الفرد الديستوبي وتمزق الهوية في مسرح سعد اهلل ونوس

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E-ISSN: 2958-2318/ ISSN 2958-230X

199

ﺩ ،ﺱﻮﻧﻭ ﻟﻠﻪﺍ ﺪﻌﺳ ﺡﺮﺴﻣ ﰲ ﺔﻳﻮﳍﺍ ﻕﺰﲤﻭ ﰊﻮﺘﺴﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺳﺍﺭ

ﺎﻘﻣ ﺔ ﺔﻧﺭ

THE DYSTOPIAN INDIVIDUAL AND THE RUPTURE OF IDENTITY IN SAADALLAH WANNOUS THEATRE, A

COMPARATIVE STUDY¹

ﻲﺟﺎﻔﳋﺍ ﻞﻴﻠﺧ ﻡﺎﺴﺑ

Bassam Khaleel Alkhafagy,

ﻥﺎﻤﻋ ،ﺱﻮﺑﺎﻗ ﻥﺎﻄﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ

Sultan Qaboos University, Sultanate of Oman

ﻲﻠﻠﻘﻟﺍ ﺩﻮﻤﳏ ﺱﻭﺮﳏ

Mahros Mahmoud Alqoulali

ﻥﺎﻤﻋ ،ﺱﻮﺑﺎﻗ ﻥﺎﻄﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ

Sultan Qaboos University, Sultanate of Oman

ﳌﺍ ﺺﺨﻠ :

ﺪﻗﻭ ،ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﱪﻋ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﺎﻬﺳﺭﺎﻣ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻃﺎﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﻕﺮﻋﺃ ﻦﻣ ﺡﺮﺴﳌﺍ ﺪﻌﻳ ﻮﻟﺍ ُﰿﺎﻌﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺹﻮﺼﻨﻟﺍ ﺕَﺮَﺒَﻋ ﺔﻴﺑﺩﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻓﺍﺮﻐﳉﺍ َﺩﻭﺪﺣ ﻪﺗﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣﻭ ﱐﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ َﻊﻗﺍ

.ﺔﻴﳌﺎﻌﻟﺍ ) ﺱﻮّﻧﻭ ﻟﻠﻪﺍ ﺪﻌﺳ" ﺡﺮﺴﻣ ﰲ ﻉﻮﻨﺘﺗﻭ ﻝﺎﻜﺷﻷﺍ ﺩﺪﻌﺘﺗﻭ 1941

- 1997 :"(

،ﺓﺎﻴﳊﺍ ﰲ ﻕﺪﲢ ﺍﺯﻭﺪﻴﻣ" ﺔﻴﺣﺮﺴﻣ ﰲ ﻲﻜﻴﺳﻼﻜﻟﺍ ﻪﻨﻤﻓ 1964

ﰲ ﻲﻤﺤﻠﳌﺍﻭ ،"

،ﺮﺑﺎﺟ ﻙﻮﻠﻤﳌﺍ ﺱﺃﺭ ﺓﺮﻣﺎﻐﻣ" ﺔﻴﺣﺮﺴﻣ 1971

."

ﻭ ﺎﻴﺑﻮﺘﺴﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﻞﺜﻤُﺗ

"

Dystopia

"

ﺔﻳﻮﳍﺍ ﻕﺰﲤ" ﺔﻤﻴﺗ ﻰﻗﻼﺘﺗﻭ .ﺱﻮﻧﻭ ﻟﻠﻪﺍ ﺪﻌﺳ ﺡﺮﺴﻣ ءﺎﻨﺑ ﰲ ﻞﻜﺸﺘﺗ ﺔﻴﻋﺍﻭ "ًﺔﻤﻴﺗ"

ﻦﻣ ﺍﺬﻫﻭ ،ﻲﳌﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺡﺮﺴﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻋﻮﻨﺘﻣ "ﺔﻴﺗﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ" ٍﻝﻮﺻﺃ ﻊﻣ ﻪﺣﺮﺴﻣ ﰲ "ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻲﻗﻼﺘﻟﺍ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻦﻋ ﱂﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺓﺪﺣﻭ ﻖﻠﺧ ﺪﻴﻌﻳ ﻥﺃ ﻪﻧﺄﺷ ،ﺔﻴﳌﺎﻋ ﺹﻮﺼﻧ ﻊﻣ ﱐﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ

(1) Article received: November 2022, article accepted: December 2022.

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ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﻝﺎﺜﳌﺍ ﻞﻴﺒﺳ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻴﻟﺍ ﺲﻴﻠﻘﻓﻮﺳ :

ﱐﺎﻧﻮ Sophocles )

496 - 405 ﻚﻳﺮﻨﻫﻭ (

ﻲﳚﻭﺮﻨﻟﺍ ﻦﺴﺑﺇ

Henrik Ibsen

) 1828 - 1906 ﻱﺪﻨﻟﺮﻳﻹﺍ ﻮﺷ ﺩﺭﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺝﺭﻮﺟﻭ (

George Bernard Shaw

) 1856 - 1950 ﻮﻜﺴﻧﻮﻳ ﲔﺟﻮﻳﻭ ( ﻲﺴﻧﺮﻔﻟﺍ

Eugène Ionesco

) 1909 - 1994 .ﱁﺇ...(

ﻕﺰﲤ" ﺕﻼّﺜﲤ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺓﺮﻜﻓ ﰿﺎﻌﺗ

ﻮﻧﻭ ﻟﻠﻪﺍ ﺪﻌﺳ ﺡﺮﺴﻣ ﰲ "ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﺔﻳﻮﳍﺍ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻥﺭﺎﻘﳌﺍ ﰐﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﳌﺍ ﻖﻓﻭ ﺱ

ﺪﻨﻋ ﻒﻗﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﺩ ﺕﺎﻋﻮﻤﳎ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻴﺑﺩﻷﺍ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﻒﻴﻨﺼﺗ ﺢﻴﺘﻳ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻱﺄﺑ ﻲﻔﺘﳛ"

ﻻﻭﺃ :ﱃﺇ ﲔﻠﻣﺎﻜﺘﻣ ﻦﻳءﺍﺮﺟﺇ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻑﺪﻬﻳﻭ ."ﺕﺎﻴﻣﻮﻘﻟﺍ -

ٍءﺍﺮﻘﺘﺳﺍ

ﺮﺧﻵﺍﻭ ،ﺱﻮّﻧﻭ ﺡﺮﺴﻣ ﰲ "ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﺔﻳﻮﳍﺍ ﻕﺰﲤ" ﺔﻤﻴﺘﻟ ﰐﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ -

ﺓﺍﺯﺍﻮﻣ ﰲ ﻥﻮﻜﻳﻭ

ﻹﺍ ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ءﺍﺮﺟ -

ﺔﺻﺎﲞﻭ ،ﻲﳌﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺡﺮﺴﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺎﻬﺴﻔﻧ ﺔﻤﻴﺘﻟﺍ ﻝﻮﺻﺃ ﻦﻋ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻞﺜﻤﺘﻳ

.ﺔﻴﺑﻮﺘﺴﻳﺩ" ﺕﻼﺜﲤ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻠﻤﲢ ﺎﲟ ،ﺎﻴﳌﺎﻋ ﰊﺩﻷﺍ ﻉﻮﻨﻠﻟ ﻻﻮﺻﺃ ﺪﻌُﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺹﻮﺼﻨﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺕﻻﺩﺎﺒﳌﺍ ِﺔﻓﺎﺜﻜﺑ ﻭﺃ ﺮّﺛﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﻢﺠﲝ ﻂﻘﻓ ﺲﻴﻟ ،ﻲﻋﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻮﻜﻧ ﻥﺃ ﱃﺇ ﻚﻟﺬﻛ ﻑﺪ�ﻭ ﺓﺭﻭﺮﻀﺑ ﻞﺑ ،ﺎﻬﻳﺯﺍﻮﺗﻭ ،ﺔﻳﺮﻜﻔﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺍﺪﻴﻌﺑ ﺔﻴﺑﺩﻷﺍ ﺹﻮﺼﻨﻠﻟ ﺮﺷﺎﺒﳌﺍ ﻱﺪﻘﻨﻟﺍ ﻞﻳﻭﺄﺘﻟﺍ

ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺗﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﺔﻳﺅﺮﻟﺍ ﻪﺿﺮﻔﺗ ﺎﻣ ﺍﺬﻫﻭ ،ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻠﻟ ﱴﺣ ﻭﺃ ،ﲔﻔﻟﺆﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻋﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﺪﺻﺎﻘﳌﺍ .ﻥﺭﺎﻘﳌﺍ ﰊﺩﻷﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ

Abstract:

Theater is one of the most ancient human activities practiced by man throughout history, and texts dealing with human reality and its topics have crossed the boundaries of global literary geography. There are many and varied forms in the theater

"Saad Allah Wannous" (1941-1997): the classic play "Medusa stares at life", 1964, and the epic play "The Adventure of Ras Al Mamluk Jaber, 1971". Dystopia is a conscious "theme" that is formed in the construction of Saadallah Wannous Theater.

The theme of “the rupture of human identity” in his theater converges with various “thematic” origins in the world theater, and this would re-create the unity of the world through that human encounter with global texts, including by: the Greek

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Sophocles (496-405) and the Norwegian Henrik Ibsen (1828- 1906), Irish George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950), French ذEugene Ionesco (1909-1994)...etc. The idea of the research deals with the representations of “the rupture of human identity” in Saadallah Wannous Theater according to the comparative thematic approach, which “celebrates any topic that allows the classification of literary works into groups without stopping at nationalities.” The research aims, through two complementary procedures, to: First- a thematic extrapolation of the theme of "the rupture of human identity" in the theater of Wannous, and the other, in parallel to the first procedure - is to search for the origins of the theme itself in the world theater, especially in texts that are considered the origins of the literary genre globally, We also aim to be aware, not only of the extent of influence or the intensity of intellectual exchanges, and their parallelism, but of the need for direct critical interpretation of literary texts away from the conscious intentions of the authors, or even the researcher, and this is what the thematic vision imposes on the research Comparative Literary.

ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﺍﺪﻟﺍ

،ﺱﻮﻧﻭ ﻟﻠﻪﺍ ﺪﻌﺳ ،ﻥﺭﺎﻘﳌﺍ ﰐﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﳌﺍ ،ﺎﻴﺑﻮﺘﺴﻳﺪﻟﺍ ،ﺔﻳﻮﳍﺍ :

.ﻲﳌﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺡﺮﺴﳌﺍ

Keywords: Identity, Dystopia, Comparative Thematic Approach, Saadallah Wannous, The World theater.

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ﺔﻣﺪﻘﳌﺍ

ﺎﻴﺑﻮﺘﺴﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﻞﺜﲤ

"

Dystopia

"

ﺎﻋ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺪﺳﺎﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻳﺪﳌﺍ ﺓﺮﻜﻓ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺮﻳﺮﳌﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﱂ

ﻮﳋﺍﻭ ﺱﺆﺒﻟﺎﺑ ﻩﺩﺍﺮﻓﺃ ﻢﺴﺘﻳ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﺔﻳﻮﳍﺍ ﻕﺰﲤﻭ ﺱﺄﻴﻟﺍﻭ ﻑ

؛ ﺭﻮﺼﻳ ﺎﺑﺩﺃ ﻡﺪﻘﺗ ﺚﻴﲝ

ًﻧﺪﻣ ﻼﺒﻘﺘﺴﻣﻭ ﺎ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺶﻴﻌﻧ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺃﻮﺳﺃ

ﺖﺤﲰ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻲﻫ ،ﺓﺮﻜﻔﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫﻭ ،

ﰲ ﻖﻤﻌﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﺻﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﺋﺍﺮﻗ ﺢﻨﻣ ﱃﺇ ﻰﻌﺴﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻲﻫﻭ ..ﻢﳍﺎﻴﳋ ﻥﺎﻨﻌﻟﺍ ﻕﻼﻃﺈﺑ ﲔﻔﻟﺆﻤﻠﻟ"

ﻘﺘﺴﳌﺍ

"ﻞﺒ

) 1

ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺜﳌﺍ ﺔﻨﻳﺪﳌﺍ" ﺎﻴﺑﻮﺗﻮﻴﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺚﻳﺪﺣ "ﺎﻴﺑﻮﺘﺴﻳﺪﻟﺍ" ﻦﻋ ﺚﻳﺪﳊﺍ ﻥﺇ .(

ﺏﻮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﻑﺎﺸﺘﻛﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﺑﻭﺮﺜﻧﻷﺍ ﻢﻠﻋ ﰲ ﺎﳍﻮﺻﺃ ﱃﺇ ﻉﻮﺟﺮﻟﺍﻭ "ﺔﻠﺿﺎﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻔﺴﻠﻔﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺎﺻﻮﺼﺧﻭ ﺔﻔﺴﻠﻔﻟﺍﻭ ،ﻟﻠﻪﺍ ﺔﻜﻠﳑ ﻢﻠﺣ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻠﲪ ﺎﲟ ﲏﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﺮﻜﻔﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻠﺻﻷﺍ ﺎﺗﻬﺎﻋﺩ ﺮﻬﺷﺃ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻛﺍﺮﺘﺷﻻﺍ )

ﻛ ﺲﻛﺭﺎﻣ ﻝﺭﺎ Karl Marx

1818 -

1883 .(

ُﻣ ﻻﺍﺆﺳ ﺔﻳﻮﳍﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﻞّﻜﺷ ﺕﺍﺬﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻳﻮﳍﺎﻓ ؛ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻺﻟ ﺎﻘﻠﻘﻣ ﺎﺴﺟﺎﻫﻭ ،ﺎﺤﻠ

ﻼﻜﺷ ﱐﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﺪﻌﺒﻠﻟ ﻲﻄﻌُﺗ ﺔﻴﻨﻳﻮﻜﺗ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻨﺛ ﰲ ،ﺮﺧﻵﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺮّﺒﻌُﻳ ﺎﳘﻼﻛ ،ﻥﺍﻮﻨﺻ ﺔﻳﻮﳍﺍ ﲔﺑ ﻖﻟﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻚﻟﺫ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺃ ﻢﻬﻔﻟ ﺔﻴﻋﺍﻭ ﺔﺟﺎﺣ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻳﻮﳍﺍ ﻝﺍﺆﺳ ﻖﻠﻄﻨﻳﻭ .ﺍﺩﻭﺪﺣﻭ ﺴﻧﻹﺍﻭ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻳﻮﳍﺍ ﲏﻌﺗ ﺍﺫﺎﻤﻓ .ﻥﺎ ﺔﻴﻠﻴﻴﲣ ﺔﻠﻴﺳﻭ ﱪﻋ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺔﺻﺎﲞﻭ ،

؟ﺡﺮﺴﳌﺍ ﺹﻮﺼﻧ ﻞﺜﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﻜﻔﳌﺍﻭ ﺔﻔﺳﻼﻔﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ ﺪﻳﺪﺸﻟﺍ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﻻﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻏﺮﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ

ﺪﻗ ﻢﻬﻀﻌﺑ ﻥﺇ ﻞﺑ ،ﺔﻳﻮﳍﺍ ﺔﻴﳘﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﻮﻌﲨﺃ ﺪﻗ ﻢ�ﺈﻓ ،ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍﻭ ﺔﻳﻮﳍﺍ ﲔﺑ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﻥﺄﺸﺑ ﺟﺭﺪﻟ ﺔﻳﻮﳍﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﰲ ﻊّﺳﻮﺗ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻠﻴﺻﺃ ﺔﺟﺎﺣﻭ ،ﱐﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻠﻟ ﺔﻳﺯﺍﻮﻣ ﺎﻬﻠﻌﺟ ﺔ

ﱐﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺟﺎﺣ

) 2

.(

َﻝﻮﺻﺃ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺓﺮﻜﻓ ﻰّﺼﻘﺘﺗ

origins

ﰲ "ﰊﻮﺘﺴﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺔّﻳﻮﻫ ﻕّﺰﲤ" ﺔﻤﻴﺗ

ﻩﺬﻫ ﻊﺿﻭ ﰒ ﻦﻣﻭ ،ﺱﻮّﻧﻭ ﻟﻠﻪﺍ ﺪﻌﺳ ﺡﺮﺴﻣ ﺎﻬﻘﻠﻄﻨﻣ ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ﺚﻴﲝ ،ﻲﳌﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺡﺮﺴﳌﺍ ﻴﻟﺍ :ﻲﳌﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺡﺮﺴﳌﺍ ﺹﻮﺼﻧ ﺔﻣﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﰲ ﺔﻤﻴﺘﻟﺍ .ﻱﺰﻴﻠﳒﻹﺍﻭ ﻲﳚﻭﺮﻨﻟﺍﻭ ،ﱐﺎﻣﻭﺮﻟﺍﻭ ،ﱐﺎﻧﻮ

(1) Jens Formmen, My dystopian reality-my dystopian future?

