Produced water represents the largest wastewater stream from oil and gas production. Generally, its high salinity level restricts the treatment options. Membrane crystallization (MCr) is an emerging membrane process with the capability to extract simultaneously fresh water and valuable components from various streams. In the current study, the potential of MCr for produced water treatment and salt recovery was demonstrated. The experiments were carried out in lab scale and semi-pilot scale. The effect of thermal and hydrodynamic conditions on process performance and crystal characteristics were explored. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses confirmed that the recovered crystals are sodium chloride with very high purity (>99.9%), also indicated by the cubic structure observed by microscopy and SEM (scanning electron microscopy) analysis. It was demonstrated experimentally that at recovery factor of 37%, 16.4 kg NaCl per cubic meter of produced water can be recovered. Anti-scaling surface morphological features of membranes were also identified. In general, the study provides a new perspective of isolation of valuable constituents from produced water that, otherwise, is considered as a nuisance..

Sources : MEMBRANES

ISO Source Abbrev : Membranes Impact Factor :

Year : 2015

Volume : 5

Issue : 4

Pages : 772-792

DOI : 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2011.12.002 Cited reference count : 29

Languge : English

Document Type : Article

Reprint Address : Macedonio, F (reprint author), Univ Calabria, Natl Res Council, Inst Membrane Technol ITM CNR, Via Pietro BUCCI,Cubo 17C, I-87036 Arcavacata Di Rende, Italy.

Publisher : MDPI AG

Web of Science Categories : Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Research Areas : Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Center Name : Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology

DSR No. : 4313

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5

2. Assessment of antibacterial cellulose

nanocomposites for water permeability and salt rejection

Khan, SB (Khan, Sher Bahadar); Alamry, KA (Alamry, Khalid A.); Bifari, EN (Bifari, Elham N.); Asiri, AM (Asiri, Abdullah M.); Yasir, M (Yasir, Muhammad); Gzara, L

(Gzara, Lassaad); Ahmad, RZ (Ahmad, Rehan Zulfiqar)

Abstract

Anti-bacterial nanocomposites (NC1-NC4) based on cellulose acetate were prepared by dispersing ZnO nanofillers in the cellulose acetate matrix. Anti-bacterial nanocomposites were structurally and morphological examined by XRD (X-ray powder diffraction), FESEM (field emission scanning electron microscopy), and FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared) spectroscopy. All the spectroscopic techniques suggested that nanocomposites are successfully synthesized. All the nanocomposites showed antibacterial activity which increased as a function of zinc oxide. Further the selectivity of anti-bacterial nanocomposites was investigated toward different metal ions, including Zn2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Fe2+, Al3+, Sb3+, and Sr3+. The selectivity data suggests that nanocomposites are more selective toward Fe2+. NC1 displayed highest uptake aptitude for Fe2+ with highest distribution coefficient of 7549.123 mL g(-1). Therefore, NC1 was subjected to water permeability to explore the role of antibacterial nanocomposite as membrane for water purification. The results suggest that these materials are possibly appropriate for water treatments. (C) 2014 The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry.

Sources : JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY ISO Source Abbrev : J. Ind. Eng. Chem.

Impact Factor : 4.179

Year : 2015

Volume : 24

Pages : 266-275

Reprint Address : Khan, SB (reprint author), King Abdulaziz Univ, Chem, POB 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.

Publisher : ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC

Web of Science Categories : Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical Research Areas : Chemistry; Engineering

Center Name : Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology

DSR No. : 6472

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6

3. Assessment of temperature polarization in membrane distillation channels by liquid crystal

thermography

Tamburini, A (Tamburini, A.); Cipollina, A (Cipollina, A.); Al-Sharif, S (Al-Sharif, S.);

Albeirutty, M (Albeirutty, M.); Gurreri, L (Gurreri, L.); Micale, G (Micale, G.);

Ciofalo, M (Ciofalo, M.)

Abstract

The measurement of local temperature distributions within a membrane distillation (MD) channel is a crucial step for the optimization of the channel and spacer geometry. This information allows the estimation of temperature polarization phenomena, which can dramatically influence the thermal efficiency of the process and the optimal choice of the geometric configuration (net spacer features, channel size, etc.). In the present work, a recently presented experimental technique, based on the use of thermochromic liquid crystals and digital image analysis, has been employed in order to assess the temperature polarization phenomena. The local heat transfer coefficient distribution on the membrane surface in a MD spacer-filled channel was thus assessed. The membrane has been modelled by a heat transfer polycarbonate layer. Different diamond spacer geometries were investigated, in order to highlight how the geometrical features affect both pressure drop and heat transfer in spacer-filled channels..

