.lOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE Social Science, 2013, Vol 58, No. 2, pp. 100-106 This paper is available online at http://stdb.hnue.edu.vn
Stf THANH LAP TRIEU NGUYEN (TRUNG Q u 6 c ) QUA MOT SO TAC PHAIM Sif HOC VIET NAM T H 6 I PHONG KIEN
Nguyen Thu Hien
Khoa Lich .si, Trudng Dai iipc Supham Hd Ndi
Tom tat. Theo quan diem ciia sfl gia phong kiln Vict Nara, sU thict lap cila trieu Nguyen trai qua mot qua trinh tfl the lUc phong kiln tdn tai ngang hang, chia se quyen lUc vdi trilu Nam Tong den mot trieu dai phong kien doc lap duy nhit kc tiep trieu Nam Tong cai quan lanh thd Trung Qudc Nhilu nha nghien cflu cho ring nguyen nhan trieu Nguyen cd the tieu diet duoc trieu Nam Tdng vi vua Nam Tong dii kliong thuan theo dao trdi. Y kiln khac lai khing dinh, chinh dac tntng ve td chflc chinh tri, hoat dong kinh te, quan su la ba nhiin td quan trpng quylt dinh sU thay the ciia trilu Nguyen doi vdi trieu Nam Tong.
TUkhda: trilu Nguyen (1260 - 1368). trilu Trin (1226 - 1400), sfl hoc phong kiln Viet Nam.
1. Md dau
Trong lich sfl tdn tai tfl nira 1226 din nam 1400, trilu Trin cd radi quan he bang giao chu ylu vdi trilu Nguyen Sfl gia phong kiln Viet Nam qua miil sd tac pham sfl hoc d i tht; hien nhflng quan niem khac nhau v l mdc thdi gian Ihanh lap cung nhfl nguyen nhan thiinh lap trilu Nguyen. Quan niem cua cac sfl gia Viet Nam trong thdi ki lich sfl tren da phan anh each danh g i i v i nhin nhan cua cic vUdng Irilu phong kiln Viet Nam Irong do cd VUdng trieu Trin v l sfl thinh lap eiia trilu Nguyen. Dilu nay lac dpng din sU phan chia cac giai doan lich sfl khi nghien cflu hoal ddng bang giao cua vfldng trilu Tran doi vdi t n l u Nguyen.
2. Noi dung nghien cu'u
2.1. Khai quat vc nguon ttf lieu suf dung trong bai viet
Tic gia lfla chon 6 tic pham sfl hoc Viet Nam dfldc bien soan Ifl the ki XIV den dan Ihl ki XX trong Ihdi ki phong kiln lam ngudn Ifl lieu nghien cflu chinh trong bai vill nay
Ngay nhan biii 7/7/2012 Kgiiy nhan dang 20/1/201.1.
Lien lac Nguyen Thu Hien. e-mail' hiennt@hnue edu.vn
Sif thdnh lap triiu Nguyen (Trung Qudc) qua mdt .so tdc phdm .sff hoc Viet Nam...
Do la cac lac pham An Nam chi lupc, Dai Viet sd ky todn thu. Dat Viet .sd ky liin bien, Viet sdtieu dn, Khdm dinh Viet SIJ: thong gidm cuong muc, Vtet stf yeu. Sau tac pham nay chia thanh 2 nhom: nhom cong trinh bien nien sir mang tinh chat la cac bp qudc sii va nhom cong trinh bien nien sfl mang tinh chSt ca nhan. Du6i dSy chung toi gidi thieu nhiing net cd ban nhSl ve cac tac phara sii hpc tren theo thii thif thdi gian:
An Nam cbi lupc la cu6n sii hoan thanh vao khoang diu th6 ki XIV do Le Tie bien soan. Tac pham g6m 20 quyS'n ghi chep vh lich SLf Viet Nara tuf khcii thuy din dSu th6 ki XIV theo iLtng chii diem nhU: phin chep viec cac sii gia nha Nguyen dUdc cuf sang An Nam (quyen 3), cac bai bieu ciia vua Tran giii sang nha Nguyen...
