第壹部分：單選題（占 72 分）
一、詞彙題（占 15 分）
說明︰第 題至第 題，每題有 4 個選項，其中只有一個是正確或最適當的選項，請畫記在 答案卡之「選擇題答案區」。各題答對者，得 1 分；答錯、未作答或畫記多於一個選 項者，該題以零分計算。
Drastic climate change has made it difficult even for the weather bureau to
what the weather will be like in an hour.
persist predict project persuade
答案：
解析：氣候變化劇烈，甚至連氣象局都難以預測一小時後的天氣狀況。
堅持 預測 投影 說服
It is no use what you did or didn’t do in the past. A more positive way is to treasure and
make the best use of the present, which forms your future.regretting destroying accusing defeating
答案：
解析：後悔自己過去做過或沒做過的事並無益處。更積極的作法，是珍惜、善用現在，而現在構成未來。
後悔 破壞 控訴 擊敗
Walking down the street, Bruce was hit by a drunk driver and fell immediately. He didn’t
wake up until two days later.uniform unexpected unpleasant unconscious
答案：
解析：布魯斯走在街上，被一位酒駕駕駛撞倒，立刻倒下不省人事，直到兩天後才甦醒。
一致的 出乎意料的 令人不快的 昏迷不醒的
The government, in order to boost economy, is making efforts to enlarge international as well as trade.
domestic medical prosperous fertile
答案：
解析：政府為了振興經濟，正努力擴大國際及國內貿易。
國內的 醫學的 興旺的 肥沃的
The super typhoon devastated this area and caused results, taking more than 6,000 lives
and leaving thousands homeless.catastrophic calligraphic constructive contemplative
答案：
解析：強烈颱風重創這地區，導致災難性的結果，造成六千多人死亡，數千人流離失所。
災難性的 書法的 有建設性的 沉思的
Ancient Chinese people emphasized the importance of . For example, the younger were
not allowed to argue or disagree with the elder.harmony device wealth obedience
答案：
解析：從前的中國人強調服從的重要性，例如，晚輩不准與長輩爭論或意見相左。
和諧 裝置 財富 服從
This diet claims to toxins from the body, thus achieving some kind of cleansing effect.
illuminate eliminate demonstrate originate
答案：
解析：這種飲食方式聲稱能排除體內毒素，因此達成某種淨化效果。
照亮 排除 證實 起源於
After the explosion caused by colored powder at a color-themed party, the Taiwanese government
has officially any event from using this kind of ingredient.promoted resented submitted banned
答案：
解析：在彩色主題派對彩粉爆炸之後，臺灣政府已明令禁止公開活動使用這種材料。
促進 厭惡 提交 禁止
There lived an old man by the river. He was always dressed in black and never stepped
out of his house in the daytime.eloquent enthusiastic essential eccentric
答案：
解析：河岸邊住著一位古怪的老人，他總是穿著黑衣而且從不在白天出門。
雄辯的 熱衷的 基本的 古怪的
In Asia, hundreds of people have MERS, a new flu-like virus, which is possibly spread in
droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes.concluded contracted contained concentrated
答案：
解析：在亞洲有數百人感染 MERS 這種類流感病毒，其極有可能藉由病患咳嗽或打噴嚏的飛沫途徑傳染。
下結論 感染 包括 專注，集中
At President Obama’s inaugural ball, Michelle Obama’s beautiful, white gown designed by Chinese designer Jason Wu received loud .
identity criticism sentiment applause
答案：
解析：在歐巴馬總統就職晚宴上，蜜雪兒夫人所穿由吳季剛設計的美麗白色晚禮服備受好評。
身分 批評 感傷 喝采，好評
Many foreigners may be by night market snacks made with organs or blood of fierce
animals like bears or snakes.appreciated disgusted overwhelmed energized
答案：
解析：夜市中那些拿猛獸如熊或蛇的內臟及血做成的小吃很容易讓外國人覺得作噁。
欣賞 噁心 壓倒，壓制 使…精力充沛
＊外國人目睹將內臟做成食物覺得不舒服，而非有情緒困擾，故最佳答案是 。
Most people cannot do without the Internet, and some websites like Facebook, Instagram or Twitter are to their social life.
grateful prior indispensable inclined
答案：
解析： 許多人不能沒有網路，而一些知名社群網站如 Facebook（臉書）、Instagram（即時拍）或 Twitter（推特）對他們的社交生活來說是不可或缺的。
感謝的 優先的 不可或缺的 有…傾向的，傾斜的
To solve the energy crisis, lots of efforts and money have gone into the research of a(n) to
fossil fuel; bio-fuel is the best example.transportation alternative measure adaptation
答案：
解析：為了解決能源危機，許多心力和金錢已投注在石化燃料替代品的研究上，生質燃料即是最佳範例。
交通（工具） 替代品 措施 適應，改寫
Although people like to think they judge people in a rational way, it turns out that they are often
influenced by looks.acceptable significant superficial internal
答案：
解析：雖然人們總喜歡說自己是理性地評價他人，但結果往往是表面的樣貌影響了他們的看法。
可接受的 重要的 表面的 內在的
二、綜合測驗（占 15 分）
說明︰第 題至第 題，每題一個空格，請依文意選出最適當的一個選項，請畫記在答案卡 之「選擇題答案區」。各題答對者，得 1 分；答錯、未作答或畫記多於一個選項者，
該題以零分計算。
As the aging population increases rapidly, Pepper, the world’s first humanoid robot, is created to improve the household elderly care. The robot comes with an artificial intelligence system which allows him to analyze gestures, expressions and voice tones. But , he interacts with elderly people to make them happy. With built-in cameras, touch sensors, and other sensors in his “multi-layer neural network,” Pepper has the ability to read human emotions and then develop his own. He is not so much a work robot as an emotional for people.