Sources : DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT ISO Source Abbrev : Desalin. Water Treat.

Year : 2015

Volume : 55

Issue : 10

Pages : 2747-2765

Reprint Address : Cipollina, A (reprint author), Univ Palermo UNIPA, Dipartimento Ingn Chim, Gest, Informat,Meccan DICGIM, Viale Sci Ed 6, I-90128 Palermo, Italy.

Publisher : TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC

Web of Science Categories : Engineering, Chemical; Water Resources Research Areas : Engineering; Water Resources

DSR No. : 5227

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7

4. Diesel Subsidies and Yemen Politics: Post-2011 Crises and their Impact on Groundwater Use and

Agriculture

Al-Weshali, A (Al-Weshali, Adel); Bamaga, O (Bamaga, Omar); Borgia, C (Borgia, Cecilia); Van Steenbergen, F (Van Steenbergen, Frank); Al-Aulaqi, N (Al-Aulaqi,

Nasser); Babaqi, A (Babaqi, Abdullah)

Abstract

Groundwater is the main source of agricultural and municipal water and contributes 70% of total water use in Yemen. All aquifers are depleting at a very high rate owing to combined effects of a host of socioeconomic, institutional and climate-change factors. The government policy on diesel subsidy was largely believed to be one of the significant factors which stimulated large-scale pumping of water for irrigating water-intensive cash crops such as qat, fruits, and vegetables. A rapid field assessment was conducted between June and December 2011 in six different regions of the country to analyse the impacts of the severe diesel crisis that accompanied the political turmoil of 2011 on groundwater use and agriculture. The study highlighted winners and losers in the process of adapting to diesel shortage and high diesel prices. Farmers' responses differed according to their social status, financial resources, and farming systems. Poorly endowed households partially or completely abandoned agriculture. Others abandoned farming of irrigated cereals and fodder, but practised deficit irrigation of fruits and vegetables, thus halving the consumption of diesel. Crop yields dropped by 40-60% in all surveyed regions. The intra-governorate transport halt due to the sharp increase in transport cost caused prices at the farm gate to drop. Only those farmers who could absorb increases in diesel prices due to high return:

cost ratios, higher drought tolerance, stable prices ( qat), and access to alternative sources of water could cope with the diesel crisis..

Sources : WATER ALTERNATIVES-AN INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL ON WATER POLITICS AND DEVELOPMENT

ISO Source Abbrev : Water Altern.

Year : 2015

Volume : 8

Issue : 2

Pages : 215-236

Reprint Address : Al-Weshali, A (reprint author), Sanaa Univ, Water & Environm Ctr, Sanaa, Yemen.

Publisher : WATER ALTERNATIVES ASSOC Web of Science Categories : Environmental Studies

Research Areas : Environmental Sciences & Ecology

DSR No. : 6037

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8

5. Effect of azo dye on ammonium oxidation process and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in soil

Batool, S (Batool, Samavia); Khalid, A (Khalid, Azeem); Jalal, KCA (Jalal, Khan Chowdhury Ahmed); Sarfraz, M (Sarfraz, Maliha); Balkhair, KS (Balkhair, Khaled

S.); Ashraf, MA (Ashraf, Muhammad Aqeel)

Abstract

Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) play a key role in the production of nitrate-N (NO3--N) in terrestrial ecosystems. A study was planned with the aim of assessing the effect of azo dyes released by textile and dyestuff industries on the NH4+-N oxidation process in soil. The data was analyzed statistically using a two factorial completely randomized design (CRD). The results of the study demonstrated that higher doses of reactive black 5 (RB5) significantly suppressed the NH4+-N oxidation process throughout incubation. Average percent inhibition rates (%) were in the following order: coarse > fine > medium soil.

Overall average percent inhibition rates (%) of nitrification in soils exposed to 30 mg-N kg(-1) soil ammonium sulfate [(NH4)(2)SO4] were 46-53% higher than those from 90 mg-N kg(-1) soil. This may be attributed to (NH4)(2)SO4 that acts as a substrate for the proliferation of AOB. NO3--N concentration was strongly negatively correlated (r = -0.86) with various amounts of RB5, whereas a strong positive response was observed for the inhibition rate (r = 0.92). A considerable decrease in AOB population (up to 92.58%) was detected for >200 mg kg(-1) soil plus N fertilizer, which differed with soil type. This study could be helpful to investigate the effect of contaminants on biochemical processes occurring in soil.

Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of azo dye on the NH4+-N oxidation process suggests that critical concentrations of organic dyes may be used as an inhibitor to release NO3-N in soil at a slow rate in order to further reduce NO3--N contamination in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and to allow less frequent application of ammonium fertilizer in soil as well..