Dai Viet .svf ky tudn tbu do Ngo Si Lien va cac suf thin trilu Le bien soan, Cu6n sii ghi chep vg lich sii nu6c Viet Nam tif thdi H6ng Bang dSn nam 1675, Thdi gian bien soan tac ph^m nay keo dai tif cu6i the ki XV d6n cudi thS ki XVII tren cd sd k6 IhCfa nhiing tac pham sii hpc ciia nhilu tac gia khac.
Viet stf tteu dn do Ngd Thi Si bien soan, Cudn suf gdm 10 quyen dUdc viel vao nhung nam 1772 - 1775, la thdi gian dng hi each chiic quan. Tac pham ghi c.hep lich sii Viet Nam tii thdi Hdng Bang d6n ngoai thudc nha Minh vdi nhiing binh luan danh gia sac sao. T\iy nhien cuon sif nay khong ghi ro Ihdi gian cu the cua cac sir kien ma chi viet theo lh6 thli cua cac trieu vua.
Dai Viet sd ky ttin bien dUdc hdan thanh vao nam 1800, dUdi trilu Tay Sdn. Bd sit gdm cd 17 tap la cdng Irinh bien soan cua sii gia Ngd Thi Si sau dUdc con la Ngd Thi Nham lu dinh. Tac gia ban din sU Ihiet lap ciia trilu Nguyen khi viel ve Irilu vua Trin Thai Tong va Trin Nhan Tdng phin Bdn ky quyen V.
Khdm dinh Viet sd thong gidm cifOng muc do Quoc suf quan trilu Nguyin thUc hien tlf nam 1856 den nam 1881, in xong vao nam 1884, gdm 52 quyen. Nhung sU kien viel ve su thanh lap trieu Nguyen, trong cudn siif dUdc the hien d phin Chinh bien quyen VII ghi chep tit nam 1259 din nam 1294.
Viet svf yiu la lac pham do Hoang Cao Khai bien soan hoan thanh vao nam 1914.
Tac pham mang dam diu i n ca nhan ciia tac gia tii each bo cue ndi dung den nhifng nhan dinh vl nhilu sU kien da diln ra trong lich sif. Tac gia phan tich kha ky nguyen nhan trilu Nam Tdng suy Vdng va siJ thilt lap trilu Nguyen d chifdng thii 9 till thif 2 quyen II.
2.2. Trieu Nguyen la mot the luc phong kien ton tai song song v6i trieu Nam Tong trong giai doan 1260 -1279
Quan diem tren dUdc the hien rit rd trong each chep suf theo ldi bien nien ciia cac bp siit Dai Viet sd ky todn thu, Dai Viet sd ky tiin bien va Khdm dinb Viet su thfrng gidm cuong muc. Diem dac biet cua cac bd sii tren la khi viet vl cac trilu vua phong kiln cHa Viet Nam ben canh nien hieu cua vi vua Viet Nam dlu co chua thera nien hieu cua cac vi vua Trung Quoc IUdng ting Vi du nhU nam 1226, dupc ghi la Kiln Trung nam thii hai va Tdng Bao Khanh nara thii 2. Khi chep nhiing sif kien diln ra dudi trilu Trin tit nara
10,1
Nguyin Thu Hiln
1226 din nira 1259, cic tac pham sfl hpc phong kiln tren chi s i dung nien hieu cua vua nha Nam Tong song song vdi nien hieu cua vua Trin. Nhung khi chep ve cac nam 1260 - 1278, trong cac tac phara niy lai sft dung den ba nien hieu: mpt nien hieu cua vua Trin, mflt nien hieu cua vua Nara Tdng ( m -^^ ) va mpt nien hieu cua vua Nguyen (.^'^).
