DESCRIPTION 0F THREE SELECTED CASES OF PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS
Sector 1 Sector 2 Sector 3 Sector 4 Total
5.3.5 Management Policy and Performance of DASTA
In the administration of DASTA, the director announced the policy of management to be able to work in accordance with government policy to develop tourism, to increase income and distribute income to local communities, under the policy framework for the management of the development of Designated Areas for sustainable tourism with the following 3factors, economic, social and environmental and with significant results. The summary is as follows.
1) Co-Creation Tourism, to balance tourism using the 3 factors, economy, society and environment under five guiding principles: "joint thinking, planning, co-operation, responsibility and benefit sharing". Through conscientious
work, be sincere and close to the current and future network partners by supporting the implementation of various projects in the master plan of all Designated Areas. The DASTA budget has been allocated for tangible actions, so that development partners can truly benefit. DASTA's focus is on tourism that brings happiness to the local people, society, culture, traditions, resources and the environment, including a thorough and fair income distribution. This is achieved by providing the people, communities and local administrative organizations, who are involved in the five approaches above, the provision of knowledge and experience in tourism management and awareness of the impact of tourism, ecology, archeology, antiquities, cultures and local lifestyles, resulting from the involvement of all stakeholders in the development of space. The goal of this achievement is to analyze the "Gross Village Happiness"
(GVH) of the people in the community, such as income, quality of life, society and culture and the environment of the tourist attraction. This is a tool that shows the development of sustainable tourism at DASTA since 2010.
2) Low Carbon Tourism: A DASTA pilot project conducted in the Koh Chang Designated Area and associated areas. The concrete results are Koh Mak, through the implementation of the Low Carbon Destination project. DASTA has expanded its operations to other areas. Since 2013, the Carbon Emissions measurement tool has been applied to international standards and continued the measures to reduce global warming in accordance with Cabinet Resolution 4. These measures are waste water management and water recycling, waste management, water use efficiency and energy efficiency. In order to balance tourism with environmental factors, in 2015, the perception of tourists on low carbon tourism in the community was assessed. Tourism perceptions on low carbon tourism in the communities are promoted to reduce global warming from the tourists, the perception is higher than the target.
Moreover, DASTA also promotes low carbon tourism in exclusive areas, that are an alternative for tourists to enjoy the fun. It uses resources efficiently and reduces carbon emissions such as Project “Aew Mon Jai, Mai Aow Than”, in the Designated Area of Nan old town. The restaurants in the area participate in activities, such as presenting a low carbon menu; a menu of food using local ingredients, encouraging the use of bicycles for travel. Also to save resources in the
accommodation or to develop a group tour, such as "Fun-ergise Low Carbon". And to develop a tour company in Koh Mak. Or as in Koh Chang Designated Area, for the efficient use of resources in cooperation with Tourism Business Association of Trat, by using the design of low carbon tourism activities.
For sustainable tourism development in environmental factors, DASTA has pursued a policy of eco-friendly tourism. It focuses on raising awareness for businesses and communities in the Designated Area. A summary follows:
(1) Encourage the community in the Designated Area to take action to reduce global warming. In the tourism sector, DASTA promotes and supports the tourism sector of the village, subdistrict, and municipality.
Accommodation establishments, transportation and other services related to tourism have participated in activities to reduce global warming to reduce the carbon dioxide emissions from the tourism sector. With 12 communities in 6 Designated Areas, it was found that the communities participating in global warming activities could reduce carbon dioxide emissions from tourism by 435 tons of CO2 equivalent i.e. tons of carbon dioxide equivalent, per annum or the equivalent of replanting sufficient trees to absorb 19,773 carbon dioxide.
(2) Encourage the establishment of accommodation in Designated Areas to participate in more environmentally friendly projects, under the criteria for assessing the potential of eco-friendly accommodation in DASTA's Designated Areas and as a tool for the development of accommodation establishments. To educate about the guideline for implementing measures to reduce global warming to reduce carbon dioxide emissions in the tourism sector, DASTA has set a benchmark for use as a basis for promoting the development of specialty accommodation in the Designated Areas. Subsequently, improved environment performance was found. The establishments in the Designated Area were promoted and passed the criteria for assessing the potential of 35 environmentally friendly accommodation establishments.