(Luxembourg: Lycée Technique de Lallange, 2019). p.8.

(2) ﺮﻈﻨﻳ ﻞﻴﺼﻔﺘﻠﻟ :

ﳉﺍ ﱐﺎﻫ ﻁ) ."ﺏﺎﺒﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻜﻴﺳ ﰲ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﺐﺼﻌﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻳﻮﳍﺍ ﺔﻣﺯﺃ" ،ﺭﺍﺮ 1

ﺓﺮﻫﺎﻘﻟﺍ ، :

،ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺮﺸﻨﻠﻟ ﻼﻫ 2011

ﻡ(

، 25 .ﺎﻫﺪﻌﺑ ﺎﻣﻭ

(6)

203

ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺎﻫﺭّﺬﲡﻭ ﺔﻤﻴﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﲑﺳ ﻦﻋ ﻒﺸﻜﺘﺳ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻥﺈﻓ ،ﻚﺷ ﻥﻭﺩﻭ ﺓءﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﺁ ﱪﻋ ﻥﻮﻜﻴﺳ ﻞﺑ ،ﺎﻴﺋﺍﻮﺸﻋ ﺔﻤﻴﺘﻟﺍ ﻚﻠﺗ ﺎﻨُﻌﺒﺘﺗ ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ﻻﻭ .ﱐﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ٍﺔﻣﺃ ﻭﺃ ﻕﺮِﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻮﻘﻳ ﻻ ﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﰲ ﺹﻮﺼﻨﻟﺍ ُﻊﻀﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻧﺭﺎﻘﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﺗﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ًﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﻊﻨﺼﺘﺳ ﺔﻧﺭﺎﻘﳌﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ّﻥﺇ .ﱐﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺓﺎﻋﺍﺮﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻮﻘﻳ ﺎﻣ ﺭﺪﻘﺑ ،ﻦﻳﺩﺪﳏ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﰲ ﺎﻬﻠﻌﲡ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﳐ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺴﻧﺇ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻤﻴﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺍﺪﺘﻣﺍ ءﺍﺮﻘﺘﺳﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻳﺪﻨﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺓﻮﻋﺪﻟﺍ ﻞّﺜﻤَﺗ ﺔﻌﻤﺘﳎ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﻷﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻦﻋ ﻒﺸﻜﻠﻟ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﳌﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ﺪﻗﻭ .ﻱﺯﺍﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﺃﺪﺒﻣ ﻮﻫﻭ ،ﺔﻳﺰﻛﺮﳌﺍ ﻡﺪﻋ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﲑﺴﻔﺗ ﰲ ﺎﻬﺘﻘﻳﺮﻃﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻓﻼﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﺒﻴﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺭﺪﳌﺍ

ﲔﺑ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻢﺋﺎﻘﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺑﺩﻷﺍ ﺔﻟﺄﺴﳌﺍ ﻖﻤﻋ ﺎﻫﺭﻮﻠﺒﻳ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺤﻄﺴﻟﺍ ﲎﺒﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﺘﻟﺍ .ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻘﻴﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﲎﺒﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﳎ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﺧﺍ ﱪﻋ ﰊﻮﺘﺴﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﻮﻫ ﻕﺰﻤَﺗ ﺮﺛﺃ ﻦﻋ ﻒﺸﻜﻧ ﻥﺃ ﻦﻜﳝﻭ

ﻴﻟﺩ ﻥﻮﻜﺘﺳ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﻻﺅﺎﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺤﻄﺴﻟﺍ ﲎﺒﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻘﻴﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﲎﺒﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﺘﻟﺍ ﻑﺎﺸﺘﻛﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺎﻨﻠ

:ﺕﻻﺅﺎﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻦﻣﻭ .ﺎﻨﻣﺯ ﺓﺪﻋﺎﺒﺘﳌﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻠﻟ

ّﺛﺃ ﻒﻴﻛ ﰲ ﺮﻳﺮﳌﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﺮ

؟ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﺔﻳﻮﳍﺍ ﻕﺰﲤ ﺎﻣ

،"ﺔﻠﺿﺎﻓ ﺔﻨﻳﺪﻣ" ﰲ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻢﻠﺣ ﺖﻗّﺰﻣ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﺳﻷﺍ

" ﱃﺇ ﻪﺘﻟّﻮﺣﻭ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺷ

ﻴﺑﻮﺘﺴﻳﺩ ﺔ ﺴﺋﺎﺑ "

ﺔ ﻗﺰﳑﻭ ﺔ ﺍ

؟ﺔﻳﻮﳍ ﺓﺮﺑﺎﻋ ﺔﻤﻴﺘﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺖﺤﺒﺻﺃ ﻒﻴﻛ

؟ﲑﺛﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﺏﺎﻴﻏ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻏﺮﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ،ﺔﻴﻓﺍﺮﻐﳉﺍ ﺩﻭﺪﺤﻠﻟ ﻪﻧﺃ ﱃﺇ ﺓﺭﺎﺷﻹﺍ ﺭﺪﲡﻭ -

ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺎﻫﺎﻨﺒﺘﻧ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺅﺮﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻦﻤﺿ -

ﺪﺟﻮﺗ ﻻ

ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ ﺪﺟﻮﺗ ﻞﺑ ،ﰊﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺡﺮﺴﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺎﻴﺑﻮﺘﺴﻳﺪﻟﺍ ّﺺﲣ ﺔﻧﺭﺎﻘﻣ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﺴﻧﻭ .ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺍﻭﺮﻟﺍ ﺺﲣ ) ﱐﺎﻜﺟﺮﺑ ﺔﻤﻃﺎﻓ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ :ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﻕﻮ

ﺔﻨﻳﺪﳌﺍ) ﺎﻴﺑﻮﺘﺴﻳﺪﻟﺍ

"ﺔﻴﺑﻮﻨﳉﺍ ﺔﻴﺣﺎﻀﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻞﻳﻭﺭﻭﺃ ﺔﻳﺍﻭﺭ ﰲ ﺓءﺍﺮﻗ ،ﺓﺮﺻﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺍﻭﺮﻟﺍ ﰲ (ﺓﺪﺳﺎﻔﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﺒﻳﺫ ﻱﺯﻮﻔﻟ ،

2018 (،

ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩﻭ ﺮﺳﺎﻳ ﻒﻴﻄﻠﻟﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ )

ﺓﺭﻮﺜﻟﺍ ﺎﻴﺑﻮﺘﺴﻳﺩ ﻭﺃ ﺩﺭﺎﻄﻋ

ﺓﺭﻭﺪﻐﳌﺍ ، 2015 (،

ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩﻭ ﻕﺍﺯﺮﻟﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ ﺪﲪﺃ )

ﺑﻮﺗﻮﻴﻟﺍ) ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻨﺛ ﺎﻴ

- ﺔﻳﺍﻭﺮﻟﺍ ﰲ (ﺎﻴﺑﻮﺘﺴﻳﺪﻟﺍ

ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻴﻤﻴﺳ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ :ﺔﻴﻗﺍﺮﻌﻟﺍ ،

2015 (،

:ﺔﻴﺋﺍﻭﺮﻟﺍ ﺎﻴﺑﻮﺘﺴﻳﺪﻟﺍ) ﺭﺎﺘﺴﻟﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ ﻱﺪﳒ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩﻭ

ﻡﻮﻬﻔﳌﺍ - ﻉﺍﻮﻧﻷﺍ - ،ﻒﺋﺎﻇﻮﻟﺍ 2021

ﰲ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺎﻨﺗﺩﺎﻓﺃ ﺪﻘﻓ ،ﻚﺷ ﻥﻭﺩﻭ .(

.ﰊﺩﻷﺍ ﺱﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﳎ ﰲ ﺎﻬﺘﺑﺭﺎﻘﻣ ﻕﺮﻃﻭ ،ﺎﻴﺑﻮﺘﺴﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﳌ ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﳌﺍ ﱘﻮﻘﺗ

(7)

ﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻣ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟ :

ﻖﻠﻄﻨﻧ ﲔﺑ ﺮﻤﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﰲﺎﻘﺜﻟﺍ ﻞﻋﺎﻔﺘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣﻭ ،ﻲﳜﺭﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺓﺪﺣﻭ ﺔﻟﻮﻘﻣ ﻦﻣ

،ﺏﻮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﺚﻴﺣ

ﺔﻴﳘﺄﺑﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻴﻘﻟﺎﺑ ﺕﺰﻴﲤ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺑﺩﻷﺍ ﺹﻮﺼﻨﻟﺍ ﺕﺯﻭﺎﲡ ﺎﺗﻬﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ

ﺎﻬﳉﺎﻌﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻦﻣﺰﻟﺍﻭ ﺎﻴﻓﺍﺮﻐﳉﺍ َﺩﻭﺪﺣ ،

ﻓ ﺖﻠﺼﺗﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻣﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﺏﺍﺩﻵﺍ ﻒﻠﺘﳐ ﻊﻣ ﺖﻗﻼﺘ

ﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﱪﻋ (ﺎﻴﻠﻌﻓ) ﺎﻴﺛﺍﺭﻭ ﺓﺰﻴﻤﺘﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﺑﺩﻷﺍ ﻝ

؛ ﺬﻟ

،ﻚﻟ ﻑﻮﺳ ﺪﻴﻔﻧ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺳﺭﺪﳌﺍ" ﺞﻬﻨﻣ

ﻥﺭﺎﻘﳌﺍ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻴﻓﻼﺴﻟﺍ ﻔﻟﺍ ﱂﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ" ّﻥﺃ ﺕﺃﺭ ﺎ�ﻷ "

ﺔﻘﻠﻐﻣ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺣﺃ ﱂﺍﻮﻋ ﻦﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﺔﻴﻨ

ﻙﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﺱﺎﺳﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺪﻤﺘﻌﺗ

، ﰲﻭ .ﺭّﺪﻘُﻣ ﻢﻏﺎﻨﺗ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺾﻌﺒﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻀﻌﺑ ﻊﻣ ﻖﻓﺍﻮﺘﺗﻭ

ﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺎﺑﻬ ﺭﻮﻄﺘﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻕﺮﻄﻟﺍ ﻯﺪﺣﺇ ﻥﺈﻓ ،ﺔﺳﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﻢﻜﻠﺗ ﺓﺩﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻞّﺜﻤﺘﺗ ﺔﻧﺭﺎﻘﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺍ

ﺔﻴﻄﻤﻨﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺑﺭﺎﻘﳌﺍ ءﻮﺿ ﰲ ﺕﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﱃﺇ

)"

1

ﺢﻴﺘﻳ ﻪّﺟﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻥﺈﻓ ،ﰒ ﻦﻣﻭ .(

َﺔﻧﻭﺮﻣ ﻥِﺭﺎﻘﻤﻠﻟ ﻭ ﺹﻮﺼﻨﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ

ﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ء ﺎﻫ ﻲﻃﺮَﺸﻟ ﻝﺎﺜﺘﻣﻻﺍ ﻥﻭﺩ :ﺔﻧﺭﺎﻘﳌﺍ

ﻱﲑﺛﺄﺘﻟﺍ

(ﺔﻴﺴﻧﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺭﺪﳌﺍ) ﱄﺎﻤﳉﺍﻭ

،(ﺔﻴﻜﻳﺮﻣﻷﺍ ﺔﺳﺭﺪﳌﺍ) ﻞﺑ

ﻖﻠﻄﻨﺗ ﺎ�ﺇ ﺔﺑﻬﺎﺸﳌﺍ ﻑﻭﺮﻈﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ

.ﺕﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍﻭ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﻷﺍ ﰲ ﻚﻴﻠﻳﻭ ﻪﻴﻨﻳﺭ) ﺮﻛﺬﻳ ﻕﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﰲﻭ

René wellek

1903 - 1995 ( ﺔﻄﻳﺮﺧ ﻪﺒﺸﻳ ﺎﻣ ﱃﺇ ﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﺎﻨﻟ ﺢﻴﺘﺗ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﳉﺍ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻞﺜﻣ" ّﻥﺃ

ﱂﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﰲﻭ ﺎﺑﺭﻭﺃ ﰲ ﺓﲑﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺏﺍﺩﻵﺍ ﻥﺇ ﺎﻨﻟ ﻝﻮﻘﺗ ﻲﻫﻭ .ﻲﳌﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺪﻴﻌﺼﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ ﻮﻋﺪﺗ ﻊﺳﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﻲﻗﺮﺸﻟﺍ

"ﺎﻬﺘﺳﺍﺭﺩﻭ ﺎﻬﻓﺎﺸﺘﻛﻻ ﺎﻧ

) 2

ﺇ (ﻚﻴﻠﻳﻭ) ﺭﺎﺷﺃ ﻚﻟﺬﻛﻭ ،(

ﻥﺃ ﱃ

ﺑ ﲎﻌﺗ ﺔﻴﻓﻼﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺭﺪﳌﺍ

"ﻪﻠﻛ ﱂﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻊﻴﺿﺍﻮﳌﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺑﺩﻷﺍ ﺭﺎﻜﻓﻷﺍ ﻝﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﺓﺮﻜﻓ"ـ

) 3

.(

ﻖﻓﻭ ﺔﻴﺑﻮﺘﺴﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﺕﻼﺜﻤﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﳉﺎﻌﲟ ﻡﻮﻘﻧ ﻑﻮﺳﻭ ﻞﺜﻤﺘﳌﺍ ﻱﺪﻘﻨﻟﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﳌﺍ

ﺑ ﺓءﺍﺮﻘﻟﺎ

ﺔﻧﺭﺎﻘﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﺗﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﻟﺍ ﻢﺳﺭ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﻹ ﺔﻠﻴﺳﻭ" ﺎﻬﻔﺻﻮﺑ

ﺯﻭﺎﺠﺘﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺑﺩﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺠﺘ

"ﺔﻴﳜﺭﺎﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻳﻮﻐﻠﻟﺍ ﺩﻭﺪﳊﺍ

) 4

ﻲﻫﻭ ،(

ﺔﻧﺭﺎﻘﳌﺍﻭ ﺹﻮﺼﻨﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﺣ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻠﻟ ﺢﻴﺘﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ

(1) Epstein, Mikhail, The irony of the ideal: paradoxes of Russian literature,

(Boston: Academic Studies press, 2018). p4.

