π°“√‰¥â√—∫°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ'°®“°°“√∫√'‚¿§Õ“À“√ ¢Õß

°“√ª√–‡¡‘π°“√‰¥â√—∫°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°®“°°“√∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√

¢Õߧπ‰∑¬μ“¡§à“ Ÿß ÿ¥„π¡“μ√∞“π∑—Ë«‰ª ”À√—∫«—μ∂ÿ

‡®◊ÕªπÕ“À“√¢Õß‚§‡¥Á°´å

‡«≥‘°“ ‡∫Á≠®æß…å

*

Õ“≥¥’ π‘μ‘∏√√¡¬ß

*

«’√¬“ °“√æ“π‘™

*

π‘¿“ √ÿàß‚√®πå«»‘π°ÿ≈

*

ªî¬πÿ™ «‘‡»…™“μ‘

*

π√‘»√“ ¡à«ß»√’®—π∑√å

*

®‘√“√—μπå ‡∑»“»‘≈ªá

^†

* ∂“∫—π‚¿™π“°“√ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¡À‘¥≈

† ”π—°ß“π§≥–°√√¡°“√Õ“À“√·≈–¬“

∫∑§—¥¬àÕ °√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°·≈–‡°≈◊Õ‡∫π‚´‡Õ쇪ìπ«—μ∂ÿ‡®◊ÕªπÕ“À“√∑’ËÕπÿ≠“μ„Àâ„™âμ“¡ª√–°“»°√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢©∫—∫∑’Ë Ú¯Ò ª√‘¡“≥∑’ËÕπÿ≠“μ„Àâ„™â°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°·≈–‡°≈◊Õ‡∫π‚´‡Õμμ“¡ª√–°“»©∫—∫π’ȧ«√¡’§«“¡ Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫¡“μ√∞“π “°≈

·≈– “¡“√∂§ÿ⡧√Õß ÿ¢¿“溟â∫√‘‚¿§‰¥â ®÷ßμâÕß∑∫∑«π¢âÕ°”Àπ¥„Àâ Õ¥√—∫°—∫¡“μ√∞“π∑—Ë«‰ª ”À√—∫«—μ∂ÿ‡®◊Õªπ Õ“À“√¢Õß‚§‡¥Á°´å ‚¥¬π”À≈—°ª√–‡¡‘𧫓¡‡ ’ˬߡ“æ‘®“√≥“°”Àπ¥ª√‘¡“≥ Ÿß ÿ¥∑’ËÕπÿ≠“μ„Àâ„™â„πÕ“À“√ ‡æ◊ËÕ √â“ß

§«“¡¡—Ëπ„®„π°“√§ÿ⡧√Õß ÿ¢¿“溟â∫√‘‚¿§„π√–¥—∫∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡ °“√»÷°…“π’È¡’«—μ∂ÿª√– ß§å‡æ◊ËÕª√–‡¡‘𧫓¡‡ ’ˬ߰“√‰¥â

√—∫°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°®“°°“√∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√¢Õߧπ‰∑¬μ“¡ª√‘¡“≥ Ÿß ÿ¥∑’ËÕπÿ≠“μ„Àâ„™â„π¡“μ√∞“πÕ“À“√¢Õß‚§‡¥Á°´å

‚¥¬ª√–¡“≥ª√‘¡“≥°“√‰¥â√—∫ —¡º— ®“°ª√‘¡“≥ Ÿß ÿ¥¢Õß°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°„πÕ“À“√°—∫ª√‘¡“≥°“√∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√√“¬∫ÿ§§≈

∑’ˉ¥â®“°°“√ ”√«®¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√¢Õߪ√–‡∑» ªï ÚıÙ˜ ª√–¡“≥§«“¡πà“®–‡ªìπ¢Õß°“√‰¥â√—∫ —¡º— ∑’Ë√–¥—∫

‡©≈’ˬ·≈–√–¥—∫ Ÿß¢Õß°“√∫√‘‚¿§ · ¥ß≈—°…≥–§«“¡‡ ’ˬ߂¥¬‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°“√‰¥â√—∫ “√°—∫§à“ Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) ¢Õß°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘° ´÷Ë߇ªìπ√–¥—∫ª≈Õ¥¿—¬„π°“√‰¥â√—∫ “√π—Èπ¢Õß¡πÿ…¬åμ≈Õ¥™—Ë«Õ“¬ÿ æ∫«à“°“√‰¥â√—∫°√¥

‡∫π‚´Õ‘°¢Õߪ√–™“°√‰∑¬ ®“°°“√∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√∑—ÈßÀ¡¥∑’Ë√–¥—∫‡©≈’ˬ¡’§à“ Ÿß°«à“ ADI (√âÕ¬≈– ÒÚÙ ¢Õß ADI) „π

°≈ÿà¡Õ“¬ÿ Û-ı.˘ ªï ·≈– ˆ-Ò¯.˘ ªï ¡’§à“√âÕ¬≈– ÚÚÙ ·≈– Òı ¢Õß ADI μ“¡≈”¥—∫ · ¥ß«à“À“°„™â°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°

„π∑ÿ°°≈ÿà¡Õ“À“√ μ“¡¡“μ√∞“π«—μ∂ÿ‡®◊ÕªπÕ“À“√¢Õß‚§‡¥Á°´å ®–∑”„À⇥Á°·≈–«—¬√ÿàπ¡’§«“¡‡ ’ˬ߄π°“√‰¥â√—∫ “√π’È„π

√–¥—∫∑’Ë¡’‚Õ°“ °àÕÕ—πμ√“¬μàÕ ÿ¢¿“æ„π√–¬–¬“« °“√‰¥â√—∫°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°ª√‘¡“≥ ŸßÕ¬à“ßμàÕ‡π◊ËÕ߇ªìπ‡«≈“π“π¡’º≈μàÕ

°“√∑”ß“π¢Õßμ—∫·≈–‰μ °“√∫√‘‚¿§‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡ª√–‡¿∑πÈ”À«“πÕ—¥°ä“´ ∑’Ë√–¥—∫°“√∫√‘‚¿§ Ÿß (‡ªÕ√凴Áπ‰∑≈å∑’Ë ˘˜.ı)

„π°≈ÿࡺŸâ∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√√“¬°“√π’ȇ∑à“π—Èπ®–∑”„Àâª√–™“°√Õ“¬ÿ Û-ı.˘ ªï ·≈– ˆ-Ò¯.˘ ªï‰¥â√—∫°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°√âÕ¬≈– ÒÙÙ

·≈– ˘ˆ ¢Õß ADI μ“¡≈”¥—∫ ¥—ßπ—Èπ§«√ª√—∫≈¥ª√‘¡“≥ Ÿß ÿ¥∑’ˇ πÕ„π¡“μ√∞“ππ’È≈ß „πÀ¡«¥Õ“À“√∑’Ë∑”„À⇥Á°·≈–

«—¬√ÿàπ‰¥â√—∫°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°ª√‘¡“≥ Ÿß ‚¥¬‡©æ“– πÈ”À«“πÕ—¥°ä“´ ¢π¡Õ∫ º—°·≈–º≈‰¡â·ª√√Ÿª

§” ”§—≠: °√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°, °“√ª√–‡¡‘π°“√‰¥â√—∫ —¡º— , ¡“μ√∞“πÕ“À“√‚§‡¥Á°´å

¿Ÿ¡‘À≈—ß·≈–‡Àμÿº≈

√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°·≈–‡°≈◊Õ‡∫π‚´‡Õ쇪ìπ«—μ∂ÿ‡®◊ÕªπÕ“À“√

∑’Ëπ‘¬¡„™â„π°“√º≈‘μÕ“À“√À≈“¬™π‘¥ ‡æ◊ËÕ‡ªìπ«—μ∂ÿ°—π‡ ’¬

‚¥¬§«∫§ÿ¡°“√„™âμ“¡ª√–°“»°√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢©∫—∫∑’Ë Ú¯Ò æ.».ÚıÙ˜ ‡√◊ËÕß «—μ∂ÿ‡®◊ÕªπÕ“À“√^(Ò) ´÷Ëß°”Àπ¥

ª√‘¡“≥ Ÿß ÿ¥ (Maximum Levels - MLs) ∑’ËÕπÿ≠“μ„Àâ„™â

°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°·≈–‡°≈◊Õ‡∫π‚´‡Õμ·μ°μà“ß°—πμ“¡™π‘¥

º≈‘μ¿—≥±å Õ‘ßμ“¡¡“μ√∞“πÕ“À“√¢Õß‚§‡¥Á°´å ©∫—∫ Ò˘Ú ‡√◊ËÕß

¡“μ√∞“π∑—Ë«‰ª ”À√—∫«—μ∂ÿ‡®◊ÕªπÕ“À“√ ∑’Ë¡’°“√∑∫∑«π„πªï æ.».ÚıÙ˜^(Ú) ·¡â°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°·≈–‡°≈◊Õ‡∫π‚´‡Õμ®–¡’§«“¡

‡ªìπæ‘…μàÕ¡πÿ…¬åμË” ·μà°“√‰¥â√—∫Õ¬à“ßμàÕ‡π◊ËÕß„π™’«‘μª√–®”

«—π„πª√‘¡“≥ Ÿß®– àߺ≈‡ ’¬μàÕ ÿ¢¿“溟â∫√‘‚¿§ ¡’º≈∑”„Àâ ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ„π°“√∑”ß“π¢Õßμ—∫·≈–‰μ≈¥≈ß ∑”„À⇰‘¥

Õ“°“√·æâ„πºŸâ∫√‘‚¿§∫“ß°≈ÿà¡ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–∫ÿ§§≈∑’Ë¡’§«“¡‰«

μàÕ°“√‰¥â√—∫ “√π’È·¡â‰¥â√—∫„πª√‘¡“≥μË”°ÁÕ“®· ¥ßÕ“°“√‡®Á∫

ªÉ«¬‰¥â^(Û) ·≈–¡’√“¬ß“π«à“°“√‰¥â√—∫°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°√à«¡°—∫ ’  —߇§√“–Àå∫“ß™π‘¥‡ªì𠓇Àμÿ„À⇥Á°¡’Õ“°“√ ¡“∏‘ —Èπ^(Ù) πÕ°®“°π’È°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘° “¡“√∂∑”ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“°—∫«‘μ“¡‘π´’‡°‘¥

 “√ª√–°Õ∫‡∫π´‘π´÷Ëß∫“ß™π‘¥‡ªìπ “√°àÕ¡–‡√Áß ‚¥¬¡’°“√

æ∫ “√ª√–°Õ∫‡∫π´‘πª√‘¡“≥μË”„π‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡∑’Ë®”Àπà“¬„π  À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“^(ı) ®÷ß®”‡ªìπμâÕߧ«∫§ÿ¡°“√„™â„À⇪ìπ‰ªμ“¡

¡“μ√∞“𧫓¡ª≈Õ¥¿—¬¥â“πÕ“À“√ ªí®®ÿ∫—πÕߧ尓√°“√§â“

‚≈°¬Õ¡√—∫¡“μ√∞“πÕ“À“√¢Õß‚§‡¥Á°´å „π°“√¥”‡π‘π

¡“μ√°“√§«∫§ÿ¡§«“¡ª≈Õ¥¿—¬„πÕ“À“√ ·μàª√–‡∑»μà“ßÊ  “¡“√∂„™â¢âÕ°”À𥇰’ˬ«°—∫Õ“À“√∑’Ë·μ°μà“ß®“°π’È À“°¢âÕ

°”Àπ¥π—È𮔇ªìπμàÕ°“√§ÿ⡧√Õß ÿ¢¿“溟â∫√‘‚¿§„π√–¥—∫∑’Ë

Abstract Dietary exposure assessment of benzoic acid in Thai people estimated from the Codex General Standard for Food Additives

Wenika Benjapong*, Anadi Nitithamyong*, Weeraya Karnpanit*, Nipa Rojroongwasinkul*, Piyanuch Visetchart*, Narissara Moungsrichan*, Jirarat Thasasilp^†

*Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, ^†Food and Drug Administration

The use of benzoic acid and benzoates, food additives, are endorsed by the Notification of the Ministry of Public Health No. 281. The permitted levels of benzoic acid and benzoates established in the Notification should conform to international standards and protect consumer health. It needed to revise the regulation according to the Codex General Standard for Food Additives (GSFA). Risk assessment tools was employed for establishment of the maximum permitted use levels (MLs) to ensure consumers will obtain appropriate level of health protection from over-consumption of benzoic acid. This study aimed to assess the risk of dietary benzoic acid exposure in Thai population based on the MLs proposed in the Codex food standard. The exposure was estimated by combining the MLs of benzoic acid in foods with individual food consumption data received from the national food consumption surveys in 2004.