Pepper develops his own emotions under the influence of people’s facial expressions and words, and the surroundings. For example, Pepper is at ease when he is with people he knows, happy when and scared when the lights go down. Developers admit that the robot may make mistakes, but says Pepper is capable of learning and self-improvement. Pepper currently has the ability to speak English, French, Japanese and Spanish. In the next few months, there will be more language in its app store, which already has around 200 apps.
new-developing newly-developing new-developed newly-developed mostly most of all at most almost
consultant companion candidate contestant praises praising praise praised releases forms documents messages
答案： ； ； ； ； 解析：
有鑑於高齡人口快速增加，「陪寶」（暫譯）是世上首款仿人機器人，它是一款設計能改善家庭老人照護的 機器人。這款新開發的機器人配有人工智慧系統讓它能夠分析肢體語言、表情及語調。但更重要的是它會和老人 互動想辦法逗他們開心。藉著內建相機、觸控感應器及其他多層次神經網絡感應器，「陪寶」能解讀情緒及發展 自己的情緒。它並不是工作機器人，而是人類情感上的夥伴。
「陪寶」發展自我情感時會受到人類表情、話語及周遭事物的影響。例如當它和認識的人在一起時會很自 在，受到讚美時會開心，以及燈光熄滅時會害怕。開發人員坦誠機器人會出錯，但強調「陪寶」能學習及自我改 進。目前「陪寶」能說英文、法文、日文及西班牙文，建有約 200 個應用程式，在未來幾個月內，應用程式商店 會釋出更多國家語言版本。
(註)：Pepper 暫諧音譯為「陪寶」，是因為它是被開發來陪伴銀髮族的機器人 開發新的 新近開發中的 被開發成新的 新開發的
此題考複合形容詞，機器人是最近被開發成功，故選 。 大部分地，主要地 最重要的 至多 幾乎
此題考轉折詞及與 most 相關用法，根據上文承接語氣應選 。 顧問 夥伴 候選人 參賽者，角逐者
此題考字彙能力。根據上下文，答案選 。
讚美（單數動詞） 讚美（主動分詞） 讚美（原形動詞） 讚美（被動分詞）
此題考分詞構句中的動詞型態，根據上下文可推出機器人被讚美時會開心，故選 。 發行版本 形狀，外型 文件 訊息
根據上下文選出最適當的字，故答案為 。 重要字、詞與片語
humanoid adj. 仿人的，有人的特點的 household adj. 家務的，家常的
artificial intelligence noun phrase 人工智慧 analyze v. 分析 gesture n. 手勢，姿態 touch sensor n. 觸控感應器 multi-layer neural network noun phrase 多層次神經網絡 influence n. 影響 surroundings n. 周圍的事物
It can be so easy to ignore the suffering of the rest of the globe when life here in our country seems to get more difficult each day. We feel miserable high unemployment rate, poor economy, low wages and stress that seems to rule our lives. There is, , a world beyond ourselves and the problems of that world are far greater than we can perceive
－ refugee camps and the predicaments
there.Today, refugee camps are scattered across the globe, located in the war-torn Middle East, and famine- Africa. About 10 million people are living in these camps. They have no place to call home, and neither do they have an identity. Having gotten used to feeling displaced, they are some of the poorest people in the world. How terrible it must be to be uprooted from that you know and love, through no fault of your own?
Besides, horrible living conditions plague these refugee camps. Hunger, even starvation, is prevalent among refugees, as well as the spread of disease due to a lack of effective sanitation systems. What’s worse, some refugees are refused aid from their new countries. They are access to any humanitarian aid and live in extremely miserable conditions.
in the hope of in the face of in memory of in honor of besides otherwise contrarily however motivated inspired involved stricken these what all which dreaded granted denied extended
答案： ； ； ； ； 解析：
當國內民生似乎一天不如一天，我們很容易漠視世界各地受苦受難的情形。面對高失業率、景氣差、低薪資 和彷彿箝制我們生活的壓力時，我們會覺得悲慘；然而，還有一個不同於我們的世界，其中的苦難遠超過我們所 能感知：難民營以及其中的慘況。
今日，難民營散落世界各地，包括飽受戰爭摧殘的中東地區，以及饑荒肆虐的非洲。目前全世界有一千萬人 住在難民營，他們沒有家、沒有身分，長期流離失所，成為世上最貧窮的人類之一。試想，當你沒有做錯事，卻 被迫和你所熟知、所愛的事物完全割離，這會是多麼可怕的事？
此外，不堪的生活處境折磨著這些難民營。到處有人挨餓，甚至餓死，還有因為缺乏有效的公共衛生系統，
疾病到處擴散。更糟的是，有些難民新到的國度拒絕給予他們任何協助。他們得不到任何人道救援，生活在極為 悲慘的狀況。
希望… 面對… 為紀念某人… 為了向表達敬意、紀念 根據語意， 為正確答案。
前一句提及我們覺得自己的生活悲慘，這一句提到世界其他區的問題遠大於我們，所以前後兩句用 however（然而）轉折語氣來銜接。
積極的；有…動機的 be motivated to V 受到…靈感啟發的 be inspired to V 牽涉在內的、捲入其中的 be involved in＋O （構成複合詞）受…災的；患…病的；為…苦惱的
根據語意， 為正確答案。
此題緊接在介系詞 from 後面，所以是個名詞，而空格後的 that you know and love 是關係形容詞子句，修飾空 格這個名詞，因為在此關係代名詞是 that，所以這裡只能用四個選項中的 all，形成 all that＋S＋V 的名詞片 語。
frightening or worrying 嚇人的、令人擔心的；dread＋N / Ving 被同意、被允許 被拒絕；被否認 被延伸；被擴大∕建
根據語意， 為正確答案。
重要字、詞與片語
suffering n. 折磨；受難 unemployment rate noun phrase 失業率 rule v. 主宰，統治 perceive v. 理解，領悟 predicament n. 窘境，困局 war-torn adj. 飽受戰爭摧殘的 uproot v. 連根拔起，根除 plague v. 折磨 prevalent adj. 普遍的 humanitarian adj. 人道的
Scientists have unlocked one of the secrets as to how koalas stay cool and avoid dehydration in the intense heat of Australian summers. For decades, people thought the cuddly marsupials to trees simply because they were tired and wanted somewhere to nap. Researchers have now cast new light on the tree-hugging habits of the koala. They studied the behavior of 37 koalas on an island off the Melbourne coast, trying to identify koalas might survive higher temperatures brought by global warming. their amazement, the researchers found an obvious link between the temperatures and the koalas’ posture. They tended to sit upright in cool weather, hugging branches when it became warmer, and then wrapping themselves around the tree trunk when it got . With the water up from the ground, the trees could generally maintain a five-degree lower temperature than the air.