Vip khoang thi ki XVll- XVIII, trong lac pham Dai Viet sti ky todn thu va Dai Viel su ky lien liien bat diu tfl nam 1260, sfl gia phong kiln Viet Nam ddng thdi sft dung nien hieu cfta trilu Nguyen vdi nien hieu cua trilu Nam Tflng. Viet ve nam 1260; Dai Viet su ky lodn thu dung nien hieu cua vua Nam Tflng la Tflng Canh Dinh nam thfl ba trudc rdi din nien hieu cua vua Nguyen li Nguyen Thi To Hflt Tat Liet Trung Thdng nam Ihfl I;
Dat Vtet sil ky lien bien dung cum Ifl "Tdng Canh Dinh nam thfl nhit, Nguyen Thi 16, Hdt Tit Liet nam thfl nhit" [2:347]. Dilu dd cho thiy cac sfl gia trilu Le quan niem ring tfl nim 1260, cue dien Trung Qudc cd sfl tdn tai song song ctia hai the lflc Nam Tdng va trilu Nguyen cung chia nhau cai tri dit nudc. Sfl gia trilu Le quan niem tfl nim 1260, trilu Nguyen thflc sfl da trd thinh nhfl rapt dfli trpng vdi trilu Nam Tflng trpng viec kiem spat Ianh Ihd Trung Qudc.
Din Ihl ki XIX, trpng lac pham Khdm dinh Vtet sic thdng gidm cudng muc, sii gia trilu Nguyin lai chp rang phai tfl nam 1271 vdi viec lay qudc hieu Ii "Dai Nguyen"
(A7C) n](5i la niflc danh diu su xuat hien cua ten gpi "Nguyen". Nam I26I, sfl gia Irilu Nguyin dung nien hieu li "Tong, nira Canh Dinh thfl hai; Mdng Cd, nam Trung Thdng thfl2"[5;487].
Nira 1271, Khdm dinh Viet su Ihdng gidm cudng muc chep sfl kien "Nim ay, Mong Cd ddi qudc hieu li Dai Nguyen" [5;500]. VI vay Ifl nam 1272, sfl gia trilu Nguyen mdi bit diu dung tfl "Nguyen" (7C1 ^) kem theo nien hieu cua vua Nguyen ben canh nien hieu eila trilu Nam Tflng. Cu the nhu, nam 1272 dupc chu Ihich Ihem la Tong, nam Hira Thuin thfl 8; Nguyen, nim Chi Nguyen thfl 9" [5;.')00].
Dil sfl dung cum Ifl khac nhau nhung chung ta thiy ring trong 3 tac phara sfl hpc tren, si gia phong kiln trilu Hau Le, Irilu Nguyin cua Viet Nam deu khing dinh rang tit nam 1260, cue dien chinh tri cua Trung Qudc da cd sfl thay dfl'i. Tnlu Nam Tdng khong con la mpt vfldng Irilu phong kiln duy nhit cai quan Ianh Ihd Trung Qudc. Trilu Nara Tflng buflc phai ddi mit vdi sU that khi quyin lflc bi chia se Ifl mflt Ihl lflc mdi ndi dfldi sit lanh dao cua Hdt Ttt Liet.
Trong Viet sd yeu, Hoang Cao Khai gian liep phan anh linh trang tren thong qua su kien nam 1260: "Thi Td Mflng Cd sai sfl thin sang thflng hieu vdi nfldc la. Vua quan nudc ta cung lay ll nghi ddi dat vdi si thin Mong Cd nhfl dfli dai vdi sfl thin nhi T^ng.
Vl vay nudc la mdi cd viec "lUdng cdng luan vang" la hai lin Iuan phien di cdng, nghia la di cdng hiln nhi Tdng lai di cdng hien Mflng Cd" [I ;203].
Bitdautflnim 1280 cho din nim ITidl, tiong Dai Viet sti ky todn thu, Bai Viet si ky lien bien va Khdtn dinh Viet sd ihong gidm cudng muc dlu sfl dung duy nhil nien hieu 102
Su thdnh lap trieu Nguyin (Trung Qudc) qua mdt sd tdc phdm .sii hpc Viet Nam...