Probabilistic estimation was used to assess the exposure to benzoic acid at average and high consumption levels. Risk was characterized by comparing the exposure with the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of ben- zoic acid. ADI is a safe level for human exposure to the chemical over a lifetime. The study found that the average benzoic acid exposure in Thai population exceeded the ADI (126% of ADI). The population aged 3-5.9 years and 6-18.9 years had average exposures at 226 and 153% of ADI, respectively. This indicated that there was an appreciable health risk for children and adolescences at long term exposure when using benzoic acid in all food groups according to the GSFA. Long term exposure to high level of benzoic acid can effect on liver and kidney functions. High consumption of carbonated water-based flavored drinks at 97.5th percentile in population aged 3-5.9 years and 6-18.9 years provided high exposure at 144 and 96 % of ADI, respectively. Thus, the MLs of benzoic acid proposed in this standard should be reduced in food categories contributed high benzoic acid exposure in children and adolescences especially carbonated water-based flavored drinks, bakery wares, processed fruits and vegetables.

Keywords: Benzoic acid, Exposure assessment, Codex food standard

°

ÙÒ˜

‡À¡“– ¡ μ“¡¢âÕμ°≈ß«à“¥â«¬°“√„™â¡“μ√°“√ ÿ¢Õπ“¡—¬·≈–

 ÿ¢Õπ“¡—¬æ◊™ ∑—Èßπ’ÈμâÕßÕ¬Ÿà∫πæ◊Èπ∞“π¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑“ß«‘∑¬“»“ μ√å∑’Ë

‡ ™◊Ë Õ ∂◊ Õ ‰ ¥â ∑” „ Àâ À ≈ “ ¬ ª √ – ‡ ∑ » √ « ¡ ∑—È ß ª √ – ‡ ∑ » ‰ ∑ ¬ π”

°√–∫«π°“√ª√–‡¡‘𧫓¡‡ ’Ë¬ß (Risk assessment) „π°“√

‰¥â√—∫ —¡º— «—μ∂ÿ‡®◊ÕªπÕ“À“√^(ˆ) ®“°¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈°“√∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√

¢Õߪ√–™“°√„πª√–‡∑»μπ ¡“„™âª√–°Õ∫°“√æ‘®“√≥“

°”Àπ¥§à“ MLs ¢Õß«—μ∂ÿ‡®◊ÕªπÕ“À“√∑’˪√–°“»„™â„πª√–‡∑»

‡æ◊ËÕªÑÕß°—π°“√„™â«—μ∂ÿ‡®◊ÕªπÕ“À“√„π√–¥—∫∑’ËÕ“®°àÕº≈‡ ’¬

μàÕ ÿ¢¿“溟â∫√‘‚¿§ √«¡∂÷߇ΩÑ“√–«—ߧ«“¡ª≈Õ¥¿—¬¥â“πÕ“À“√

„πª√–‡∑» ·≈– π—∫ πÿπ°“√ àßÕÕ°Õ“À“√„À⇪ìπ‰ªμ“¡

¡“μ√∞“π “°≈ „πæ.».Úıı  ”π—°ß“π§≥–°√√¡°“√

Õ“À“√·≈–¬“ (Õ¬.) √à«¡°—∫ ∂“∫—π‚¿™π“°“√ π”¡“μ√∞“π Õ“À“√¢Õß‚§‡¥Á°´å ©∫—∫ Ò˘Ú ∑’Ë∑∫∑«π„π æ.».Úıı §◊Õ GSFA Rev 8-2007^(˜) ¡“„™âæ‘®“√≥“ª√‘¡“≥ Ÿß ÿ¥∑’˧«√

Õπÿ≠“μ„Àâ„™â°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°·≈–‡°≈◊Õ‡∫π‚´‡Õμ„πÕ“À“√ ‚¥¬

GSFA Rev 8-2007 ¡’°“√°”Àπ¥§à“ MLs ¢Õß°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°

·≈–‡°≈◊Õ‡∫π‚´‡Õμ„π ˆÛ À¡«¥Õ“À“√ ¢≥–∑’Ë„πª√–°“»

°√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ú¯Ò ¡’°“√°”Àπ¥§à“ MLs

¢Õß “√°≈ÿà¡π’Èμ“¡ GSFA Rev 5-2004 ´÷Ëߧ√Õ∫§≈ÿ¡

º≈‘μ¿—≥±åÕ“À“√‡æ’¬ß Ú À¡«¥Õ“À“√ ®÷ß®”‡ªìπμâÕß

∑∫∑«π§à“ MLs ∑’Ë°”Àπ¥¢÷Èπ„À¡àμ“¡¡“μ√∞“πÕ“À“√¢Õß

‚§‡¥Á°´å©∫—∫π’È «à“¡’§«“¡‡À¡“– ¡„π°“√π”¡“§«∫§ÿ¡°“√„™â

°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°·≈–‡°≈◊Õ‡∫π‚´‡Õμ„πº≈‘μ¿—≥±åÕ“À“√∑’Ë

®”Àπà“¬„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬À√◊Õ‰¡à ∫πæ◊Èπ∞“π°“√§ÿ⡧√Õß  ÿ¢¿“溟â∫√‘‚¿§„π√–¥—∫∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°æƒμ‘°√√¡°“√

∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√¢Õߪ√–™“°√„π·μà≈–ª√–‡∑»¡’§«“¡·μ°μà“ß°—π

®÷ßμâÕߧ”π÷ß∂÷ߧ«“¡ª≈Õ¥¿—¬„π°“√‰¥â√—∫°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°®“°

°“√∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√¢Õߧπ‰∑¬ ¥—ßπ—Èπ§«√π”°√–∫«π°“√

ª√–‡¡‘𧫓¡‡ ’ˬߢÕß°“√‰¥â√—∫ “√‡§¡’®“°°“√∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√

¡“ª√–°Õ∫°“√æ‘®“√≥“°”Àπ¥§à“¡“μ√∞“𧫓¡ª≈Õ¥¿—¬

¥â“πÕ“À“√μ“¡∑’Ë‚§‡¥Á°´å‡ πÕ^(¯) °“√»÷°…“π’È¡’«—μ∂ÿª√– ß§å

‡æ◊ËÕª√–‡¡‘𧫓¡‡ ’ˬߢÕß°“√‰¥â√—∫°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°μ“¡§à“ MLs

∑’Ë°”Àπ¥„π¡“μ√∞“π∑—Ë«‰ª ”À√—∫«—μ∂ÿ‡®◊ÕªπÕ“À“√¢Õß‚§‡¥Á°´å

∫π∞“π¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈°“√∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√¢Õߪ√–™“°√‰∑¬ ‡æ◊ËÕ®—¥∑”

¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π–„ÀⷰຟⰔÀπ¥π‚¬∫“¬æ‘®“√≥“°”Àπ¥ª√‘¡“≥

 Ÿß ÿ¥∑’ËÕπÿ≠“μ„Àâ„™â°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°·≈–‡°≈◊Õ‡∫π‚´‡Õμ„π Õ“À“√∑’Ë®”Àπà“¬„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬„Àâ Õ¥√—∫°—∫¡“μ√∞“π “°≈

√–‡∫’¬∫«‘∏’»÷°…“

ª√–‡¡‘𧫓¡‡ ’ˬ߮“°°“√‰¥â√—∫ —¡º— °√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°®“°

ª√‘¡“≥ Ÿß ÿ¥ (MLs) ∑’Ë°”Àπ¥„πª√–°“»°√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢

©∫—∫∑’Ë Ú¯Ò ·≈–¡“μ√∞“π∑—Ë«‰ª ”À√—∫«—μ∂ÿ‡®◊ÕªπÕ“À“√

¢Õß‚§‡¥Á°´å (GSFA Rev 8-2007) „πÀ¡«¥Õ“À“√´÷Ëß°”Àπ¥

§à“ MLs ‚¥¬·∫à߇ªìπ 2 ¢—ÈπμÕπ ¢—ÈπμÕπ·√°§◊Õ°“√ª√–‡¡‘π

°“√‰¥â√—∫ —¡º— °√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°®“°°“√∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√¢Õß ª√–™“°√‰∑¬ „π°≈ÿà¡Õ“À“√∑’Ë¡’°“√°”Àπ¥ª√‘¡“≥ Ÿß ÿ¥¢Õß

°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°‰«â„π¡“μ√∞“π ”À√—∫«—μ∂ÿ‡®◊ÕªπÕ“À“√ ®“°

π—Èπª√–‡¡‘π√–¥—∫§«“¡‡ ’Ë¬ß ‚¥¬‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫ª√‘¡“≥°“√‰¥â

√—∫°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°°—∫√–¥—∫°“√‰¥â√—∫ “√∑’Ë¡’§«“¡ª≈Õ¥¿—¬μàÕ  ÿ¢¿“æ¢Õß¡πÿ…¬å ∑’ˉ¥â®“°°“√»÷°…“∑“ßæ‘…«‘∑¬“ ‡æ◊ËÕ· ¥ß

≈—°…≥–§«“¡‡ ’Ë¬ß ´÷Ëß¡’√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥¥—ßπ’È

Ò. ª√–‡¡‘π°“√‰¥â√—∫ —¡º— °√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘° ®“°ª√‘¡“≥

 Ÿß ÿ¥ (MLs) ∑’ËÕπÿ≠“μ„Àâ„™â„πÕ“À“√·μà≈–√“¬°“√·≈–

¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈°“√∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√√“¬°“√π—Èπ¢Õߪ√–™“°√‰∑¬√“¬∫ÿ§§≈

∑’ˉ¥â®“°°“√ ”√«®¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈°“√∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√√–¥—∫ª√–‡∑»

„πæ.».ÚıÙ˜ ‚¥¬„™â·∫∫ Õ∫∂“¡§«“¡∂’Ë„π°“√∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√

§”π«≥ª√‘¡“≥°“√‰¥â√—∫ —¡º— μ“¡√Ÿª·∫∫°“√ª√–‡¡‘π°“√

‰¥â√—∫ —¡º— «—μ∂ÿ‡®◊ÕªπÕ“À“√∑’ˇ πÕ‚¥¬ FAO/WHO^(˘)¥—ßπ’È Total Dietary Exposure =

Σ (Concentration of Chemical in Food _× Food Consumption) Body Weight (kg)

Total Dietary Exposure = ª√‘¡“≥°“√‰¥â√—∫ —¡º— °√¥

‡∫π‚´Õ‘°®“°°“√∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√∑—ÈßÀ¡¥„π Ò «—π (¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡μàÕ

°‘‚≈°√—¡πÈ”Àπ—°μ—«μàÕ«—π)

Concentration of Chemical in Food = ª√‘¡“≥ Ÿß ÿ¥

(MLs) ¢Õß°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°∑’Ë°”Àπ¥„πÕ“À“√√“¬°“√π—Èπ (¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡μàÕ°‘‚≈°√—¡Õ“À“√)

Food Consumption = ª√‘¡“≥°“√∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√ „π

√“¬°“√∑’Ë°”Àπ¥ª√‘¡“≥ Ÿß ÿ¥¢Õß°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘° (°‘‚≈°√—¡

Õ“À“√μàÕ§πμàÕ«—π)

Body Weight = πÈ”Àπ—°μ—«¢ÕߺŸâ∫√‘‚¿§ (°‘‚≈°√—¡) ª√–¡“≥°“√‰¥â√—∫ —¡º— ‚¥¬·®°·®ß§«“¡πà“®–‡ªìπ„π

√Ÿª·∫∫ Simple empirical distribution estimate „™â

‚ª√·°√¡§Õ¡æ‘«‡μÕ√å ”‡√Á®√Ÿª @RISK^® Professional v.4.5 (Palisade Corporation) ‡æ◊ËÕª√–¡«≈¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈°“√∫√‘‚¿§

Õ“À“√√“¬∫ÿ§§≈∑’Ë√–¥—∫§«“¡πà“®–‡ªìπμà“ßÊ μ“¡À≈—°°“√

Monte Carlo Simulations

Ú. · ¥ß≈—°…≥–§«“¡‡ ’ˬ߄π°“√‰¥â√—∫ —¡º— °√¥‡∫π

‚´Õ‘° ‚¥¬‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫ª√‘¡“≥°“√‰¥â√—∫ —¡º—  “√°—∫§à“

Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) ´÷Ë߇ªìπª√‘¡“≥∑’Ë¡πÿ…¬å‰¥â

√—∫ “√π—ÈπμàÕ«—π‚¥¬‰¡à°àÕ„À⇰‘¥º≈Õ—π‰¡àæ÷ߪ√– ß§åμ≈Õ¥

™—Ë«Õ“¬ÿ¢—¬ §≥–ºŸâ‡™’ˬ«™“≠¥â“π«—μ∂ÿ‡®◊ÕªπÕ“À“√¢Õß‚§‡¥Á°´å (Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives - JECFA)

°”Àπ¥ ADI ¢Õß°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘° ∑’Ë -ı ¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡μàÕ°‘‚≈°√—¡

πÈ”Àπ—°μ—«μàÕ«—π^(Ò) §”π«≥§«“¡‡ ’ˬ߰“√‰¥â√—∫ —¡º— °√¥

‡∫π‚´Õ‘°‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈–¢Õß ADI μ“¡ ¡°“√¥—ßπ’È Risk (% of ADI) =

Total Dietary Exposure (mg / kg bw/ day) x Ò

ADI (mg/ kg bw /day)

π”ª√‘¡“≥°“√‰¥â√—∫°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘° ¡“§”π«≥‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈–

¢Õߧà“∑’Ë∫àß∫Õ°∂÷ß√–¥—∫°“√‰¥â√—∫ —¡º—  “√∑’ˬա√—∫«à“

ª≈Õ¥¿—¬ §◊Õ §à“ ADI ·≈–„™âÀ≈—°‡°≥±åæ‘®“√≥“§«“¡‡ ’ˬß

¥—ßπ’È

°√≥’∑’Ë Ò - ª√‘¡“≥°“√‰¥â√—∫ —¡º— ∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ (Total exposure) ¡’§à“ Ÿß‡°‘π√âÕ¬≈– Ò ¢Õß ADI

→ §«“¡‡ ’ˬß∑’ˬա√—∫‰¡à‰¥â - §«“¡‡ ’ˬß∑’˧“¥§–‡π«à“

¡’‚Õ°“ °àÕº≈‡ ’¬μàÕ ÿ¢¿“溟â∫√‘‚¿§

°√≥’∑’Ë Ú - ª√‘¡“≥°“√‰¥â√—∫ —¡º— ∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ (Total exposure) √–À«à“ß√âÕ¬≈– ˜-Ò ¢Õß ADI

→ §«“¡‡ ’ˬß∑’ˬա√—∫‰¥â√–¥—∫Àπ÷Ëß - §«“¡‡ ’ˬß∑’˧“¥

§–‡π«à“‰¡àπà“°àÕº≈‡ ’¬μàÕ ÿ¢¿“溟â∫√‘‚¿§ ∑’Ë√–¥—∫‡©≈’ˬ¢Õß

°“√∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ ·μà¡’‚Õ°“  Ÿß∑’Ë®–°àÕº≈‡ ’¬μàÕ

 ÿ¢¿“溟â∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√°≈ÿࡇ ’ˬß∑’Ë√–¥—∫ Ÿß„π°“√∫√‘‚¿§

Õ“À“√π—Èπ

°√≥’∑’Ë Û - ª√‘¡“≥°“√‰¥â√—∫ —¡º— ∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ (Total exposure) ¡’§à“‰¡à‡°‘π√âÕ¬≈– ˜ ¢Õß ADI

→ §«“¡‡ ’ˬß∑’ˬա√—∫‰¥â√–¥—∫¥’ - §«“¡‡ ’ˬß∑’˧“¥

§–‡π«à“‰¡àπà“°àÕº≈‡ ’¬μàÕ ÿ¢¿“溟â∫√‘‚¿§ ∑’Ë√–¥—∫‡©≈’ˬ¢Õß

°“√∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ ·≈–¡’‚Õ°“ πâÕ¬∑’Ë®–°àÕº≈‡ ’¬μàÕ  ÿ¢¿“溟â∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√°≈ÿࡇ ’ˬß∑’Ë√–¥—∫ Ÿß„π°“√∫√‘‚¿§

Õ“À“√π—Èπ

º≈°“√»÷°…“

°“√ª√–‡¡‘π°“√‰¥â√—∫ —¡º— °√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°®“°¡“μ√∞“π Õ“À“√¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬

°“√‰¥â√—∫ —¡º— °√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°®“°°“√∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√¢Õß ª√–™“°√‰∑¬ ‡¡◊ËÕª√–‡¡‘π®“°¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈°“√∫√‘‚¿§∑’Ë√–¥—∫‡©≈’ˬ

„π°≈ÿࡪ√–™“°√∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ (Per Capita) μ“¡§à“ MLs ∑’Ë

°”Àπ¥„πª√–°“»°√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ú¯Ò ‰¥âº≈

¥—ß· ¥ß„πμ“√“ß∑’Ë Ò æ∫«à“°“√‰¥â√—∫°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°®“°°“√

∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√„πª√–™“°√∑—Ë«‰ª∑’Ë¡’Õ“¬ÿ Û ªï¢÷Èπ‰ª ¡’§à“√âÕ¬≈–

ÛÒ ¢Õß ADI ·≈–‡¡◊ËÕ®”·π°μ“¡°≈ÿà¡Õ“¬ÿ æ∫«à“°“√‰¥â√—∫

°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°„πª√–™“°√∑ÿ°°≈ÿà¡Õ“¬ÿ¡’§à“μË”°«à“ ADI ‚¥¬

°“√∫√‘‚¿§πÈ”À«“πÕ—¥°ä“´®–∑”„À⇥Á° «—¬√ÿàπ·≈–ºŸâ„À≠à‰¥â√—∫

°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°„πª√‘¡“≥ Ÿß°«à“º≈‘μ¿—≥±åÕ“À“√°≈ÿà¡Õ◊Ëπ

°“√ª√–‡¡‘π°“√‰¥â√—∫ —¡º— °√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°®“°¡“μ√ ∞“π Õ“À“√¢Õß‚§‡¥Á°´å

°“√ª√–‡¡‘π°“√‰¥â√—∫ —¡º— °√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°∑’Ë√–¥—∫‡©≈’ˬ

¢Õß°“√∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√„πª√–™“°√‰∑¬ (Per Capita) μ“¡§à“

MLs ∑’Ë°”Àπ¥„π GSFA Rev 8-2007 ‰¥âº≈¥—ß· ¥ß„πμ“√“ß∑’Ë Ú æ∫«à“ °“√‰¥â√—∫°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°®“°°“√∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√‡¡◊ËÕ ª√–‡¡‘π®“° MLs μ“¡¡“μ√∞“πÕ“À“√¢Õß Codex „π ª√–™“°√‰∑¬Õ“¬ÿ Û ªï¢÷Èπ‰ª¡’§à“√âÕ¬≈– ÒÚÙ ¢Õß ADI

‚¥¬°≈ÿà¡Õ“¬ÿ Û-ı.˘ ªï ·≈– ˆ-Ò¯.˘ ªï ‰¥â√—∫°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°

ÙÒ˘

μ“√“ß∑’Ë Ò§«“¡‡ ’ˬ߄π°“√‰¥â√—∫ —¡º— °√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°∑’Ë√–¥—∫‡©≈’ˬ¢Õß°“√∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√„π°≈ÿࡪ√–™“°√∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ (Per Capita) ‡¡◊ËÕª√–‡¡‘π®“°ª√‘¡“≥ Ÿß ÿ¥ (MLs) ∑’ËÕπÿ≠“μ„Àâ„™â°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘° μ“¡∑’Ë°”Àπ¥ „πª√–°“»°√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢©∫—∫∑’Ë Ú¯Ò ‡√◊ËÕß«—μ∂ÿ‡®◊ÕªπÕ“À“√ ª√‘¡“≥°“√‰¥â√—∫ —¡º— °√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘° (√âÕ¬≈–¢Õß ADI) À¡«¥Õ“À“√‚§‡¥Á°´å√“¬°“√Õ“À“√∑’Ë√–∫ÿ„πª√–°“»œ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ú¯ÒMLs (mg/kg) Û-ı.˘ ªïˆ-Ò¯.˘ ªïÒ˘-ˆÙ.˘ ªï>ˆı ªï>Û ªï Ò.˜/ Ú.Ù¢π¡À«“π∑’Ë∑”®“°π¡/ ¢π¡À«“π∑’Ë∑”®“°‰¢¡—πÕ◊Ëπ∑’Ë¡‘„™à‰¢¡—ππ¡ ‡™àπ ‰Õ»°√’¡¥—¥·ª≈ßÛÚ.ı˜Ú.Ú˘.ˆÚ.¯Ú. Ú.Ú/Ú.Û/Ú.Ù‡π¬‡∑’¬¡/ º≈‘μ¿—≥±åÕ‘¡—≈™—π∑’Ë¡’πÈ”¡—πμË”°«à“√âÕ¬≈– ¯/ º≈‘μ¿—≥±åÕ‘¡—≈™—πÕ◊ËπÒ.Ú.Ú.Ù.Ú.Ú Ù.Ò.Ú.Û/ Ù.Ò.Ú.˜/º≈‰¡â„ππÈ” â¡ “¬™Ÿ πÈ”¡—π À√◊ÕπÈ”‡°≈◊Õ/ º≈‰¡â°«π/ Ù.Ò.Ú.Ò/ Ù.Ò.Ú.ÒÒº≈‰¡â¥Õß/ º≈‘μ¿—≥±åº≈‰¡â∑’Ë„™â∑”‰ â¢π¡ÒÛ.Ò˜Û.ÚÒÒ.¯˘Ò.ÚÙÚ.ÙÙ Ù.Ò.Ú.ı/Ù.Ò.Ú.ˆ·¬¡ ‡¬≈≈’Ë ·≈–¡“√å¡“‡≈¥ ·≈–º≈‘μ¿—≥±åªÑ“¬¢π¡Õ◊Ëπ∑’Ë∑”®“°º≈‰¡âÒ.Ùı.Û.Ò¯.ÒÛ.Úı Ù.Ò.Ú.¯º≈‘μ¿—≥±åº≈‰¡â∫¥ º≈‘μ¿—≥±åº≈‰¡â∑’Ë„™â√“¥Àπâ“ ·≈–√«¡∑—Èß°–∑‘ÒÒ.¯ÒÒ.Ù˜Ò.Ò.˜ıÒ.Ò˘ Ù.Ò.Ú.˘¢π¡À«“π∑’Ë∑”®“°º≈‰¡â ·≈–√«¡∑—Èߢπ¡À«“π™π‘¥πÈ”∑’Ë¡’º≈‰¡â‡ªìπ à«πª√–°Õ∫ÒÒÒ.Ûˆı.ÚÒ.¯.ÙıÙ.Û Ù.Ò.Ú.ÒÚº≈‰¡âª√ÿß ÿ°À√◊Õº≈‰¡â∑Õ¥ÒÙ.ÙÒÙ.ıÚÛ.ÒÚÚ.ÚÛÛ.˜˘ Ù.Ú.Ú.Ûº≈‘μ¿—≥±åº—°À√◊Õ “À√à“¬„ππÈ” â¡ “¬™Ÿ πÈ”‡°≈◊Õ À√◊Õ´’Õ‘È«Ú.ıÚ.ÛÚ.ÒÚ.ÚÙÒ.Ù¯ Ù.Ú.Ú.ıº≈‘μ¿—≥±åªÑ“¬¢π¡∑’Ë∑”®“°º—° À√◊Õ∂—Ë« À√◊Õ‡¡≈Á¥æ◊™Õ◊ËπÊ ‡™àπ ‡π¬∂—Ë«Ò--- Ù.Ú.Ú.ˆº≈‘μ¿—≥±å∑’ˉ¥â®“°º—°∫¥ ∂—Ë«∫¥ À√◊Õ‡¡≈Á¥æ◊™∫¥ ‡™àπ ´Õ º—° º—°°«πÀ√◊Õ·™àÕ‘Ë¡ ‡ªìπμâπÛÒ.˘.˘Ò.Ù˘.ıÙ.˜Û Ù.Ú.Ú.˜º—°¥ÕßÒÚ.ˆÙÒ.˘ÚÒ.ÚˆÒ.ÙÒ.˜Ú Ù.Ú.Ú.¯º—°À√◊Õ “À√à“¬ª√ÿß ÿ° ·≈–º—°À√◊Õ “À√à“¬∑Õ¥ÒÛ.ı¯Ú.¯Ò.ıÒ.Ú¯Ò.˘¯ ÒÚ.ı´ÿª·≈–´ÿª„ ı--- ÒÙ.Ò.Ú/ ÒÙ.Ò.Û‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡ - πÈ”º≈‰¡â πÈ”º—°ÚÚ.˘ÙÒ.˜Ò.˜Ò.Û˘Ò.Ù ÒÙ.Ò.Ù.Ò‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡ - πÈ”À«“πÕ—¥°ä“´ÚÒÒ.ˆÒ.ˆÛÛ.ˆı.¯¯ˆ.˘Ò ÒÙ.Ò.Ù.Ú‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡ - πÈ”À«“π∑’ˉ¡àÕ—¥°ä“´ √«¡∂÷ßπÈ”À«“π√ º≈‰¡â À√◊ÕπÈ”À«“π·μàß°≈‘Ëπ√ μà“ßÊÚÚ.ÙıÒ.ˆÙÒ.Û¯.ˆıÒ.ˆÒ ÒÙ.Ò.ı‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡ - ª√–‡¿∑ ™“ °“·ø ‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡ ¡ÿπ‰æ√ ‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡®“°∏—≠™“μ‘Ú.ÛÒ.ˆ˘Ú.ˆ¯.˜ÚÒ.Ù √«¡ª√‘¡“≥°“√‰¥â√—∫ —¡º— °√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°®“°°“√∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√∑ÿ°√“¬°“√∑’Ë°”Àπ¥§à“ MLsÙ¯.˘ÚÛˆ.˘ÒÒ˘.˜ÛÒ.ˆÙÛÒ.ÚÚ