Furthermore, access to these trees could save about half the water a koala would need to keep cool on a hot day. Perhaps, the koala’s cooling technique could be one way for humans to survive increasingly hot summers.
stretched consumed exposed clung where what whether while
For By To At
comfortable dizzy cold hot sucked sucks sucking to suck
答案： ； ； ； ； 解析：
科學家已經解開無尾熊在澳洲夏天的酷熱中是如何消暑及預防脫水的祕密。數十年來，人們一直認為這可愛 的有袋動物只是因為疲倦或想要打盹而緊抱著樹。現在，研究人員對於無尾熊慣於抱樹的真正原因有了新發現。
他們對墨爾本外海小島上的 37 隻無尾熊做了研究，想看看牠們是否能捱過全球暖化所帶來的酷熱。令他們驚訝 的是，他們發現無尾熊的姿勢和氣溫有明顯的關係。無尾熊傾向在天氣涼爽時坐得挺直，天氣暖和時便抱著樹 幹，然後在天氣熱時，則全身緊抱樹幹。隨著水從地面被樹幹吸上來，樹幹約略可以維持比空氣低五度的低溫。
此外，有了這些樹可以讓無尾熊節省一半的身體水分來保持涼爽。也許，無尾熊的避暑之道能讓人類來參考，以 度過炎炎夏日。
伸展 消耗 曝露 緊貼
因為下文是說無尾熊疲倦及想睡覺，所以選 。 何處 什麼 是否 然而
此題的文意是想要辨明、釐清（identify）無尾熊是否能捱過酷熱，所以選 。
“To one’s amazement” 意指「令某人驚訝的是」，故選 。
這裡提到三種氣候條件時無尾熊的動作，分別是涼爽時坐得挺直、暖和時抱樹幹，故選 熱的時候，緊抱樹 幹。
with＋受詞＋受詞補語，附帶情況說明的用法，因為受詞 water 與動作 suck 是被動關係，故選 sucked，suck 的過去分詞。
重要字、詞與片語
dehydration n. 脫水 marsupial n. 有袋動物 cling to N v. 緊貼、附著 cast light on v. 闡明，使人更明白…
posture n. 站姿、坐姿 access to N n. 取得…的管道、途徑
三、文意選填（占
10分）
說明︰第 題至第 題，每題一個空格，請依文意在文章後所提供的 到 選項中分別選出 最適當者，並將其英文字母代號畫記在答案卡之「選擇題答案區」。各題答對者，得
1 分；答錯、未作答或畫記多於一個選項者，該題以零分計算。Imagine that before leaving your house to go somewhere, you carefully check all the light switches, them three times each. Then, outside your home, you lock and unlock the door until feeling it’s . Even though friends laugh at you for this, you can’t help repeat the same day-to-day routine. These ritualized actions may seem ridiculous, but for sufferers of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), they are unable to them and break free.
OCD is defined as an anxiety disorder. People who are diagnosed with OCD are of dealing with common worries and feel compelled to perform certain repetitive behaviors all the time to reduce their anxiety. For example, sufferers who have a constant of contamination might obsessively wash their hands or refuse to touch any public door handles. Compulsive checkers tend to repeatedly check things they with harm or danger. These uncontrollable actions severely with their daily life.
Common treatments for OCD include both behavioral therapies and medications. Mental- health professionals help OCD sufferers control their to engage in repeated actions. If that doesn’t work, medications such as antidepressants can help. It is possible to manage mild OCD and prevent it from getting . Most importantly, people with OCD should be treated with understanding, respect and tolerance, which can help them get along with their anxiety disorders.
urge secure flipping fear resist worse associate interfere incapable but
答案： ； ； ； ； ； ； ； ； ；
解析：
想像你離開家要前往某處前，小心翼翼地檢查所有燈光的開關，將它們反覆 開關三次。接著，出了家門 口，你鎖門、開門、再鎖門，直到你覺得家門是 安全的。即使朋友們因此嘲笑你，你無法克制自己 但重 複這類相同的日常活動。這些儀式般的動作看似荒謬，對強迫症（OCD）的患者來說，他們根本無法 克制和 擺脫這些行為。
強迫症被定義為一種焦慮失調症。被診斷患有強迫症的人 無法處理一般常見的焦慮，並迫不得已必須不 斷做某些反覆性的行為來減少他們的焦慮。例如， 恐懼汙染的患者可能會執著地不斷洗手，或是拒絕碰觸任 何公共場所的門把。強迫檢查者則會反覆檢查任何他們認為與傷害或危險 有關聯的事物。這些無法控制的動 作嚴重地 干擾患者的日常生活。
強迫症的普遍療法包含了行為治療以及藥物控制。心理專家幫助強迫症患者控制他們想從事重複性動作的 慾望衝動，如果那樣無效，像抗憂鬱劑等藥物也能派上用場。控制輕微的強迫症並預防其 惡化是有可能的。
最重要的是，強迫症患者應該被以體諒、尊重和包容來對待，這樣能幫助他們與他們的焦慮失調症共處。
詞彙選項：
urge n. 慾望衝動 secure adj. 安全的 flipping v. 開關 fear n. 恐懼 resist v. 克制，抵抗 worse adj. 更糟的 associate v. 有關聯 interfere v. 干擾 incapable adj. 沒有能力的
but conj. 但是
分詞構句，由 and you flip them three times each 轉變而來。
此處缺形容詞修飾，根據詞意選 。
“you can’t help but＋原形動詞” 為固定用法，意指「不得不…」。
be unable to 後面接原形動詞，根據詞意選 。 be incapable of 無法。
前面 constant 為形容詞，故得知此格需接名詞，根據詞意選 。 associate with sth 與…有關聯。
interfere with ... 干擾。
前面為所有格，故判斷 格接名詞，根據詞意選 。 連綴動詞 get 後面接形容詞，意指「變得…」。
四、閱讀測驗（占 32 分）
說明︰第 題至第 題，每題請分別根據各篇文章之文意選出最適當的一個選項，請畫記在 答案卡之「選擇題答案區」。各題答對者，得 2 分；答錯、未作答或畫記多於一個選 項者，該題以零分計算。
The body of the tiny 78-year-old woman was brought to a hillside at Western Carolina University still dressed in a blue hospital gown and yellow-green socks. She was laid on a bed of wood chips, and then more were heaped atop her. If all goes as hoped, the body will turn into compost.
It is a next step in the natural-burial movement. Even as more people choose to be wrapped in simple clot or biodegradable coffins, urban cemeteries continue to fill up. For the environmentally conscious, cremation, or the burning of bodies, is a problem, as it releases greenhouse gases.
Katrina Spade, a 37-year-old Seattle resident, has proposed the idea of human composting. The woman laid to rest in wood chips is a first step in testing how it would work. “Composting makes people think of decaying vegetables, banana peels or coffee grounds,” Ms. Spade said. But “our bodies have nutrients. What if we could grow new life after we’ve died?”
Scientists agree human bodies can be fertilizers. Already countless farms across the country compost the bodies of dead livestock. Some transportation departments compost roadkill. Lynne Carpenter-Boggs, a soil scientist at Washington State University, agrees to this proposal. The process is simple: Place dead bodies of animals inside a mound of wood chips and sawdust and add some moisture to it. Microbial activity will start the pile cooking. Bacteria then break down tissue into component parts, creating a soil-like substance. Temperatures reach around 60 degrees Celsius, often higher, and the heat kills common germs. There should be no smell. Bones also compost, but take longer than tissue.
What’s the main idea of the passage?
Where do the dead bodies go after the patients die in the hospital?
Scientists are experimenting with a greener way of disposing of dead bodies.
Scientists have discovered a new way of making compost with dead livestock.
Combining sawdust and tissue paper can create great fertilizers for the soil.
Why is the burning of dead bodies a problem to some environmentalists?
Because the urban cemeteries continue to fill up.
Because it follows the trend of the natural-burial movement.
Because it speeds up the process of global warming.
Because the smell of human composting may cause air pollution.
What does the phrase “grow new life” in the third paragraph most possibly mean?
Grow plants.
Discover new forms of life.
Return to life after death.
Give birth to babies.
Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
There are already countless farms adopting compost with human bodies.
The idea of human composting is first proposed by Dr. Lynne Carpenter-Boggs.
Temperatures usually go down during the process.
More and more people prefer a natural way of dealing with remains.