Wdng ling cua cac vua trieu Nguyen ben canh nien hieu cQa vua Trin. Sit gia phong kien Viet Nam cho rang trieu Nguyen chinh thiic Ird Ihanh mpt vUdng trilu phong kien duy nhit nim quyin cai Iri tren Ianh thd Trung Qudc lif nam 1280,
NhSn thiic dung din ve nhiing diln bien chinh tri ciia Trung Qudc chi phdi rit Idn den nhiing chinh sach cua cac trilu dai phong kien Viet Nam. Giai doan 1260 -1279, khao sat cac bd sut tren cho IhSy "raSt dd" vua Trin cit sii gia sang dien kiln Nguyen The To Hdi T^l Liet kha day dac vao cac nam 1261, 1262, 1263, 1266, 1269, 1272, 1275, 1278.
Trong khi dd mdi quan he vdi trilu Nam Tong lai kha md nhai vdi hai sU kien vao nam 1273 va 1274. Trieu Trin da rit y thiic ve sU Idn manh cua Ihl lUc mdi ciing vdi "dU cam"
su suy vong dang gin kl cua trilu Nara Tdng. Tit sau nara 1279 cho din trUdc nam 1368, trilu Tran xac dinh trilu Nguyen la ddi tupng quan trdng va chii ylu nhil trong quan he bang giao.
Nhu vay, qua each ghi chep su kien lich sii, sii gia phong kiln Viet Nam trong cac bd qudc sut da nhin nhan sU xuit hien ciia trieu Nguyen trong lich sit Trung Quoc trUdc hit la rapt thi lUc song song ldn lai vdi trilu Nam Tong (giai doan 1260 - 1278) va tilp dd trd thanh mdt vifdng trilu phong kiln duy nhit d Trung Quoc (giai doan 1279 - 1368).
2.3. Ve nguyen nhan trieu Nguyen thay the trieu Nam Tong
Nam 1279, cac tac pham sit hpc phdng kiln Viet Nara dii do Qudc sif quan hay ca nhan chiu trach nhiem bien soan dlu ghi sif kien diet vong hoan loan cua trilu Nara Tdng.
Dai Viet sd ky todn thu ghi ring: "Quan Nguyen danh up quan Tdng d Nhai Sdn, quan Tdng thua, Ta thifa IUdng nha Tdng la Luc Tii Phu cdng vua Tong nhay xudng bien chit;
hau cung va cac quan chit theo rit nhilu. Qua 7 ngay xac noi Ien raat nifdc bien din hdn 10 van ngUdi. Xac vua Tdng cung d day. Thi la iing diem sao sa xudng bien. Nam iy nha Tdng mil" [2;493-494].
Viet su: tteu dn ghi rang: "Nien hieu Thieu Bao thii nhit, ngUdi Nguyen danh nha Tdng, Thifa tifdng nha Tdng la Luc Tu Phu cdng vua Tdng nhay xuong bien ma bi chit dudi den hdn 10 van ngUdi. Nam iy nha Tdng mit nUdc" [4;218].
Viet su yiu chep ring: "Nam 1279 dUdng lich tiic la nam dau nien hieu Thieu Bau vua Trin Nhan Tdng, td'c nam thii 16 nien hieu Chi Nguyen The To nha Nguyen, nUdc Mdng Co da diet dUdc nha Tdng" [1;205].
Li giai ve nguyen nhan trilu Nguyen thay the Irilu Nam Tdng lai cd sif khac nhau giiia cac sif gia phong kiln Viet Nam.