Sources : RSC ADVANCES

ISO Source Abbrev : RSC Adv.

Impact Factor : 3.289

Year : 2015

Volume : 5

Issue : 44

Pages : 34812-34820

Reprint Address : Ashraf, MA (reprint author), Univ Malaya, Fac Sci, Dept Geol, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.

Publisher : ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY Web of Science Categories : Chemistry, Multidisciplinary Research Areas : Chemistry

Center Name : Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology

DSR No. : 8041

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9

6. Membrane distillation: Recent developments and perspectives

Drioli, E (Drioli, Enrico); Ali, A (Ali, Aamer); Macedonio, F (Macedonio, Francesca)

Abstract

Membrane distillation (MD) has gained significant regard from industrial and academic perspective in recent years, thus the frequency of publications related to the field has greatly accelerated. New perspectives have boosted the research activities related to deeper understanding of heat and mass transport phenomenon, novel applications and fabrication of the membranes specifically designed for MD. New efforts for module fabrication and understanding and control of non-traditional fouling in MD have also been highlighted in the recent literature. The current review summarizes the important and interesting recent developments in MD from the perspectives of membrane fabrication, heat and mass transport phenomenon, nontraditional fouling, module fabrication and applications. The future research directions of interest have also been pointed out. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved..

Sources : DESALINATION

ISO Source Abbrev : Desalination Impact Factor : 4.412

Year : 2015

Volume : 356 Special

Issue : SI

Pages : 56-84

Reprint Address : Drioli, E (reprint author), Univ Calabria, ITM CNR, Natl Res Council, Via Pietro BUCCI,Cubo 17C, I-87036 Arcavacata Di Rende, CS, Italy.

Publisher : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

Web of Science Categories : Engineering, Chemical; Water Resources Research Areas : Engineering; Water Resources

DSR No. : 7387

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10

7. Membrane technology for water production in agriculture: Desalination and wastewater reuse

Quist-Jensen, CA (Quist-Jensen, C. A.); Macedonio, F (Macedonio, F.); Drioli, E (Drioli, E.)

Abstract

The problem of water shortage affects not only human and industrial activities but also an adequate and sustainable food production. Water quality in agriculture does not have the same requirements as that of drinking water and also properly treated wastewaters can be used for irrigation. The two possible alternative sources of water for agriculture are: desalinated water and wastewater. In this paper membrane operations usually utilized for water production in agriculture are discussed. Their main advantages are: (i) their mutual compatibility which offers the possibility of combining different membrane operations to achieve the desired water qualities and (ii) their flexibility and easy scale-up which allow passing from small to large scale, from centralized to decentralized systems. The membrane technology mostly used in desalination is reverse osmosis (RO) whereas membrane bio-reactors (MBRs) deal with fresh water reclamation from wastewater streams. Novel membrane technologies are described, such as forward osmosis (FO) and membrane distillation (MD), a promising prospect for agricultural water production, and the possible recovery of nutrients from saline waters and wastewaters. Nevertheless, the development of some novel technologies needs to be accelerated to reduce the costs associated with treatment and to avoid further impacts of water scarcity on food production. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved..

Sources : DESALINATION

ISO Source Abbrev : Desalination Impact Factor : 4.412

Year : 2015

Volume : 364 Special

Issue : SI

Pages : 17-32

Reprint Address : Macedonio, F (reprint author), Univ Calabria, CNR, ITM, Via P BUCCI,Cubo 17C, Arcavacata Di Rende, Italy.

Publisher : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

Web of Science Categories : Engineering, Chemical; Water Resources Research Areas : Engineering; Water Resources

Center Name : Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology

DSR No. : 6275

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11

8. Solar driven DCMD: Performance evaluation and thermal energy efficiency

Bouguecha, ST (Bouguecha, Salah T.); Aly, SE (Aly, Samir E.); Al-Beirutty, MH (Al- Beirutty, Mohammad H.); Hamdi, MM (Hamdi, Mohamed M.); Boubakri, A

(Boubakri, Ali)

Abstract

This paper presents the experimental results of a solar driven DCMD plant. The plant comprises four main loops. The first loop consists of the solar with a total area of 20 m(2). The PV panels make up the second loop, which has a peak output of 1.48 kW(peak). The third loop in the DCMD represents three modules with a total area of 3.39 m(2). The fourth loop is a thermal sink with a cooling water capacity of 10(3) L/h. Two heat exchangers are installed within the plant. The DCMD performance was evaluated in two modes, with the HRD (arrangement B) and without the HRD (arrangement A), during two days under various operating parameters. The permeability coefficient of the membrane was 3.27 x 10(-7) L/m(2) s Pa. The distillate per module was 3.31 L/h and 4.591/h for arrangements A and B, respectively. Thermal energy efficiency indicated that a fraction thermal energy was lost to the surroundings, and the balance was divided into two fractions, useful and non-useful heat. The STECmin was 2342 kW/m(3) for the arrangement A and 1609 kW/m(3) for the arrangement B. Energy flow diagrams confirmed the positive impact of the HRD with a positive contribution of 3.77 kW. (C) 2015 The Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved..