(2) ﻪﻴﻨﻳﺭ

،ﻚﻴﻠﻳﻭ "

ﻴﻫﺎﻔﻣ ﺔﻳﺪﻘﻧ ﻢ ."

ﺮﺗ ﺔﲨ

،ﺭﻮﻔﺼﻋ ﺪﻤﳏ : :ﺖﻳﻮﻜﻟﺍ)

ﻥﻮﻨﻔﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻠﻟ ﲏﻃﻮﻟﺍ ﺲﻠﺠﳌﺍ

ﺏﺍﺩﻵﺍﻭ ﻉ 110 ، 1987

،(ﻡ 293 - 294 .

(3) ،ﻚﻴﻠﻳﻭ

"

ﺔﻳﺪﻘﻧ ﻢﻴﻫﺎﻔﻣ

،"

272

. "، ﻞﻴﻴﻧﺍﺩ ﻮﺟﺎﺑ ﻱﺮﻨﻫ(4) ﻥﺭﺎﻘﳌﺍﻭ ﻡﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ

."

ﺮﺗ ﺔﲨ

،ﺪﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﺴﻏ : :ﻖﺸﻣﺩ)

ﺏﺎّﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﺩﺎﲢﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻮﺸﻨﻣ

،ﺏﺮﻌﻟﺍ 1997

،(ﻡ 120 .

(8)

205

ﺎﺗﻬﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﲔﺑ

، ﺓﺮﺷﺎﺒﳌﺍ ﲑﻏ ﺕﺎﺑﻬﺎﺸﳌﺍ ﱴﺣ ﺓﺮﺷﺎﺒﳌﺍ ﺔﻴّﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻗﻼﻄﻧﺍ ﺎﻬﻗﺎﻄﻨﺘﺳﺍﻭ ؛

ﺍﺬﻫﻭ ،ﺔﺑﻬﺎﺸﺘﻣ ﺔﻴﻗﻮﻓ ﲎﺑ ﺓﺭﻭﺮﻀﻟﺎﺑ ﺯﺮﻔﺗ ﺔﺑﻬﺎﺸﺘﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﺘﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﲎﺒﻟﺍ" ﻥﻷ ﺮﺳ ﻮﻫ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﺘﻟﺍ

ﺔﻔﻠﺘﳐ ﺔﻴﻣﻮﻗ ﺏﺍﺩﺁ ﱃﺇ ﻲﻤﺘﻨﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺑﺩﻷﺍ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﲔﺑ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻊﻘﻧ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺑﻬﺎﺸﳌﺍ

"ﺏﺍﺩﻵﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﲔﺑ ﺎﻤﻴﻓ ﻡﻮﻘﺗ ﺪﻗ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺔﻳﺃ ﻦﻋ ﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﻑﺮﺼﺑ

) 1

.(

ﻭ ﻨﺜﺤﺒﻟ ﺱﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﻑﺪﳍﺍ ﺪﻳﺪﲢ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻴﺠﻬﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﻳﺅﺮﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺎﻧﺩﻮﻘﺗ ﺬﻫ ﺎ

ﻟﺫﻭ ،ﺍ ﻚ ﻦﻣ

ﲔﻠﻣﺎﻜﺘﻣ ﻦﻳءﺍﺮﺟﺇ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻑﺪﳍﺍ ﻥﺎﻘﻘﳛ

: ﻻﻭﺃ - ﰐﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ ءﺍﺮﻘﺘﺳﺍ ﻕﺰﲤ" ﺔﻤﻴﺘﻟ

ﻹﺍ ﺓﺍﺯﺍﻮﻣ ﰲ ﻥﻮﻜﻳﻭ ﺮﺧﻵﺍﻭ ،ﺱﻮّﻧﻭ ﺡﺮﺴﻣ ﰲ "ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﺔﻳﻮﳍﺍ ءﺍﺮﺟ

ﻭﻷﺍ ﻝ - ﻞﺜﻤﺘﻳ

ﰲ ﺔﺻﺎﲞﻭ ،ﻲﳌﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺡﺮﺴﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺎﻬﺴﻔﻧ ﺔﻤﻴﺘﻟﺍ ﻝﻮﺻﺃ ﻦﻋ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺍ

ﻮﺼﻨﻟ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺹ ّﺪﻌُﺗ

ﻭ .ﺔﻴﺑﻮﺘﺴﻳﺩ" ﺕﻼﺜﲤ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻠﻤﲢ ﺎﲟ ،ﺎﻴﳌﺎﻋ ﰊﺩﻷﺍ ﻉﻮﻨﻠﻟ ﻻﻮﺻﺃ ﻑﺪ�

ﻛ ﻚﻟﺬ ﻥﺃ ﱃﺇ

ﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﻻﺩﺎﺒﳌﺍ ِﺔﻓﺎﺜﻜﺑ ﻭﺃ ﺮّﺛﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﻢﺠﲝ ﻂﻘﻓ ﺲﻴﻟ ،ﻲﻋﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻮﻜﻧ ﺔﻳﺮﻜ

ﻮﺗﻭ ، ﻞﺑ ،ﺎﻬﻳﺯﺍ

ﺎﻘﳌﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺍﺪﻴﻌﺑ ﺔﻴﺑﺩﻷﺍ ﺹﻮﺼﻨﻠﻟ ﺮﺷﺎﺒﳌﺍ ﻱﺪﻘﻨﻟﺍ ﻞﻳﻭﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺮﻀﺑ ﺍ ﺪﺻ

ﻴﻋﺍﻮﻟ ،ﲔﻔﻟﺆﻤﻠﻟ ﺔ

ﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺗﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﺔﻳﺅﺮﻟﺍ ﻪﺿﺮﻔﺗ ﺎﻣ ﺍﺬﻫﻭ ،ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻠﻟ ﱴﺣ ﻭﺃ ﰊﺩﻷ

ﳌﺍ .ﻥﺭﺎﻘ

ﻥﺃ ﱃﺇ ﲑﺸﻧﻭ ﺮﻔﻳ ،ﺎﻌﻣ ﻝﻮﺻﻷﺍ ﰲ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻓﻼﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺭﺪﳌﺍ

ﺷ ﻥﺎﺿ ﻌﻣ ﻼﻜ ﺎﻨﻴ

ﻜﺸﻟﺍ ﺚﻴﺣ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﳌﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺣﺮﺴﳌﺍ ﺹﻮﺼﻨﻟﺍ ﻭﺪﺒﺗ ﺫﺇ ؛ﻥﺭﺎﻘﳌﺍ ﺱﺭﺪﻠﻟ ﻬﻇ ﻞ

ﳌ ﺍﲑ ﺡﺮﺴ

ﻮﻫ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺱﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﻑﺪﳍﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ ،ﻚﻟﺫ ﻦﻣ ﺲﻜﻌﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ،ﻦﻜﻟﻭ .ﺱﻮّﻧﻭ ﻼﻣ

ﺔﻘﺣ

ﻴﺳﻼﻜﻟﺍ ﺡﺮﺴﳌﺍ ﰲ ،ﺱﻮﻧﻭ ﺡﺮﺴﻣ ﰲ ﺓﺩﻮﺟﻮﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﺑﻮﺘﺴﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻴﺘﻟﺍ ﻲﻜ

ﻟﺍ ﻲﳌﺎﻌ ﺎﻨﻣ ﺔﺒﻏﺭ ،

ﺍ ﺔﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﺒﻴﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺭﺪﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﺁ ﻪﺿﺮﻔﺗ ﻲﺠﻬﻨﻣ ﺮﻣﺃ ﺕﺎﺒﺛﺇ ﰲ ﻼﺴﻟ

،ﺔﻴﻓ ﻭ ﻥﺃ ﻮﻫ

ﲔﺑ ﻲﻫﺎﻤﺘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﱃﺇ ﺓﺭﻭﺮﻀﻟﺎﺑ ﻱﺩﺆﻳ ،ﺔﻘﻴﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺑﻷﺍ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﺗ ﻷﺍ

ﺔﻴﻨﺑ ﺔﻴﺤﻄﺴﻟﺍ

.ﻖﺑﺎﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﺟﺭﺩ ﱃﺇ ﺕﻻﺎﳊﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ ﰲ ﻞﺼﻳ ﺪﻗﻭ (ﰊﺩﻷﺍ ﺞﺘﻨﳌﺍ) ﺇ ﺓﺭﻭﺮﻀﻟﺎﺑ ﺞﻬﻨﳌﺍ ﻱﺩﺆﻳ ﺪﻗﻭ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻞﺜﻣ ﰲ ﺔﻴﺣﺮﺴﳌﺍ ﺹﻮﺼﻨﻟﺍ ﺩﺪﻌﺗ ﻦﻋ ﺔﻨﻫﱪﻟﺍ ﱃ

ﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ

؛ﺕﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﻝﻮﺻﺃ ﰲ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﺿﺮﻔ ﻲﺳﻮﻧﻮﻟﺍ ﺺﻨﻟﺍ ّﺪﻌﻧ ﺎﻨﻧﺇ ﺚﻴﺣ

ﻨﺑ ﻱﺩﺆﺗ ﻚﻟﺫ ﺪﻌﺑ ﰒ ،ﻥﺯﺍﻮﺘﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺎﻬﻌﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﺪﻴﻌﻧﻭ ،ﻪﺗﺎﻤﻴﺗ ﻪﻴﻓ ﺃﺮﻘﻧ ﺍﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﺎﺼﻧ ﺔﻟﺁ ﺎ

(1) ﻟﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ ﱯﻨ

،ﻒﻴﻄﺻﺍ "

ﻥﺭﺎﻘﳌﺍ ﺏﺩﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻓﻼﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺭﺪﳌﺍ ."

ﰊﺩﻷﺍ ﻒﻗﻮﳌﺍ ﺔﻠﳎ) ﻖﺸﻣﺪﺑ

433

،

) 2007 :(ﻡ 8 .

(9)

ﻥﺭﺎﻘﳌﺍ ﰐﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﳌﺍ ﳌﺍ ﺹﻮﺼﻧ ﰲ ﺎﻬﺴﻔﻧ ﺔﻤﻴﺘﻟﺍ ﻊﺒﺘﺗ ﱃﺇ

ﺍﺬﻫ ﻞﻌﻟﻭ .ﻲﳌﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺡﺮﺴ

ﺹﻮﺼﻨﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺎﻫﺭﺩﺎﺼﻣ ﺮﺼﺣ ﻦﻜﳝ ﻻ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﺗ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻊﺒﺘﺘﻧ ﺎﻨﻣﺯ ﺎّﻨﻣ ﻕﺮﻐﺘﺳﺍ ﺪﻗ ﺮﻣﻷﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻬﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﻳﺅﺮﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻞﻟﺪﺗ ﺔﻘﺣﻼﺘﻣ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﰲ ﺹﻮﺼﻨﻟﺍ ﻭﺪﺒﺘﺳ ﺎﻨﻫ ﻦﻣﻭ .ﺔﻴﳌﺎﻌﻟﺍ .ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﺿﻭﺮﻔﳌﺍ ﻑﻮﺳﻭ

ﻦﻣ ﻪﻠﻛ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻦﻫﱪﻧ ﺔﺴﻴﺋﺮﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﻮﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ

ﻮﺼﻨﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻋﺮﻔﻟﺍﻭ :ﰐﺄﻴﺳ ﺎﻤﻛ ﺹ

1 - ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺩﻮﺟﻭﻭ ﺔﻳﻮﳍﺍ

،ﺎﳍ ﺔﺠﺘﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺮﺷﺎﺒﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﱐﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻳﻮﳍﺍ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺔﻟﺄﺴﻣ ﺎﻨﻠﻴﲢ ﺪﻛﺆﻳﻭ .ﻪﻴﻓ ﺕﺄﺸﻧ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻢﺣﺮﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ )

ﺵﻮﻛ ﺲﻴﻧﺩ (Denys Cuche

ﺎﻄﺑﺍﺮﺗ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﺃ

:ﻝﻮﻘﻴﻓ ،ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻴﺑ ﻼﺻﺎﻓ ﻲﻋﻮﻟﺍ ﻞﻌﳚ ﻪﻨﻜﻟﻭ ،ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻳﻮﳍﺍ ﲔﺑ ﺍﲑﺒﻛ ﺎﻘﺜﻟﺍ ّﻥﺇ"

،ﻊﻀﲣ ﺔﻓ

ﲑﺒﻛ ﺪﺣ ﱃﺇ

"ﻉﺍﻭ ءﺎﻤﺘﻧﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻞﻴﺤﺘﻓ ،ﺔﻳﻮﳍﺍ ﺎﻣﺃ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺍﻭ ﻻ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﲑﺼﻟ

) 1

ﺍﺬﻬﻓ .(

ﺔﺟﺭﺪﻟ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻧﺎﺑ ﻲﺣﻮُﻳ ،ﻲﻋﻭ ﻼﻟﺍﻭ ﻲﻋﻮﻟﺍ ﲔﺑﻭ ،ﺔﻳﻮﳍﺍﻭ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ ﲑﺒﻜﻟﺍ ﻖﻟﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻊﺟﺮﻣ ﺮﺴﻔﻳ ﻚﻟﺬﻛﻭ .ﺎﻤﻬﻨﻴﺑ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﺎﳍ ﺔﺠﺘﻨﳌﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻳﻮﳍﺍ

؛ ﻝﺍﺆﺳ ﻖﻠﻄﻨﻳ ،ﺍﺬﻟ

ﺍﺩ ﺔﻳﻮﳍﺍ .ءﺎﻤﺘﻧﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﻭﺮﻀﺑ ﺔﻴﻋﺍﻭ ﺔﺟﺎﺣ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻤﺋ ﻋ ﺪﻗﻭ ،ﺮﺧﻵﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﳘﺪﺣﺃ ﺔﻴﻘﺒﺳﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻳﻮﳍﺍﻭ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻘﺗ

ّﺪ ) ﺵﻮﻛ (

ﺔﻛﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﺎ�ﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺛ ﺔﻳﻮﻫ ﻞﻛ ﻭﺪﺒﺗﻭ .ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺳ" :ﺎ�ﺄﺑ ﺔﻳﻮﳍﺍ

"ﺓﺩﺪﳏ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺛ ﻊﻣ ﺮﻫﻮﳉﺍ

) 2

؛ (

ﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟﺍ ﻪﺘﻳﻮﻫﻭ ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺪﻟﻮﻳ ﺍﺬﻟ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺳ ﺔ

ﻩﺩﻮﺟﻮﻟ

، ،ﺔﻳﺮﻜﻓﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺛ ﺔﻟﻮﻤﲝ ﻕﻮﺒﺴﻣ ﻮﻫﻭ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﰐﺄﻳﻭ

ﺍ ﺩﻮﻟﻮﳌﺍ ﻊﻀﺗ ﲔﻌﻣ ﻱﺮﻜﻓﻭ ﰲﺎﻘﺛ ﺭﺎﻃﺇ ﻦﻤﺿ ﺪﻳﺪﳉ

، ﰲ ﱪﻜﺗﻭ ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻮﻤﻨﻴﻓ ﻪﺴﻔﻧ

ﺔﻳﻮﳍﺍﻭ ﺔﻟﻮﻤﳊﺍ ﻚﻠﺗ ﻩﺮﻜﻓﻭ

، ﺍءﺰﺟ ﺢﺒﺼُﺗ ﺞﻀﻨﻟﺍ ﺪﻨﻋﻭ ﻦﻋ ﻚﻔﻨﺗ ﻻ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻧ ﺔﺟﺎﺣ ﻦﻣ

ﻩﺩﻮﺟﻭ

، ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﻙﺍﺬﻧﺁ ﺭﻮﻠﺒﺘﻳﻭ ﻊﻓﺍﺪُﻳ ﺔﻠﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺔﻳﻮﻫ ﻞﻤﳛ ﻥﻮﻜﻣ ﰲ ﺝﺎﻣﺪﻧﻻﺍﻭ ءﺎﻤﺘﻧﻻﺍ

.ﺔﺣﺎﺘﳌﺍ ﻞﺋﺎﺳﻮﻟﺍ ﻞﻜﺑ ﺎﻬﻨﻋ

(1) ﺲﻴﻧﺩ

،ﺵﻮﻛ ﺮﺗ ."ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ"

ﺔﲨ ﻁ) ،ﱐﺍﺪﻴﻌﺴﻟﺍ ﲑﻨﻣ : 1

ﺕﻭﲑﺑ ، : ﺔﻤﻈﻨﳌﺍ

،ﺔﲨﺮﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ 2007

ﻡ(

، 148

. " ،ﺵﻮﻛ (2)

ﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﺔﻴﻋ

،"

150 .

(10)

207

؛ﺔﻳﻮﳍﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻝﻮﺒﻗ ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻳﻮﳍﺍ ﺔﻴﻘﺒﺳﺃ ﲏﻌﺗ ﻻ ﻮﺒﻘﻟﺎﻓ

ﻋ ﻦﻣ ﻝ ﻪﻣﺪ

،ﻚﻠﺗ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻳﻮﳍﺍ ﻩﺬﳍ ءﺎﻤﺘﻧﻻﺎﺑ ﺭﻮﻌﺸﻟﺎﺑ ﻁﻭﺮﺸﻣ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺮﻣﻷﺍ ﻮﻫﻭ

ﺗ ﺘﻟﻭﺎﻨ ﻨﻟﺍ ﻪ ﺹﻮﺼ

ﻴﻓﺍﺮﻐﺟﻭ ﺎﻴﻧﺎﻣﺯ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﳌﺍ ﺔﻴﺣﺮﺴﳌﺍ ﺮﻣﻭ ﱐﺎﻧﻮﻴﻟﺍ ﺡﺮﺴﳌﺎﺑ ﺍءﺪﺑ ﺎ

ﺍﺭﻭ ﺑ ﺮﺴﳌﺎ ﱐﺎﻣﻭﺮﻟﺍ ﺡ

.ﺚﻳﺪﳊﺍ ﺡﺮﺴﳌﺎﺑ ءﺎﻬﺘﻧﺍﻭ ﺔﻀﻬﻨﻟﺍ ﺮﺼﻋﻭ ﺎﺜﳌﺍ ﻞﻴﺒﺳ ﻰﻠﻌﻓ

،ﻝ ﺃﺪﺑ ﺪﻗ ﳌﺍ ﺕ ﺔﻠﻜﺸ ﺪﻨﻋ

ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ ﻝﺍﺆﺴﻟﺍ ﺯﺮﺑﻭ ،"ﺎﻜﻠﻣ ﺐﻳﺩﻭﺃ" ﺔﻴﺣﺮﺴﻣ ﰲ "ﺐﻳﺩﻭﺃ"

ﺍﺪﺑ ﺖﻋﺭﺎﺼﺗ ﻪﻠﺧ

ﺋﺎﻨﺛ ﺔﻴ

ﺍ ﺭﻮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﻚﻟﺫ ،ءﺎﻤﺘﻧﻻﺍ ﻡﺪﻋﻭ ﻕﺰﻤﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﺮﻌﺷ ﲔﺣ ،ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻳﻮﳍﺍ ﻱﺬﻟ

ﺃ ﻪﻘﻠﻗ ﻟ ﺔﺟﺭﺪ

ﻭ .ﻪﻣﺃ ﻦﻣ ﻪﺟﺍﻭﺯﻭ ،ﻪﻴﺑﺃ ﻞْﺘﻗ ءﺎﻤﺘﻧﺍ ﻼﻟﺍﻭ ﻕﺰﻤﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻪﺒﺸُﺗ

ﺍ ﺮﺘﻏ ﻹﺍ ﺏﺍ ﺗﺍﺫ ﻦﻋ ﻥﺎﺴﻧ ،ﻪ

"ﺐﻳﺩﻭﺃ" ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﻲﻔﻓ .ﺓﺎﻴﳊﺍ ﰲ ﻩﺭﻭﺩﻭ ﲔﺣ ﻪﻳﺪﻟ ﺔﻳﻮﳍﺍ ﻕﺰﲤ ﻞﺼﺣ

ﺷ ﺎﺑ ﺮﻌ ﺮﺘﻏﻻ ﺏﺍ

ﺘﺴﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺴﻜﻧﺍ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻊﺒﺗﻭ ،ﻪﻴﻓ ﻉﺮﻋﺮﺗﻭ ﺄﺸﻧ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﳌﺍ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﺍ ﻯﻮ

ﺕﺍﺬﻟ

.ﻞﻌﻔﻟﺍﻭ ﻨﻟﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣﻭ ﲰ ﺔﻠﻔﺣ" ﺔﻴﺣﺮﺴﻤﻛ ،ﺔﻴﺛﺍﺪﳊﺍ ﺔﻴﺣﺮﺴﳌﺍ ﺹﻮﺼ

ﻦﻣ ﺮ ﺃ ﻞﺟ 5

ﺬﻟﺍ ﻪﺗﺍﺫ ﻕﺰﻤﺘﻟﺍ ﺶﻴﻌﻳ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺪﳒ ،ﺱﻮﻧﻭ ﻟﻠﻪﺍ ﺪﻌﺴﻟ "ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺰﺣ ﺎﻋ ﻱ

ﺃ" ﻪﺷ

"ﺐﻳﺩﻭ

،

.ﻼﻴﺼﻔﺗ ﻚﻟﺫ ﰐﺄﻴﺳﻭ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍﻭ ،ﻲﺴﻔﻨﻟﺍ :ﻞﺜﻣ ،ﺓﺪﻋ ﻻﺎﻜﺷﺃ (ﻕﺰﻤﺘﻟﺍ) ﺢﻠﻄﺼﻣ ﺬﺨﺘﻳﻭ ﺍﻭ ،

،ﻲﻗﺮﻌﻟ

ﻔﻟﺍ ﺮﻌﺸﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ،ﺔﻳﻮﳍﺍ ﻕﺰﲤ ﺎﻣﻼﻳﺇ ﺎﻫﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﻦﻜﻟﻭ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻟﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺩﺮ

ﺎﻴﻀﻟ ﺍﻭ ،ﻉ ،ءﺎﻤﺘﻧﺍ ﻼﻟ

ﺭﺎﺑ ﺎﻧﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﺢﻠﻄﺼﳌﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻞﻜﺸﻳﻭ .ﻪﻤﻀﺗ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺛ ﻻﻭ ،ﻪﻳﻮﲢ ﺽﺭﺃ ﻼﻓ ﻭ ﺍﺯ

ﻴﻠﺼﻔﻣ ﺩﺮﻔﻠﻟ ﺎ

ﺔﻴﺑﻮﺘﺴﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻳﺪﳌﺍ ﰲ ﺎﻬﻌﻣ ﺪﻘﻔﻳ ﱵﻟﺍ

ﺘﻧﻻﺎﺑ ﱐﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﺭﻮﻌﺸﻟﺍ .ءﺎﻤ

ﻳﻮﳍﺍ ﻕﺰﲤ ﺔﻣﺯﺃ ﻖﻤﻌﺘﺗﻭ ﺔ

ءﺎﻤﺘﻧﻻﺎﺑ ﻡﺪﻄﺼﺗ ﺎ�ﻷ ؛ﺔﻴﻟﻮﻤﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻈﻧﻷﺍ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﺩﺮﻔﻠﻟ

ﻭ ﺮﳊﺍ ﻲﻋﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟﺍﻭ ﺽﺭﻷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﻗﻼﻋﻭ ،ﺩﺮﻔﻠﻟ

، ﻕﺮﻄﺑ ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺔﻳﻮﳍﺍ ﺐﻠﺳ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻓ

،ﺔﻠﻴﺻﻷﺍ ﻪﺘﺒﻴﻛﺮﺗﻭ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟﺍ ﻪﺗﺎﻧﻮﻜﻣ ﻞﻛ ﻦﻣ ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻉﻼﺘﻗﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻪﺒﺸُﺗ ،ﺔﺴﺋﺎﺑ ﺔﻴﻌﻤﻗ .ﺔﻴﻠﺻﻷﺍ ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ءﺎﻤﺘﻧﺍ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﳎ ﱃﺇ ،ﺓﺭﻭﺮﻀﻟﺎﺑ ،ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﻮﳍﺍ ﻞﻴﲢ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ" ﻦﻣﻭ ﺐﺴﲝ ،ﺭﻭﺬﳉﺍﻭ ﻞﺻﻷﺍ ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ﺎﻣ ﻱﺃ ،ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺛ ﺔﻳﻮﻫ ﻞﻛ ﺱﺎﺳﺃ ،ﺔﻳﺩﺎﻴﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ

" ﺔﻠﻴﺻﺃﻭ ﺓﺪﻴﻛﺃ ﺔﻔﺼﺑ ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻑﺮﻌﻳ

) 1

ﻳﻮﳍﺍ ﻕﺰﲤ ﺕﺍﻮﻄﺧ ﱃﻭﺃ ﺃﺪﺒﺗﻭ .(

ﺔ ،ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻯﺪﻟ

ﺎ�ﺇ ،ﻥﺎﻣﺰﻟﺍﻭ ﻥﺎﻜﳌﺍ ﰲ ءﺮﳌﺍ ﻊﻀﺗ ﺔﻴﺛﺍﺭﻭ ﺓﺮﻛﺍﺫ ﺓﺮﺳﻷﺎﻓ" ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﺓﺮﺳﻷﺍ ﺮّﻣﺪُﺗ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋ

(1) ،ﺵﻮﻛ

"

ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ

،"

149 .

(11)

ّﺮﻔﺗ ﺎﻨﺤﻨﲤ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟﺍ ،ﺔﻠﻘﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺎﻨﺘﻳﻮﻫﻭ ،ﺎﻧﺩ

ﻯﺪﻣ ﻦﻋ ﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﺾﻐﺑ ،ﺓﺰﻳﺎﻤﺘﳌﺍ ﺎﻨﺘﻠﻴﺒﻗﻭ

ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﲑﻣﺪﺗ ﺎﻫﲑﻣﺪﺗﻭ ﺓﺮﺳﻷﺍ ﻥﺍﺪﻘﻓ ﲏﻌﻳﻭ .ﺎﻬﻤﺠﺣ ﺮﻐﺻ

"ﻱﺰﻣﺭ

) 1

ُﻟ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﲰﺃﺮﻟﺍﻭ ﺎﻴﺟﻮﻠﻨﻜﺘﻟﺍ ﻪﺘﺒﻠﺳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ،ﺮﺻﺎﻌﳌﺍ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺮﻈﻨﻟﺎﺑﻭ .(

ّﺒ ،ﻪ

ﻴﻛ ﺎﻨﻟ ﲔﺒﺘﻳ ،ﻪﺸﻴﻋ ﺔﻤﻘﻟ ﲔﻣﺄﺗ ﻞﺟﺃ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻝﻮﻃﺃ ﺎﺘﻗﻭ ﻲﻀﻘﻳ ﻪﺘﻠﻌﺟﻭ ﺕﺮّﺛﺃ ﻒ

ﺷﺎﺒﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺎﻴﺟﻮﻠﻨﻜﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻦﻳﻮﻜﺗ ﰲ ﺮﺷﺎﺒﻣ ﲑﻏ ﻭﺃ ﺮ

، ﺮﺳُﻷﺍ ﺖﺤﺒﺻﺃ ﺚﻴﲝ

ﻰﻠﻋ ﻚﻟﺫ ﺲﻜﻌﻧﺍ ﺪﻗﻭ .ﺔﻴﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻂﺑﺍﻭﺮﻟﺍ ﻕﺰﲤ ﻦﻣ ﰒ ﻦﻣﻭ ،ﻉﺎﻴﻀﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﱐﺎﻌﺗ ﺔﻜﻜﻔﻣ ﺔﻳﻮﳍﺍ ﺎﻬﻔﺻﻮﺑ ﻠﺳﺃ ﺎﻤﻛ ،ﺕﺍﺬﻠﻟ ﺍﻮﻨﺻ ﺎﻨﻔ

، ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ ﻮﻤﻨﺗ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺎﻴﳚﺭﺪﺗ

ﺎﻧﺎﻴﻛ" ﺖﺴﻴﻟﻭ ،

ﻷﺍ ﱃﺇﻭ ﺓﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﺔﻌﻓﺩ ﻰﻄﻌُﻳ ،ﺦﻴﺸﺗﻭ ،ﺮﻳﺎﻐﺘﺗﻭ ﻥﻮﻜﺘﺗﻭ ،ﻮﻤﻨَﺗﻭ ﺪَﻟﻮﺗ ﺔﻘﻴﻘﺣ ﺎ�ﺇ .ﺪﺑ

"ﺏﻼﺘﺳﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻳﺩﻮﺟﻮﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﺯﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ ﱐﺎﻌﺗﻭ

) 2

ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻲﻋﻭ ﻊﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺘﺗ ﻲﻬﻓ ﺍﺬﻟ .(

.ﺔﻴﻋﺍﻭ ﻼﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﻯﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻙﺮﺘﺸﺗ ﺓﺪﻘﻌﻣ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﰲ ،ﺎﺗﻬﺭﻭﺮﻀﺑ ﻱﺮﻄﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﺄﺴﻣ ﰲ ﲔﲰﺎﺣ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍﻭ ﻲﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻥﺍﺭﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺪﻌُﻳ ﻦﻳﻮﻜﺗ

ﻳﻮﳍﺍ ﺔ ﻷ ؛ ﺔﻳﻮﳍﺍ ﻥ

ﻲﻫﻭ ﺏﺮﻗﻷﺍ ﻪﻄﻴﳏ ﻦﻣ ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﺒﺴﺘﻜﻳ ﺔﻴﻋﺍﻭ ﻻ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺓﺪﻋ ﻦﻣ ءﺪﺒﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻞﻜﺸﺘﺗ ﺭﻮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﻪﻳﺩﺆﻳ ﻥﺃ ﻦﻜﳝ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺭﻭﺪﻠﻟ ﱪﻛﺃ ﺓﺮﻈﻧ ﰲﻭ .ﻊﻤﺘﺠﳌﺍﻭ ،ﻥﺍﲑﳉﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻌﻟﺍ ءﺎﻀﻋﺃ ﻭﺃ ﻥﺍﲑﳉﺍ ﻞﺜﻣ ،ﺔﺌﻓﺍﺩﻭ ﺔﻳﻮﻗ ﻦﻳﺮﺧﻵﺍ ﻊﻣ ﺔﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍ" ﻞﻌﺟ ﱃﺇ ءﺎﻤﺘﻧﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻳﻮﳍﺎﺑ ﲔﻨﻃﺍﻮﳌﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻋﺎﻤﳉﺍ ﺃ ﻦﻜﳝﻭ .ﺎﻬﺴﻔﻧ ﺔﻧﺎﻳﺪﻠﻟ ﲔﻌﺑﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻦﻃﻮﻟﺍ ءﺎﻨﺑﺃ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻬﺴﻔﻧﺃ

ﻥ

ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻣ ﺕﺎﻳﻮﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻧﺰﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﻱﺮﺜُﻳ

"ﺾﻌﺒﻟ ﺎﻨﻀﻌﺑ ﺓﲑﺜﻛ ءﺎﻴﺷﺃ ﻞﻌﻔﻧ ﺎﻨﻠﻌﳚﻭ ،ﺎﻨﻄﺑﺍﻭﺭ

) 3

.(

2 - ﻲﳌﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺡﺮﺴﳌﺍ ﰲ ﻝﻮﺻﻷﺍ :ﺔﻳﻮﳍﺍ ﺔﻤﻴﺗ

ﺎﲟﺭﻭ .ﻦﻃﻮﻠﻟ ءﺎﻤﺘﻧﻻﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺍ :ﻞﺜﻣ ،ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻌﺑ (ﺔﻳﻮﳍﺍ) ﺢﻠﻄﺼﻣ ﺩﺪﺤﺘﻳ ﻧﺎﻛ ﺺﻨﻠﻟ ﻻﻮﺻﺃ ﺪﻌﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺹﻮﺼﻨﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺎﻴﺣﻼﻄﺻﺍ ﺓﺩﺪﳏ ﲑﻏ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻌﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺖ

(1) Demerjian,Louisa Mackay, “The age of Dystopia, one genre, our fears,

and our future”. (Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars publishing, 2016). 10.

(2) ﻲﻠﻋ

،ﺔﻔﻃﻭ ﻠﻠﻴﺸﻜﻴﻣ ﺲﻜﻴﻟﺍ ،ﺔﻳﻮﳍﺍ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣ"

ﺮﺗ ."ﻲ ﺔﲨ ﻁ) ،ﺔﻔﻃﻭ ﻲﻠﻋ : 1

ﻖﺸﻣﺩ ، : ﻢﻴﺳﻮﻟﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ

،ﺔﻴﻋﺎﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺨﻠﻟ 1993

ﻡ(

، 7

. ،ﻦﺻﺎﻴﺗﺭﺎﻣﺃ(3)

ﺮﺗ ."ﻲﻤﺘﳊﺍ ﲑﺼﳌﺍ ﻢﻫﻭ ،ﻒﻨﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻳﻮﳍﺍ"

ﺔﲨ ﻖﻴﻓﻮﺗ ﺮﺤﺳ : ﺔﻓﺮﻌﳌﺍ ﱂﺎﻋ ﺔﻠﺴﻠﺳ.

ﺖﻳﻮﻜﻟﺎﺑ ،

ﺏﺍﺩﻵﺍﻭ ﻥﻮﻨﻔﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻠﻟ ﲏﻃﻮﻟﺍ ﺲﻠﺠﳌﺍ 352

، ) 2008 :(ﻡ 18 .

(12)

209

ﺹﻮﺼﻨﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﺮﺧﺄﺘﻣ ﺮﻬﻇ ﺔﻳﻮﳍﺍ ﺢﻠﻄﺼﻣ ﻥﻷ ؛ﻲﺣﺮﺴﳌﺍ ﱵﻟﺍ

ﻢﻴﻫﺎﻔﳌﺍ ﺖﻨﻤﻀﺗ

ﺪﳊﺍ ﺔﺜﻳ ﺚﻳﺪﳊﺍ ﰊﻮﺘﺴﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ ﺹﻮﺼﻧ ﺖﻟﻭﺎﻨﺗﻭ .ﻡﻮﻴﻟﺍ ﱂﺎﻋ ﺎﻬﻤﻬﻔﻳ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﺴﻔﻧ

ﻭ ﻲﻋﻮﺑ ﺓﺮﺳﻷﺍ ﲑﻣﺪﺗ ﺔﻳﺭﺍﺮﻤﺘﺳﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺗﺍﺬﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﻮﳍﺍ"

ﰲ ﺔﻤﻛﺎﳊﺍ ﻞﺋﺎﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﺠﻬﻨﻣ

ﺔﻳﻮﳍﺍﻭ ﻞﺻﻷﺎﺑ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﳌﺍ ﺔﻠﺌﺳﻷﺍ ﺢﺒﺼﺗ ،ﺔﺛﺍﺪﳊﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺎﻣ ﱃﺇ ﻞﻘﺘﻨﻧ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋﻭ ،ﻊﻤﺘﺠﳌﺍ ،ﺔﺛﺍﺪﳊﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺎﻣ ﺎﻴﺑﻮﺘﺴﻳﺩ ﰲ ﺎﺤﺿﺍﻭ ﺲﻴﻟ ﺔﻳﻮﳍﺍ ﲑﻣﺪﺗ ﻥﺇ (...) ﺔﺑﻮﻌﺻ ﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﺕﺍﺬﻟﺍﻭ

"ﻪﻠﻤﻛﺄﺑ ﻪﻘﻴﻔﻠﺗ ﰲ ﺎﻴﻨﻤﺿ ﻦﻜﻟﻭ

) 1

ﳌﻮﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﻲﺟﻮﻠﻨﻜﺘﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﲎﻌﲟ ،(

ﻝﺎﻐﺸﻧﺍﻭ ،ﺔ

ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍﻭ ﺔﻳﺩﺮﻓ ﺔﻳﻮﻫ ﱃﺇ ﺔﺟﺎﳊﺎﺑ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﻹﺍ ﺪﻘﻔﻳ ﻪﺘﻠﻌﺟ ؛ﺓﺎﻴﳊﺍ ﺔﻣﺍﻭﺩ ﰲ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﺓﺮﺳﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺃﺪﺒﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﱐﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻂﺑﺍﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﰎ ﺪﻘﻓ .

ﺭﺎﻄﻗﻷﺍ ﰲ ﺓﺮﺳﻷﺍ" ﻍﺍﺮﻓﺇ

ﺎﻫﺍﻮﺘﳏ ﻦﻣ ﺎﺌﻴﺸﻓ ﺎﺌﻴﺷ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻨﺼﻟﺍ

، ﰲ ﺎﻤﻛ ﻞﻤﻋ ﺓﺪﺣﻭ ﺪﻌﺗ ﱂ ﻲﻬﻓ ﺔﻴﻋﺍﺭﺰﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﳌﺍ

ﺔﻴﻓﺮﳊﺍ ﻭﺃ

،

"ﺔﻴﻗﻼﺧﺃ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻨﻘﺗ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﺗ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﺪﻌﺗ ﱂﻭ

) 2

.(

ﻟﺍ ﺮﻄﳋﺍ ﺪﺻﺮﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﻵﺍﻭ ،ﻊﻤﺘﺠﳌﺍ ﲔﻋ ﻮﻫ ﺐﻳﺩﻷﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﲟﻭ ﻢﻫﺍﺪ

ﻓﺎﻧﻭ ، ﻲﻋﻮﻟﺍ ﺓﺬ

ﺔﻤﻴﺘﻟﺍ ﻚﻠﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ءﻮﻀﻟﺍ ﻂﻠﺴﻳ ﻪﻧﺈﻓ ؛ﺔﻓﺮﻌﳌﺍ ﺲﴰ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﻕﺮﺸﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺍ

ﺭﺎﺒﻟ ﲤ) ﺓﺯ (ﺔﻳﻮﳍﺍ ﻕﺰ

ﺍ ﱪﻋ ﺎﻴﻋﺍﻭ ﻻ "ﺎﻴﻤﻴﺗ" ﺎﻴﻗﻼﺗ ﺪّﻟﻭ ﺎﳑ ؛ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﳌﺍ ﺹﻮﺼﻨﻟﺍ ﱪﻋ ﻦﻣﺰﻟ

.

ﻥﻼﺑﺎﻛ ﺮﺗﺭﺎﻛ ﺐﻫﺬﻳ ،ﺔﻴﺑﺩﻷﺍ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺩﺪﻌﻟ ﻪﻠﻴﻠﲢ ءﻮﺿ ﰲﻭ

Carter

Kaplan

ﰲ ﻥﻮﺑﻬﺎﺸﺘﻣ ﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﱃﺇ "ﺏﺩﻷﺍ ﰲ ﺎﻴﺑﻮﺘﺴﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﻬﻇ" ﻪﺘﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﰲ

ﻲﻜﻳﺮﻣﻷﺍ ﻲﺋﺍﻭﺮﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﻮﻘﻣ ﱃﺇ ﻚﻟﺫ ﰲ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻳﻭ ،ﻯﱪﻜﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ )

ﻥﺎﻣﲑﻫ

ﻞﻔﻠﻴﻣ

1819 - 1891 Herman Melville

ﺍﻭﺭ ﰲ ( ﻪﺘﻳ "

ﺔﻘﺜﻟﺍ ﻞﺟﺮﻟﺍ

The 1857

confidence Man

"

ﻲﻫ ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻯﱪﻜﻟﺍ" ﺕﺎﻤﻴﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻦﻋ ﻒﺸﻜﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ

"ﲑﺒﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻮﻫ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺪﻴﺣﻮﻟﺍ ﻦﻳﺎﺒﺘﻟﺍ .ﻡﺎﻋ ﻒﻟﺃ ﺬﻨﻣ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﺎﻤﻛ ﻡﻮﻴﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﺴﻔﻧ

) 3

.(

(1)Demerjian, The age of Dystopia, one genre, our fears, and our future,

p10.

(2) ﻪﻴﺟﻭﺭ

،ﻱﺩﻭﺭﺎﻏ ﺮﺗ ."ﻞﻳﺪﺒﻟﺍ"

ﺔﲨ ﻁ) ،ﻲﺸﻴﺑﺍﺮﻃ ﺝﺭﻮﺟ : 2

ﺕﻭﲑﺑ ، : ،ﺏﺍﺩﻵﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ ﺕﺍﺭﻮﺸﻨﻣ

1988 ﻡ(

، 19 .

(3) Kaplan, Carter, “The advent of literary Dystopia”. (The Kent state university press, vol.40. No.3.1999). 209.