Cach li giai thii nhit dUdc da sd stf gia phdng kiln Viel Nara thdng nhit dd la vi trieu Tong khdng tuan theo "menh trdi". Sif thin Ngd Si Lien cho ring: "Trong khoang Irdi dit chi cd am dUdng hai khi ma thdi. NgUdi Iam vua ldng trung hda thi trdi dit dinh vi, mudn vat sinh due ma khi lilt dilu hda. Nlu khi am thinh ma pham bay din khi difdng, thi trdi dit tit vi ngUdi lam vua raa bao trUdc viec biln. Cho nen biln bao ra IrUdc ma iing nghiem sau. DUdng biy gid, nad nhSt thuc, nao mat trdi lay ddng, dit toac, mUa da, sao
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Nguyin Tliu I liiin
sa dlu la khi im thinh hdn khi dUdng, dd la Irieu chflng khdng phai tot con mflu hai vua cha, till li Di Dich xam lin Trung Qudc. Pham ngudi liira vua miil nfldc, kinh can sfl ran bao cua trdi, lo ling het viiic cua ngfldi, la cai dao van hdi lai biln ciia Irdi vay Nhi Tdng dii khong the van hdi dfldc lai hicn ciia Irdi... " |2;494].
Ngfl Si Lien cho ring nguyen nhan suy vong cua Irieu Tong xuil phil Ifl chinh trieu Tdng mi chua dl cip din nguyen nhin t i phia trilu Nguyen. Vdi each lip Iuan nhfl tren, si gia Ngd Si Lien da Iiy thuylt "Ihien menh" cua tfl Ifldng Nho giao Iam co sd de Ii giai su suy vong cua trilu Nam Tdng. Ifl dd sfl gui Ngd Si Lien khing dinh nguyen nhan sau xa Ii vua Nam Tdng da khflng kinh can theo sfl rin biio cua trdi, khdng Ihuan theo menh trdi cho nen mdi bi tnlu Nguyen lit dd. Cic hten tfldng tfl nhiiin nhfl nhat thflc, mfla da, sao sa... theo quan dil'm cua si gia Ngo Si Lien li nguyen nhin IrUc lilp la diem bao trudc cfta trdi \ l sU suy vong cfta trilu Nara I'dng. Cich li giai nay mang tinh phd biln khi sfl gia Ngd Si Lien di cap din nhilu hien Ifldng khic trong lich sfl. Cu the nhfl khi ban vl sfl thilt lap trieu Trin nam 1226, Iren cd sd sfl suy vong cua Iricu Ly, sfl gia viel; "Tam dai xua liy dude thien ha la vi long nhan, cho nen nhflng vua cd die Idn ma khong lim nhilu vice ac qua lim thi trdi chfla bao gid vpi dflt. Nha Ha neu khong cd Kiet, nha ThUdng neu khdng cd Tru thi phic trdi Iruyin ndi cd lii cung ehua hit" [2;437]. Hay sfl kien thfldng hpang Trin Thai Tflng bing ha vao ngiy 1 thing 4 (am lich) nam Dinh Sflu 1277, sft gia Ngd Si Lien cd nhic din diira bao "TrUdc la thUdng hoang den dudng, chdt thay con ret bd tren io ngu, thfldng hoang sd liy tay phfti di, con rlt rdi xudng dit cd tieng keu, nhin xem thi cai dinh sal. Bdi toin la dilm vl nam Dinh" [2;488]. Nhan biet diem bao cua Irdi vl rapt hien tudng sap dien ra theo sft gia Ngu Si Liiin khdng phai la su suy diln ma c6 cd sd rieng ma Iheo quan diem cua sft gia thi dd thflc sfl la "su hpc ve sim ky Ihual sl"
[2:489].
Din diu Ihl ki XX. sfl gia Hoang Cap Kliai di dfla ra nhflng lap Iuan thuyel phuc Ii giai vl su thilt lap cua trilu Nguyen Ifl chinh sflc manh cua thi lflc niiy trpng qua trinh tft mpt bfl lac d phia bic Trung Qudc din khi trd thanh "cudng thinh nhfl dai bang" 11:203].
