ﺔﻴﺭﺨﺼﻟﺍ ﻉﻭﻁﻘﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﺒﺜﻟﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘﻭ ﺔﻴﺭﺨﺼﻟﺍ لﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﻭﺠ ﺔﻴﺩﻭﻌﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺭﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤﻟﺍ ، ﺔﻤﺭﻜﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻜﻤ ﺔﻨﻴﺩﻤ ﻲﻓ
ﺩﺍﺩﻋﺇ
لﻬﺴﺎﺒ ﻙﻭﺭﺒﻤ ﻥﺴﺤ
ﺹﻠﺨﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ
ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻤﻟ ﺔﻴﺭﺨﺼﻟﺍ ﻉﻭﻁﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﺒﺜﻭ ﺓﺩﻭﺠ ﺹﺤﻔﻟ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﻨ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﻭﻫ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻤ ﻲﺴﻴﺌﺭﻟﺍ ﻑﺩﻬﻟﺍ ﻥﺇ ﺔﻤﺭﻜﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻜﻤ ﺔﻨﻴﺩﻤ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ .
ﻊﻁﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﺒﺜ ﻡﻴﻴﻘﺘ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ لﻼﺨ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻥﻴﻋ ﻲﻓ ﻉﺎﻔﺘﺭﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻋ ﺫﺨﺃ ﻡﺘ ﺩﻗﻭ
ﻪﻤﻴﻋﺩﺘﻭ .
ًﹰﺎﻴﺒﺴﻨ ﺓﺩﻘﻌﻤ ﺔﻤﺭﻜﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻜﻤ ﺔﻨﻴﺩﻤﻟ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻟﻭﻴﺠﻟﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻁﻟﺍ ﻥﺇ .
ﺔﻴﺭﺎﻨ ﺭﻭﺨﺼ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﺘﺘ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤﻟﺎﻓ
) ﺔﻴﻓﻭﺠ ﺕﺎﻨﻭﻘﺤﻤ (
ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻟﻭﻴﺠ ﺏﻴﻜﺍﺭﺘ ﻊﻤ ﺔﻠﺨﺍﺩﺘﻤ ﺔﻟﻭﺤﺘﻤ ﺭﻭﺨﺼﻭ .
ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺭﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﺭﻭﺨﺼﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﻜﺘﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ
ﻭﺭﺒﺎﺠﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﻴﻟﻭﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺕﻴﺍﺭﻭﻴﺩﻭﻨﺍﺭﺠﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺕﻴﺭﻭﻴﺩﺯﺘﺭﺍﻭﻜﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺕﻴﺍﺭﻭﻴﺩﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤﻟﺍ .
ﻨﻴﺒ ﺔﻟﻭﺤﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﻭﺨﺼﻟﺍ ﺎﻤ
ﺕﺴﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﻴﻻﻭﺒﻴﻔﻤﻷﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻥﻭﻜﺘﺘ .
ﻉﻭﺩﺼﻟﺍ ﺩﺠﺍﻭﺘﺘ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺔﻴﺘﻟﺯﺎﺒﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺘﻴﺍﺯﻴﺩﻨﻷﺍ ﻊﻁﺍﻭﻘﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺎﻀﻌﺒ ﺩﺠﺍﻭﺘﺘ ﺎﻤﻜ
ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤ ﺕﺎﻫﺎﺠﺘﺍﻭ ﻡﻴﻘﺒ ﺔﻴﺭﺨﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﻘﺸﺘﻟﺍﻭ لﺼﺍﻭﻔﻟﺍ ﻊﻤ ﺹﻘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﺎﻁﻨﻭ .
ﻘﻁﻨﻤ ﺏﺭﻏ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻤ ﺔﻌﺒﺴ ﺎﻬﻨﻤ ، ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤ ﻲﻓ ﹰﺎﻌﻗﻭﻤ ﺭﺸﻋ ﺔﻌﺴﺘ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺨﺍ ﻡﺘ ﺩﻘﻟ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﻤﺜﻭ ﻡﺭﺤﻟﺍ ﺔ
ﻪﺒﻭﻨﺠ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻌﺒﺭﺃﻭ ﻪﻗﺭﺸ ﻲﻓ .