Sources : CHEMICAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH & DESIGN ISO Source Abbrev : Chem. Eng. Res. Des.

Year : 2015

Volume : 100

Pages : 331-340

Reprint Address : Boubakri, A (reprint author), Ctr Res & Water Technol, POB 273, Soliman 8020, Tunisia.

Publisher : INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS Web of Science Categories : Engineering, Chemical Research Areas : Engineering

Center Name : Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology

DSR No. : 5583

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12

9. Thermal Evaluation of Diesel/Hydrogen Peroxide Fuel Blend

Yusof, ZAM (Yusof, Zainal Abidin Mohd); Ahmed, I (Ahmed, Iqbal); Khan, MS (Khan, Muhammad Saad); Hussain, SA (Hussain, S. Altaf); Hussain, A (Hussain, Ahmad);

Mutalib, IB (Mutalib, Ibrahim bin Abdul); Balkhair, KS (Balkhair, Khaled S.);

Albeirutty, MH (Al

Abstract

Thermal properties of fossil fuel are the key fundamental characteristics, which can distinguish any compound as a potential fuel. The performance of diesel fuel blend along with stability and solubility parameter designs are evaluated. The results from the experimental study indicate that the increase in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) amount enhances the cetane number of diesel fuel blend significantly.

However, the calorific value decreases as compared to pure diesel fuel. All values performed well according to the ASTM D-975 diesel testing method. The thermodynamics of the prepared fuel blends also revealed that substantial solubility and diesel/H2O2 blend stability are provided even at lower temperatures. Such blends can be used as a feasible replacement of pure diesel fuel..

Sources : CHEMICAL ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY ISO Source Abbrev : Chem. Eng. Technol.

Year : 2015

Volume : 38

Issue : 12

Pages : 2170-2180

Reprint Address : Ahmed, I (reprint author), King Abdulaziz Univ, Ctr Excellence Desalinat Technol, POB 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.

Publisher : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH Web of Science Categories : Engineering, Chemical Research Areas : Engineering

Center Name : Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology

DSR No. : 4411

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13

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Contents

2 Contents

1. APPLICATION OF MEMBRANE CRYSTALLIZATION FOR MINERALS'

Ali, A (Ali, Aamer); Quist-Jensen, CA (Quist-Jensen, Cejna Anna);

Al-Weshali, A (Al-Weshali, Adel); Bamaga, O (Bamaga, Omar); Borgia, C (Borgia, Cecilia); Van Steenbergen, F (Van Steenbergen, Frank); Al- Aulaqi, N (Al-Aulaqi, Nasser); Babaqi, A (Babaqi, Abdullah)

DESALINATION AND WASTEWATER REUSE ... 10

Ali, A (Ali, Aamer); Quist-Jensen, CA (Quist-Jensen, Cejna Anna); Macedonio, F (Macedonio, Francesca); Drioli, E (Drioli, Enrico)

Abstract

Volume : 5

Publisher : MDPI AG

2. Assessment of antibacterial cellulose

Abstract

Volume : 24

Center Name : Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology

3. Assessment of temperature polarization in membrane distillation channels by liquid crystal

Abstract

Volume : 55

Web of Science Categories : Engineering, Chemical; Water Resources Research Areas : Engineering; Water Resources

4. Diesel Subsidies and Yemen Politics: Post-2011 Crises and their Impact on Groundwater Use and

Abstract

Volume : 8

Research Areas : Environmental Sciences & Ecology

5. Effect of azo dye on ammonium oxidation process and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in soil

Abstract

Impact Factor : 3.289

Center Name : Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology

6. Membrane distillation: Recent developments and perspectives

Abstract

Volume : 356 Special

Web of Science Categories : Engineering, Chemical; Water Resources Research Areas : Engineering; Water Resources

7. Membrane technology for water production in agriculture: Desalination and wastewater reuse

Abstract

Volume : 364 Special

Center Name : Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology

8. Solar driven DCMD: Performance evaluation and thermal energy efficiency

Abstract

Volume : 100

Center Name : Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology

9. Thermal Evaluation of Diesel/Hydrogen Peroxide Fuel Blend

Abstract

Volume : 38

Center Name : Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology