• Tidak ada hasil yang ditemukan

of of By

N/A
N/A
Info
Unduh - Bebas
Protected

Academic year: 2024

Membagikan "of of By"

Copied!
55
0
0

Memuat.... (Lihat teks lengkap sekarang)

Unduh sekarang ( 55 Halaman )

Teks penuh

(1)

Developing Green Lost Circulation Material (LCM) Derived From Pineapple Peel Waste

By

Syed Mohd Ashraf Bin Sayed Zainaiabidin

Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Bachelor of Engineering (Hons)

(Petroleum Engineering)

APRIL2011

Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Bandar Seri Iskandar

31750 Tronoh

Perak Darul Ridzuan.

1

(2)

CERTIFICATION OF APPROVAL

Developing Green Lost Circulation Material (LCM) Derived From Pineapple Peel

Waste

By

Syed Mohd Ashraf Bin Sayed Zainaiabidin

A project dissertation submitted to the Geoscience and Petroleum Engineering Programme

Approved by,

Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the

Bachelor of Engineering (Hons) (Petroleum Engineering)

APRIL 2011

Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Bandar Seri Iskandar

31750Tronoh Perak Darul Ridzuan

ii

(3)

CERTIFICATION OF ORJGINAUTY

This is certify that I am responsible for the work submitted in this project, that the original work is my own except as specified in the references and acknowledgements, and the original work contained herein have not been undertaken or done

by

unspecified sources or person.

(SYED MOHD ASHRAF BIN SAYED ZAINAIABlDIN)

iii

(4)

ABSTRACT

Lost circulation can be serious problem during drilling operation. It is one of the most troublesome and costly problems encountered while drilling a well. Lost circulation can be characterized by a reduction in the rate of mud returns from the well compared to the rate at which it is pumped downhole. Even with the best drilling practices circulation losses still occur. In order to reduce such losses to acceptable level lost circulation material (LCM) is used. The objectives of this study are to develop green lost circulation material from pineapple peel waste, conduct several mud testings with the green lost circulation material and compare its performance with industrial lost circulation material which is nutplug.

The equipments that been used in order to perform the testing are mixer, mud balance, viscometer, HTHP filter press, API filter press and permeability plugging apparatus (PPA). There are five mud have been mixed and tested which are base mud (Bl), base mud+ nut plug 1 (NPl), base mud+ nut plug 2 (NP2) ,base mud+ pineapple peel waste I (PPWI) and base mud+ pineapple peel waste 2 (PPW2). Base mud (Bl) and base mud + nut plug (NPl and NP2) are mixed as a comparison for pineapple peel waste mud. For all these mud, the mud weight intentionally set to 10.5 ppg as in most cases the amount of mud weight used with lost circulation material is in the range of8-

II ppg. The resuhs of all the experiments are further discussed in this report.

iv

(5)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Firstly, I would like to express a token of appreciation to UTP for providing laboratory equipments, facilities and funds for me to

be

able to conduct this project according to plan.

A lot of thanks also goes to the people in Petroleum and Geoscience Department who gave full support and commitment in making sure that all Petroleum Engineering students Final Year Project (FYP) progress as planned.

I am indebted to so many people who have been helping me during my one year of completing this project, where their presences are the essence in making this project successful. They are people of my respects who involve directly or indirectly throughout this project.

My biggest gratitude goes to my FYP supervisor, Pn Mazlin !dress for sharing her knowledge, experiences and guiding me all throughout this project. Also, special thanks to SCOMI GRTC staffS especially Mr. Erwin Ariyanto and Mrs. Fardelen Naimi fur helping me regarding this project.

I would also like to take this moment to thank my family and friends who keep on supporting me in completing the whole project. Finally, thanks to all who had directly or indirectly supported me and guided me upon completing the project.

v

(6)

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1 Natural Fracture 5

Figure 2 Induced Fracture 5

Figure 3 Cavernous or channel formation 6

Figure 4 Unconsolidated formation 6

Figure 5 Mud circulation system 8

Figure 6 Pineapple fruit 15

Figure 7 Project Activities Flow Chart 17

Figure 8 Pineapple peel 18

Figure 9 Pineapple peel after been grinded 18

Figure 10 Composition of Mud 18

Figure 11 Mud balance 19

Figure 12 Marsh funnel 20

Figure 13 Fann 35 viscometer 21

Figure 14 Comparison between Bingham Plastic, Modified Power Law and

Power Law models 22

Figure 15 API fiker press 23

Figure 16 HTHP filtration 24

Figure 17 Permeability Plugging Apparatus 25

Figure 18 Plastic ViscosityofB1, NP1 and PPW1 mud 29 Figure 19 Plastic Viscosity ofBl, NP2 and PPW2 mud 30

Figure 20 Yield Point ofB1, NP1 and PPW1 mud 31

Figure 21 Yield Point ofBl, NP2 and PPW2 mud 31

Figure 22 Mud cake ofBI mud on 35 micron ceramic disk 33 Figure 23 Mud cake ofPPW1 mud on 35 micron ceramic disk 33 Figure 24 Mud cake ofNPI mud on 35 micron ceramic disk 34 Figure 25 Mud cake thickness using API filter press 34 Figure 26 Mud cake thickness using permeability plugging apparatus (PPA) 35

vi

(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
(12)
(13)
(14)
(15)
(16)
(17)
(18)
(19)
(20)
(21)
(22)
(23)
(24)
(25)
(26)
(27)
(28)
(29)
(30)
(31)
(32)
(33)
(34)
(35)
(36)
(37)
(38)
(39)
(40)
(41)
(42)
(43)
(44)
(45)
(46)
(47)
(48)
(49)
(50)
(51)
(52)
(53)
(54)
(55)

Referensi

Unduh sekarang ( PDF - 55 Halaman - 3.55 MB )

Dokumen terkait

analysis of rewetting of hot system - ethesis

LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 1- Longitudinal section of the electrical simulator FIGURE 2- Adopted sequence for solution FIGURE 3- Heat transfer coefficient versus height of the channel for

Environmental design, crime and vulnerability : a case study of Wentworth.

xii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1: Early Industrial and Development nodes in the South Durban c1959 5 Figure 1.2: Wentworth in relation to surrounding communities and industry 6 Figure

Experimental Studies on the Effect of the Particle Shape ... - UTPedia

List of Figures Figure 1: Schematic diagram of fluidization process 5 Figure 2: Conventional Fluidized Bed Combustor Boiler 6 Figure 3: Schematic diagram and basic configuration of

PDF Mobile Bookstore (m-Bookstore) - Universiti Teknologi Petronas

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: An Example of Mobile Web Services 6 Figure 2: Capability Sharing 7 Figure 3: Waterfall Model 24 Figure 4: Incremental Development Model 24 Figure 5:

PDF Arduino Based Fall Detection and Alert System

vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Fall Detection System methods 5 Figure 2: Posture recognition during falling 5 Figure 3: Common algorithm for camera based method 6 Figure 4: Acoustic

Applying Information System inHealthcare Organization

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 Information Gathering Method Waterfall Model

smart business information system by hriday ahmed id

©Daffodil International University vii LIST OF FIGURES FIGURES PAGE NO Figure 3.1: Sequence Diagram 5 Figure 3.2: Use Case Diagram 6 Figure 3.3: Activity Diagram Admin 7

TWIN ROTOR

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Plant to be controlled 4 Figure 2 Open-loop system 4 Figure 3 Closed- loop control system 5 Figure 4 State space representation ofa plant 6 Figure 5