ﻥﻤ ﺎﻬﺘﺴﺍﺭﺩ ﺀﻭﻀ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻙﻟﺫﻭ ﻕﺎﻁﻨ ﺭﺸﻋ ﺔﻌﺒﺭﺃ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤ ﺭﻭﺨﺼﻟﺍ ﻑﻴﻨﺼﺘ ﻡﺘ ﺎﻤﻜ ﺔﻴﺴﺩﻨﻬﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺠﻭﻟﻭﻴﺠﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺤﺎﻨﻟﺍ .
ﺔﻴﺭﺨﺼﻟﺍ لﺘﻜﻠﻟ ﻱﺩﺩﻌﻟﺍ ﻡﻴﻴﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﻑﻴﻨﺼﺘ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻡﺘ ﺔﻴﺴﺩﻨﻬﻟﺍ ﺽﺍﺭﻏﻸﻟ ﺔﻴﺭﺨﺼﻟﺍ لﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﻑﻴﻨﺼﺘﻟ RMR-system ﻥﻤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ لﻼﺨ ﻥﻤ ﺕﻔﻨﺼ ﺔﻴﺭﺨﺼﻟﺍ ﻉﻭﻁﻘﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻑﻴﻨﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﺕﺭﺎﺸﺃ ﺩﻗﻭ .
ﹰﺍﺩﺠ ﺔﻔﻴﻌﻀ ﺕﺎﻴﻋﻭﻨ )
ﺔﺴﻤﺎﺨﻟﺍ ﺔﺌﻔﻟﺍ (
ﺓﺩﻴﺠ ﺕﺎﻴﻋﻭﻨ ﻰﻟﺇ )
ﺔﺜﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺔﺌﻔﻟﺍ .(
ﺓﺩﻭﺠ ﺔﻴﺭﺨﺼ لﺘﻜ لﻀﻓﺃ ﻥﺃ ﺩﺠﻭ ﺙﻴﺤ
ﻡﺭﺤﻟﺍ ﺏﺭﻏﻭ ﻕﺭﺸ ﻊﻘﺘ ﺓﺩﻭﺠ لﻗﻷﺍ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺒ ﻡﺭﺤﻟﺍ ﺏﻭﻨﺠ ﻲﻓ ﻊﻘﺘ .
ﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺨﺼﻟﺍ لﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﺒﺜﻟ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻟﺎﺒ
ﺞﻤﺎﻨﺭﺒ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺎﺒ ﺎﻬﻤﻴﻴﻘﺘ ﻡﺘ ﺩﻘﻓ ﺔﻠﺼﻔﻨﻤ DIPS ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍ ﻡﺘ ﺙﻴﺤ . ﻪﻋﻭﻨ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘﻭ ﻪﻤﺩﻋ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺎﻴﻬﻨﻻﺍ ﺙﻭﺩﺤ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻤﺘﺤﺍ ﺩﻴﺩﺤﺘﻟ ﺞﻤﺎﻨﺭﺒﻟﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ .
ﻥﻴﺘﻟﺎﺤﻟﺍ ﻼﻜ ﺕﺤﺘ ﻥﺎﻤﻷﺍ لﻤﺎﻋ ﺎﻤﺃ
ﺞﻤﺎﻨﺭﺒ ﺔﻁﺴﺍﻭﺒ ﺔﻴﻤﻗﺭﻟﺍ ﺔﺠﺫﻤﻨﻟﺍ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺎﺒ ﻪﺠﺎﺘﻨﺘﺴﺍ ﻡﺘ ﺩﻘﻓ ﺀﺎﻤﻟﺎﺒ ﺎﻴﻠﻜ ﺔﻌﺒﺸﻤﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻓﺎﺠﻟﺍSLIDE ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﺕﻨﺎﻜﻭ . ﻡﻗﺭ ﻊﻗﻭﻤ ﺍﺩﻋ ﺎﻤ ﺔﺘﺒﺎﺜ ﺭﻴﻏ ﺕﺴﺭﺩ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺕﺭﺎﺸﺃ ﺩﻘﻓ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﺒﺜﻟﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ )
٥ ( لﻴﻠﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻥﺃ ﺙﻴﺤ
ﺭﺎﻴﻬﻨﺍ ﻱﺃ ﺙﻭﺩﺤﻟ لﺎﻤﺘﺤﺍ ﺩﺠﻭﻴ ﻻ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺎﻨﻫ ﺕﺭﺎﺸﺃ .