μ“√“ß∑’ËÚ§«“¡‡ ’ˬ߄π°“√‰¥â√—∫ —¡º— °√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°∑’Ë√–¥—∫‡©≈’ˬ¢Õß°“√∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√„π°≈ÿࡪ√–™“°√∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ (Per Capita) ‡¡◊ËÕª√–‡¡‘π®“°ª√‘¡“≥ Ÿß ÿ¥ (MLs) ∑’ËÕπÿ≠“μ„Àâ„™â°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘° μ“¡∑’Ë°”Àπ¥ „π¡“μ√∞“π∑—Ë«‰ª ”À√—∫«—μ∂ÿ‡®◊ÕªπÕ“À“√¢Õß‚§‡¥Á°´å (GSFA Rev 8-2007) ª√‘¡“≥°“√‰¥â√—∫ —¡º— °√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘° (√âÕ¬≈–¢Õß ADI) À¡«¥Õ“À“√‚§‡¥Á°´å√“¬°“√Õ“À“√∑’ˇ πÕ§à“ MLs „π GSFA Rev ¯-Ú˜MLs* (mg/kg) Û-ı.˘ ªïˆ-Ò¯.˘ ªïÒ˘-ˆÙ.˘ ªï>ˆı ªï>Û ªï Ò.˜¢π¡À«“π∑’Ë∑”®“°π¡Û¯.ı˜ı.ıÒÒ.ıÙ.ıÒÙ.Û˜ Ú.Ú.Ò.Ú/Ú.Ú.Ú/Ú.Û/Ú.Ù‡π¬‡∑’¬¡/º≈‘μ¿—≥±åÕ‘¡—≈™—π/¢π¡À«“π∑’Ë∑”®“°‰¢¡—πÕ◊Ëπ∑’Ë¡‘„™à‰¢¡—ππ¡Ò.Ú.Ú.Ù.Ú.Ú Ù.Ò.Ú(/Ù.Ú.Ú*º≈‰¡â∑’Ë·ª√√Ÿª/º—°œ∑’Ë·ª√√Ÿª¯-Û†Úˆ.ÒıÒ¯.ıÚÒ.Ò¯˘.¯˘Òˆ.¯ ı.Ò.Û/ı.Ò.ı/ı.Ú/ı.Û/ı.Ùº≈‘μ¿—≥±åœ®“°‚°‚°â/¢π¡À«“π‡≈’¬π·∫∫™ÁÕ°‚°·≈μ/≈Ÿ°Õ¡œ/À¡“°Ω√—ËßÒı¯.Ò˜Ù.ÒÚ.ˆˆ.ÒÙÛ.ÒÛ ˆ.Ù.Û/ˆ.ıæ“ μ“·≈–Õ“À“√‡ âπ°÷Ëß ”‡√Á®√Ÿªœ/¢π¡À«“π∑’Ë∑”®“°∏—≠™“μ‘·≈–·ªÑßÒÚÚ.ÛÒÒˆ.Úˆ¯.Úıı.ˆÚÒÛ.Ò ˜.º≈‘μ¿—≥±å¢π¡Õ∫ÒÛ.ıÒ˜.ˆıˆ.ÛıÛ.˘¯ÒÙ.¯ ¯.Ú.Ò.Ú/¯.Û.Ò.Úº≈‘μ¿—≥±å‡π◊ÈÕ —μ«å  —μ«åªï° ‡π◊ÈÕ —μ«å∑’Ë∂Ÿ°≈à“ À¡—° ∑”·Àâ߉¡àºà“𧫓¡√âÕπÒÛ.ˆÛÚ.ÚˆÒ.Ò.¯ÛÒ.˘˜ ˘.Ú.Ù.Ú/˘.Ú.ı/˘.Ûº≈‘μ¿—≥±å —μ«åπÈ”ª√ÿß ÿ° √¡§«—π ∑”·Àâß À¡—° ∑”‡§Á¡ °÷Ëß∂πÕ¡Õ“À“√Ú-Ú†Ú.Ù˘Ò.¯˘Ò.ÒˆÒ.ÒÒ.ˆÙ Ò.Ú.Ò/Ò.Ùº≈‘μ¿—≥±å‰¢à‡À≈«/º≈‘μ¿—≥±å¢π¡À«“π∑’Ë∑”®“°‰¢àÒ-ı†Ò.ıı.Ú˘.ıÙ.Ù˘.¯¯ ÒÒ.Ù/ÒÒ.ˆπÈ”‡™◊ËÕ¡ πÈ”μ“≈∑’Ë„™â·μàßÀπâ“¢π¡/«—μ∂ÿ∑’Ë„™â„À⧫“¡À«“π·∑ππÈ”μ“≈Ò-Ú†.Ú˜.Ò˜.ÒÚ.Ò.Ò˜ ÒÚ.Ú.Ú/ÒÚ.Û-ÒÚ.˜‡§√◊ËÕߪ√ÿß√ /πÈ” â¡ “¬™Ÿ/¡— μ“√å¥/´ÿª-´ÿª„ /´Õ / ≈—¥/º≈‘μ¿—≥±åªÑ“¬¢π¡ı-Òı†ÒÛ.˘˜˜.˘˜ˆ.ÛÛÙ.˜Ú¯.ÒÛ ÒÛ.Û/ÒÛ.Ù/ÒÛ.ı/ÒÛ.ˆÕ“À“√∑’Ë¡’®ÿ¥ª√– ß§å∑“ß‚¿™π“°“√‡ªìπ摇»…Òı-Ú†.ÙÚ.ÛÚ.Ù¯.ˆ˜.ÙÚ ÒÙ.Ò.Ú*/ÒÙ.Ò.Û*/‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡®“°º≈‰¡â/‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡®“°º—° /‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡ª√–‡¿∑πÈ”À«“𠇧√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡∑’Ë¡’°“‡øÕ’π ÒÙ.Ò.Ù/ÒÙ.Ò.ı‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡‡°≈◊Õ·√à/™“ °“·ø ‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡®“° ¡ÿπ‰æ√ ‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡®“°∏—≠™“μ‘ˆ-Ò†ı˘.ˆˆı.ÙÚÛÚ.ÛÚÒ.ı¯Ù.ı˘ Òı.Ò¢π¡¢∫‡§’Ȭ«∑’Ë∑”®“°¡—πΩ√—Ëß ∏—≠™“μ‘ ·ªÑßÒÚÙ.˘ÒÒÒ.ˆıÒ.˜Û.Û˜¯.˜¯ Òˆ.Õ“À“√æ√âÕ¡∫√‘‚¿§∑’ˉ¡à “¡“√∂®—¥‡¢â“À¡«¥Õ◊Ëπʉ¥âÒÚÙ.ÛÒı.ıÒˆ.Úˆı.ˆÙÒÚ.Û √«¡ª√‘¡“≥°“√‰¥â√—∫ —¡º— °√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°®“°°“√∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√∑ÿ°√“¬°“√∑’Ë°”Àπ¥§à“ MLsÚÚˆ.ÚÒıÚ.ıˆ˜ˆ.ˆÙÙ.ı˜ÒÚˆ.ÒÒ *ª√‘¡“≥ Ÿß ÿ¥∑’ËÕπÿ≠“μ„Àâ„™â„π·μà≈–À¡«¥Õ“À“√ª√–°“»„™â„πÀ¡«¥¬àÕ¬∫“ß√“¬°“√‡∑à“π—Èπ √“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥¢ÕßÀ¡«¥¬àÕ¬¥Ÿ„π GSFA Rev 8-2007 †√“¬°“√Õ“À“√„πÀ¡«¥π’È¡’°“√°”Àπ¥§à“ MLs ·μ°μà“ß°—π‰ª„π·μà≈–À¡«¥¬àÕ¬ √“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥¢ÕßÀ¡«¥¬àÕ¬¥Ÿ„π GSFA Rev 8-2007

ÙÚÒ

μ“√“ß∑’Ë Û √“¬°“√Õ“À“√∑’˧«√ª√—∫≈¥§à“ MLs ¢Õß°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘° „π·μà≈–À¡«¥Õ“À“√

√“¬°“√Õ“À“√ MLs (mg/kg)

À¡«¥Õ“À“√ À¡“¬‡Àμÿ

(¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈°“√∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√¢Õߪ√–™“°√‰∑¬) ‚§‡¥Á°´å ∑’ˇ πÕ

Ù.Ò.Ú.Ú º≈‰¡â·Àâß ¯ Ù ª√—∫μ“¡§«“¡®”‡ªìπ„π°“√º≈‘μ*

Ù.Ò.Ú.˜ º≈‰¡â°«π·≈–·™àÕ‘Ë¡ Ò ı ª√—∫μ“¡§«“¡®”‡ªìπ„π°“√º≈‘μ*

Ù.Ò.Ú.¯ º≈‘μ¿—≥±åº≈‰¡â∫¥·≈–√«¡∑—Èß°–∑‘ Ò ı ª√—∫μ“¡§«“¡®”‡ªìπ„π°“√º≈‘μ*

Ù.Ò.Ú.˘ ¢π¡À«“π∑’Ë∑”®“°º≈‰¡â Ò Úı ª√—∫μ“¡§«“¡®”‡ªìπ„π°“√º≈‘μ*

Ù.Ò.Ú.Ò º≈‰¡â¥Õß Ò ı ª√—∫μ“¡§«“¡®”‡ªìπ„π°“√º≈‘μ*

Ù.Ò.Ú.ÒÚ º≈‰¡âª√ÿß ÿ°À√◊Õº≈‰¡â∑Õ¥ Ò ‰¡à„Àℙ⠉¡à¡’§«“¡®”‡ªìπ∑“ß°“√º≈‘μ

Ù.Ú.Ú.Ú º—°  “À√à“¬ ∂—Ë« ·≈–‡¡≈Á¥æ◊™Õ◊ËπÊ ™π‘¥·Àâß Ò ı ª√—∫μ“¡§«“¡®”‡ªìπ„π°“√º≈‘μ*

Ù.Ú.Ú.Û º—° (√«¡∑—È߇ÀÁ¥·≈–√“ √“°·≈–À—« ‡¡≈Á¥∂—Ë«·≈–æ◊™ Ú Ò ª√—∫μ“¡§«“¡®”‡ªìπ„π°“√º≈‘μ*

μ√–°Ÿ≈∂—Ë«™π‘¥¡’Ωí° ·≈–«à“πÀ“ß®√–‡¢â)  “À√à“¬∑–‡≈ ª√—∫μ“¡¡“μ√∞“πÕÕ ‡μ√‡≈’¬-

·≈–º≈‰¡â‡ª≈◊Õ°·¢Á߇¡≈Á¥„ππÈ” â¡ “¬™Ÿ πÈ”¡—π π‘«´’·≈π¥å °”Àπ¥ Ò mg/kg πÈ”‡°≈◊Õ À√◊Õ´’Õ‘È«

Ù.Ú.Ú.ˆ º≈‘μ¿—≥±å∑’ˉ¥â®“°º—°∫¥ ∂—Ë«∫¥ À√◊Õ‡¡≈Á¥æ◊™∫¥ ‡™àπ Û Ò ª√—∫μ“¡§«“¡®”‡ªìπ„π°“√º≈‘μ*

´Õ º—° º—°°«πÀ√◊Õ·™àÕ‘Ë¡

Ù.Ú.Ú.¯ º—°·≈– “À√à“¬ª√ÿß ÿ°À√◊Õ∑Õ¥ Ò ‰¡à„Àℙ⠉¡à¡’§«“¡®”‡ªìπ∑“ß°“√º≈‘μ

ı.Ú ¢π¡À«“πª√–‡¿∑≈Ÿ°°«“¥ ≈Ÿ°Õ¡ ∑’ˉ¡à„™àº≈‘μ¿—≥±å Òı Ò ª√—∫μ“¡§«“¡®”‡ªìπ„π°“√º≈‘μ*

‚°‚°â ™ÁÕ°‚°·≈μ À¡“°Ω√—Ëß ·≈–º≈‘μ¿—≥±å∑’Ë„™â μ°·μàßÀ√◊Õ√“¥Àπâ“¢π¡

ˆ.Ù.Û º≈‘μ¿—≥±åª√–‡¿∑æ“ μâ“ ∫–À¡’Ë °ã«¬‡μ’ά« ‡ âπÀ¡’Ë Ò Úı ª√—∫μ“¡§«“¡®”‡ªìπ„π°“√º≈‘μ*

º≈‘μ¿—≥±å∑”πÕßπ’È·∫∫°÷Ëß ”‡√Á®√Ÿª

ˆ.ı ¢π¡À«“π∑’Ë∑”®“°∏—≠æ◊™·≈–·ªÑß Ò ı ª√—∫≈¥§√÷ËßÀπ÷ËߢÕß Codex

˜. º≈‘μ¿—≥±å¢π¡Õ∫ Ò æ‘®“√≥“·μà≈–À¡«¥¬àÕ¬

˜.Ò.Ò.Ò ¢π¡ªíß∑’Ë„™â¬’ μå„π°“√º≈‘μ Ò ‰¡à„Àℙ⠉¡à¡’§«“¡®”‡ªìπ∑“ß°“√º≈‘μ

˜.Ò.Ò.Ú ¢π¡ªíß∑’Ë„™âºßøŸ„π°“√º≈‘μ Ò ‰¡à„Àℙ⠉¡à¡’§«“¡®”‡ªìπ∑“ß°“√º≈‘μ

˜.Ò.Ú ¢π¡ªíß°√Õ∫·∫∫·§√°‡°Õ√å Ò ‰¡à„Àℙ⠉¡à¡’§«“¡®”‡ªìπ∑“ß°“√º≈‘μ

¬°‡«âπ ·§√°‡°Õ√å™π‘¥À«“π

˜.Ò.Û º≈‘μ¿—≥±å¢π¡Õ∫∑—Ë«‰ª™π‘¥Õ◊Ëπ Ò ‰¡à„Àℙ⠉¡à¡’§«“¡®”‡ªìπ∑“ß°“√º≈‘μ

˜.Ò.Ù º≈‘μ¿—≥±å„π°≈ÿà¡¢π¡ªíßÕ◊ËπÊ √«¡∑—Èß ¢π¡ªíß∑’Ë„™â Ò ‰¡à„Àℙ⠉¡à¡’§«“¡®”‡ªìπ∑“ß°“√º≈‘μ  Õ¥‰ â ·≈–¢π¡ªíߪÉπ

˜.Ò.ı ¢π¡ªíßπ÷Ëß ·≈–¢π¡ªíß°âÕπ Ò Ú ª√—∫μ“¡§«“¡®”‡ªìπ„π°“√º≈‘μ*

˜.Ò.ˆ º≈‘μ¿—≥±å ”‡√Á®√Ÿª„™â∑”¢π¡ªíß·≈–¢π¡Õ∫ Ò ‰¡à„Àℙ⠉¡à¡’§«“¡®”‡ªìπ∑“ß°“√º≈‘μ

˜.Ú.Ò ¢π¡‡§â° §ÿ°°’È ·≈–¢π¡æ“¬ Ò Ú ª√—∫μ“¡§«“¡®”‡ªìπ„π°“√º≈‘μ*

˜.Ú.Ú ¢π¡Õ∫Õ◊ËπÊ ‡™àπ ‚¥π—∑ ¡—øøî𠇪ìπμâπ Ò Ú ª√—∫μ“¡§«“¡®”‡ªìπ„π°“√º≈‘μ*

˜.Ú.Û º≈‘μ¿—≥±å ”‡√Á®√Ÿª∑’Ë„™â∑”‡§â° ·æπ‡§â° À√◊Õ¢π¡Õ∫Õ◊ËπÊ Ò Ú ª√—∫μ“¡§«“¡®”‡ªìπ„π°“√º≈‘μ*

∑’ˉ¡à„™à¢π¡ªíß

¯.Ú.Ò.Ú º≈‘μ¿—≥±å‡π◊ÈÕ —μ«å·≈– —μ«åªï°∑—Èß™‘ÈπÀ√◊Õμ—¥¬àÕ¬∑’˺à“π°“√

À¡—°‡°≈◊Õ ∑”„Àâ·Àâß‚¥¬‰¡àºà“𧫓¡√âÕ𠇙àπ Ò ı ª√—∫μ“¡§«“¡®”‡ªìπ„π°“√º≈‘μ*

‡π◊ÈÕ‡§Á¡μ“°·Àâß ‡ªìπμâπ NoteÛ

¯.Û.Ò.Ú º≈‘μ¿—≥±å‡π◊ÈÕ —μ«å·≈– —μ«åªï°∑—Èß™‘ÈπÀ√◊Õμ—¥·μàß Ò ı ª√—∫μ“¡§«“¡®”‡ªìπ„π°“√º≈‘μ*

∑’˺à“π°√√¡«‘∏’„À⧫“¡√âÕπ NoteÛ

˘.Ú.Ù.Ú ÀÕ¬ °ÿâß ·≈–ªŸª√ÿß ÿ° Ò ‰¡à„Àℙ⠉¡à¡’§«“¡®”‡ªìπ∑“ß°“√º≈‘μ

Ò.Ù º≈‘μ¿—≥±å¢π¡À«“π∑’Ë∑”®“°‰¢à Ò ı ª√—∫μ“¡§«“¡®”‡ªìπ„π°“√º≈‘μ*

ÒÚ.Ú.Ú ‡§√◊ËÕߪ√ÿß√  Ò ı ª√—∫μ“¡§«“¡®”‡ªìπ„π°“√º≈‘μ*

ÒÚ.Û πÈ” â¡ “¬™Ÿ Ò ı ª√—∫μ“¡§«“¡®”‡ªìπ„π°“√º≈‘μ*

ÒÚ.ˆ º≈‘μ¿—≥±åª√–‡¿∑´Õ  Ò æ‘®“√≥“·μà≈–À¡«¥¬àÕ¬

ÒÚ.ˆ.Ù º≈‘μ¿—≥±åª√–‡¿∑´Õ „  Ò πÈ”ª≈“ πÈ”ª≈“ §«√°”Àπ¥∑’Ë ı mg/kg

‡™àπ πÈ”ª≈“ ´’Õ‘È« ‡ªìπμâπ ı ‡æ√“–¡’°“√∫√‘‚¿§ª√‘¡“≥ Ÿß

´Õ  „πª√–™“°√‰∑¬

Ò

ÒÙ.Ò.Ú.Ò πÈ”º≈‰¡â Ò Ú ª√—∫μ“¡°”Àπ¥„πª√–°“»œ Ú¯Ò

ÒÙ.Ò.Û.Ò πÈ”º≈‰¡âª√–‡¿∑‡π§μâ“ Ò Ú ª√—∫μ“¡°”Àπ¥„πª√–°“»œ Ú¯Ò

¡“μ√∞“π À¿“æ¬ÿ‚√ª Òı mg/kg ÒÙ.Ò.Ù ‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡∑’ˉ¡à‰¥â∑”®“°º—°À√◊Õº≈‰¡â √«¡∂÷߇§√◊ËÕß ˆ æ‘®“√≥“·μà≈–À¡«¥¬àÕ¬

¥◊Ë¡‡°≈◊Õ·√à

ÒÙ.Ò.Ù.Ò ‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡À√◊ÕπÈ”À«“πÕ—¥°ä“´ ˆ Ú ª√—∫μ“¡°”Àπ¥„πª√–°“»œ Ú¯Ò

ÒÙ.Ò.Ù.Ú ‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡À√◊ÕπÈ”À«“π∑’ˉ¡à‰¥âÕ—¥°ä“´ ˆ Ú ª√—∫μ“¡°”Àπ¥„πª√–°“»œ Ú¯Ò ÒÙ.Ò.ı ‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡™“ °“·ø ‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡ ¡ÿπ‰æ√·≈–‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡ Ò Ú ª√—∫μ“¡°”Àπ¥„πª√–°“»œ Ú¯Ò

®“°∏—≠æ◊™™π‘¥μà“ßÊ

Òı.Ò ¢π¡¢∫‡§’Ȭ«∑’Ë∑”®“°∏—≠æ◊™ ¡—πΩ√—Ëß ·ªÑß Ò Úı ª√—∫μ“¡§«“¡®”‡ªìπ„π°“√º≈‘μ*

Òˆ. Õ“À“√æ√âÕ¡∫√‘‚¿§∑’ˉ¡à “¡“√∂ Ò ı ‡ªìππ‚¬∫“¬«à“Õ“À“√ª√ÿß ”‡√Á®

®—¥‡¢â“À¡«¥Õ◊Ëπʉ¥â æ√âÕ¡∫√‘‚¿§‰¡à§«√Õπÿ≠“μ„Àâ„™â

«—μ∂ÿ‡®◊ÕªπÕ“À“√ ·μàÕ“®æ∫®“°

Carry over ®÷ߪ√—∫≈¥≈ß Ò/Ú ¢Õß

§à“ MLs ∑’Ë‚§‡¥Á°´å‡ πÕ

*§«“¡®”‡ªìπ„π°“√º≈‘μæ‘®“√≥“®“°ª√‘¡“≥°“√„™â„πº≈‘μ¿—≥±åπ’È ∑’Ë√«∫√«¡®“°¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑’˺Ÿâº≈‘μ¬◊Ëπ¢ÕÕπÿ≠“μ°“√„™â·≈–¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈°“√‡ΩÑ“√–«—ß„πº≈‘μ¿—≥±å μ“√“ß∑’Ë Û(μàÕ) √“¬°“√Õ“À“√∑’˧«√ª√—∫≈¥§à“ MLs ¢Õß°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘° „π·μà≈–À¡«¥Õ“À“√

√“¬°“√Õ“À“√ MLs (mg/kg)

À¡«¥Õ“À“√ À¡“¬‡Àμÿ

(¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈°“√∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√¢Õߪ√–™“°√‰∑¬) ‚§‡¥Á°´å ∑’ˇ πÕ

 Ÿß°«à“ ADI  à«π°≈ÿà¡Õ“¬ÿ Ò˘-ˆÙ.˘ ªï·≈–°≈ÿà¡Õ“¬ÿ¡“°°«à“

ˆı ªï¢÷Èπ‰ª‰¥â√—∫°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°μË”°«à“ ADI · ¥ß«à“°“√‰¥â√—∫

°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°®“°°“√∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√¢Õߪ√–™“°√‰∑¬ ‡¡◊ËÕ ª√–‡¡‘πμ“¡ MLs ∑’Ë°”Àπ¥„π¡“μ√∞“πÕ“À“√‚§‡¥Á°´å ¡’

§«“¡‡ ’ˬ߄π√–¥—∫¬Õ¡√—∫‰¡à‰¥â μâÕßæ‘®“√≥“ª√—∫≈¥§à“

MLs ŧ

„π°“√ª√—∫≈¥§à“ MLS æ‘®“√≥“ª√—∫≈¥„πÀ¡«¥

Õ“À“√°≈ÿࡇ ’Ë¬ß ‡√’¬ß≈”¥—∫®“°À¡«¥Õ“À“√∑’Ë∑”„À⺟â∫√‘‚¿§

‰¥â√—∫°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°„πª√‘¡“≥ Ÿß ‚¥¬π”§à“ MLs ∑’Ë°”Àπ¥

„ π ¡ “ μ √ ∞ “ π Õ “ À “ √ ¢ Õ ß ª √ – ‡ ∑ » ´÷Ë ß ¡’ § « “ ¡ πà “ ‡ ™◊Ë Õ ∂◊ Õ „ π

°√–∫«π°“√§«∫§ÿ¡§«“¡ª≈Õ¥¿—¬Õ“À“√ ‰¥â·°à  À¿“æ¬ÿ‚√ª - Directive 95/2/EC on food additives other than colours