Sflc manh nay dudc "giai rai" thflng qua vdi ba nguyen nhiin. Nguyen nhin thi nhil la do Mdng Cd td chic rapt dai hpi quy tpc gpi li "khfl li nhi thai". Nguyen nhan thi hat la
"Nhan dan Mflng Cd, lie cdn thieu thdi, dcu liy \ iec t,ip bin va di san Iam nghi nghiep, cho nen nginh ky binh cfta ho rit tinh IUdng" (1 ;204]. Nguyen nhan Ihfl ba la id chflc quan ddi rit chat che cfta ngfldi Mflng Cd cho nen "cic tfldng hieu cua Mflng Cd deu cd khi phach kieu hung Iim liet khdng chiu de cho bit ki at xftc pham din danh dfl cia ho cung nhu To qudc cfta hp" [ I ;204]. Sp vdi cic sft gia phong kiln Viijt Nam Irfldc dd, quan diem cfta Hoang Cao Khii da the hien linh khich quan vi khoa hoc khi Ii giai nguyen nhSn Irilu Nguyen thiet lap xuat phat tfl thflc tiln lich sft. Tuy nhicn y kiln cfta Hoang Cao Khai vin chua thflc sfl toin dien. Bdi le nlu chi lim nguyen nhiin trieu Nguyen thilt lap dfla tren cd sd sflc manh quan sfl thi se philn dien. Trilu Nguyen sd di giinh thing lpi trfldc trilu Nam Tflng bdi le Nara Tflng vao cudi Ihl ki XII diu the ki XIII da rdi vao khftng hoang vdi tinh trang kiem tinh rudng dat diln ra phd biln, kl cudng trilu chinh rdi loan, quyin 104
Sif thdnh kip trieu Nguyen (Trung QuSc) qua mdi .sd ldc phdm .sff hoc Viet Nam.
binh dcu nira Irong lay gian than nliU Gia Tu Dao, Trin Nghi Trung, Nhicu dai thin Irilu Nara Tdng chi raong ciu hda hdn la id chiJc khang chien chdng xam lUdc.
Quan die'm ciia sif gia phong kiln Vicl Nara vc nguyen nhan thill lap trieu Nguyen cd SLf chuyen biln lif ihl ki XVll cho din diu the ki XX. Tif diu thi ki XII cho din the ki XIX, sif gia phong kicn Viet Nam vin "trung Ihanh" vdi each li giai lay yeu Id ben ngoai
"menh trdi" la nguyen nhan cd ban nhil dSn tdt Ihicl ISp Irilu Nguyen, Ddn diu Ihl ki XX, sit gia phong kien Viel Nara lai phSn lich nhu'ng uu the nd'i bai ciia Mdng Co irong ddi sdng sinh hoal Ihudng nhai din each thiic id chifc quiin dpi, id chifc chinh tri.
So sanh vdi quan diera ciia sii gia phong kicn Trung Quoc ihc hien irong cac cudn sit nhu Nguyen \if (do sif gui Iricu Nguyi:n bicn soan xong vao nam 1369), Tdn Nguyen su (do Kha Thieu Van hoan Ihiinh nam 1919) vc sU thicl lap Iricu Nguyen, chimg la nhan thiiy cd mdi sd dicm IUdng ddng. Sii gia phong kicn Trung Qudc cung nhin raanh uu Ihl vc quan su nhu life lUdng, chiln thual lac chien la nhan id quycl dmh ihang ldi ciia Mdng Co Irdng qua trinh thdn linh lanh thd Trung Qudc. Ddng Ihdi sif gia 'J'rung Qudc dUa viio thuyel "thien menh" de' khiing dinh sif thay the til ylu ciui Irilu Nguyen ddi vdi trieu Nara Tdng. Ben canh dd, sii gia phong kicn Trung Qudc da philn lich sU suy yeu ciia tneu Nara Tdng la mdt nguyen nhan quan trong difa den sU thicl lap Iricu Nguyen.
3. Ket luan
Klii nhin nhan lai quan niera ciia sif gia phong kicn Vict Nara vc sU thilt lap tneu Nguyen thdng qua mol sd Uic phara sif hoc tit the ki XIV den dau the ki XX, chiing ta lhay cd mdi so diem kha Ihii vi.