答案： ； ； ； 解析：
78 歲老婦小小的遺體被帶到西卡羅來納大學的一個山坡上，身上仍然穿著醫院的藍色病人服和黃綠色的襪 子。她被放置在木屑床上，接著又在她身上堆了更多木屑。如果一切順利 ，屍體將變成堆肥。
這是自然埋葬運動新的一步。儘管已有愈來愈多的人選擇以簡單屍布包裹或裝入可生物分解的棺材土葬，都 市墓園仍是一位難求。而對高環保意識者來說，火化也是個問題，因為它會釋放溫室氣體。
37 歲的西雅圖市居民卡翠娜．史貝德提出人體堆肥的點子。把前述這位婦人埋葬在木屑中，是測試這想法是
否行得通的第一步。史貝德說：「堆肥讓人聯想到腐敗中的蔬菜、香蕉皮或咖啡渣。」她說，但是「我們的身體 有養分。我們死後仍能讓新生命成長，難道不是件好事？」
科學家同意人類可做成堆肥。全美各地已有無數農場以死亡牲畜做成堆肥。有些交通部門會把路上撞死輾死 的動物做成堆肥。華盛頓州立大學土壤科學家林恩．卡本特─博格斯贊同這提案。過程很簡單：將死亡動物放置 到一堆木屑中和鋸屑中，再添加水分，微生物活動就會啟動這項堆肥發酵。細菌接著將組織分解，創造類似土壤 的物質。當溫度達到約攝氏 60 度，經常更高時，熱度即會殺死常見的病菌。它應該無異味。骨頭也會變成堆 肥，只是會比組織花更長的時間。
本文主旨是什麼？
醫院病人病逝後，遺體運去哪裡？
科學家正在實驗處理遺體更環保的方式。
科學家已找出用死掉牲畜堆肥的方式。
鋸屑摻混衛生紙能做出土壤的絕佳肥料。
（人體堆肥比火葬與土葬更為環保， 選項範圍太小）
為何環保人士認為火葬會是一個問題？
因為都市墓園人滿為患。
因為火葬符合自然埋葬運動的趨勢。
因為它使全球暖化日趨嚴重。
因為人體堆肥的臭味會造成空氣汙染。
（從第二段最後一句可以得知）
第三段的「長出新生命」最有可能是什麼意思？
種出植物。
發現新的物種。
死後重生。
生小孩。
（人體堆肥是為了解決遺體處理問題與成為肥料，故能種出新植物）
以下何者敘述正確？
已有無數的農地使用了人體堆肥。（應為牲畜屍體堆肥）
人體堆肥的概念首次由林恩．卡本特─博格博士提出。（應為西雅圖市居民卡翠娜．史貝德提出）
過程中溫度會下降。（應為溫度上升）
愈來愈多人會選擇天然的遺體處理方式。
重要字、詞與片語
compost n. 堆肥 biodegradable adj. 生物可分解的 coffin n. 棺木 cemetery n. 墓地、公墓
cremation n. 火葬 fertilizer n. 肥料 roadkill n. 被撞死的人或動物 moisture n. 水分 tissue n. 組織
Horace Pippin (1888-1946) is one of the greatest self-taught painters in the history of American paintings. Born into a poor family with a former black slave grandfather and a sick mother, Pippin barely received any education in art. Yet, this couldn’t stop the genius from pursuing his life-time
interest. At only 10, he won himself the first box of crayons in his life by answering one magazine advertisement, which showed his talent as a painter at an early age.
At 29, Pippin joined the army and fought courageously in World War I. However, he had his right arm crippled in the war. Instead of mourning over his misfortune, Pippin tried different ways and discovered that by keeping his right wrist steady with his left hand, he could still paint and draw.
Pippin was not trained, but his intuitive feel for two-dimensional design and the arrangement of color and patterns made him one of the finest primitive artists in American history.
Pippin did a series of paintings on war experiences, but he avoided social issues. He achieved his greatest success with scenes of the people and places of his hometown of West Chester, Pennsylvania. His Domino Players, featuring four women gathered around a wooden table in a simple kitchen setting, is an excellent example of his rural domestic scenes.
Today, critics point out that Pippin’s success lies not in his status as a self-taught artist, but in his vivid depiction of African American life and the horrors of war from their perspectives. He was the first African American artist to express his concerns about war and life.
