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FINAL REPORT

Parametric Study on Effects of Water-Cement Ratio to Compressive Strength ofRHA Mortar

Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Bandar Seri Iskandar

31750 Tronoh Perak Dam! Ridzuan

by

Adilhakimin bin Anwar

9775

Bachelor of Engineering (Hons.) Civil Engineering Department Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS

JANUARY 2011

CERTIFICATION OF APPROVAL

Parametric Study on Effects of Water-Cement Ratio to Compressive Strength of RHA Mortar

Approved by,

by

Adilhakimin bin Anwar

A project dissertation submitted to the Civil Engineering Programme Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS in partial fulfihnent of the requirement for the

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (Hans) (CIVIL ENGINEERING)

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS TRONOH, PERAK

January 2011

CERTIFICATION OF ORIGINALITY

This is to certifY that I am responsible for the work submitted in this project, that the original work is my own except as specified in the references and acknowledgements, and that the original work contained herein have not been undertaken or done by unspecified sources or persons.

ADILHAKIMIN BIN ANWAR

ABSTRACT

The main objective of this research is to investigate the effects of using Rice Husk Ash (RHA) as a partial cement replacement material in mortar mixes. Water to cement ratio (w/c) were varied namely 0.50 and 0.55 while RHA content were differed from 0% to 45% at increment of 5%. The studied binder:sand ratio (b:s) was varied at 1:3 and 1:4. Compressive strengths of the mixes were determined at 7, 28 and 60 days. In addition, the water absorption and initial water suction rate of mix samples were also investigated. The obtained results show that most of the mortar mixes up to 20% of RHA replacement level achieved higher strength compared to other mixes with RHA replacement level exceeding of 20%. Furthermore, this study showed that mixes with w/c of 0.55 possesses higher strength.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT ... i

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION... 1

1.1

Background of Study... .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . .. . 1

1.2 Problem Statement... .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . 1

1.3

Objectives ... _.. .. . .. .. 2

1.4 Scope ofWork ... 2

CHAPTER2: l-ITERATURE RE\TIE~ ... ... 3

2.1 Mortar ... 3

2.2 Rice Husk Ash

(RHA) ...

6

2.3 Water-cement Ratio ... 9

CHAPTER3: METHODOl-OGY ...

10

3.1 Description of Work ... 10

3.2 Methodology and Main Process ... .16

CHAPTER4: RESUl-T ...

17

4.1 Compressive Strength ... 17

4.2 Particle Size Distribution ofRHA, Cement and Sand ... 22

4.3 IRS, Absorption with Compressive Strength ... 23

4.4 Project Viability and Economic Benefit.. ... 29

CHAPTERS: CONCl-USION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ... 31

REFERENCES ...

32

APPENDICES ... ... 34

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2.1 Figure 2.2 Figure 3.1 Figure 4.1 Figure 4.2 Figure 4.3 Figure 4.4 Figure 4.5 Figure 4.6 Figure 4.7 Figure 4.8 Figure 4.9 Figure 4.10 Figure 4.11 Figure 4.12

Compressive Strength of Mixes

4

Water-to-cement distance function for the three cements at w/c of0.35 and 0.50

9

Flow Chart of Methodology in Experimental Work 16

7 -day Compressive Strength of Mortar Samples 19

28-day Compressive Strength of Mortar Samples 60-day Compressive Strength of Mortar Samples

Particle Size Distribution ofRHA, Cement and Sand Samples

Compressive Strength and IRS for Mortar Mix (w/c = 0.50, b:s = 1 :3) Compressive Strength and IRS for Mortar Mix (w/c = 0.50, b:s = 1

:4)

Compressive Strength and IRS for Mortar Mix (w/c = 0.55, b:s ⁼ 1 :3) Compressive Strength and IRS for Mortar Mix (w/c

=

0.55, b:s

=

1 :4)

Compressive Strength and Absorption for Mortar Mix (w/c ⁼ 0.50, b:s ⁼ 1 :3) Compressive Strength and Absorption for Mortar Mix (w/c

=

0.50, b:s

=

1 :3) Compressive Strength and Absorption for Mortar Mix (w/c = 0.55, b:s = 1 :3) Compressive Strength and Absorption for Mortar Mix (w/c ⁼ 0.55, b:s ⁼ 1 :4)

20 20 22 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28

LIST OF TABLES

Table 2.1 Table 2.2 Table 2.3 Table 3.1 Table 3.2 Table 3.3 Table 3.4 Table 4.1 Table 4.2 Table 4.3 Table 4.4

7 -days and 28-days Compressive Strength Result Compressive Strength of Blocks

Compressive Strength of Mortar Samples

Mix Proportion ofRHA mortar (w/c = 0.50, binder:aggregate = 1:3) Mix Proportion ofRHA mortar (w/c = 0.50, binder:aggregate = 1 :4) Mix Proportion ofRHA mortar (w/c = 0.55, binder:aggregate =I :3) Mix Proportion ofRHA mortar (w/c = 0.55, binder:aggregate =I :4) Compressive Strength for RHA mortar (w/c = 0.50, binder:sand = 1:3) Compressive Strength for RHA mortar (w/c = 0.50, binder: sand= I :4) Compressive Strength for RHA mortar (w/c = 0.55, binder:sand = 1 :3) Compressive Strength for RHA mortar (w/c = 0.55, binder: sand= 1 :4)

5 7 8 12 13 13 14 17 17 18 18 Table 4.5 Average 28-day Compressive Strength of Mixes (MPa) 21 Table 4.6 Compressive Strength, IRS and Absorption for Mortar Mix (w/c = 0.50, b:s = I :3)23 Table 4.7 Compressive Strength, IRS and Absorption for Mortar Mix (w/c = 0.50, b:s = 1:4)23 Table 4.8 Compressive Strength, IRS and Absorption for Mortar Mix (w/c = 0.55, b:s = I :3)24 Table 4.9 Compressive Strength, IRS and Absorption for Mortar Mix (w/c = 0.55, b:s = 1 :4)24 Table 4.10 Types of Brick and Discount Comparison to RHABrick 30