

Figure 10 Apparatus diagram with force 12

Figure 11 Free body diagram of apparatus 14

Figure 12 Contact patch of 16.6 cm 14

Figure 13 Centre of gravity 18

LIST OF TABLE

Table 1 Testing apparatus results 13

Table 2 Data Satellite Logger DL2 Results 17

LIST OF GRAPH

Graph 1 Cornering Stiffness vs Slip Angle 16

Graph 2 Lateral Force vs Slip Angle 16

Graph 3 Cornering Stiffness vs Cornering Radius 19

ABBREVIATIONS

UTP Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS

UTP 2012 team Team gen89 participated in the Shell Eco-Marathon 2012

Referensi

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