In 2015, DASTA expanded its waste management capabilities in the area. The number of tourists increased, especially in Chiang Khan district municipality. In 2012, the number of tourists was 200,000 and in 2014 more resources were used to generate waste from tourism. Most of these were organic waste, such as garbage, which can not be utilized for recycling and can be hazardous waste, or waste
residues. Therefore DASTA has supported the design of a waste management system in the Designated Areas to support waste management equipment and built a learning center for the environmental management of waste to use it as a place to study waste management services for government agencies, students and the general public to understand and recognize the garbage problem. The process of sorting and processing waste into energy, the waste separation and disposal plant of Chiangkhan Municipality can handle up to 50 tonnes of waste per day, which has been in operation since June 2015. It consists of a waste sorting system for the disposal of solid waste. The next step is the production of pylorus oil from the plastic waste fertilizer production system for composting and biogas production, which is an anaerobic digestion process, to convert organic waste into biogas. In addition, DASTA promotes low carbon tourism, a Designated Area which is an alternative for tourists to enjoy, but use resources efficiently. For example, "Do not Burn the Heritage" project in association with Sukhothai Historical Park. In association with Bangkok Airways, hotels, restaurants, and communities in the Sukhothai Historical Park - Si Satchanalai - Kamphaengphet, it is a project to protect the heritage of the world by providing alternative activities for visitors who visit the park. It reduces carbon dioxide emissions during tourism, tourists are persuaded to go out during the day (as there is no power in the room during the day), reducing the energy used to clean. It has a network of government agencies, establishments, hotels, restaurants, tourist activities, and communities participating in such activities.
3) Creative Tourism, is based on the knowledge of DASTA through the implementation of tourism development projects in accordance with the criteria for certification of tourist attractions to create added value from tourism activities, products and services which are based on culture. The lifestyle and the critical base of the community network is to create an experience for tourists. The goal is to raise community income from tourism by at least 10% and the Gross Village Happiness Index (GVH) in the Designated Area to be not less than 60%. To balance the economic factors and social factors, for example, in 2015, DASTA jointly developed creative tourism activities that are one of the key policies for sustainable tourism development and a tool that gives communities the opportunity to take ownership of the area through guided tourism and create your own tourism activities. Owners of the
activities and people in the community are aware of the "value" of their cultural heritage and focus on the value of their visitors, local culture through creative tourism activities. It has set the formula for creative tourism activities in six Designated Areas such as the Muslim way of life (Ban Nam Kiew) Designated Area Koh Chang, fishery lifestyle (Banglamung) Designated Area Pattaya City, Tung Nan City (Wat Phra Kring) Designated Area Nan Old Town and Ancient Beads Muang U Thong, the ancient city of U-Thong. DASTA has assessed the knowledge of cultural tourism, traditions or wisdom of the community, as surveyed from tourists who joined the creative tourism, most of whom are Thai tourists. It was found that there was the greatest understanding at 9.72 of creative figures.
Figure 5.11 Creative activity: Tung at Nan City and Ancient Bead Activity at U- Thong Ancient City
4) The Results of Sustainable Tourism Development are in Line with the Global Sustainable Tourism Criteria of UNWTO.
DASTA developed tourism to comply with the sustainable tourism criteria of the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). The overall performance of DASTA was 94%. By category it was as follows; Category 1:
Sustainable Tourism Management (30/30) Category 2: Utilization of community resources for social and economic benefits, the lowest negative impact (30/26).
Category 3: Most beneficial to the community tourists and cultural heritage and the least impact (10/10 score), and Category 4: making the environment of tourism the most beneficial and having the least negative impact (30/28 points).
5) Sustainable Tourism Development in Economic Factors
DASTA continues to build on the success of community-based tourism.
The goal of the organization is to generate income for the people in the tourist
destination in accordance with the policy of Communities Benefitting through Tourism (CBTT). The community in the Designated Area benefits from tourism and participates in the planning. It is empowered to manage activities that generate income from tourism. This in turn helps to improve the quality of life and well-being of the community and is strengthened on the basis of the community itself. This is a great way to promote the economy as a whole. DASTA has developed these six Designated Areas and pushed forward and expanded to 26 new communities. Overall, the number of communities participating in these activities has increased to 92%, which is higher than the target. DASTA defined the project through creative tourism activities as “Learn Look and Act” which DASTA has participated in and provided opportunities for tourists and the community owners to have a chance to learn, share activities with the community and make a real learning community. This is referred to as “Authenticity” or, tourism development to honor the “Value” of a culture, a community’s way of life that makes the community unique, and which leads to the motivation for tourists to come to experience an authentic community way of life.
