Nitrile Functionalised Imidazolium Based Ionic Liquids for Carbon Dioxide Removal
by
Muhammad Fauzi Bin Khamis
Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the
Bachelor of Engineering (Hons) (Chemical Engineering)
SEPTEMBER 2011
Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Bandar Seri Iskandar
31750 Tronoh Perak Darul Ridzuan
CERTIFICATION OF APPROVAL
Nitrile Functionalised Imidazolium Based Ionic Liquids for Carbon Dioxide Removal
Approved by,
by
Muhammad Fauzi bin Khamis
A project dissertation submitted to the Chemical Engineering Programme
Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (Hons) (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING)
AP Dr. Cecilia Devi Wilfred Project Supervisor
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS TRONOH, PERAK
September 2011
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CERTIFICATION OF ORIGINALITY
This is to certify that I am responsible for the work submitted in this project, that the original work is my own except as specified in the references and acknowledgements, and that the original work contained herein have not been undertaken or done by unspecified sources or persons.
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ABSTRACT
The purpose of this project is to provide an overview of the author's Final Year Project. Current technology in separation of carbon dioxide from natural gas such as absorption, adsorption, membrane, refrigeration and cryogenic require relatively large facilities, a large investment, complex mechanical work and the possibility of having a negative impact on the environment (Litynski, 2011).
Separation with ionic liquids is proposed as a solution to some of the advantages of conventional methods.
A common characteristic of ionic liquids is in viscous liquid phase at room temperature. High viscosity means less carbon dioxide (C02) move ability in the respective ionic liquids. A less viscous ionic liquids will have better C02 move ability and thus increase the amount of C02 absorb.
A study is planned to produce novel ionic liquids that have low viscosity in order to improve C02 move ability. This study will synthesize a range of ionic liquids by manipulating cation used. Cations used in this study have different alkyl chain length with nitrile functionality. Then the best ionic liquids for C02 removal can be analyze and evaluate.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Firstly, my utmost gratitude to Allah the All-Mighty for his uncountable graces upon me and for the successful completion of this project in due course of time.
I would like to express the inmost appreciation to my supervisor, AP Dr.
Cecilia Devi Wilfred, Senior Lecturer of Chemical Engineering Department, UTP.
The supervision and continuous support that she gave truly help me throughout completing this project. Her constant guidance, helpful comments and suggestions has helped me not only to complete but also to enhance the expected results of the project. Her kindness, valuable advice, friendly approach and patience will always be appreciated.
Special thanks to PETRONAS Ionic Liquids Centre for their co-operation in this project by providing the equipments and assistance during experimentation. This project would not have been possible without the invaluable help provided.
Lastly, great appreciation to my friends, who were a constant source of support during my work. To all UTP lecturers, students and staff and to all whose their names are not mentioned here but they provided help directly or indirectly.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT ... IV
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... V LIST OF FIGURES ... VIII
LIST OF TABLES ... IX LIST OF GRAPH ... X
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ... 1
1.1 Background of Study ... I 1.2 Problem Statement. ... 3
1.3 Objective and Scope of the project ... 5
1.3.1 Main Objective ... 5
1.3 .2 Scope of Project ....•... 5
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW ... 6
2.1 Carbon Dioxide ... 6
2.2 Ionic Liquids ... 6
2.2.1 Room Temperature Ionic Liquids (RTILs) ... 7
2.2.2 Ionic Liquids Properties ... 7
2.2.3 Carbon Dioxide Solubility in Imidazolium Based ionic Liquids ... 9
2.2.4 Ionic Liquids Synthesis ... 10
2.2.4.1 Quaternization ... ! 0
2.2.4.2 Metathesis ... !! 2.2.5 Alkyl Chain Length of Functionalised Group ... II CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY ... 13
3.1 Project Activities ... 13
3.2 Ionic Liquids Synthesis ... 14
3.2.1 Theoretical Calculation ... 14
3.2.2 Quatemization ... 15
3.2.2.1 Synthesis of 1-methyl-3-propionitrile imidazole chloride 15 3.2.2.2 Synthesis of 1-methyl-4-butyronitrinile imidazole chloride 15 3.2.3 Metathesis ... 16
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