UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
DETERMINING ANTECEDENTS INFLUENCING BENEFICIARIES INCOME LEVEL FROM INCOME
GENERATING PROGRAMS
NORSUHADA BINTI SAHEDAN
MSc
May 2020
iv
ABSTRACT
The income generating program performance have become a significant research area since the introduction of productive welfare initiative in eradicating urban poverty just over a decade ago in Malaysia. Researchers have studied and proposed improvement to many factors such as entrepreneur traits as well as assistance facilities in order to investigate its effectiveness in eradicating poverty. The critical issue is whether entrepreneur traits and assistance facilities, do influence the level of income from income generating program. Thus, this research aims to investigate the relationships between assistance facilities which are training and in-kind transfer of business equipment as well as entrepreneurs traits namely knowledge and skills, motivation, risk- taking and passion to the beneficiary income level. Samples selected using stratified random sampling yielded 250 usable questionnaires. The beneficiaries among the Azam Bandar Program and the Kios Penjaja Bandar Program under Program Pembasmian Kemiskinan Bandar participated in this survey. Pearson correlation was used to measure the relationship between the variables. The findings revealed that there are no significant relationships between all variables and income level except for passion.
Passion makes the strongest contribution in explaining the level of income with 0.358 beta value. The regression analysis also indicated 24.6% of the variance in the level of income is explained by training, in-kind transfer, knowledge and skills, motivation, risk-taking and passion. The implications of this study can be found in various aspects including improvements in training implementation, establishment of mentoring programs and determination of appropriate in-kind transfers. The discussion and implications provided in this study would strengthen the body of knowledge with the result of research and contributing to government agencies as well as policy makers with recommendations in order to improve the program performance.
v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillah, In the name of Allah, the Al-Mighty, the Most Beneficent and the Most Merciful who made this journey possible by granting me the patience, the courage and the strength. Without His blessing this journey would not be possible. I am indebted to many individuals and institutions in the course of my research and writing of this thesis.
This thesis is a special gift to my beloved husband Nur Hisham Idrus, my beautiful daughters Nur Fatihah and Nur Insyirah, my loving parents Sahedan Md Amin and Normala Zakaria for their personal support and understanding throughout my research journey. You have taught me the meaning of life and now to be a survivor. Thank you for your patience, love and encouragement.
I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to my supervisors, Assoc. Prof. Dr Norlida Jaafar and Dr Siti Badariah Saiful Nathan for their guidance, continuous encouragement, insightful thoughts and invaluable advice. I would like to record my sincere appreciation to the Dean of the Faculty of Business and Management as well as the academic and non-academic staff of the Centre for Postgraduate and Professional Studies for their great cooperation and assistance in completing this research. I would also like to thank my fellow friends for their encouragement, support and prayers.
My special thanks to Public Service Department (JPA) for believing in me to pursue my study and without the financial support, this study could not have materialised. My appreciation also extends to the Ministry of Housing and Local Government, Ministry of Economic Affairs as well as the Implementation Coordination Unit of the Prime Minister's Department for their cooperation in this research. Finally, my gratitude also goes to all the respondents in providing the necessary information as well as their kind cooperation in the survey.
Thank you.
Norsuhada Sahedan
May 2020
vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page CONFIRMATION BY PANEL OF EXAMINERS ii
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION iii
ABSTRACT iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT v
TABLE OF CONTENTS vi
LIST OF TABLES ix
LIST OF FIGURES xi
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xii
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Research Background 1
1.2.1 Income Generating Programs Performance 3
1.3 Problem Statement 7
1.4 Research Questions 8
1.5 Research Objectives 8
1.6 Research Scope 9
1.7 Significance of Study 10
1.8 Definition of Terms 11
1.9 Thesis Structure 12
1.10 Conclusion 13
CHAPTER TWO: POVERTY INTERVENTION PROGRAMS 14
2.1 Introduction 14
2.2 Global Intervention Program in Alleviating Urban Poverty 14
2.3 Malaysia’s Poverty Intervention Programs 17
2.3.1 Program Pembasmian Kemiskinan Bandar (PPKB) 23