ÙÚÛ

μ“√“ß∑’ËÙ§«“¡‡ ’ˬ߄π°“√‰¥â√—∫ —¡º— °√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°∑’Ë√–¥—∫‡©≈’ˬ¢Õß°“√∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√„πª√–™“°√∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ (Per Capita) ‡¡◊ËÕª√–‡¡‘π®“°ª√‘¡“≥ Ÿß ÿ¥ (MLs) ´÷Ëߪ√—∫≈¥ ª√‘¡“≥°“√‰¥â√—∫ —¡º— °√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘° (√âÕ¬≈–¢Õß ADI) À¡«¥Õ“À“√‚§‡¥Á°´å √“¬°“√Õ“À“√∑’ˇ πÕ§à“ MLs „π GSFA Rev ¯-Ú˜MLs* (mg/kg)Û-ı.˘ ªïˆ-Ò¯.˘ ªïÒ˘-ˆÙ.˘ ªï>ˆı ªï>Û ªï Ò.˜¢π¡À«“π∑’Ë∑”®“°π¡ÛÙ.Û˜Û.Úˆ.˘.ÚÒÚ.˜Ò Ú.Ú.Ò.Ú/Ú.Ú.Ú/Ú.Û/Ú.Ù‡π¬‡∑’¬¡/º≈‘μ¿—≥±åÕ‘¡—≈™—Ëπ/¢π¡À«“π∑’Ë∑”®“°‰¢¡—πÕ◊Ëπ∑’Ë¡‘„™à‰¢¡—ππ¡Ò.Ú.Ú.Ù.Ú.Ú Ù.Ò.Ú(/Ù.Ú.Ú*º≈‰¡â∑’Ë·ª√√Ÿª/º—°œ∑’Ë·ª√√Ÿª-Ò†Ù.˜Ú.˜ÛÒ.ÙÛÒ.¯ıÛ.ˆ ı.Ò.Û/ı.Ò.ı/ı.Ú/ı.Û/ı.Ùº≈‘μ¿—≥±åœ∑’Ë∑”®“°‚°‚°â/¢π¡À«“π‡≈’¬π·∫∫™ÁÕ°‚°·≈μ/≈Ÿ°Õ¡œ/À¡“°Ω√—ËßÒ-Òı†Û.ˆÒÒ.˘ı.ÛÚ.ıÒ.ÛÛ ˆ.Ù.Û/ˆ.ıæ“ μ“·≈–Õ“À“√‡ âπ°÷Ëß ”‡√Á®√Ÿªœ/¢π¡À«“π∑’Ë∑”®“°∏—≠™“μ‘·≈–·ªÑßÚı-ı†˘.ÛÛˆ.ÙÚÛ.ıÛÚ.ˆÚı.Ùı ˜.º≈‘μ¿—≥±å¢π¡Õ∫-Ú†Ù.Ò˘Ú.ıı.˘Ù.ııÚ. ¯.Ú.Ò.Ú/¯.Û.Ò.Úº≈‘μ¿—≥±å‡π◊ÈÕ —μ«å  —μ«åªï° ‡π◊ÈÕ —μ«å∑’Ë∂Ÿ°≈à“ À¡—° ‡°≈◊Õ ∑”„Àâ·Àâ߉¡àºà“𧫓¡√âÕπıÒ.¯ÚÒ.ÒÛ.ıı.ÙÒ.˘˘ ˘.Ú.Ù.Ú/˘.Ú.ı/˘.Ûº≈‘μ¿—≥±å —μ«åπÈ”ª√ÿß ÿ° √¡§«—π ∑”·Àâß À¡—° ∑”‡§Á¡ °√–∫«π°“√°÷Ëß∂πÕ¡Õ“À“√-Ú†Ò.Ù.¯ı.¯.¯¯.¯˜ Ò.Ú.Ò/Ò.Ùº≈‘μ¿—≥±å‰¢à‡À≈«/º≈‘μ¿—≥±å¢π¡À«“π∑’Ë∑”®“°‰¢àı-ı†.˜¯.Òı.Ú˜.Úı.ÙÙ ÒÒ.Ù/ÒÒ.ˆπÈ”‡™◊ËÕ¡ πÈ”μ“≈∑’Ë„™â·μàßÀπâ“¢π¡/«—μ∂ÿ∑’Ë„™â„À⧫“¡À«“π·∑ππÈ”μ“≈Ò-Ú.Ú˜.Ò˜.ÒÚ.Ò.Ò˜ ÒÚ.Ú.Ú/ÒÚ.Û-ÒÚ.˜‡§√◊ËÕߪ√ÿß√ /πÈ” â¡ “¬™Ÿ/¡— μ“√å¥/´ÿª·≈–´ÿª„ /´Õ / ≈—¥ º≈‘μ¿—≥±åªÑ“¬¢π¡ı-Ò†˘.¯Ûı.˜ıÙ.˜¯Û.Úˆˆ.ˆ ÒÛ.Û/ÒÛ.Ù/ÒÛ.ı/ÒÛ.ˆÕ“À“√∑’Ë¡’®ÿ¥ª√– ß§å∑“ß‚¿™π“°“√‡ªìπ摇»…Òı-Ú†.ÙÚ.ÛÚ.Ù¯.ˆ˜.ÙÚ ÒÙ.Ò.Ú*/ÒÙ.Ò.Û*/‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡®“°º≈‰¡â/‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡®“°º—° /‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡ª√–‡¿∑πÈ”À«“𠇧√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡∑’Ë¡’°“‡øÕ’π ÒÙ.Ò.Ù/ÒÙ.Ò.ı‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡‡°≈◊Õ·√à/™“ °“·ø ‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡®“° ¡ÿπ‰æ√ ‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡®“°∏—≠™“μ‘Ú-Ò†Ò˜.ÛÒÒÙ.ˆˆ¯.ÙÚ.ˆıÒÒ.ÛÚ Òı.Ò¢π¡¢∫‡§’Ȭ«∑’Ë∑”®“°¡—πΩ√—Ëß ∏—≠™“μ‘ ·ªÑßÚıˆ.ÚÛÚ.˘Ò.ÙÛ.˘Ú.Ú Òˆ.Õ“À“√æ√âÕ¡∫√‘‚¿§∑’ˉ¡à “¡“√∂®—¥‡¢â“À¡«¥Õ◊Ëπʉ¥âıÒÚ.Ò˜.˜ıÛ.ÒÛÚ.¯Úˆ.Ò √«¡ª√‘¡“≥°“√‰¥â√—∫ —¡º— °√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°®“°°“√∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√∑ÿ°√“¬°“√∑’Ë°”Àπ¥§à“ MLs˜ı.Ûı.ˆÚÚˆ.ÒÚÒˆ.ÙÛÙÛ.ı *ª√‘¡“≥ Ÿß ÿ¥∑’ËÕπÿ≠“μ„Àâ„™â„π·μà≈–À¡«¥Õ“À“√ª√–°“»„™â„πÀ¡«¥¬àÕ¬∫“ß√“¬°“√‡∑à“π—Èπ √“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥¢ÕßÀ¡«¥¬àÕ¬¥Ÿ„π GSFA Rev ¯-Ú˜ †√“¬°“√Õ“À“√„πÀ¡«¥π’È∑’Ë¡’°“√‡ πÕª√—∫≈¥§à“ MLs ¥—ß· ¥ß„πμ“√“ß∑’Ë Û

and sweeteners^(ÒÒ) ≠’˪ÿÉπ - Japanûs specifications and standards for food additives; 2000^(ÒÚ) ÕÕ ‡μ√‡≈’¬·≈–

π‘«´’·≈π¥å - Food standard Australia New Zealand.

Standard 1.3.1: Food additives; 2006^(ÒÛ) √«¡∂÷ߪ√–‡∑»

‰∑¬ - ª√–°“»°√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢©∫—∫∑’Ë Ú¯Ò ‡√◊ËÕß«—μ∂ÿ

‡®◊ÕªπÕ“À“√^(Ò) ª√–°Õ∫°—∫§«“¡®”‡ªìπ„π°“√º≈‘μ∑’ˇ πÕ

‚¥¬ºŸâ‡™’ˬ«™“≠¥â“π‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’∑“ßÕ“À“√ ·≈–ª√‘¡“≥°√¥

‡∫π‚´Õ‘°∑’Ëæ∫„πÕ“À“√®“°°“√‡ΩÑ“√–«—ߢÕßÀπ૬ߓπ·≈–

ß“π«‘®—¬ ¡“„™âæ‘®“√≥“ª√—∫≈¥§à“ MLs ¥—ß· ¥ß„πμ“√“ß∑’Ë Û

‡¡◊ËÕª√–‡¡‘π°“√‰¥â√—∫ —¡º— ®“°§à“ MLs ∑’ˇ πÕ„À¡à ‰¥âº≈

¥—ß· ¥ß„πμ“√“ß∑’Ë Ù

«‘®“√≥å

°“√‰¥â√—∫°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°®“°°“√∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√√«¡∑ÿ°

À¡«¥‡¡◊ËÕª√–‡¡‘πμ“¡§à“ MLs ∑’Ë°”Àπ¥„π¡“μ√∞“π∑—Ë«‰ª  ”À√—∫«—μ∂ÿ‡®◊ÕªπÕ“À“√¢Õß‚§‡¥Á°´å©∫—∫∑’Ë∑”°“√»÷°…“ §◊Õ GSFA Rev 8-2007 ‚¥¬æ‘®“√≥“∑—ÈßÀ¡«¥Õ“À“√∑’ˬա√—∫§à“

MLs ·≈â« ´÷ËßμàÕ¡“æ∫«à“§√Õ∫§≈ÿ¡∑ÿ°À¡«¥Õ“À“√∑’Ë¡’°“√

°”Àπ¥§à“ MLs μ“¡ GSFA ©∫—∫μàÕ¡“∑’˪√–°“»„™â

„π§.».ÚÒ (¡’‡æ’¬ß Ú √“¬°“√ ∑’Ë∂Ÿ°§”π«≥°“√‰¥â√—∫

 —¡º— „π°“√»÷°…“π’È·μà‰¡à¡’°“√°”Àπ¥§à“ MLs „π GSFA 2001 ‰¥â·°à Ú.Ú.Ò.Ú ‡π¬‡∑’¬¡·≈–º≈‘μ¿—≥±å∑”πÕ߇¥’¬«°—π

·≈– ÒÚ.˘.Ò.Û º≈‘μ¿—≥±å‚ª√μ’π®“°∂—Ë«‡À≈◊ÕßÕ◊Ëπ √«¡∂÷ß

´Õ ª√ÿß√ ∑’ˉ¡àºà“π°“√À¡—°) ‡¡◊ËÕª√–‡¡‘πμ“¡π’Èæ∫«à“

ª√‘¡“≥°“√‰¥â√—∫°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°∑’Ë√–¥—∫‡©≈’ˬ¢Õß°“√∫√‘‚¿§„π ª√–™“°√Õ“¬ÿ Û ªï¢÷Èπ‰ª ¡’§à“ Ÿß‡°‘π ADI ‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—∫°“√‰¥â

√—∫ —¡º— °√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°¢Õߪ√–‡∑»μà“ßʇ¡◊ËÕª√–‡¡‘π®“°

GSFA^(ÒÙ) · ¥ß«à“À“°π”§à“ MLs ∑’ˇ πÕ„π¡“μ√∞“π∑—Ë«‰ª  ”À√—∫«—μ∂ÿ‡®◊ÕªπÕ“À“√¢Õß‚§‡¥Á°´å¡“§«∫§ÿ¡°“√„™â°√¥

‡∫π‚´Õ‘°„π√–¥—∫ª√–‡∑» Õ“® àߺ≈‡ ’¬μàÕ ÿ¢¿“溟â∫√‘‚¿§

‚¥¬‡©æ“–‡¥Á°·≈–«—¬√ÿàπ ¥—ß∑’Ëæ∫«à“°“√‰¥â√—∫°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°

„πª√–™“°√‰∑¬Õ“¬ÿ Û-ı.˘ ªï ·≈– ˆ-Ò¯.˘ ªï ¡’§à“ Ÿß‡°‘π ADI ¥—ßπ—ÈπμâÕߪ√—∫≈¥§à“ MLs „πÀ¡«¥Õ“À“√ ”§—≠∑’Ë

∑”„Àâª√–™“°√°≈ÿࡇ ’ˬßπ’ȉ¥â√—∫°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘° Ÿß ‰¥â·°à

‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡„πÀ¡«¥¬àÕ¬∑’Ë ÒÙ.Ò.Ú-ÒÙ.Ò.ı º≈‘μ¿—≥±åº≈‰¡â

·≈–º—°·ª√√Ÿª„πÀ¡«¥¬àÕ¬∑’Ë Ù.Ò.Ú.Ú, Ù.Ò.Ú.Û, Ù.Ò.Ú.ı- Ù.Ò.Ú.ÒÚ, Ù.Ú.Ú.Ú, Ù.Ú.Ú.Û, Ù.Ú.Ú.ı-Ù.Ú.Ú.¯ ·≈–

º≈‘μ¿—≥±å¢π¡Õ∫„πÀ¡«¥Õ“À“√ ˜. ·μà°“√ª√—∫≈¥§à“ MLs

„πº≈‘μ¿—≥±åÕ“À“√∑—Èß Û °≈ÿà¡π’È ¬—߉¡à “¡“√∂≈¥°“√‰¥â√—∫

°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°„πºŸâ∫√‘‚¿§°≈ÿࡇ ’ˬßπ’È≈ßμË”°«à“ ADI ®”‡ªìπ μâÕߪ√—∫≈¥§à“ MLs „πÀ¡«¥Õ“À“√Õ◊Ëπ∫“ß°≈ÿà¡ ¥—ß· ¥ß„π μ“√“ß∑’Ë Û ®÷ß®–∑”„Àâ°“√‰¥â√—∫°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°®“°°“√∫√‘‚¿§

Õ“À“√¢Õߪ√–™“°√‰∑¬∑ÿ°°≈ÿà¡Õ“¬ÿ¡’§à“μË”°«à“ ADI ´÷Ë߇ªìπ

§«“¡‡ ’ˬß√–¥—∫∑’ˬա√—∫‰¥â ®“°¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈°“√‡ΩÑ“√–«—ߢÕß Õ¬.