These are chosen to be the model activity from six areas such as, Jam Muslim way of life activity in Ban Nam Chaeo DASTA 1, local fisherman way of life activity, Ban banglamung DASTA 3, sculpture and drawing of celadon ware activity DASTA 4, learning to do “Tung Ka King” activity, Prakerd temple DASTA 6 and learning to make ancient bean activity DASTA 7. The researcher visited these activities as in the figures.
Figure 5.12 Local fisherman way of life activity (Ban Banglamung).
Designated area 3, Pattaya City and vicinity, taken on June 8, 2015.
6) Sustainable Tourism Development in Social Factor
(1) The Criteria for Certification of Tourist Sites in Designated Areas is to support the changing trend of tourism in a conscious and environmentally conscious way, in both social and economic areas by developing tourist sites to meet the standards for tourism which are as follows. The Sustainable Community Tourism Group Waste Management and Quality of Life Conservation projects and the promotion of cultural heritage management of natural resources and the environment in a systematic and sustainable manner for service and safety. In the fiscal year 2557, DASTA Community Tourism Accreditation Board revised the criteria for the certification of community attractions to be appropriate and in line with the tourism environment that is focused on environmental awareness, reducing global warming and creating local travel experiences. As a result of community development activities, the working group has evaluated the community according to the revised criteria. The eight original tourist communities passed the DASTA Community Tourist Accreditation standard, scoring over 50% of the overall score. The 8 communities are Tambon Laemchad community and Tambol Nam Chaeo community DASTA Area 1, Ban San Lomjoi community and Tambol Banrai Kongkhing community, Chiangmai, Tambon Takian Tia and the community in Huay Yai district DASTA Area 3, Ban Cookpattana community, Chiangmai DASTA Area 4, Tambol Plabar DASTA Area 5.In addition, the community has developed the potential of the community. As a result, 5 communities outreach reached the required standards through their community standards. These are Tambol Nakorn Chum community and Muang Kao community DASTA Area 4, Kok Sathon community DASTA Area 5, Tambol Bosouk community, Tambol Naiweing and Ban Nhong Tao community in DASTA Area 6. This is due to the continued development of community-based tourism and the achievement of community-based tourism development according to the serious and continuous standards of the management of tourist attractions by the community. As a result, two prototype communities were awarded the Thailand Tourism Industry Award (Kinnaree) in the year 2015. Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT) is the tourism promotion club of Baan Rai Khong Khong, Hang Dong, Chiang Mai Province and the Community Attractions And the Tourism Promotion Club of Baan Nam Chiao, Laem Ngob District, Trat. DASTA has supported and promoted the development of community attractions, for example, in conjunction with the
Community Development Institute (Public Organization) through a public workshop.
With community-based tourism management, the DASTA Community Tourism Club is a lecture for the Eastern Community Council on the concept of community tourism strategies and the role of the various parties in developing and driving community- based tourism. This is to increase the knowledge and promote sustainable tourism to communities.
(2) A Survey of the Gross Village Happiness of the community in a Designated Area. The development of sustainable tourism covers 3 factors:
economic, social and environmental. The goal of this success is to analyze the “Gross Village Happiness” The people in the community are analyzed in Designated Areas such as income, quality of life, society and culture, environment of the tourist attraction. This is a tool that shows the concrete development in sustainable tourism development since 2010. In 2014 DASTA modified its Assessment Standard of Gross Village Happiness (GVH) and selected a community in a Designated Area at DASTA to develop sustainable tourism in a harmonious way to encourage and support the implementation of tourism activities and provide sustainable tourism knowledge to generate income and to create a happy living for the community, The 6 aspects, according to the index of well-being, are, a healthy and strong community economy, warm families, good community management, a good environment and democratic and a well governed community. In 2014, there were 33 target communities, 748 of were from 6 Designated Areas. It was found that every community could pass the threshold of happiness. DASTA represented 100%of the total 33 community developments and 75.47 % of the community's overall well-being. Examples are from DASTA 1 such as the Sakak Kok community with tourist development activity: Loyal Honor DASTA, ball, bio-fertilizer, alternative energy, income promoting activity, following the royal footprint activity, accommodation activity and community income promotion. The results of the community welfare assessment were 60% by Designated Areas, including the Designated Area of Koh Chang and its surrounding areas (71.47%), Chiang Mai area (80.70%), Designated Area of Pattaya and the area, Sukhothai Historical Park, Si Satchanalai,Kamphaengphet (78.33%), Designated Area Lei (75.62%), Designated Area Nan (81.80%) and the Designated Area of U Thong (74.90%).