ـﻟﺍ ﺞﻤﺎﻨﺭﺒ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﺕﺭﺎﺸﺃﻭ SLIDE ﻉﻭﻁﻘﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻟﺇ
ﺒﻜﺃ ﻥﺎﻤﺃ لﻤﺎﻋ ﺎﻬﻟ ﻡﺭﺤﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﻲﺒﺭﻐﻟﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺴﻭﺭﺩﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺨﺼﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭ
١ ﻥﻤ لﻜ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺘﺒﺎﺜ ﺔﻟﺎﺤ لﺜﻤﺘ ﻲﻫﻭ
ﺔﻌﺒﺸﻤﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻓﺎﺠﻟﺍ ﻑﻭﺭﻅﻟﺍ .
ﻥﻤ لﻗﺃ ﻥﺎﻤﻷﺍ لﻤﺎﻋ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻥﻜﻟﻭ ١
ﺭﻴﻏ ﺔﻟﺎﺤ لﺜﻤﻴ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻲﺒﻭﻨﺠﻟﺍﻭ ﻲﻗﺭﺸﻟﺍ ﺏﻨﺎﺠﻠﻟ
ﺔﺘﺒﺎﺜ . ﺔﻠﺼﻔﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺨﺼﻟﺍ لﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﻡﻴﻋﺩﺘﻟ ﺭﻭﺨﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﻴﺒﺜﺘ ﺭﻴﻤﺎﺴﻤﺒ ﻰﺼﻭﻴ ﺔﻤﺎﻋ ﺔﻔﺼﺒﻭ .
ﻟ ﻡﺌﺍﺩﻟﺍ ﻡﻴﻋﺩﺘﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﻥﻴﻴﻌﺘﻟ ﺔﻴﺭﺨﺼﻟﺍ ﻉﻭﻁﻘﻟﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﺭﻴﺩﻘﺘ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺎﺒ ﻪﻨﻴﻴﻌﺘ ﻡﺘ ﺩﻗ ﹰﻼﻤﺎﻜ ﻪﺠﻭﻠ
ﺔﻴﺭﺨﺼﻟﺍ لﻭﻴﻤﻟﺍ(SMR-system) ﺔﻴﺭﺨﺼﻟﺍ ﻉﻭﻁﻘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻠﻏﺃ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺕﺭﺎﺸﺃ ﺔﻴﺘﺎﺒﺜﻟﺍ لﻴﻠﺤﺘ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﻥﺃ ﺙﻴﺤ . ﻉﺎﻔﺘﺭﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻋ ﺏﺒﺴﺒ ﻙﻟﺫﻭ ﺔﺘﺒﺎﺜ ﺭﻴﻏﻭ ﺔﺠﺭﺤ ﻉﻭﻁﻗ ﻲﻫ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﻁﻨﻤ ﻲﻓ .
ـﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ لﻴﺩﻌﺘ ﻡﺘ ﻙﻟﺫﻟ SMR
ﻉﺎﻔﺘﺭﻻﺍ لﻤﺎﻋ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ لﻤﺸﻴﻟ
ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﻰﻟﺇ DSMR-system ﻡﺘ ﺩﻗﻭ ﺢﺤﺼﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺭﺨﺼﻟﺍ لﻭﻴﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﻴﺩﻘﺘ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﻭﻫﻭ
ﻯﺭﺨﺃ ﺓﺭﻤ ﺔﺴﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍ ﻕﻁﺎﻨﻤ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻪﻤﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺍﻭ ﻪﻘﻴﺒﻁﺘ .
ـﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨ ﻥﻴﺒ ﺔﻨﺭﺎﻘﻤ لﻤﻋ ﻡﺘ ﻡﺜSMR ـﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﺞﺌﺎﺘﻨﻭDSMR ﻊﻁﻘﻟﺍ ﻉﺎﻔﺘﺭﺍ لﻤﺎﻋ ﻥﺃ ﺩﺠﻭ ﺩﻗﻭ ، ﻪﻤﻴﻋﺩﺘ ﻡﺎﻅﻨﻭ ﻊﻁﻘﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﻭﺠ ﻰﻠﻋ ﹰﺎﺤﻀﺍﻭ ﹰﺍﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ ﺭﻬﻅﻴ ﻱﺭﺨﺼﻟﺍ ﻥﻤ ﺭﺜﻜﺃ ﻉﺎﻔﺘﺭﻻﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻥﺎﻜ ﺍﺫﺇ
١٥ ﺭﺘﻤ . ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺒ
ﻥﻤ لﻗﻷﺍ ﻉﺎﻔﺘﺭﻼﻟ ﺭﻴﺜﺄﺘ ﻱﺃ ﺩﺠﻭﻴ ﻻ ١٥
ﺭﺘﻤ .
ﺕﻴﺒﺜﺘﻟﺍ ﺭﻴﻤﺎﺴﻤ ﻡﺎﻅﻨ ﻡﺍﺩﺨﺘﺴﺎﺒ ﻰﺼﻭﻴ ﻪﻨﺈﻓ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻥﻴﻋ ﻲﻓ ﻱﺭﺨﺼﻟﺍ ﻊﻁﻘﻟﺍ ﻉﺎﻔﺘﺭﺍ لﻤﺎﻋ ﺫﺨﺃ ﺩﻌﺒﻭ ﻐﻟﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻤﻠﻟ ﻱﺩﻴﺩﺤﻟﺍ ﻙﺒﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﺎﺴﺭﺨﻟﺍ ﺔﺸﺭﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﻀﻹﺎﺒ ﺔﻴﺭﺨﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﺍﻭﻟﺍ ﻡﻴﻋﺩﺘﻟ ﻪﺘﺒﺎﺜ ﺭﻴ
.
ROCK MASS QUALITY AND STABILITY ANALYSIS OF ROCK CUTS AT MAKKAH CITY,
SAUDI ARABIA
By
HASSAN M. BASAHEL
ABSTRACT
The main purpose of this study is to investigate both the quality and the stability of rock cuts of different locations at Makkah City. The effect of cut height is taken in consideration during the evaluation of cut stability and support.
The geological setting of Makkah City is very complex. The area consists of igneous and metamorphic rocks, introduced by combined structures. The igneous rocks include diorite, quartz diorite, granodiorite, tonalite and gabbro. While, the metamorphic rocks consist of amphibolite and schist. Andesitic and basaltic dykes are present. Faulting and shear zone systems were countered with the presence of joints and minor fractures of different directions and magnitudes.
Ninteen locations were selected and studied in the area. Seven locations were presented in the western part from Al Haram area, eight locations at the east and four locations were located in the southern part from Al Haram area.
The description of the rock mass was used to categorize the studied area. The results show that the studied area was subdivided into fourteen zones.
The classification of the rock mass using RMR-system was used to classify the rock mass for engineering purposes. The results of rock mass classification using RMR-system indicated that the rock cuts were classified from very poor quality (class V) to Fair rock quality (class III). The best rock mass quality was observed at the southern site, whereas the lower rock mass quality was indicated at the east and west sites.
The stability of isolated blocks was evaluated using DIPS software. It was used to determine the possibility of slope failures and the types of failure. The safety factor under both dry and saturation conditions can be obtained using numerical modeling with SLIDE software. Results of the stability analysis indicate that most of the studied stations are unstable except station No. (5), at which the analysis gave no potential failure. Results of using SLIDE software indicate that the slope cuts at the western part are in stable conditions for both dry and saturated conditions. For both the eastern and southern parts the unstable condition were observed. Rock bolts of isolated unstable blocks are recommended.
The stability of the rock cuts to determine the permanent support system for the whole faces was assessed using the Slope Mass Rating (system) SMR-system by.
The results of stability analysis indicated that the majority of the rock cuts in the studied area are critical and/or unstable slopes due to the hight.Therefore; Modified Slope Mass Rating DSMR-system was used. It is the same techniques as the original SMR-system with including the effect of slope height. The modified system was implemented and used for same area and same studied locations.
A comparison was made between the results obtained for the SMR-system and DSMR-system. The influence of the slope height on the stability condition and support system was predicted.
Rock bolting with wiremesh and shotcrete are the required support systems for unstable locations after including the effect of slope height.