·≈–ß“π«‘®—¬„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬^(Òı-Ò¯) æ∫«à“º≈‘μ¿—≥±åÕ“À“√∑’Ë æ∫°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°„πª√‘¡“≥ Ÿß à«π„À≠à‡ªìπÕ“À“√∑’Ë¡’ª√‘¡“≥

πȔՑ √– Ÿß ‡™à𠇧√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡ ‡π◊ÈÕ —μ«å·ª√√Ÿª ¢π¡ªíß Õ¥‰ â º—°·≈–º≈‰¡â¥Õß·≈–·™àÕ‘Ë¡ °ã«¬‡μ’ά«‡ âπ ¥ ‡ªìπμâπ À“°ºŸâ º≈‘μ‰¡à§«∫§ÿ¡°“√º≈‘μμ“¡ ÿ¢≈—°…≥–∑’Ë¥’„π°“√º≈‘μÕ“À“√

®–∑”„Àâº≈‘μ¿—≥±å‡°‘¥°“√‡ ◊ËÕ¡‡ ’¬‡¡◊ËÕ«“ß®”Àπà“¬∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘

ÀâÕ߇ªìπ‡«≈“π“𠇪ì𠓇Àμÿ„ÀâμâÕß„™â°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°„π ª√‘¡“≥¡“°‡æ◊ËÕ¬—∫¬—Èß°“√‡®√‘≠¢Õß®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬å ¥—ßπ—Èπ„π°“√

æ‘®“√≥“°”Àπ¥ª√‘¡“≥ Ÿß ÿ¥∑’ËÕπÿ≠“μ„Àâ„™â„πÕ“À“√ ®”‡ªìπ μâÕßÕ“»—¬°“√°≈—Ëπ°√Õß®“°ºŸâ‡™’ˬ«™“≠¥â“π«‘∑¬“»“ μ√å∑“ß Õ“À“√ ‚¥¬§”π÷ß∂÷ߧ«“¡®”‡ªìπ„π°“√º≈‘μ∑’ˇªìπ‰ªμ“¡À≈—°

°“√º≈‘μ∑’Ë¥’ (Good Manufacturing Practices) ª√–°Õ∫

°—∫§à“ MLs „π¡“μ√∞“πÕ“À“√¢Õߪ√–‡∑»∑’Ë¡’√–∫∫°“√

®—¥°“√§«“¡ª≈Õ¥¿—¬¥â“πÕ“À“√‡ªìπ∑’ˬա√—∫„π√–¥—∫ “°≈

‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡ª√–‡¿∑∑’ˉ¡à¡’·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈庠¡ (soft drink)

‡ªìπº≈‘μ¿—≥±å∑’ËÕπÿ≠“μ„Àâ„™â°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°∑—Èß„π¡“μ√∞“π Õ“À“√¢Õß‚§‡¥Á°´å ·≈–ª√–°“»œ ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ú¯Ò À“°°”Àπ¥

ª√‘¡“≥°“√„™âμ“¡ MLs ∑’ˇ πÕ„π GSFA Rev 8-2007 ®–

∑”„Àâª√–™“°√‰∑¬Õ“¬ÿ Û ªï¢÷Èπ‰ª‰¥â√—∫°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°∑’Ë√–¥—∫

‡©≈’ˬ¢Õß°“√∫√‘‚¿§ Ÿß°«à“Õ“À“√À¡«¥Õ◊Ëπ ‚¥¬¡’§à“‡∑à“°—∫

√âÕ¬≈– Ù ¢Õß ADI ‚¥¬‡©æ“–ª√–™“°√°≈ÿà¡Õ“¬ÿ Û-ı.˘ ªï

·≈– ˆ-Ò¯.˘ ªï ®–‰¥â√—∫°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘° Ÿß∂÷ß√âÕ¬≈– ı˘ ·≈–

ı ¢Õß ADI μ“¡≈”¥—∫ ‚¥¬°“√∫√‘‚¿§‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡ª√–‡¿∑∑’Ë

‰¡à¡’·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈庠¡ ™π‘¥Õ—¥°ä“´ ®—¥‡ªìπ√“¬°“√∑’Ë∑”„Àâ

ÙÚı

ª√–™“°√ Ú °≈ÿà¡Õ“¬ÿπ’ȉ¥â√—∫°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°®“°°“√∫√‘‚¿§

Õ“À“√ Ÿß ÿ¥ √Õß≈ß¡“§◊Õ πÈ”º≈‰¡â ·≈–πÈ”À«“π‰¡àÕ—¥°ä“´

 Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫°“√»÷°…“„πÕÕ ‡μ√‡≈’¬-π‘«´’·≈π¥å  À√“™

Õ“≥“®—°√ Ω√—Ë߇»  ·≈– À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“ ∑’Ëæ∫«à“ ‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡

ª√–‡¿∑∑’ˉ¡à¡’·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈庠¡ ‡ªìπº≈‘μ¿—≥±å∑’Ë∑”„Àâ ª√–™“°√„πª√–‡∑»‰¥â√—∫°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘° Ÿß^(ÒÙ) ‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—∫

°“√»÷°…“„π‡¥Á°«—¬‡√’¬π (Õ“¬ÿ Ú-ˆ ªï) «—¬√ÿàπ (ÒÙ-Ò¯ ªï)

·≈–ºŸâÀ≠‘ß (Ò¯-Ù ªï) „π‡∫≈‡¬’ˬ¡^(Ò˘) ‚¥¬ª√–‡¡‘π®“° MLs

¢Õß°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°μ“¡¡“μ√∞“πÕ“À“√¢Õß À¿“æ¬ÿ‚√ª æ∫

«à“‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡ª√–‡¿∑∑’ˉ¡à¡’·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈庠¡‡ªìπº≈‘μ¿—≥±å∑’Ë

∑”„Àâª√–™“°√°≈ÿà¡π’ȉ¥â√—∫°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘° Ÿß ÿ¥ ·≈–‡¡◊ËÕ ª√–‡¡‘π®“° MLs ¢Õß°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°μ“¡¡“μ√∞“πÕ“À“√

ÕÕ ‡μ√‡≈’¬-π‘«´’·≈π¥å æ∫«à“ ‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡ª√–‡¿∑∑’ˉ¡à¡’

·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈庠¡ ‡ªìπº≈‘μ¿—≥±å∑’Ë∑”„À⇥Á°·≈–«—¬√ÿàπ ÕÕ ‡μ√‡≈’¬‰¥â√—∫°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘° Ÿß^(Ú) πÕ°®“°π’Èæ∫«à“‡¥Á°

·≈–«—¬√ÿàπ„π‡¥π¡“√å°^(ÚÒ) ‡≈∫“πÕπ^(ÚÚ) ·≈–ŒàÕß°ß^(ÚÛ)  à«π

„À≠à‰¥â√—∫ —¡º— °√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°®“°°“√∫√‘‚¿§‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡

ª√–‡¿∑∑’ˉ¡à¡’·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈庠¡ ∑’Ë«“ß®”Àπà“¬„πª√–‡∑»

¥—ßπ—Èπ‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡ª√–‡¿∑∑’ˉ¡à¡’·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈庠¡ ®÷߇ªìπ º≈‘μ¿—≥±å°≈ÿࡇ ’ˬß∑’Ë∑”„À⺟â∫√‘‚¿§°≈ÿࡇ¥Á°·≈–«—¬√ÿàπ‰¥â√—∫

°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°„πª√‘¡“≥ Ÿß ®”‡ªìπμâÕß¡’°“√§«∫§ÿ¡ª√‘¡“≥∑’Ë

®–Õπÿ≠“μ„Àâ„™â°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°„π√–¥—∫∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡  ”À√—∫

ª√–™“°√‰∑¬‡¡◊ËÕª√–‡¡‘π®“°§à“ MLs ∑’ˇ πÕ„π GSFA §◊Õ ˆ ¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡μàÕ°‘‚≈°√—¡ æ∫«à“‡¥Á°«—¬°àÕπ‡√’¬π (Õ“¬ÿ Û-ı.˘

ªï) ·≈–«—¬‡√’¬π (Õ“¬ÿ ˆ-Ò¯.˘ ªï) ´÷Ëß∫√‘‚¿§‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡Õ—¥°ä“´

„πª√‘¡“≥ Ÿß∑’Ë√–¥—∫‡ªÕ√凴Áπ‰∑≈å ∑’Ë ˘˜ ¢Õß°“√∫√‘‚¿§„π

°≈ÿࡺŸâ∫√‘‚¿§ (Eater Only) ®–‰¥â√—∫°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°®“°

‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡ª√–‡¿∑πÈ”À«“πÕ—¥°ä“´√âÕ¬≈– ÒÙÙ ·≈– ˘ˆ ¢Õß ADI μ“¡≈”¥—∫ ¥—ßπ—ÈπÀ“°„™â°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°„πº≈‘μ¿—≥±å°≈ÿà¡

π’Èμ“¡ MLs ∑’ˇ πÕ„π GSFA ®–°àÕ§«“¡‡ ’ˬßμàÕ ÿ¢¿“æ

¢ÕߺŸâ∑’Ëπ‘¬¡∫√‘‚¿§‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡‡À≈à“π’È„πª√‘¡“≥ Ÿß‡ªìπª√–®”

®÷ßμâÕߪ√—∫≈¥§à“ MLs „πº≈‘μ¿—≥±å‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡ª√–‡¿∑π’È≈ß

‡π◊ËÕß®“°‡ªìπª√‘¡“≥∑’Ë Ÿß‡°‘𧫓¡®”‡ªìπ„π°“√º≈‘μ „π ªí®®ÿ∫—πÕÿμ “À°√√¡°“√º≈‘쇧√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬„™â

°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°„π√–¥—∫∑’ËÕπÿ≠“μμ“¡ª√–°“»œ©∫—∫∑’Ë Ú¯Ò

§◊Õ‰¡à‡°‘π Ú ¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡μàÕ°‘‚≈°√—¡ „°≈⇧’¬ß°—∫„π∑’Ë  À¿“æ¬ÿ‚√ªÕπÿ≠“μ„Àâ„™â„π‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡ª√ÿß·μàߪ√–‡¿∑∑’ˉ¡à¡’

·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈庠¡ §◊Õ‰¡à‡°‘π Òı ¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡μàÕ°‘‚≈°√—¡^(˘)

®÷߇ πÕ„Àâ°”Àπ¥ MLs „π‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡ª√–‡¿∑π’Èμ“¡ª√–°“»œ

©∫—∫ Ú¯Ò ´÷Ë߇¡◊ËÕπ”‡¢â“ Ÿà°“√ª√–‡¡‘π°“√‰¥â√—∫ —¡º—  æ∫

§«“¡‡ ’ˬ߄π√–¥—∫∑’ˉ¡à àߺ≈‡ ’¬μàÕ ÿ¢¿“æ ¥—ß· ¥ß„πμ“√“ß∑’Ë Ù  ”À√—∫√“¬°“√Õ“À“√Õ◊Ëπ∑’Ë°àÕ§«“¡‡ ’ˬߠŸß·≈–¡’°“√°”Àπ¥