In addition, in 2015 DASTA concluded a survey of the Gross Village Happiness of people in the Designated Areas. According to the local administration organizations in 11 Designated Areas, the sample of residents in the Designated Area was 4,124 (94%) of the DASTA. Recommendations from DASTA in major tourism development such as the well-being factor, require DASTA to promote agricultural tourism, knowledge of organic vegetables and other economic crops for people in the community to develop, to provide a source of non-toxic food in community attractions. In addition, DASTA has developed a model to analyze the impact of the operational policy of DASTA in the Designated Area to be used as a basis for DASTA's strategy and budgeting and to be in line with the strategic plan for economic and social development. The 12th National Strategic Plan and the 20 year National Strategic Plan will lead to the development of long-term tourism in the first quarter of 2017. An increase by 88% and the average level of wellbeing in the area was 71% above the target set by DASTA (DASTA, 2016b).
(3) Drive the Master Plan into Practice. DASTA has selected impact projects under its master plan in six Designated Areas which were allocated a budget in 2014 according to the impact factor analysis covering 5 issues: Strategy Compliance: GC = Growth & Competitiveness, IG = Inclusive Growth, GG = Green Growth and IP = Internal Process 2) Participation of development partners in the area 3) Awareness of the importance for project operations in a broad view 4) Is there an impact on society, culture, environment, landscape, natural resources and ecosystem?
5) Budget expenditure in a direct project to the economic unit. The conclusion of project implementation under the master plan in the Designated Area was allocated in the 2014 annual budget and took around 12 months. DASTA operated a hundred percent of the projects, including corporate and corporate strategic planning analysis and evaluation of the implementation of all 16 projects with the CIPP Model (Context, Input, Process, and Product) by analyzing the various factors, it was found that all projects could achieve the required levels in outputs. The results of the master plan implementation in the development of Designated Areas have benefited the network as stated by the secretary of the municipality of Banglamung. The benefits are as follows.
We have a lot of benefits, such as knowledge of our travel stimulus. DASTA has made a tour route to build a bicycle lane for tourism in all 10 districts, and has visited the Jeju Island, Korea. The construction is about the future because people like to ride more. What can I say? I have a good feeling as he is a mentor, he pushed the tourism sector in the municipality after DASTA to make a leap forward. Bang Lamung district has a budget of 80-90 million baht per year (subsidies of 80 million baht, about 10 million baht. (The Municipality of Banglamung, personal communication, June 4, 2015)
7) Working with Sustainable Tourism Development Partners Both in Thailand and Abroad focuses on the quality of operations so that they can take advantage of the various frameworks. In practice it also means working together with the current development network and partnerships with the new network. The program is aimed at promoting cooperation among national and international partners, such as the Ecotourism Center, through the creation of awareness and understanding of the integration of that cooperation to provide special spaces and to be the center of ecotourism, ASEAN international standards and an economic network. To help achieve this it has engaged and integrated with network partners such as the Ecotourism Network Chamber of Commerce Association. Or with the tour operator association, local administration and the local media of Loei Province. Together, they plan to create an image and stimulate consciousness in the conservation of natural resources and environment or project conservation, restoration and development of antiquities. For example, the ancient city of U Thong, to develop a Designated Area of the ancient town of U-Thong as an archeological attraction together with the Fine Arts Department the National Museum of Phra Nakhon, the Fine Arts Office 2 Suphanburi and U-Thong National Museum. Together they will prepare a plan for the development and improvement of the U-Thong National Museum and archaeological research in U-Thong. This will include the systematic excavation in the ancient city of U-Thong and the preparation of cultural information and archeology of U-Thong in a geographic information system. It will also explore archaeological sites and antiquities by the use of geological technology. The Surat Thani geological survey and the development of geological tourism will be used for a "Terrain Park" and