Which of the following best describes Horace Pippin’s background?
His family fully supported him to develop his interests.
His family was strict on him and sent him to the army.
His grandfather was poor in health due to the hard labor as a slave.
With limited painting tools, Pippin still developed a love for creating art.
Which is true about Pippin’s painting career and his works?
He devoted himself to painting all his life.
He was well-known for his two-dimensional primitive paintings.
He completed his artistic training during World War I.
Domino Players addresses the social issue of gender equality.
Who does “their” in the fourth paragraph most likely refer to?
Black people.
Pippin’s family.
The critics.
The soldiers.
The author includes the information of Pippin’s disabled arm . because violence was a major theme in his paintings
to provide an example of a rural domestic scene to show that he succeeded in spite of a handicap to classify him as a primitive artist
答案： ； ； ； 解析：
霍里斯．皮平在美國繪畫史上是最偉大的無師自通畫家之一。出生於貧困家庭，祖父之前是個黑奴，媽媽則 臥病在床，皮平幾乎沒有受過任何藝術教育，但這卻無法阻止這位天才追尋他一輩子的興趣。年僅十歲便投稿雜 誌廣告入選，為自己贏得人生的第一盒蠟筆，這也顯示出他早年便有成為畫家的潛力。
第一次世界大戰，29 歲的皮平加入軍隊並英勇作戰。然而，戰火中他的右臂成了殘廢。皮平沒有自怨自艾，
反而嘗試各種方法，找出用左手支撐右手腕來作畫的獨特方式。皮平沒有學過作畫，但他對於平面設計的直覺與 對色彩、圖案的排列使他成為美國史上最傑出的原始主義畫家之一。
皮平針對戰爭主題有一系列的畫作，但他迴避社會議題。他最成功之處在於對家鄉賓州．西卻斯特的人、
景、物的生動描繪。他的畫作〈骨牌玩家〉呈現出簡單廚房中四位女子圍坐木製餐桌的畫面，便是一個成功捕捉 鄉村家庭景象的例子。
今日，評論家指出皮平偉大之處，不在於他的無師自通，而是他能生動描繪黑人家庭生活，更能從他們的觀 點出發，表達出他們對戰爭的恐懼。他是第一位對戰爭與生活表現關懷的非裔美國畫家。
下列何者最能描述霍里斯．皮平的背景？
他的家人充分支持他發展興趣。（第一段第二句提到他幾乎沒有受過藝術教育）
他的家人對他很嚴格，並送他入伍。（未提到）
他的祖父身為黑奴勞動導致健康欠佳。（應該是媽媽身體不好）
憑藉著有限的畫具，皮平仍熱愛藝術創作。
（第一段三四句提到他為自己贏得人生第一盒蠟筆）
下列有關皮平職涯與作品何者正確？
他一輩子都奉獻於繪畫創作。（第二段第一句提到他入伍從戎，並在戰火中造成右臂癱瘓）
他以他平面的原始派畫作聞名。（第二段第四句）
他在第一次世界大戰中完成了美術教育。（未提到）
〈骨牌玩家〉探討兩性平等的社會議題。（第三段第一句提到他迴避社會議題。）
第四段的 “their” 最有可能指稱誰？
黑人 皮平的家人 評論家 士兵
作者刻意指出皮平右臂殘廢可能是 。
因為暴力是他畫作中的主題。（皮平畫作主題為黑人家庭生活與對戰爭的恐懼）
為了要舉出鄉村家庭景象的例子。（應以〈骨牌玩家〉舉例）
為了顯示出儘管殘廢，皮平仍努力成功。（呼應第一段儘管面臨困境，天才仍勇敢追夢。）
為了將他分類為原始派畫家。（未提到）
重要字、詞與片語
courageously adv. 勇敢地 crippled adj. 殘廢的 mourn over N 為…哀悼、痛哭
intuitive adj. 直覺的、有直覺力的 two-dimensional adj. 2D 的，平面的 arrangement n. 排列 primitive adj. 原始的（原始主義派的） domestic adj. 國內的、家裡的 perspective n. 觀點、看法
When it comes to acquiring a new skill, people always associate it with a decrease in the need for effortful control over performance, leading to the development of automaticity. Automaticity, by definition, has been achieved when a person can perform a primary task is without being affected by
other ongoing ones. When referring to automaticity, people often say they can do the task “on auto-pilot” or “in my sleep.”