Tneu Nguyen la mdt vifdng Iricu phong kiln cd quan he IrUc tilp va chii yeu nhit vdl trilu Trin (1226 - 1400) trong hch sii Viet Nam Trong cac lac pham sit hoc dUdc bien soan irong thdi ki phong kiln, sif gia Viel Nara da the hien quan niem rieng ve sif thilt lap Irilu Nguyen. Theo sif gia phong kien Viel Nam du d lac phara raang linh qudc sif hay tac pham sit hoc do ca nhan bien soan deu cho rang t n l u Nguyen xual hien trong ddi sdng chfnh tri ciia Trung Qudc trUdc hit vdi IU each la mdt Ihc life chia sc quyin life cai quan lanh thd Trung Qudc lif nam 1260 Nara 1271 danh hieu '"Dai Nguyen" ra ddi nhUng theo sif gia phong kiln Viel Nara mdc Ihdi gian nay chua khang dinh su ldn lai vdi tif each la radt Ihl lUc phong kien nam quyin cai iri tuyel ddi ircn lanh Ihd Trung Qudc ciia trilu Nguyen Phai den nara 1279 vdi sU suy vong hoan loan ciia trilu Nam Tdng, sif gia phong kiln Viet Nam cho ring day mdi chinh la sif kien raang linh bu'dc ngoat danh diu su thill lap trilu Nguyen tren cUdng vi radt vUdng Irieu phong kiln ndi lilp Irilu Nam Tong Irong lich sit phong kiln Trung Qudc.
LI giai sU thilt lap trilu Nguyen, sif gia phong kiln Viel Nam lif the ki XVll din the ki XIX chiu su chi phdi rat ldn cua he IU Ufdng Nho guio khi liy ihuyll "thien raenh" lara cd sd lap luan chinh Sif gia Ngd Si Lien la ngUdi diu lien dua ra quan die'm nay trong lac pham Dai Viei .sd ky todn thU va din Dai Viet .sd ky ticn hien sii gia Ngd Thi Si van liep
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Nguyin Thu Hiln
tuc nhin manh lai. Cach Ii giai tfl "menh trdi" va nhflng dilm bao theo sim ky la nhing han chl raang tinh thdt dai cia sft gia phpng kiln Viet Nam. Tliy nhien din dau the ki XX, trong Vie'i suyen, sfl gia Hoing Cao Khai da trinh biy quan diem ci nhan cua minh ve su thilt lap trilu Nguyen tfl nhflng td chflc chinh tri, quan sfl cua tneu Nguyen Ifl khi con la miii bfl lac du muc.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO [IJ Hoing Cao Khai, 2007. ViA .sir yeu. Nxb Nghe An.
[2] Ngfl Si Lien vi cac si Ihin trieu Le, 2004. Dai Vtet sii ky lodn ihu, tap I. Nxb Van hda Thdng lin. Hi Ndi.
[3] Ngfl Thi Si, 1997. Dai Viet silky tten hien. Nxb Khoa hoc Xi hpi. Ha Ndi [4| Ngfl Thi Si, 2001. Vif/ .sir/ieH UH Nxb Thanh nien. Ha Npi.
[5] Qudc sfl quan trilu Nguyin, 1998. Khdm dinh Viet su thdng giant cuong mtic. Nxb Giao due. Hi Ndi
[6] Le Tic, 2002. An Nam thi lupc. Nxb Lao dflng - Trung tam Van hda ngfln ngfl Dong TOy, Ha Npi.
ABSTRACT
Vietnamese historians disagree about the establishment of the Yuan dynasty According to Vietnamese feudal historians, the establishment of the Yuan dynasty was very complex. First, the Yuan dynasty was seen as being as ppwerful as the Song dynasty. And, il did contrpl the entirety of China from a certain lirae until 1368.
Vietnamese histprians of Ihe feudal era did not agree about when the Yuan dynasty was established. Some said that God played an important role in the decline of Ihe Song dynasty. Others thought that politics, economics, and military strength might have had something to do with why the Yuan dynasty came into power.
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