§à“ MLs ∑’Ë√–¥—∫ Ÿß ‚¥¬‡©æ“–º≈‘μ¿—≥±å¢π¡Õ∫ ´÷Ëß MLs

∑’ˇ πÕ„π GSFA  Ÿß∂÷ß Ò, ¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡μàÕ°‘‚≈°√—¡

À“°ª√—∫≈¥·≈⫉¡à “¡“√∂ªÑÕß°—π°“√‡ ◊ËÕ¡‡ ’¬¢Õߺ≈‘μ¿—≥±å

§«√‡≈◊Õ°«—μ∂ÿ°—π‡ ’¬™π‘¥∑’Ë¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ‡À¡“– ¡°—∫

º≈‘μ¿—≥±åπ’È¡“„™â·∑π°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘° ∑—Èßπ’È °√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°¡’

ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“楒„π°“√¬—∫¬—Èß°“√‡®√‘≠¢Õ߬’ μå ‡™◊ÈÕ√“ ·∫§∑’‡√’¬

°àÕ‚√§Õ“À“√‡ªìπæ‘… ‡¡◊ËÕ„™â„πÕ“À“√∑’Ë¡’§à“§«“¡‡ªìπ°√¥¥à“ß (pH) μË”°«à“ Ù.Ú ‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ªπ‘¬¡„™â°—∫º≈‘μ¿—≥±åÕ“À“√∑’Ë¡’

§«“¡‡ªìπ°√¥ª√–‡¿∑‡§√◊ËÕߥ◊Ë¡ πÈ”º≈‰¡â πÈ” ≈—¥ º—°·≈–º≈

‰¡â¥Õß ‡ªìπμâπ^(ÚÙ)

¢âÕ¬ÿμ‘

°“√ª√–‡¡‘𧫓¡‡ ’ˬ߰“√‰¥â√—∫ —¡º— °√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°¢Õß ª√–™“°√‰∑¬ ‡¡◊ËÕª√–‡¡‘π®“°§à“ MLs ∑’ˇ πÕ„π¡“μ√∞“π

∑—Ë«‰ª ”À√—∫«—μ∂ÿ‡®◊ÕªπÕ“À“√¢Õß‚§‡¥Á°´å¢≥–∑’Ë∑”°“√»÷°…“π’È

§◊Õ GSFA Rev 8-2007 ‡¡◊ËÕª√–‡¡‘π°“√‰¥â√—∫ —¡º— ∑’Ë√–¥—∫

‡©≈’ˬ¢Õß°“√∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√„π°≈ÿࡪ√–™“°√∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ (Per Capita) æ∫«à“ª√–™“°√‰∑¬Õ“¬ÿ Û ªï¢÷Èπ‰ª®–‰¥â√—∫°√¥

‡∫π‚´Õ‘°®“°°“√∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√„π™’«‘μª√–®”«—π„π√–¥—∫∑’Ë Ÿß°«à“

ADI ‚¥¬‡©æ“–º≈‘μ¿—≥±åÕ“À“√´÷Ëß¡’ª√‘¡“≥°“√∫√‘‚¿§ Ÿß„π ºŸâ∫√‘‚¿§°≈ÿࡇ ’Ë¬ß §◊Õ ‡¥Á°·≈–«—¬√ÿàπ ‰¥â·°à πÈ”À«“πÕ—¥°ä“´

º—°·≈–º≈‰¡â·ª√√Ÿª ¢π¡Õ∫ ¥—ßπ—ÈπÀ“°°”Àπ¥§à“ MLs

¢Õß°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘° μ“¡∑’Ë‚§‡¥Á°´å‡ πÕ„π GSFA Rev 8-2007

´÷Ë߇ªìπ§à“‡¥’¬«°—∫∑’˪√–°“»„™â„π GSFA ©∫—∫≈à“ ÿ¥∑’Ë¡’°“√

∑∫∑«π„πªï ÚÒÒ (GSFA Rev 12-2011) ®–¡’‚Õ°“ °àÕ

§«“¡‡ ’ˬßμàÕ ÿ¢¿“溟â∫√‘‚¿§„π√–¥—∫∑’ˬա√—∫‰¡à‰¥â ®”‡ªìπ

μâÕߪ√—∫≈¥§à“ MLs „πÀ¡«¥Õ“À“√ ”§—≠∑’Ë∑”„À⺟â∫√‘‚¿§

°≈ÿࡇ ’ˬ߉¥â√—∫°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘° Ÿß ¥—ß∑’ˇ πÕ„πμ“√“ß∑’Ë Û º≈

°“√ª√–‡¡‘𧫓¡‡ ’ˬ߰“√‰¥â√—∫ —¡º— °√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°μ“¡§à“

MLs ∑’ˇ πÕ‚¥¬§≥–π—°«‘®—¬æ∫«à“ª√‘¡“≥°“√‰¥â√—∫°√¥

‡∫π‚´Õ‘°„πª√–™“°√‰∑¬Õ“¬ÿ Û ªï¢÷Èπ‰ª∑’Ë√–¥—∫‡©≈’ˬ¢Õß°“√

∫√‘‚¿§¡’§à“‰¡à‡°‘π√âÕ¬≈– ı ¢Õß ADI · ¥ß«à“¡’§«“¡‡ ’ˬß

∑’ˬա√—∫‰¥â√–¥—∫¥’¡“° ‡¡◊ËÕ®”·π°μ“¡°≈ÿà¡Õ“¬ÿ æ∫«à“

ª√–™“°√°≈ÿࡇ ’Ë¬ß §◊Õ ‡¥Á°‡≈Á°Õ“¬ÿ Û-ı.˘ ªï ‰¥â√—∫°√¥

‡∫π‚´Õ‘°„π√–¥—∫§«“¡‡ ’ˬß∑’ËμË”°«à“ ADI ‚¥¬¡’§à“‡°‘π√âÕ¬≈–

˜ ¢Õß ADI ‡≈Á°πâÕ¬ ¢≥–∑’Ë„π°≈ÿà¡Õ“¬ÿÕ◊Ëπ¡’§à“‰¡à‡°‘π√âÕ¬

≈– ı ¢Õß ADI ∂÷ß·¡â«à“§à“ ADI ‡ªìπº≈∑’ˉ¥â®“°°“√»÷°…“

∑“ßæ‘…«‘∑¬“¢Õß “√‡§¡’‡™‘߇¥’ˬ« ·≈–Õ“»—¬·∫∫®”≈Õß∑“ß

§≥‘μ»“ μ√委π«≥‡ªìπμ—«‡≈¢∑’Ë∫àß∫Õ°√–¥—∫§«“¡ª≈Õ¥¿—¬

 ”À√—∫¡πÿ…¬å„π°“√‰¥â√—∫ —¡º—  “√π—Èπ ·μà°“√· ¥ß≈—°…≥–

§«“¡‡ ’ˬ߄π°“√‰¥â√—∫ —¡º— «—μ∂ÿ‡®◊ÕªπÕ“À“√‚¥¬°“√

‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫§à“ ADI μ“¡À≈—°°“√ª√–‡¡‘𧫓¡‡ ’ˬßπ’È

‡ªìπ°√–∫«π°“√∑’Ë‚§‡¥Á°´å ·≈–À≈“¬ª√–‡∑»¬Õ¡√—∫„π

°“√π”¡“„™â∑∫∑«π°“√°”Àπ¥§à“ MLs „π°“√Õπÿ≠“μ„Àâ„™â

«—μ∂ÿ‡®◊ÕªπÕ“À“√ ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ·μà≈–ª√–‡∑» “¡“√∂¥”‡π‘π°“√

§«∫§ÿ¡§«“¡ª≈Õ¥¿—¬Õ“À“√„π√–¥—∫ª√–‡∑»„À⇪ìπ‰ªμ“¡

°“√§ÿ⡧√Õß ÿ¢¿“溟â∫√‘‚¿§„π√–¥—∫∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡ ‚¥¬‰¡à∂◊Õ

‡ªìπ¢âÕ°’¥°—π∑“ß°“√§â“ §à“ MLs ¢Õß°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°∑’ˇ πÕ

„π§√—Èßπ’È ·¡âº≈°“√ª√–‡¡‘π°“√‰¥â√—∫ —¡º— ®–¡’§«“¡‡ ’ˬß∑’Ë

¬Õ¡√—∫‰¥â√–¥—∫¥’ ·μ৫√¡’°“√À“√◊Õ°—∫ºŸâª√–°Õ∫°“√

Õÿμ “À°√√¡Õ“À“√ ‡æ◊ËÕæ‘®“√≥“√–¥—∫∑’ˬա√—∫‰¥âμ“¡§«“¡

®”‡ªìπ∑“߇∑§‚π‚≈¬’°“√º≈‘μ„π·μà≈–À¡«¥Õ“À“√ ∫πæ◊Èπ

∞“π¢ÕߢâÕ¡Ÿ≈∑’ˉ¥â®“°°√–∫«π°“√ª√–‡¡‘𧫓¡‡ ’Ë¬ß °àÕπ 𔇠πÕ Ÿà°√–∫«π°“√°”Àπ¥§à“¡“μ√∞“π„π°“√„™â«—μ∂ÿ

‡®◊ÕªπÕ“À“√„À⇪ìπªí®®ÿ∫—π·≈– Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫¡“μ√∞“π “°≈

‚¥¬‰¡à°àÕº≈‡ ’¬μàÕ ÿ¢¿“溟â∫√‘‚¿§„πª√–‡∑» Õ¬à“߉√°Áμ“¡

°“√ª√–‡¡‘π°“√‰¥â√—∫ —¡º—  “√®“°ª√‘¡“≥ Ÿß ÿ¥∑’ËÕπÿ≠“μ„Àâ

„™â„πÕ“À“√ ‚¥¬¡“°¡—°¡’§à“ Ÿß°«à“§«“¡®√‘ß ‡π◊ËÕß®“°‰¡à„™à Õ“À“√∑ÿ°√“¬°“√∑’Ë¡’°“√°”Àπ¥§à“ MLs ®–„™â°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°

„πª√‘¡“≥∑’Ë°”Àπ¥ ®÷ߧ«√ª√–‡¡‘π°“√‰¥â√—∫°√¥‡∫π‚´Õ‘°

®“°°“√∫√‘‚¿§Õ“À“√¢Õߪ√–™“°√°≈ÿࡇ ’ˬ߮“° ∂“π°“√≥å

®√‘ß ‡æ◊ËÕπ”¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¡“ª√–°Õ∫°“√æ‘®“√≥“§à“¡“μ√∞“π ·≈–

«“ß¡“μ√°“√‡ΩÑ“√–«—ßμàÕ‰ª

‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß

Ò. æ√–√“™∫—≠≠—μ‘Õ“À“√ ÚıÚÚ. ª√–°“»°√–∑√«ß “∏“√≥ ÿ¢ ©∫—∫

∑’Ë Ú¯Ò æ.». ÚıÙ˜, √“™°‘®®“πÿ‡∫°…“‡≈à¡∑’Ë ÒÚÒ,μÕπ摇»… ˘˜

ß. (≈ß«—π∑’Ë ˆ °—𬓬π æ.». ÚıÙ˜)

Ú. General standard for food additives 1995. Codex Stan 192-1995 (Rev. 5-2004).

Û. World Health Organization. Benzoic acid and sodium benzoate.

Concise International Chemical Assessment Document 26. Genava:

World Health Organization; 2000.

Ù. McCann D, Berrett A, Cooper A, Dalen L, Grimshaw K, et al.

Food Additive and hyperactive behavior in 3-year-old and 8/9 year-old children in the community: a randomized, double- blinded,placebo-controlled trial. Stevenson J 2007;370:7-1560.

ı. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Data on benzene in softdrinks and other Beverages [onlines]. 2007 [cited 2008 Feb 17]; (6 screens).

Available from: URL:htttp://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodSafety/

FoodContaminantsAdulteration/ChemicalContaminants/.../

ucm055815.htm

ˆ. International Programmed on Chemical Safety. Dietary exposure assessment of chemicals in food. Principle and methods for the risk assessment of chemicals in food. Environmental health criteria 240. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2009.

˜. General standard for food additives 1995. Codex Stan 192-1995 (Rev. 8-2007).

˘. Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation. Application of risk analysis to food standards issues. Geneva: World Health Organization;

1995.

˘. Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. Guide- lines for the preparation of working papers on intake of food additives for the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additive. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2001.

Ò. Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. Evalua- tion of certain food additives and contaminants. Forty- sixth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives.

WHO Technical Report Series No. 868. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1996.

ÒÒ. European Parliament and Council Directive No 95/2/EC 1995.

Official Journal L 86, 18.3.1995. (Feb 20, 1995)

ÒÚ. The Ministry of Health and Welfare. Japanûs specifications and

ÙÚ˜