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研究建議

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第五章 討論與建議

第三節 研究建議

本研究結果顯示,臺灣地區50歲(含)以上中老年人的健康行為與使用住 院有相關。因此,以下分為對衛生主管機關、對中老年人及未來研究的建議,

共三部份,說明如下:

一、 對衛生主管機關的建議

加強宣導避免過量飲酒,勸導勿交際時勸酒為主,飲酒程度勿至微醺 半醉、常喝醉爛醉,教導判斷個人是否缺乏酒精代謝酵素,評估是否微量 飲酒就會臉紅,若臉紅表示缺乏「乙醛去氫酶(ALDH2)」請勿飲酒,若不 會臉紅,可以飲酒,但強調飲酒的程度為淺酌不醉,及建議男性每日喝酒 不超過2罐330毫升啤酒(約20g純酒精),女性則不超過1罐啤酒(約 10g純酒精)。

應積極推廣中老年人增加多元的運動行為及相關活動,教育國人落實 運動行為的重要性,並強調於65歲(含)以下介於退休年齡前,及早宣 導自我健康管理,減少非傳染性疾病發生;使用專案補助(採用押金制,

全程參與可以退費),鼓勵與目前的校園活動中心及運動中心做社區資源 結合,將少子化的公、私立學校,也納入樂齡中老年人群的體育相關課 程,開放於假日或夜間時段,運動空間及教室妥善的運用,也能將體育及 運動管理相關的師資能量發揮致最廣。

二、 對中老年人的建議

中老年人若有飲酒,請自行評估是否微量飲酒就會臉紅,若臉紅請勿 飲酒,若無臉紅狀況,請飲酒程度為淺酌不醉,建議以「紅酒」為主,含 有特定的多酚成份,其助於抗氧化特性,預防心血管疾病;隨著生理的老 化,建議中老年人落實日常多元運動行為,其有氧運動及重量訓練,可以

保護身體及維持肌肉量,延緩生理衰退及認知,提升生活品質,減少使用 住院機率。

若有疾病狀況,應早期介入控制,可利用鄰近社區診所,請專業醫療 人員協助,由家庭醫學科醫師及健康中心的個案管理師,制定個人疾病控 制及健康行為調整,達到自我慢性病控制管理,減少醫療服務利用(住 院、急診)。

三、 對未來研究者的建議

本研究為橫斷性研究,建議未來研究,針對衛生福利部衛生福利資料 科學中心中老年調查檔之「中老年身心社會生活狀況長期追蹤調查」,做 世代研究或採取串連其他資料庫的方式,使證據力等級增加,能足夠推論 全臺灣中老年人口,更深入的探討中老年人的健康行為與醫療服務利用之 關係。

建議未來後續研究,增加或納入其他不同的變項,例如:健康行為

(自變項)體重控制、睡眠狀態、身體功能、心理健康程度、生活滿意度 及健康資訊取得等,基本人口資料(控制變項)可增加,例如:居住地、同 住滿意度及職業;或以不同的健康行為的綜合總計層級類別做為自變項,

例如:「抽菸、喝酒、吃檳榔、無運動、無攝取蔬果、無健康檢查」綜合為 一類,「無抽菸、無喝酒、不吃檳榔、有運動、有攝取蔬果、有健康檢 查」為另綜合一類等細項分類,可以更增加研究的廣度。

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https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/sites/www.un.org.development.desa.p d/files/undesa_pd_2020_pf_government_policies_population_ageing.pdf

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