(13)

ﺮﻜﻔﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﻄﺗ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﻢﻬﻓ ﻥﺭﺎﻘﳌﺍ ﰐﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﺪﺻﺮﻟﺍ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻨﻨﻜﳝﻭ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻱﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﻲﻋﻮﻟﺍﻭ ﺍ

ﺕﺎﻓﺎﻘﺛﻭ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺃ ﰲ ﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﱃﺇ ﺓﺮﻈﻨﻟ ﺕﺎﻴﻓﺍﺮﻐﺟﻭ

ﺔﻳﺮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ ﺖﻋﺯﻭﻭ ،ﺔﻌﺑﺎﺘﺘﳌﺍ ﺹﻮﺼﻨﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ ﻖﻟﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺟﺭﺩ ﺕﺩﺪﻌﺗ ﺪﻗﻭ .ﺔﻔﻠﺘﳐ ﺔﻴﺗﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍﻭ ...ﺔﻳﻮﻴﻨﺒﻟﺍﻭ ،

ﺇ ﻪﺟﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﻚﻟﺫ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﰲ ﺎﻬﺒﻴﺼﻧ ﺔﻧﺭﺎﻘﳌﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻠﻟ ﻥﺎﻛﻭ ،ﱁ

ﻄﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺩﺪﺼﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﰲ ﲑﺸﻧ ﻥﺃ ﻦﻜﳝﻭ .ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﳌﺍ ﺎﻬﺳﺭﺍﺪﻣ ﰲ ﺎﻫﺪﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﻳﺮ

ﻥﺎﺘﻴﻓﺰﺗ) ﻑﻭﺭﺩﻮﺗ Tzvetan Todorov

( ﺎﻬﻀﻌﺑ ﺹﻮﺼﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﻦﻋ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﰲ

ﺪﻘﻓ ؛ﺾﻌﺒﺑ ﻊّﺳﻮﺗ

ﲑﺧﻷﺍ ﻪﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﰲ )

ﺔﻳﺮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ( ﺹﻮﺼﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﻦﻋ ﺚﻳﺪﳊﺍ ﰲ

،ﺓﺄﺸﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﺎﻬﻃﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻀﻌﺒﺑ ﻓ

ﻦﻣﻭ ،ﺮﺧﺁ ﱃﺇ ﺺﻧ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻳﻮﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻮﻫ ﺎﻤﺋﺍﺩ ﻞﺼﳛ ﻱﺬﻟﺎ

ﺽﺭﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻲﻔﳜ ،ﺮﺧﺁ ﺏﺎﻄﺧ ﱃﺇ ﺏﺎﻄﺧ ﻥﺃ ﻦﻜﳝ ﻼﻓ ،ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ ﻞﻌﺘﻔﳌﺍ

،ﺔﻴﻟﻮﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﻥﻭﺩ ﻝﻮﲢ ﻻ ﲎﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻣﻭ ،ﲎﺒﻟﺍ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﰲ ﻻﺇ ﰊﺩﻷﺍ ﺭﻮﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﻒﺼﻧ ﺎﻬﻗﺮﻄﻧ ﻲﻛ ﺎﻨﻳﺪﻟ ﺮﻓﻮﺘﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺪﻴﺣﻮﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﺒﺴﻟﺍ ﺎ�ﺇ ﻞﺑ

) 1

.(

ﻩﺬﻫ ﺔﻟﻭﺎﺤﳌﺍ ﻡﻮﻘﺗ –

ﺱﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﰲ -

ﰐﺎﻤﻴﺗ" ﺪﻌُﺑ ﻰﻠﻋ

Thematic

"

ﻊﺒﺘﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﲎﺒُﻳ

ﻦﻣ ﺕﺎﻤﻴﺘﻟﺍ ،ﺔﻴﺣﺎﻧ ﻦﻣ ﺹﻮﺼﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺑ ﺓﺪﺣﻮﻟ ﻖﻴﻤﻋ ﻢﻬﻓ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ،ﺔﻴﺛﺍﺭﻮﻟﺍ ﺎﺗﻬﻼﺻ ﻝﻼﺧ

ﻣ ﰲ ﺝﺭﺪﺘﻟﺍ ﱃﺇﻭ ﺎﻴﺑﺩﺃ ﺎﻫﺭﻮﻄﺗﻭ ﺎﻬﺟﺭﺪﺗ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺔﻓﺮﻌ

" ﻊﺒﺘﺘﻨﻓ .ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﺔﻴﺣﺎﻧ ﻦﻣ ﻕﺰﲤ

ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻯﺪﻟ ﺔﻳﻮﳍﺍ ) ﺱﻮﻧﻭ ﻟﻠﻪﺍ ﺪﻌﺳ ﺹﻮﺼﻧ ﰲ

1941 - 1997 ﻝﻮﺻﺃ ﻊﻣ ﺎ�ﺭﺎﻘﻧﻭ ،(

ِﻟ ﺔﻟﻭﺎﳏ ﰲ ؛ﺔﻴﺣﺮﺴﳌﺍ ﺹﻮﺼﻨﻟﺍ ﰲ" ﺕﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ

َﻠ

َﻠﻤ َﻤ ﺎﻴﻧﺎﻣﺯ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﳌﺍ ﺹﻮﺼﻨﻟﺍ ﻚﻠﺗ ﺔ

ﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﻳﺅﺭﻭ ﺎﻬﺘﻏﺎﻴﺻ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇﻭ ،ﺎﻴﻓﺍﺮﻐﺟ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﳌﺍ ﻖﻓﻭ ﺎﺗﻬءﺍﺮﻗﻭ ﺔﻛﺮﺘﺸﳌﺍ ﺔﻤﻴﺘﻟﺍ ﺱﺎﺳﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ

ﺢﻨﲤ ﱵﻟﺍ ءﺎﺼﻗﻹﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻂﺑﺍﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﺝﺫﺎﳕ ﻆﻘﻴﻟﺍ ﺉﺭﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻒﺸﺘﻜﻳ" ﺚﻴﲝ ،ﻥﺭﺎﻘﳌﺍ ﰐﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ

�ﻣ ﻞﻤﻋ ﺕﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﺎ

ﻻ ،ﻑﺪﳍﺍ ﺍﺬﺑﻬ .ﺓﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻥﺎﻌﻣ ﺝﺎﺘﻧﺇ ﰲ ﻂﻴﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﺩ ﻥﺃ ﻦﻜﳝ

"ﺔﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺩﺮﳎ ﺎﻬﻔﺻﻮﺑ ﺎﺒﻧﺎﺟ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﳌﺍ ﺓءﺍﺮﻗ ﻊﺿﻮﺗ

) 2

.(

(1) ﺮﻈﻨﻳ : ﻥﺎﻄﻴﻓﺰﺗ ﻑﻭﺭﻭﺩﻮﻃ

، ﺮﺗ ."ﺔﻳﺮﻌﺸﻟﺍ"

ﺔﲨ ﻁ) ،ﺔﻣﻼﺳ ﻦﺑ ءﺎﺟﺭﻭ ﺕﻮﺨﺒﳌﺍ ﻱﺮﻜﺷ : 2

ﺭﺍﺪﻟﺍ ،

ءﺎﻀﻴﺒﻟﺍ :

،ﺮﺸﻨﻠﻟ ﻝﺎﻘﺑﻮﺗ ﺭﺍﺩ 1990

ﻡ(

، 76 - 77

. (2)

ﺮﺗ ."ﺓﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﺒﻄﺗﻭ ﺕﺎﻫﺎﲡﺍ ،ﻥﺭﺎﻘﳌﺍ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ ﱘﺪﻘﺗ" ،ﻥﻭﺮﺧﺁﻭ ﺰﻴﻐﻨﻴﻣﻭﺩ ﺭﺰﻴﺳ ﺔﲨ

ﺐﻠﻄﳌﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ ﺩﺍﺆﻓ : .

ﺔﻓﺮﻌﳌﺍ ﱂﺎﻋ ﺔﻠﺴﻠﺳ) ﺖﻳﻮﻜﻟﺎﺑ

ﳌﺍ ، ﺏﺍﺩﻵﺍﻭ ﻥﻮﻨﻔﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻠﻟ ﻰﻠﻋﻷﺍ ﺲﻠﺠ 451

، ) 2017 (:

135 .

(14)

211

ﺕﺎﻤﻴﺗ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺎﺗﻬﺎﻘﻟﺎﻌﺗﻭ ﻯﱪﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻴﺘﻟﺍ ﺶﻗﺎﻨﻧ ﰐﺄﻳ ﺎﻤﻴﻓﻭ ﺟ

ﺔﻴﺋﺰ

ّﻜﺸﺗ ﻞ

.ﺔﻳﻮﻬﻠﻟ ﰐﺎﻤﻴﺘﻟﺍ ﺪﻌﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻄﺑﺍﺮﺘﻣ ﺃ ﺔﻳﻮﳍﺍ ﻕﺰﲤﻭ ﺮﻬﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻄﻠﺳ . :

ﳌﺍﻭ ﺔﻤﻛﺎﳊﺍﻭ ﻯﱪﻜﻟﺍ ﻲﻫ (ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﺔﻳﻮﳍﺍ ﻕﺰﲤ) ﺔﻤﻴﺗ ﺪﻌُﺗ ﻠﺴﺘ

ﰲ ﺔﻄ ﺃ ﻠﻏ ﺐ

ﺣﺮﺴﻣ ﺽﺮﻌﺑ ﻲﻫ ﻻﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻠﺴﺘﻠﻟ ﺖﺴﻴﻟ ﻪﺗﺎﻳﺎﻜﺤﻓ ،ﺱﻮﻧﻭ ﻟﻠﻪﺍ ﺪﻌﺳ ﺹﻮﺼﻧ ﻨﻳ ﻲ

ﻲﺸﺘ

ﻧﻹﺍ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻟﺍ ﻁﺮﺷ ﰲ ﻞّﻣﺄﺗ ﻲﻫ ﻞﺑ ،ﺪﻫﺎﺸﳌﺍ ﻪﻌﻣ ﺒﻗﺎﺛ ﺓﺮﻈﻧﻭ ،ﱐﺎﺴ

ﲣ ﺔ ﺍ ﻕﺮﺘ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺘﻟ

؛

ﳌﺍ ﻊﻣ ﻢﻏﺎﻨﺘﺗ ﺔﻴﻨﻘﺗ ﻲﻫﻭ .ﱐﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻕﺰﻤﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﱂﻷﺍ ﻖﻤﻋ ﱃﺇ ﻞﺼﺘﻟ ﺡﺮﺴ

ﻠﳌﺍ ﻲﻤﺤ

ﻖﻠﳋ ؛ﺕﺎﻳﺎﻜﳊﺍ ﻪﻔﻴﻇﻮﺗ ﰲ "ﱵﳜﱪﻟﺍ"

ﻬﺟﻭ ﺪﺋﺎﺴﻠﻟ ﺓﺮﻳﺎﻐﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺔ ﻭ

ﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻊﻗ ﰲ ﺭﺎﻃﺇ

ﺍ ﺲﺑﺪﻟﺍ ﻊﺋﺎﺑ) ﺔﻴﺣﺮﺴﻣ ﻲﻔﻓ .ﻪﺗﺎﻧﺎﻌﻣﻭ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﺮﻫﻮﺟ ﺲﻣﻼﻳ ﻲﺣﺮﺴﻣ ﲑﻘﻔﻟ

،

1964

َﻟ ﻻﻭﺎﳏ ،(ﺲﺑﺪﻟﺍ ﻊﺋﺎﺑ) ﺭﻮّﻀﺧ ﻰﻈﺸﺘﻳ ،(

َﻠﻤ

َﻤ ﺘﻧ ؛ﻩﺎﻳﺎﻘﺑ ﺔ ﺔﺠﻴ

ﺍ ﻒﺴﻌﺘﻟ ﻢﻠﻈﻟﺍﻭ

(ﺭﻮﻀﺧ) ﻪﲰﺍ ﲑﻘﻓ ﻞﺟﺭ ﻦﻋ ،ﺔﻴﺣﺮﺴﳌﺍ ﻲﻜﲢ .ﺎﻳﺍﻮﻨﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻢﻜﳊﺍﻭ ﻳ

ﻊﻴﺒ ﺍ

،ﺲﺑﺪﻟ

ﺽﺮﻌﺘﻳ ﻮﻧﺃ ﻰﺴﻗﻷ ﻦﺠﺴﻟﺍﻭ ﻥﺍﻮﳍﺍﻭ ﺔﻟﺬﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻘﺸﳌﺍ ﻉﺍ

ﱂ ءﺎﻴﺷﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻌﻔﻳ

،ﺎﻬﻠ ﺑ ﻮﻨﻳ ﱂ ﻞ

ﻬﻠﻌﻓ (ﻦﺴﺣ) ﺔﻄﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻴﻋ ﺎﺗﻬﺮّﺴﻓﻭ .ﺎ -

ﺎﺑ ﻥﻮﺠﻌﳌﺍ ﺎﻬﺟﺍﺰﻣ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺍﻭ ﺔﺒﻳﺮﻟ

ﻑﻮﳋ . ..

.ﺓﺮﻣﺍﺆﻣﻭ ﺔﻧﺎﻴﺧ ﺎ�ﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ :ﻦﺴﺣ "

..ﺔﺟﺍﺬﺴﻟﺍ ﻞﻤ� ﻻﺃ ﻲﻐﺒﻨﻳ ..ﺔﺟﺍﺬﺴﻟﺎﺑ ﻊﻨﻘﳌﺍ ﻂﺨﺴﻟﺍ ﻭ

ﲣ ﻻﺃ ﺎﻨﻋﺪ

(...) ﺔﻌﻨﻗﻷﺍ ﻮّﻀﺧ

"ﲏﺑﺍ ﻯﺭﺃ ﻥﺃ ﺪﻳﺭﺃ .ﱐﻮﻛﺮﺗﺍ .ﺎﲦﺇ ﻑﺮﺘﻗﺃ ﱂ ﺔﺒﻌﻜﻟﺍ ﻖﺣﻭ .ﱐﻮﻛﺮﺗﺍ :ﺭ

) 1

.(

ﺃﻭ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻫﻹﺍ ﺕﻼﻳﻭ ﻦﻣ ﱐﺎﻌﻳﻭ ﻦﺠﺴﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺮﻬﺷﺃ ﺔﺘﺳ ﺭﻮﻀﺧ ﻲﻀﻘﻳﻭ ﻰﺴﻗ

ﺎﺼﺨﺷ ﻲﻘﺘﻠﻳ ﻦﺠﺴﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻪﺟﻭﺮﺧ ﺪﻌﺑﻭ .ﺏﺍﺬﻌﻟﺍ ﻋ ﻦﻣ (ﲔﺴﺣ) ﻰﻤﺴﻳ ﺮﺧﺁ

ﻥﻮﻴ

ﺔﻄﻠﺴﻟﺍ

َﻘﻠُﻳﻭ ،ﻦﻈﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻬﺒﺸﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻢﻛﺎﲢ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﺓﺮﻣ ﺭﻮّﻀﺧ ﻰ

ﰲ ﻟﺍ ،ﻦﺠﺴ ﻭ َﻀﻘُﻳ ﻰ

.ﻪﺘﻴﻧﺎﺴﻧﺇﻭ ﻪﺘﻴﻣﺩﺁ ﻦﻣ ﻰﻘﺒﺗ ﺎﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ

(1) ﻟﻠﻪﺍ ﺪﻌﺳ

،ﺱﻮﻧﻭ

"ﲑﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﺲﺑﺪﻟﺍ ﻊﺋﺎﺑ ﺔﻴﺣﺮﺴﻣ"

. ﻁ) 1 ﺕﻭﲑﺑ ، : ﺏﺍﺩﻵﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ - ﺔﻠﻣﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ،

2004 ،(ﻡ 1 : 335 - 334 .

