ﺏ
ﺏﻴﻟﺎﺴﺃ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻑﺼﻭﻟﺍ
ﺩﺍﺩﻋﺇ
ﻕﺭﺎﻁ ﺒ ﻥ ﷲﺍ ﺩﺒﻋ ﻁﺍﻭﺴﻟﺍ ﻕﻠﻁﻤ
ﺹﻠﺨﺘﺴﻤ
ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻑﺩﻬﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺏﻴﻟﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻋ ﺵﺘﻔﺘﻭ ﻰﻟﻭﻷﺍ ﺔﺠﺭﺩﻟﺎﺒ ﻑﺼﻭﻟﺍ ﺏﻴﻟﺎﺴﺃ ﺭﺼﺤ ﻰﻟﺇ
ﺔﻴﻭﺤﻨﻟﺍ ﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅﻟﺍ
، ﺩـﻨﻋ ﻕـﻠﻁﻴ ﻥﻴـﺤ ﻥﻫﺫﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺩﺭﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ﻡﻋﺃ ﻰﻨﻌﻤ ﺎﻨﻫ ﻑﺼﻭﻟﺎﺒ ﺩﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﻷ
ﺓﺎﺤﻨﻟﺍ . ﻪﺘﻔﺼ ﺢﻀﻭﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ﻥﻴﻌﻟﺍ ﻡﺴﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺕﺍﺫﻟﺍ ﻡﺴﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺏﺴﻨﻴ ﺎﻤ لﻜ ﻭﻫ ﺎﻨﻫ ﺩﻭﺼﻘﻤﻟﺍ ﻑﺼﻭﻟﺎﻓ
ﻪﻴﻤﺴﻴ ﻭﺃ ﺭﻭﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻪﻜﺍﺭﺩﺇ ﺏﺭﻘﺘﻭ ﻪﺤﻴﻀﻭﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻴﺯﺘ ﺔﻤﺴﺒ
ﺩﺎﻨـﺴﻹﺍ لﻴﺒﺴ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻙﻟﺫ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ
ﺓﺭﺎﺘ
، ﺓﺄﻴﻬﻟﺍ ﻑﺼﻭ لﻴﺒﺴ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺎﺘ ﻥﻭﻜﻴﻭ
، ﺕﻌﻨﻟﺍ لﻴﺒﺴ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻭﻜﻴ ﻡﺜ
، ﻰـﻠﻋ ﺏﻴﻟﺎـﺴﻷﺍ ﻩﺫـﻬﻓ
ﺔﻴﻔﺼﻭﻟﺍ ﺔﻐﺒﺼﺒ ﺯﻴﻤﺘﺘ ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻴﻤﺴﻤ ﻑﻼﺘﺨﺍ .
ﻥﺃ لﻭﺎـﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﻲـﻓ ﺩﻴﺩﺠﺘﻟﺍ ﺩﺩﺼﺒ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻟﺎﺒ ﺭﺩﺠﻴﻭ
ﺕﺎﻴﻤﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻅﻨﻟﺍ ﺩﻴﻌﻴ ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺒ ﻁﺒﺍﺭﻟﺍ ﺕﺒﺜﻴﻭ
، ﺭﺼﺘﻘﻴ ﻻﺃﻭ ﻕﺒﺎـﺴﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺎﻤﻜ
ﻲـﻓ
ﻡﺴﻻﺎﺒ ﻑﺼﻭﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺼﻭﻟﺍ ﺙﺤﺒ
، ﺕﺎﻓﺎﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺏﺭﻘﻴ ﺭﻫﺍﻭﻅﻟﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺏﻴﻟﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ لﻤﺄﺘ ﻥﻷ
ﺕﺎـﻋﻭﻤﺠﻤ ﻰـﻟﺇ ﺔـﻴﻭﺤﻨﻟﺍ ﺏـﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﻲـﻓ ﺓﺩـﻋﺎﺒﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺭﻔﻤﻟﺍ لﻭﺤﻴﻭ ﺔﻴﻭﺤﻨﻟﺍ ﺏﺍﻭﺒﻷﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﺴﻨﺎﺠﺘﻤ
، ﹰﺎﻘﻓﻭﻤ ﺙﺤﺒﻟﺍ لﻌﺠﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ﺍﺫﻫﻭ _
ﻩﺍﺭﺃ ﺎﻤﻜ _
ﻨﻷ ﺓﺩﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺠﺤ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻘﻠﻐﻤﻟﺍ ﺏﺍﻭﺒﻷﺍ ﺢﺘﻔﻴ ﻪ
ﺕﺎﻋﻭﻀﻭﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻜﺭﺘﺸﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻐﺒﺼﻟﺍ ﻡﻤﻌﻴﻭ ﺓﺩﺤﺍﻭﻟﺍ
، ﻥﻴﺭـﻗ ﻲـﻓ ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺓﺭﻅﻨ ﺀﺎﻘﻟﺇ ﻥﻋ ﻼﻀﻓ
ﻪﻤﻴﺴﻗﻭ ﻑﺼﻭﻟﺍ
، ﻟﺍ ﺀﺍﺯﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺍﺀﺯﺠ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺎﻤ ﺎﻨﻫ ﻪﻨﻤ ﺩﺍﺭﻤﻟﺍﻭ ﻥﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ لﺜﻤﺘﻴﻭ ﺍﺀﺯﺠ ﻥﻴﺒﻴ ﻡﻼﻜ
ﻑﺼﻭﻟﺍﻭ لﻴﺒﺴ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻻ ﺭﺨﺁ .
ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﺕﻤﺎﻗ ﺩﻘﻓ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﺔﻤﻬﻤﻟﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﺒ
، ﻲـﺴﻔﻨ ﺕﺩﻨﺠﻓ -
ﺭﺩـﻗ
ﺎﻬﺘﺠﺎﺤ - ﺏﻴﻟﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺕﻗﺭﻁﺘ ﻲﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﻡﻬﺒﺘﻜ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻴﻴﻭﺤﻨﻟﺍ لﺍﻭﻗﺃ ﻊﻤﺠﻟ
، ﻲﻘﺘﺎـﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﻠﻤﺤﻭ
ﻲـﻓ ﺎﻬﻠﻐﻠﻐﺘ ﻥﻋ ﻙﻴﻫﺎﻨ ﻱﻭﺤﻨﻟﺍ ﺩﺼﻗ ﻥﻋ ﺵﻴﺘﻔﺘﻟﺍ لﻬﺴﻴﻟ ﺔﻠﺜﻤﻷﺎﺒ ﺔﻨﺭﺘﻘﻤ ﺏﻴﻟﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﻙﻠﺘ ﺭﺼﺤ ﺀﺍﻭﺴﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺙﺤﺎﺒﻟﺍﻭ ﺉﺭﺎﻘﻟﺍ ﻥﻫﺫ .
ﺍ ﻰﻨﻌﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻴﻬﻤﺘﺒ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﺃﺩﺒ ﺩﻗﻭ ﻑـﺼﻭﻟ
ﻭ ﻡـﻫﺃﻭ
ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﺭﺍﻭﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺤﻠﻁﺼﻤﻟﺍ
، ﺔﻤﺘﺎﺨﺒ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻬﻨﺃﻭ
، ﻥﻭـﻜﺘ ﻥﺃ ﺔـﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﺕﻀﺘﻗﺍ ﺩﻗﻭ
ﻪﻠﺠﺃ ﻥﻤ ﺕﻨﻭﺩ ﺎﻤ ﻕﻴﻘﺤﺘﻟ ﻥﻴﻨﺜﺍ ﻥﻴﺠﻬﻨﻤ ﻥﻤ ﹰﺎﻁﻴﻠﺨﻭ ﹰﺎﺠﻴﺯﻤ
، ﻲﻔـﺼﻭﻟﺍ ﺞﻬﻨـﻤﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺩﻤﺘﻋﺎﻓ
ﻲﻠﻴﻠﺤﺘﻟﺍ
، ﻟﺍ ﺞﻬﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺎﻤﺒﺭﻭ ﻱﺩﻘﻨ
ﻙﻟﺫ ﻲﻓ ﻅﺤ ﻪﻟ
، ﺕﻠﺼﻭﺘ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻟﺍ ﺯﺭﺒﺄﺒ ﻕﻠﻌﺘﻴ ﺎﻤﻴﻓﻭ ﺎﻬﻴﻟﺇ
ﻭﺤﻨﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻠﺠ ﺓﺭﻫﺎﻅ ﻑﺼﻭﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻭﻫ
، ﺎﻬﺘﺎﻴﻤﺴﻤ ﺕﺤﺘ ﺕﻭﻀﻨﺍ ﺏﻴﻟﺎﺴﺃ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻴﻨﺍﺩﻴ ﺎﻤ ﺔﻤﺜ ﻥﺃ ﻻﺇ
ﺎﻬﻟ ﻡﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻟﺎﺒ ﻑﺼﻭﻟﺍ ﺔﺤﺌﺍﺭ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻡﺘﺸﻴ ﺎﻤﻤ ﺎﻬﻨﻭﻜ ﻥﻋ ﺎﻫﺩﻌﺒﺘ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ
، ﺏﻴﻟﺎـﺴﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﺒ ﺕﻨﺭﻗﻭ
ﻡﻼﻜﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻪﻌﻗﻭﻤ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻨﻤ ﹰﺎﺒﻴﺭﻗ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺎﻤ .
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TYPES OF DESCRIPTION IN ARABIC
TAREO ABDULLAH AL SOWAT
ABSTRACT
This study aims to enumerate the methods of description in Arabic.
Such methods are noted in the grammatical phenomena, because the purpose of description here is what occurs to the mind when designated by grammarians. The intended meaning of description is anything that may qualify the name of a person or a name of an object showing its attribute or naming a trait that will make it more clear and render it more perceptible. This sometimes materializes by means of assigning and sometimes by means of description of the form. This is done in the form of characterization. The methods irrespective of their names carry within them a form of description. The researcher who is bent on introducing new forms of discussion should reconsider such designations and indicate the link between them, and should not be confined to the former types of discussion which describe by means of names and not characterizations, because when one ponders over such methods by looking at the phenomena, he will bring the grammatical genera nearer to one another and transform the distant words in the grammar books into homogeneous groups, the matter which I believe will make the research more
successful, as it will open closed links between the chapters of the single subject and generalize the common attribute between the topics. Apart from this, the mate and associate of description which is the clarification also needs to be reconsidered. By clarification we mean that part of the text which clarifies another part. Hence this study played the required role where the opinions of grammarians stated in their books which discussed the methods were collected. The study conducted the enumeration of these methods coupled with examples in order to facilitate the search for the grammatical purpose, not only this but to make it easily grasped by both the reader and the researcher. This study is initiated with a preamble explaining the meaning of description and the most important terms mentioned in the study. The nature of the study required that it takes two methodologies in order to fulfill its objectives: both the analytical descriptive and the critical estimative methodologies were used.
Regarding the most important findings of this study, it was found that description is a salient phenomenon in grammar, however, there are other methods of characterization which came under various designations that make them depart from the essence of description, despite the fact that they give the general notion; the study brought some of these to light.