Examples of automaticity are common activities such as walking, speaking, bicycle riding, and driving a car. Try to remember your first few driving lessons. Can you recall how hard you had to concentrate on what to do when trying to prevent the car from wrapping itself around the nearest tree?
Besides, you had to think about when to use the mirror, where the indicator is, how to coordinate your feet with your hands when changing gear, and so on. But the more you practiced, the more automatic your driving became, until you could eventually drive without thinking about it.
Any person, who speaks a language that he knows well does not concentrate on vocabulary, or on sentence structure, or on grammar. His mind is focused on what he wants to say. As explained in the Journal of Learning Disabilities, “if the skill on the primary task is automatized, it will not be disrupted by concurrent processing on the secondary task because automatic processing does not take up attentional resources.”
If, on the contrary, the skill is not automatized, it will be disrupted by concurrent processing of a second skill because two skills are then competing for limited attentional resources. Therefore, when a person attempts to speak a language in which he has not become automatic yet, he will necessarily have to divide his attention between the content of his message and the language itself. He will therefore speak haltingly and with great difficulty.
So how is automaticity accomplished? It is usually the result of learning, repetition, and practice.
The main process by which we develop automaticity is called overlearning (also called overtraining).
Overlearning is a pedagogical concept. According to the concept, newly acquired skills should be practiced until automaticity is achieved. It is a frequently used tool by people who make speeches, or who must perform in any way to an audience, such as actors, dancers, and musicians, who may actually improve their performance by continuing to practice beyond initial memorization of lines, steps or moves, or musical notes.
What is the main purpose of this passage?
To make sure what automaticity is and is not.
To teach how to achieve automaticity.
To give examples of the development of automaticity.
To explain what automaticity is.
Which of the following activities is NOT included in the discussion of automaticity?
Mastering a language.
Riding a bicycle.
Learning a sentence structure.
Walking.
According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE about “automaticity”?
Achieving automaticity means doing something without conscious efforts.
The automaticity of activities such as walking, speaking, and driving a car is hard to achieve.
Any person who speaks a language very well achieves automaticity without overlearning.
Automaticity results in learning, repetition, and practice.
Which of the following words cannot be associated with “automaticity”?
Spontaneous. Mindful. Involuntary. Regulatory.
答案： ； ； ； 解析：
提到習得新技能，人們通常會聯想到不必太費力控制表現，以及發展出自動化的行為。定義上，當主要任務 的表現不大會受到其他進行中的任務所影響，這項任務便已達成自動化。人們在提到自動化時，通常說他們「自 動」或「睡著」都能做這件事。
自動化的例子包括走路、講話、騎腳踏車、開車等常見的活動。試著回想你最初上的那幾堂駕駛課。你必須 全神貫注於該做什麼，才能避免車子在最近的那棵樹周圍打轉！你必須思考何時看照後鏡、指示燈在哪裡、換檔 時如何協調手腳，諸如此類。可是你愈常練習，開車就變得愈來愈自動化，終至你不用思考就能開車。
任何講自己很熟悉的語言的人，都不必專心思考字彙、句構或文法。他的心思專注於自己想說的內容。如
《學習障礙期刊》解釋：「如果主要任務的技能已自動化，就不會受到同時進行的次要任務所打斷，因為自動化 過程並不會占用注意力資源。」
反之，倘若這項技能並未自動化，就會受到同時進行的第二技能所打斷，因為此時兩項技能同時爭奪有限的 注意力資源。因此，當某人在試圖用自己尚未達成自動化的語言說話時，他的注意力勢必將切割給訊息內容和語 言本身，因此講話吞吞吐吐或有口難言。
那麼，自動化是如何達成的？自動化通常是學習、重複與練習的結果。發展自動化的主要過程被稱為過度學 習（亦稱為過度訓練）。過度學習是一種教學上的概念，根據這種概念，新習得的技能應該充分練習至達成自動 化為止。自動化是演說家或必須在觀眾面前演出者—例如演員、舞者、音樂家—常用的一項工具。這類人士 透過持續練習至不再只是熟記臺詞、舞步或動作、或音符時，便可能真的改善自己的演出。
本文主旨為何？
確定什麼是自動化，什麼又不是自動化。
教導如何達成自動化。
舉例說明自動化的發展。
解釋何謂自動化。
（本文第一段提及自動化的定義，第二段舉例說明，第三段說明自動化的特色並舉語言為例說明，第四段提 出若未達成自動化的結果並舉例說明，最後一段說明自動化的過程及需要自動化的對象。因此全文都在解釋 何謂自動化）
以下活動哪項並不包含在文中自動化的討論中？
精熟語言。
騎腳踏車。
學習句子結構。
走路。
（文中提到達成自動化者不必思考句子結構，並未提到學習）
根據本文，關於「自動化」的敘述以下何者正確？
達成自動化意味著不必刻意努力做某件事。（第一段第一、二句即提到這一點）
諸如走路、說話、開車等活動的自動化很難達成。（第一段最後一句提到，達成自動化的行為很容易做到
）
任何某種語言說得很好的人，不必過度學習就能達成自動化。（最後一段提到，過度學習為發展自動化 的主要過程，而第三段提到語言流利是一種自動化的行為）
自動化導致學習、重複和練習。（是學習、重複、練習才能導致自動化）
以下哪個字與「自動化」無關？
自動自發的。
意識、注意到的。
不由自主的。
自動調整的。
（根據第四段對自動化的解釋，未達成自動化的行為才需要分散注意力去執行）
重要字、詞與片語
acquisition n. 獲得、習得 effortful adj. 費力的 automaticity n. 自動化 minimally adv. 極少、極小地 auto-pilot n. 自動駕駛儀 wrap ... around 用…圍繞、纏繞 automatize vt. 使自動化
disrupt vt. 使中斷、打斷 concurrent adj. 同時發生的 processing n. 過程 attentional adj. 與注意力有關的
haltingly adv. 斷斷續續、結結巴巴地 pedagogical adj. 教學的
Last month, Ms. Brown instructed us to perform three experiments. Before this, she wanted us to soak an egg in vinegar beforehand at home. She also asked us to prepare the following materials: a paintbrush, some lemon juice or milk, a candle, a mixing bowl, and one cup of corn starch. We were all so excited and looked forward to it.
The day finally came when we would find out what the egg had become. Guess what? The egg shell disappeared! The egg became a kind of orange rubber ball, fragile but squeezy. We could even see the yolk floating in it! Then we started to conduct two experiments. First we dipped our paintbrush into lemon juice and wrote on a piece of paper. While waiting for it to dry, we poured corn starch into a bowl and mixed it with water. Something amazing happened! The corn starch and water mixture turned into a kind of gooey emulsion. Playing with this weird mixture, sometimes liquid and sometimes solid, we were no longer teenagers but childish kids, taking pleasure in this quicksandy combination.
Meanwhile the lemon juice on the paper was dried. It became invisible writing! We baked it on the candle fire. After a few minutes, the secret message showed up, with the color changing to brown.
Some folks even burned their paper, so there were shouts and laughter all around the room. We had such a great time and an unforgettable experience on that day.
Later Ms. Brown told us the chemical reactions behind these experiments. First, the hard shell of
an egg is made of a material called “carbonate,” which can be converted into carbon dioxide when they come into contact with acids. Vinegar is an acid, and it converts the carbonate in the egg’s shell to molecules of carbon dioxide gas. Second, both lemon juice and milk are mildly acidic and acid weakens paper. When the paper is held near heat, the acidic parts of it burn or turn brown before the rest of the paper does. As for corn starch, it doesn’t really dissolve the way sugar or salt does. Its particles stay separate from the water but mixed in. Pick it up and squeeze out the water － it’s dry;
let it drip, it’s wet. A very quaky substance, isn’t it?
I really feel like thanking Ms. Brown for being so creative and giving us such a wonderful experience!
What may the narrator in this passage be?
A professor. A student. A journalist. An astronaut.
Which of the following two words are similar in meaning?
mixture; combination quicksandy; squeezy invisible; secret material; experiment
Based on the passage, in which of the following liquids does the shell of an egg disappear?
Milk. Vinegar. Syrup. Salty water.
Which of the following statements is true?
The speaker thinks the corn starch mixture is disgusting.
Corn starch doesn’t mix in water.
When baked on fire, the message written with lemon juice will disappear.
The egg shell will be turned into gas when soaked in acidic solution.