(15)

ﻟ .ﺎﻧﺃ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻠﻋﺃ ﻻ ..ﺏﺮﻟﺍ ﻖﺣﻭ ،ﻱﺪﻴﺳ ..ﻢﻠﻋﺃ ﻻ ..ﻩﺁ :ﺭﻮﻀﺧ"

ﲏﻠﻌ ﺷ ﺖﺴﻟ ﺎﺌﻴ

.ﺔﺴﺑﺎﻳ ﺓﺮﺠﺷ ﻦﺼﻏ ﻭﺃ ﺮﺠﺣ ﲏﻠﻌﻟ .ﺔﺘﺒﻟﺍ ﻪﻨﻜﻟ ،ﲑﺴﻳ ﻥﺃ ﻝﻭﺎﳛ .ﻉﺭﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﻂﺳﻭ ﻮﳓ ﻒﺣﺰﻳ .ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺇ ﺔﻳﺎﻔﻧ ﺭﻮﻀﺧ ﺢﺒﺼﻳ

"ﺖﻠﻔﺳﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻣﺎﻄﺣ ﻰﻋﺍﺪﺘﻳﻭ ﻮﺒﻜﻳ

) 1 .(

ﺄﻛﻭ ﺘﺴﺗ (ﺭﻮّﻀﺧ) ﻰﻠﻋ ﺱﺭﺎﻤُﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺏﻼﺘﺳﻻﺍﻭ ﻕﺰﻤﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻥ ﺇ ﺮﻤ

ﻥﺃ ﱃ

،ﻒﻴﺻﺮﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺜﺟ) ﺔﻴﺣﺮﺴﻣ ﰲ ﺓﺪﻣﺎﻫ ﺔﺜﺟ ﱃﺇ ﻝﻮﺤﺘﻳ 1964

ﻟﺍ ( ﻄﺗ ﱵ ﻕﺰﲤ ﺡﺮ

ﺕﺎﻤﳌﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ

؛ ﺑﻬ ﺚﺒﻌﺗ ،ﻒﻴﺻﺮﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺎﻘﻠﻣ ،ﺓﺪﻣﺎﻫ ﺔﺜﳉﺎﻓ ﻷﺍ ﺎ

ﺭﺍﺪﻗ ﺢﺒﺼﺗﻭ ،

ﻧﻹﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﻰﻠﻋﺃ ﺐﻠﻜﻟﺍ ﺢﺒﺼﻳﻭ ،ﻯﺮﺘﺸُﺗﻭ ﻉﺎﺒُﺗ ﺔﻌﻠﺳ ﻬﺸﻣ ﰲ .ﻥﺎﺴ

ﺗ ﺪ ﺺﻜﺘﻨ ﻓ ﻪﻴ

ﺣ ﺮﻬﻈُﺘﻟ ؛ﻢﻴﻘﻟﺎﺑ ﺶﻛﺭﺰﳌﺍ ﺎﻫءﺍﺩﺭ ﻊﻠﲣﻭ ،ءﺍﺭﻮﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﺔﻘﻴﻘ

ﺋﺬﻟﺍ .ﻱﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺐ

.ﺔﺜﺟ ﻦﻋ ﻥﺎﺛﺪﺤﺘﺗ ﺎﻤﻜﺘﻌﲰ :ﺪﻴﺴﻟﺍ"

.ﻩﻭﺃ ،ﻑﻮﲞ ﺎﻜﺒﺗﺮﻣ :ﻲﻃﺮﺸﻟﺍ ،ﺯﺍﺰﺌﴰﺎﺑ ﻼﻣﺄﺘﻣ ﻪﻟﻮﺣ ﺭﻭﺪﻳ ،ﻂﺋﺎﳊﺍ ﺭﺍﻮﺟ ﱃﺇ ﻥﻮﻛﺮﳌﺍ ﺪﺴﳉﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺏﺮﺘﻘﻳ :ﺪﻴﺴﻟﺍ

ﺩﻮﺼﻘﳌﺍ ﻮﻫ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻥﺃ ﻦﲬﺃ ﰲ ﺮﻜﻓﺃ ﱐﺇ .ﻥﺎﻨﲝ ﺐﻠﻜﻟﺍ ﺱﺃﺭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺖﺑﲑﻓ ﲏﺤﻨﻳ ﰒ (...)

"ﻥﺫﺇ ﻪﺋﺍﺮﺷ

) 2

.(

"ﻒﻴﺻﺮﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺜﺟ"ﻭ "ﲑﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﺲﺑﺪﻟﺍ ﻊﺋﺎﺑ ﺓﺎﺳﺄﻣ" ﺎﺼﻧ ﻞﻣﺎﻜﺘﻳﻭ ﰲ

ﺣﻭ ﺓﺪ

ﲢ ﻻ ﺔﻳﻭﺎﺳﺄﻣ ﺎﻳﺪﻴﺟﺍﺮﺗ ﰲ ﱐﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻕﺰﻤﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺱﺆﺒﻟﺍ ﺩﺮﺴﺗ ﺔﻳﺪﻬﺸﻣ ﻲﻜ

ﻗ ﺧ" ﺔﺼ "ﺭﻮﻀ

ﺍﺪﻌُﺑ ﻞﻤﺠﳌﺍ ﰲ ﻲﻜﲢ ﺎﻬﻨﻜﻟﻭ ،ﻂﻘﻓ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺴﻧﻺﻟ ﺎﻘﻴﻤﻋ

ﺔﺒﻠﺘﺴﳌﺍ

؛ ﻟ ﺰﻣﺮﺘ ﻼﻌﺑ ﺎﺗﻬﺎﻣ

ﻚﻠﲤ ﻻ ﺔﻘﺒﻃ ﱃﺇ "ﲑﻘﻔﻟﺍ" "ﺲﺑﺪﻟﺍ ﻊﺋﺎﺑ" "ﻦﺠﺴﻟﺍ"

ﻖﺣ ﺔﲪﺮﻟﺍ ﺐﻠﻃ ﺃ ،

ﱴﺣ ﻭ ًءﺎﺟﺭ

ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺲﻤﺘﻠﺗ -

ﻭ ﺎﳍﺎﻴﺧ ﰲ ﻮﻟ -

ﲢ .ﺔﻠﺿﺎﻓ ﺔﻨﻳﺪﻣ ﻖﻴﻘ

ﺔﻳﺯﺍﻮﺘﻣ ﺓﺮﻈﻨﺑﻭ ﱃﺇ

ﺹﻮﺼﻧ ﺪﳒ ،ﻲﳌﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺡﺮﺴﳌﺍ ﺓﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺔﻳﻮﳍﺍ ﻕﺰﲤ ﺔﻤﻴﺗ

ﺔﻳﺅﺭ ﰲ

ﺎﻣﺯﺃ ﱪﻋ ﺓﺪﺣﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﻤﻠﻟ ءﺎﺑﺩﻷﺍ ،ﻲﺿﺎﳌﺍ ﺪﻴﻟﻭ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟﺍ" ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻥﺄﻜﻓ .ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﳌﺍ ﺎ�

(1) ،ﺱﻮﻧﻭ

"

ﲑﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﺲﺑﺪﻟﺍ ﻊﺋﺎﺑ ﺔﻴﺣﺮﺴﻣ

،"

355 - 356

."ﻒﻴﺻﺮﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺜﺟ ﺔﻴﺣﺮﺴﻣ" ،ﺱﻮﻧﻭ ﻟﻠﻪﺍ ﺪﻌﺳ (2) .

ﻁ) 1

، ﺕﻭﲑﺑ : ﺏﺍﺩﻵﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ - ﺔﻠﻣﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ،

2004 ،(ﻡ 1 : 399 .

(16)

213

"ﺪﻴﻌﺒﻟﺍ ﱘﺪﻘﻟﺍ ﺪﻴﻟﻭ ﺎﻬﻴﺿﺎﻣﻭ

) 1

ﺐﺋﺎﻘﳊﺍ ﻭﺫ ﻞﺟﺮﻟﺍ) ﺔﻴﺴﻧﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺣﺮﺴﳌﺍ ﻲﻜﲢ .(

L'Homme aux valises

ﻮﻜﺴﻧﻮﻳ ﲔﺟﻮﻴﻟ) (1975

Eugène Ionesco

ــ1909

ﺤﺒﻳﻭ ،ﲔﺘﺒﻴﻘﺣ ﻞﻤﳛ ﻞﺟﺭ ﺔﺼﻗ (1994

ﺮﻘﺘﺴﻳﻭ ،ﻪﻴﻟﺇ ﺄﺠﻠﻳ ﻥﺎﻜﻣ ﻦﻋ ﺚ

ﻪﻴﻓ

، ﰲ ﻞﺧﺪﻴﻓ ﺭﻮﺼُﺗﻭ ،ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻳﻮﳍﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺔﻴﻠﺼﻔﻣ ﺔﻠﺌﺳﺃ ﺎﳍﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺭﺎﺜُﺗ ،ﺕﺎﻋﺍﺮﺻ

.ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﺓﺎﻴﲝ ﱂ ﺎﳊﺍﻭ ،ﺭﺍﺮﻘﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﺔﻨﳏ (ﺐﺋﺎﻘﳊﺍ ﻭﺫ ﻞﺟﺮﻟﺍ) ﺔﻴﺼﻨﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﺒﺘﻋ ﺔﻳﺍﺪﺑ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﺣﺮﺴﳌﺍ ﻂﻠﺴﺗ ﺍ

ءﻮﻀﻟ ﺫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻚﻟ

،ﺱﻮﳍﺍ ﺔﺟﺭﺪﻟ ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻪﻌﻣ ﻰﻈﺸﺘﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﰐﺎﻳﻮﳍﺍﻭ ﱐﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻕﺰﻤﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﺍﺪﻘﻓﻭ

ﻛﺍﺬﻟﺍ ﺮﺓ .

ﺎﻧﺃ (...) ﺪﻠﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻐﻟ ﻑﺮﻋﺃ ﺪﻋﺃ ﱂ .ﺐﺋﺎﻘﺣ ﻻﻭ ﺮﻔﺳ ﺯﺍﻮﺟ ﻻ :ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﻞﺟﺮﻟﺍ"

ﻲﻤﺘﻧﺃ ﻞﺟﺃ ،ﱘﺪﻗ ﻦﻃﺍﻮﻣ ﺎﻧﺃ ،ﺔﻤﻠﻜﻟﺍ ﲎﻌﲟ ﺎﻴﺒﻨﺟﺃ ﺲﻴﻟ ﻊﻗﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﰲ ،ﱯﻨﺟﺃ ﺮﻓﺎﺴﻣ

"ﻢﻛﺪﻠﺒﻟ

) 2

.(

ّﻴﻘﻳﺰﲤ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺎﻬﻠﻛ ،ﻙﺎﻨﻫﻭ ﺎﻨﻫ ﻦﻣ ﻑﺫﺎﻘﺘﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺏﺍﺮﻄﺿﻻﺍﻭ ﺩﺩﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻭﺪﺒﻳ ﺔ

ﳉﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺏﻼﺘﺳﺍﻭ ،ﺩﺮﻔﻠﻟ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﺓﺪﺣﻮﻟﺍ ﱃﺇ (ﱘﺪﻗ ﻦﻃﺍﻮﻣ ﺎﻧﺃ) ﺔﻠﲨ ﺎﻨﻠﻴﲢﻭ .ﺭﻭﺬ

ﻡﺪﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺮﺷﺎﺒﻣ ﺔﻟﻻﺩ ،ﺮﻤﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﺐﺋﺎﻘﳊﺍ ﻞﲪﻭ .ﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﲏﺑ ﻞﻛ ﺎﺑﻬ ﻊﺘﻤﺘﻳ ﻥﺃ ﺐﳚ ﻥﺍﺪﻠﺒﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ ﺮﻤﺘﺴﳌﺍ ﻞﻘﻨﺘﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺭﺍﺮﻘﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﻕﺰﻤﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﻉﺎﻴﻀﻟﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﺮﻌﺸُﺗ ،

، ﺖﻠّﻜﺷ ﺪﻘﻓ

ﺒﺘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ،ﻪﺘﻴﺣﺮﺴﻣ ﰲ "ﻮﻜﺴﻧﻮﻳ" ﺕﺎﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﺭﺍﻮﳊﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﳍﻼﻈﺑ ﺖﻘﻟﺃ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺮﺜﻌ

ﺔﻨﻜﳑ ﻱﺃ ،ﲑﻜﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺔﻗﺮﻐﺘﺴﻣ ﺔﻴﺣﺮﺴﳌﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﺪﻗﻭ .ﻲﺣﺮﺴﳌﺍ ﻕﺎﺒﻄﻧﻻﺍ

ﻦﻣﺯ ﻱﺃ ﰲﻭ ،ﺺﺨﺷ ﻱﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ

؛ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻖﻠﻃﺃ ﺍﺬﻟﻭ :

،ﺏﺎﺸﻟﺍ ،ﻡﺎﺳﺮﻟﺍ ،ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﻞﺟﺮﻟﺍ)

(ﺓﺃﺮﳌﺍ

) 3

ﺇ .(

ﻠﻳ ﻲﺣﺮﺴﳌﺍ ﻮﻜﺴﻧﻮﻳ ﺺﻨﻟ ﻲﻘﻠﺘﳌﺍ ﻥ ﺎﺜﺒﻋ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﺃ ﺔﻠﻫﻭ ﻝﻭﻷ ﻆﺤ

ﻡﺪﻋﻭ

ﻂﺑﺍﺮﺗ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜﻟﺍﻭ ﺙﺍﺪﺣﻷﺍ ﲔﺑ ﻭﺪﺒﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺔﻨﻣﺯﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻨﻜﻣﻷﺍ ﲔﺑ ﻂﻠﳋﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ

.ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﻞﺟﺮﻟﺍﻭ ﻡﺎﺳﺮﻟﺍ ﲔﺑ ﺭﺍﻮﳊﺍ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻞﺜﳝﻭ ،ﻂﺑﺍﺮﺗﻭ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻧﺍ ﻡﺪﻋ ﻪﻧﺃ ﺔﻠﻫﻭ ﻝﻭﻷ

(1) ﻥﻻﻭﺭ

،ﺕﺭﺎﺑ ﺮﺗ ."ﺔﻳﺎﻜﺤﻠﻟ ﻱﻮﻴﻨﺒﻟﺍ ﺪﻘﻨﻟﺍ"

ﺔﲨ ﻁ) ،ﺪﻳﺯ ﻮﺑﺃ ﻥﺍﻮﻄﻧﺃ : 1

ﺕﻭﲑﺑ ، - ﺲﻳﺭﺎﺑ : ﺕﺍﺭﻮﺸﻨﻣ

،ﺕﺍﺪﻳﻮﻋ 1988 ﻡ(

، 10

. ،ﻮﻜﺴﻧﻮﻳﲔﺟﻮﻳ(2)

ﺮﺗ ."ﺐﺋﺎﻘﳊﺍ ﻭﺫ ﻞﺟﺮﻟﺍ"

ﺔﲨ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﻧ : .

ﺩﻵﺍﻭ ﻥﻮﻨﻔﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻓﺎﻘﺜﻠﻟ ﲏﻃﻮﻟﺍ ﺲﻠﺠﳌﺍ)

ﺏﺍ .116-115: ﻡ(2015 ،376 ،ﺖﻳﻮﻜﻟﺎﺑ

(3) ،ﻮﻜﺴﻧﻮﻳ

"

ﺐﺋﺎﻘﳊﺍ ﻭﺫ ﻞﺟﺮﻟﺍ

،"

117 .

(17)

:ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﻞﺟﺮﻟﺍ"

؟ﺩﻮﺸﳊﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ءﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍ ﺎﻨﻴﻠﻋ ﻞﻫ

ﻡﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻦﳓ ،ﺮﻣﻷﺍ ﻚﻴﻠﻋ ﻂﻠﺘﺧﺍ ﺪﻘﻟ :ﻡﺎﺳﺮﻟﺍ 1938

ﺓﺭﻮﺜﻟﺍ ،ﺍﺬﻫ ﺭﻮﺼﺘﺗ ﻞﻫ ،

ﺗﻻ ﺡﺎﻳﺭ ﻝﺍﺰﺗ ﻻ .ﺓﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻝﺍﺰ 1789

ﻡﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺎﻨﻧﺃ ﻟﻠﻪ ﺍﺪﲪ (...) ﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺮﲤ

1938 ﻡﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻥﺃﻭ 1944

"ﺪﻌﺑ ﺕﺄﻳ ﱂ

) 1

.(

ﰲ ءﻼﺷﺃ ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻊﻴﻀﻴﻓ ،ﱐﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍﻭ ﰐﺎﻳﻮﳍﺍ ﻕﺰﻤﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺚﺒﻌﻟﺍ ﻚﻟﺫ ﱃﺇ ﺺﻨﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﺤُﻳ ﺭﻭﺎﺗ ﻥﺎﳝﻻ" ﻪﻔﺼﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻦﻳﺮﺸﻌﻟﺍ ﻥﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻄﺣ ـ 1940

Lyman Tower

ﻪﻧﺄﺑ ،"

ﻥﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﺮﻳﺮﳌﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻮﻟﺍﻭ ﰊﻮﺘﺴﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﺮﻘﻟﺎﺑ" ﻪﺘﻴﻤﺴﺗ ﻖﺤﺘﺴﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ

"

) 2

ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻕﺮﻏﺃ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ (

ﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﳎ ﻮﻫ" ﻮﻜﺴﻧﻮﻳ ﺡﺮﺴﻤﻓ ،ﻢﻠﻈﻟﺍ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺃ ﻰﺴﻗﺃ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺱﺭﺎﻤُﻳ ﻢﻠﻈﻣ ﱂﺎﻌﺑ ﲔﻳﺎﺣﺃ ﰲﻭ ،ﻡﺪﻘﺗ ﺎﳌ ﻝﻮﻠﺣ ﻥﺎﻴﺣﻷﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ ﰲ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻳﺎ� ﻰﻠﻋ ﻞﻤﺘﺸﺗ ﺪﻗ ،ﺔﻄﺑﺍﺮﺘﻣ ﲑﻏ ﻤﳉﺍ ﺩﺮﻟ ﺍﺭﺎﻈﺘﻧﺍ ﻝﻮﻠﺣ ﻥﻭﺪﺑ ﻙﺮﺘﺗ ﻯﺮﺧﺃ

"ﺭﻮﻬ

) 3

؛ (

ﻍﺪﻏﺪﺗ ﺔﻘﻠﻗ ﺎﻳﺎﻀﻗ ﲑﺜﺗ ﻲﻬﻓ ﺍﺬﻟ

.ﻪﺗﻼﻜﺸﲟ ﻲﻋﻮﻟﺍ ﻖﻠﺧﻭ ،ﺔﻈﻘﻴﻟﺍ ﺔﺟﺭﺪﻟ ﻩﲑﺜﺗﻭ ﱐﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻟﺍ ﻱﺪﺣﻭ ﺎﻧﺃ (...) ﻦﲦ ﻱﺄﺑ ﺎﻬﻓﺮﻋﺃ ﻥﺃ ﺪﻳﺭﺃ .ﱄﻮﺻﺃ ﻑﺮﻋﺃ ﻥﺃ ﺪﻳﺭﺃ :ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﻞﺟﺮﻟﺍ

ّﺮﻣ (...) ﺍﺪﺟ ﺪﻴﻌﺑ ﻦﻣﺯ ﺬﻨﻣ .ﺪﻴﻌﺑ ﻦﻣﺯ ﻦﻣ ﻥﻮﻌﺑﺭﺃ ،ﺎﻣﺎﻋ ﻥﻮﺛﻼﺛ ،ﺎﻣﺎﻋ ﻥﻭﺮﺸﻋ ﺕ

ّﺮﻣ ،ﺎﻣﺎﻋ ﻃ ﻦﻣﺯ

"ﻆﻘﻳ ﺎﻧﺃﻭ ﻡﻮﻨﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺖﻗﺮﻐﺘﺳﺍ .ﻦﻣﺰﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻛ ﻱﺭﺩﺃ ﻻ ،ﻞﻳﻮ

) 4

.(

ﻜﻟ ﺔﻗﺭﺆﻣ ،ﻝﻮﺻﻷﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻥﺇ ﻞﻫﻷﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺚﺤﺒﻳ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺇ ﻞ

ﻭ ﻧﻻﺍ ءﺎﻤﺘ

،

ﻮﻳ ﺎﻬﻔﺻﻭ ﺎﻤﻛ ﻭﺃ ،ﻲﺣﻭﺮﻟﺍ ﺕﻮﳌﺍ ﻪﺒﺸُﺗ ،ﻉﺎﻴﻀﻟﺍﻭ ﻡﺫﺮﺸﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋﻭ ﻮﻜﺴﻧ

ﺍ ﰲ ﺓﺮﻘﻔﻟ

ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ."ﻆﻘﻳ ﺎﻧﺃﻭ ﻡﻮﻨﻟﺍ ﰲ ﻕﺍﺮﻐﺘﺳﺍ"

ﺃ ﺮﻛﺬﻟﺎﺑ ﺮﻳﺪﳉﺍ ﻦﻣﻭ ﺖﳜﺮﺑ ﺡﺮﺴﲟ) ﺍﲑﺜﻛ ﺮﺛﺄﺗ ﻲﺳﻮﻧﻮﻟﺍ ﺡﺮﺴﳌﺍ ﻥ

Brecht

Bertolt ـ1898

ـ

( 1956

،ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﻑﻭﺮﻈﻟﺍ ﺔﺻﺎﲞﻭ ﻊﻗﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﺎﳉﺎﻋ ﺎﻤ�ﻷ ؛ﻮﻜﺴﻧﻮﻳﻭ

(1) ،ﻮﻜﺴﻧﻮﻳ

"

ﺐﺋﺎﻘﳊﺍ ﻭﺫ ﻞﺟﺮﻟﺍ

،"

60 .

(2) Cojocaru, Daniel, “Violence and dystopia, mimesis and sacrifice in contemporary western dystopian narratives”. (Newcastle: Cambridge scholars publishing, 2015), 1.

(3) ﻁ) ."ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ ﻱﺮﻜﻔﻟﺍ ﺡﺮﺴﳌﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﰲ ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣ" ،ﺮﻘﺻ ﺪﲪﺃ 1

ﺔﻳﺭﺪﻨﻜﺳﻹﺍ ، :

ﺔﻳﺭﺪﻨﻜﺳﻹﺍ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ

،ﺏﺎﺘﻜﻠﻟ 2020 ﻡ(

، 21

. (4)

"ﺐﺋﺎﻘﳊﺍ ﻭﺫ ﻞﺟﺮﻟﺍ" ،ﻮﻜﺴﻧﻮﻳ

، 78 ـ 84 .

(18)

215

ﻞﻴﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ ،ﻦﻳﺮﺸﻌﻟﺍ ﻥﺮﻘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﻒﺼﻨﻟﺍ ﺎﻫﺪﻬﺷ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻤﻬﳌﺍ ﺙﺍﺪﺣﻷﺍ ﺎﺻﻮﺼﺧﻭ

" ﺔﻴﺳﻭﺮﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﻮﺜﻟﺍ 1917

ﺑﺮﳊﺍﻭ ،"

ﲔ ﻴﳌﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﲔﺘ 1914 ، 1945 ﺎﻀﻘﻟﺍﻭ "

ﺎﻳ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍ

ﱂﺎﻌﻟﺎﺑ ﺖﻔﺼﻋ ﱵﻟﺍ .

ﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺮﻄﻴﺴﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻢﻫﻮﻟﺍ ﺪﻳﺪﺒﺗ" ﺎﻤﻬﺣﺮﺴﲟ ﺎﻋﺎﻄﺘﺳﺍﻭ

"ﻪﻣﺎﻣﺃ ﻱﺮﳚ ﺎﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻢﻜﳊﺍ ﺔﺻﺮﻓ ﺝﺮﻔﺘﻤﻠﻟ ﺢﻴﺘﻳ ﺎﳑ ،ﻲﺣﺮﺴﳌﺍ ﺽﺮﻌﻟﺍ

) 1

ﺮﻛﺬﻧ ﻻﻭ .(

ﻥﺃ ﱃﺇ ﺓﺭﺎﺷﻹﺍ ﺏﺎﺑ ﻦﻣ ﻩﺮﻛﺫ ﻦﻜﻟﻭ ،ﻪﻨﻣ ﻕﻼﻄﻧﻼﻟ ﻭﺃ ،ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻞﻴﻟﺪﺘﻠﻟ ﺎﻨﻫ ﲑﺛﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺑﻬﺎﺸﳌﺍ ﻑﻭﺮﻈﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ ﻞﺛﺎﻤﺘﺗ ،ﻊﻗﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺯﺮﻓﺃ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﻴﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻟﺍ ﻯ

.ﺱﻮّﻧﻭ ﺡﺮﺴﻣ ﰲ ﻞﺻﺄﺘﳌﺍ ﺏﻼﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﺓﺭﻮﻠﺑﻭ ﻊﻗﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﻮﻧ ﺕﺯﺮﻓﺃ ﱵﻟﺍ ﻚﻠﺗ ﻮﻟﻭ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﰲ ﺎﻨﻘﻤﻌﺗ ﺍ ﱂﺎﻌﻣ ﻢﺳﺮﺗ ﱵﻟﺍ ﺖﺑﺍﻮﺜﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺪﺠﻨﺳ ،

ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻟ ﻴﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺣ ﺔﻘ

ﺍ ﻯﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﺯﺍﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﺯﺮﻔﺗ ﺎ�ﺈﻓ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﺘﺗ .ﺔﻴﺤﻄﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻟ

ﺎﻜﻠﻣ ﺐﻳﺩﻭﺃ) ﻲﳌﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺡﺮﺴﳌﺍ ﻝﻮﺻﺃ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻌُﻳ ﻲﺣﺮﺴﻣ ﺺﻧ ﱃﺇ ﺎﻨﻌﺟﺭ ﻮﻟﻭ 429

ﺲﻴﻠﻛﻮﻓﻮﺳ) (ﻡ.ﻕ

Sophocles

496 - 405 (ﻡ.ﻕ (؟ﺎﻧﺃ ﻦﻣ) ﻝﺍﺆﺳ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻧﺪﺟﻮﻟ ؛

ﺮﺋﺎﺼﻣ ﱃﺇ ﺕﺎﺘﺸﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻩﺩﺎﻗﻭ ،ﺐﻳﺩﻭﻷ ﺔﻴﻘﻴﻘﺣ ﺔﻳﻮُﻫ ﺔﻣﺯﺃ ﻞّﻜﺷ ﺪﻗ (؟ﻲﻤﺘﻧﺃ ﻦﳌ)ﻭ ﻦﻣ ﻪﺟﺍﻭﺯﻭ ﻪﻴﺑﻷ ﻪﻠﺘﻗ ﺎﻫﺮﺧﺁﻭ ،ﺔﺒﻋﺮﻣ ﰲ ﻝﺍﺆﺴﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﺑﻬ ﺐﻳﺩﻭﺃ ﺡﺮﺻ ﺪﻗﻭ ،ﻪﻣﺃ

"ﺎﻧﺃ ﻦﻣ ﻦﺑﺍ" :ﻼﺋﺎﻗ ﺔﻴﺣﺮﺴﳌﺍ

) 2

.(

ﺃ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﳌ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﺭﻮﻌﺷ ﻮﻫ ،ﻪﺘﻳﻮﻫ ﻦﻋ ﺐﻳﺩﻭﺃ ﻝﺍﺆﺳ ﻥﺈﻓ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﻪﻠﺻ

ﰲ ﻨﻳﺪﻣ ﺔ

ﺐﻳﺩﻭﺃ" ﻞﻐﺸﻳ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻥﺎﻛﻭ .ﺕﺪﺴﻓ

"

ﻪﻨﻫﺫ ﺴﻳﻭ ،ﻝﺍﺆﺴﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﺑﻬ ﱄﻮﺘ

ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺎﻴﻠﻛ

.ﺏﺍﻮﳉﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺎﺜﲝ ﻪﻬﺟﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﺎﻴﳍﺍ ﺔﺟﺭﺪﻟ ﻞّﻜﺸُﻳﻭ ﺔﻳﻮﳍﺍﻭ ﺎﻧﻷﺍ ﻦﻋ ،(ﺎﻜﻠﻣ ﺐﻳﺩﻭﺃ) ﺔﻴﺣﺮﺴﻣ ﰲ ﻝﺍﺆﺴﻟﺍ ﻭ

ﺘﻴﳘﺃ ﰲ ﺎﻬ ﲢ ﺪﻳﺪ

ﲢ ﰲ ﺰﺋﺎﳌﺍ ﻪﻧﻷ ؛ﺔﻴﺣﺮﺴﳌﺍ ﻚﻠﺗ ﺪّﻠﺨُﻳ ﺮﺧﺁ ﺍﺪﻌُﺑ ﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺮﺋﺎﺼﻣ ﺪﻳﺪ

ﻥﻮﻛ ﺍ ﻴﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹ ﺎ

.ﻻﻭﺃ

(1) ﺪﲪﺃ ﺔﺤﺒﺻ

،ﻢﻘﻠﻋ

"ﺱﻮﻧﻭ ﻟﻠﻪﺍ ﺪﻌﺳ ﺪﻨﻋ ﻲﺳﺎﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺡﺮﺴﳌﺍ"

. ﻥﺎّﻤﻋ) : ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺪﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ

،ﺮﺸﻨﻟﺍﻭ 2000 ﻡ(

، 110

. (2)

ﺮﺗ ."ﺎﻜﻠﻣ ﺐﻳﺩﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺣﺮﺴﻣ ،ﺲﻴﻠﻘﻓﻮﺳ ﺕﺎﻳﺪﻴﺟﺍﺮﺗ" ،ﺲﻴﻠﻘﻓﻮﺳ ﺔﲨ

ﺕﻭﲑﺑ) ،ﻱﻭﺪﺑ ﻦﲪﺮﻟﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ : :

،ﺮﺸﻨﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺪﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺴﺳﺆﳌﺍ 1996

ﻡ(

، 113 .