答案： ； ； ； 解析：
上個月，布朗老師吩咐我們做三項實驗。在這之前，她要我們事先在家把一顆蛋泡在醋裡。她也要我們準備 以下材料：畫筆、檸檬汁或牛奶、蠟燭、攪拌碗及玉米粉。我們既興奮又期待。
終於到了我們發現那顆蛋變怎樣的那一天。你猜怎麼著？蛋殼不見了！那顆蛋變成一種橘色塑膠球，脆弱卻 有彈性。我們甚至看得到蛋黃漂浮在裡面！然後我們開始進行兩項實驗。首先我們用畫筆沾檸檬汁，然後在紙上 寫字。在等檸檬汁乾的時間，我們把玉米粉倒進碗裡，再加水攪拌。神奇的事發生了！玉米粉和水的混合物變成 某種黏糊的乳狀物。玩著這有時液體、有時固體的怪異混和物，我們不再是青少年，而是童心未泯的孩子，開心 地玩著這流沙似的混合物。
同時，紙上的檸檬汁乾了，字隱形了！我們把紙拿到燭火上烘烤，幾分鐘後，祕密訊息出現了，顏色變成褐 色。有些人的紙甚至著火了，因此室內叫聲、笑聲此起彼落。那天我們好開心，也得到了一次難忘的經驗。
之後布朗老師告訴我們這些實驗背後的化學作用。首先，堅硬的蛋殼是由一種叫做「碳酸鹽」的物質所組成 的，當碳酸鹽接觸到酸，便可轉化為二氧化碳。醋是一種酸，把蛋殼的碳酸鹽轉化為二氧化碳氣體分子。第二，
檸檬汁和牛奶兩者都是微酸性，而酸能腐蝕紙張。當紙接近火源時，紙上含酸的部分會比其他部分先燃燒或變成 褐色。至於玉米粉，它並不像糖或鹽那樣溶解。玉米粉顆粒不溶於水，卻會與水融合在一起。撈起玉米粉，把水 擠出來，玉米粉就變乾了；讓玉米粉流下來，它就是溼的。真是一種會晃動的物質，對吧？
我真想謝謝布朗老師，謝謝她這麼有創意，給了我們這麼棒的一次經驗。
本文敘述者的身分可能為何？
教授 學生 記者 太空人
（根據本文，作者為必須聽從布朗老師指示行事的人，因此可能為學生）
以下哪兩個字為同義字？
混合物，混合物 流沙似的，有彈性的 隱形的，祕密的 物質，實驗
（參考出現這些字詞的前後文即可判斷）
蛋殼在以下哪個液體中會消失不見？
牛奶。
醋。
糖水。
鹽水。
（根據第一、二段，可知泡過醋的蛋殼會消失不見）
以下敘述何者正確？
敘述者認為玉米粉混合物很噁心。（文中提到玉米粉為黏糊、怪異的乳狀物，但未提及噁心與否，故不 正確）
玉米粉不會和水混合在一起。（文章第四段倒數第二句提到：... corn starch ... Its particles stay separate
from
the water but mixed in.，故得知玉米粉不溶於水，卻會與水混合在一起）
用檸檬汁寫的訊息在火上烘烤時會消失。（根據第三段，可知火烤後用檸檬汁寫的訊息會出現）
蛋殼泡在酸性溶液裡會變成氣體。（根據第四段說明，蛋殼泡在酸性溶液中會變成二氧化碳氣體）
重要字、詞與片語
starch n. 澱粉 gooey adj. 軟而黏的 emulsion n. 乳狀液 take pleasure in 從…得到樂趣
carbonate n. 碳酸鹽 convert vt. 使轉變、轉化 carbon n. 碳 dioxide n. 二氧化物 molecule n. 分子 particle n. 顆粒 squeeze vt. 擠壓 quaky adj. 搖晃的 solution n. 解決方式、溶液
第貳部分：非選擇題（占 28 分）
說明：本部分共有二題，請依各題指示作答，答案必須寫在「答案卷」上，並標明大題 號
（一、二）。作答務必使用筆尖較粗之黑色墨水的筆書寫，且不得使用鉛筆。
一、中譯英（占
8分）
說明： 請將以下中文句子譯成正確、通順、達意的英文，並將答案寫在「答案卷」上。
請依序作答，並標明子題號（1、2）。每題 4 分，共 8 分。
近十年來，出國自助旅行已在年輕人間蔚為風潮。
答案： the , has among 評分重點
近十年來 during / in / over / for the past / last / recent decade / ten years（句子要用現在完成式）
出國自助旅行 traveling by oneself / backpacking abroad / overseas / in a foreign country / in foreign countries 年輕人 young people / young adults / the young / youngsters
蔚為風潮 be / become trendy / a(n) (unmistakable) trend / a fashion take sb by storm
be / come into fashion be all the rage
be / become popular with sb（注意是否用現在完成式）
自助旅行除了可增廣見聞，還可增強策劃能力。
答案： can broaden horizons, but (also) 評分重點
增廣見聞 broaden sb’s horizons（horizons 是否加 s）
除了…還可 not only / merely / just ... but (also) / but ... as well
二、英文作文（占 20 分）
說明： 依提示在「答案卷」上寫一篇英文作文。
文長至少 120 個單詞（words）。
提示：臺灣社會進步至今日，幾乎人人享有衣食無缺的生活，但青少年傷害罪卻反增無減，甚 至在臺北捷運曾經發生青少年對路人隨機殺害（random killing）案件。你對青少年無故 殺害他人的看法為何？文分兩段，第一段說明此現象在臺灣的情況與成因，第二段則闡 述應該如何因應。
答案：
With the standard of living significantly improved in recent decades, the number of youth crimes has, however, risen alarmingly. There have been cases of teenagers killing passers-by randomly. For example, the “thrill killing,” motivated by the sheer excitement of killing, at MRT caused island-wide panic. Some adolescents may kill because they are chronically aggressive, cold and unfeeling. Others kill because they have been traumatized. Deprived of love or gratification, they feel justified while resorting to violence. These killings have disturbed not only the social order but also everyday life of every single person in Taiwan.
How do we cope with teen killings? The government should strengthen the security alarm system in public places, and everyone should be alert to potential dangers. For example, the government can install more alarm bells in public transportation system, and we should not fix our eyes on our cell phone screens all the time when taking MRT. Besides, parents should care for their children and guide them, especially when they face various interpersonal problems and conflicts in life because wrong values and beliefs also contribute to violence. What’s more, if teenagers are addicted to video games, they might develop a greater tolerance of blood, extreme violence and killing, making it seem like “not a big deal” in reality. So parents should avoid teenage addiction to video games as well. Most important of all, we should not
be indifferent to people who might need our support and care. Talk to the depressed and offer proper help to make them feel cared and loved rather than alienated. Thus, teenagers won’t turn into murderers, and we will have a better, safer society.
