z? -IS-
PETROVIETNAMNGHIEN CUU OA MONG CARBONATE NUT NE KHU VUC LO 102 - 106 BANG TAI LIEU OjA VAT LY GIENG KHOAN
ThS. Nguyen Van Hoang, ThS. Nguyin Anh OiJfc Tong cdng ty Thdm do Khai thdc Ddu khi Email: [email protected]
He thong nUt ni ddng vai trd rdt quan trpng doi vdi khd ndng thdm chUa vd cho ddng cua dd chda carbonate ndt ni. Cd nhieu phucfng phdp dia vdt ly gieng khoan dupc dp dung de phdt hiin vd nghiin cdu cdc ddi ndt ni nhu phUdng phdp hinh dnh gieng khoan FMI-FMS, STAR-CBIL, chi so hdp thu quang diin (photoelectric factor-Pef), diin trdsudt, cdc dudng siiu dm, dudng mat dd, dddng caliper, bii'u hiin cdc dinh khi ddi vdi dudng cong do Karota khi... vd ddng thdi dung cdc phucmg phdp ndy dexde dinh dp rdng ndt ne cho dd carbonate.
TUkhda:L6 102 -106, beSdng Hong.
1. Gidi thieu
Ld 102 -106 thudc b l tram tich Sdng Hong, phia Ble them lye dja Viet Nam dUoc hinh thanh t d dja hao dang keo tach ed hUdng Tay Ble - Ddng Nam dupe khdng che d hai canh b I n g cac diit g l y trUdt thuan ngang (Nguyen Manh Huyen va nnk, 2007). SU va cham eUa 2 m I n g Ddng Duong va A - Au d giai doan Eocene - Oligocene sdm la khdi dau ciia boat ddng diift gay d khu vyc, sau dd la hoat ddng van xoSn theo chieu kim ddng hd va keo tach. Be tram tich t r l i qua mot Ijch sd phat t r i l n t d Paleogene den nay vdi nhilu pha nen ep, tach gian, nghich dIo, bao mdn e l t xen va liin chim nhiet. Be Sdng Hdng cd nhilu don vj cau true, tuy nhien d Ld 102 - 106 dUpc chia lam 3 khu vUc chinh (Hinh 1):
Khu \i\lc Tay Nam ( n l m d phia Tay Nam cCia duft g l y song Chly va thude them ddn nghieng Thanh Nghe) vdi cac phUc hdp da b i l n chat tudi Proterozoie, tram tich carbonate v l tram tfch lye nguy#n
tudi Mesozdic vdi chilu day tram tich xap xi 2.000m.
Trung Trung tam ( n l m d glCfa diit g l y Sdng Ld va Sdng Chly) bj I n h hudng rat manh bdi hoat ddng k i l n tao nghjeh dSo trong sudt thdi ky Miocene, tham chf Ien tdi Pliocene;
Viing Ddng Ble ( n l m d phia Ddng B^c ciia d d t gay Sdng Ld) duoc chia t i c h thanh 2 phan t h I m Ha Long v^ khu •vuc Bach Long Vi.
Them Ha Long la them d l mdng tudi Paleozoic dUdc phd tr^n bdi tram
tich Cenozoie cd c h i l u day ~2.000m va cd cac dja hao hep dpc theo dCft gay Sdng Ld cd the tdn tai dia hinh d l vdl chdn viii b i n trong. Ddi Bach Long VT bj I n h hudng bdi hoat ddng k i l n tao nghjeh d I o trong sudt thdi ky Oligocene den Miocene sdm tao nen cac dja hao hep b i n trong.
Trong khu \i\ic Ld 102 -106 da khoan 9 gieng, trong dd mot gieng cd phat hien khi d eau tao Thai Binh eho lUu luong kha tdt trong tram tich cat ket Miocene giCfa;
phat hien dau, condensate, khf trong da mdng nut n l carbonate trUdc Cenozoie d cau tao Ham Rdng.
2. Nghien cuTu he t h o n g nuft nk b^ng cac phi/ang phdp dja v a t ly gieng khoan
2.1. Ddc diem cda dd mong carbonate ndt ni Dp rdng trong da carbonate dupe chia lam 2 loai la dp rong nguyen sinh va dp rong t h d sinh.
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THAM DO - KHAI THAC DAU KHI
Dd rdng nguyen sinh la dp rong dupe hinh thanh ciing vdi qua trinh thanh da, phy thudc vao nhilu yeu td nhU sy sip xep, phan bo, mdc dp gan k i t xi mang va sU lien thdng gida eae khdng gian rong ben trong. Dp rong nay ddng gdp khdng nhieu eho k h i nang chUa eua da carbonate.
Bp rong thd smh la dp rong dUdc thanh tao sau qua trinh thanh d l , dupe hinh thanh do qua trinh rUa lua, tai k i t tinh, dolomite hda va hoat ddng kien tao dja chat. Loai do rong nay ddng vai trd chfnh cho kha nang tham chda ciia da carbonate nOt ne.
Ndt n l md la loai ndt n l cd chilu rpng nhd, khdng bi lap bdi cAc khoang vat thU sinh. Dp rong eua loai ndt n l n l y r i t thap (chi vai %) nhung cd vai trd rat quan trpng ddi vdi k h i nang tham chda ciia da carbonate nut ne.
Ndt n l b i l n dang la cac loai nUt ne sau khi duoc hinh thanh lai bj tac ddng bien ddi cd the lam tang hoac lam g i l m dp tham ciia da mdng carbonate,
Nuft n l kfn la eae loai nuft n l bj lap bdi cac khoing vat thd sinh, lam giam do rong cung nhu dp tham ciia da mdng carbonate.
Hang hoc: Hoat ddng ciia nUde ngam trong da rwJti ne lam xdi mon rda lua cd the tao n l n cic hang hoc, nhat la chd giao e l t giUa cac ndt ne. Loai nay lam tang dang ke dp rong cung nhu do tham chda cua da mdng carbonate...
2.2. Sddung cdcphUUng phdp dja vdt ly gieng khoan de nghiin cdu he thong ndt ni
2.2.7. Xdc dinh dmh tinh thdnh phan thach hgc Dua vao tai lieu do dia v l t ly gieng khoan, tac gia xay dung do thj true giao gida g i l trj do Neutron-mat dp va
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Dslemlte 3,1 2,8-2,9
CalcHe soa 2 69-2 74 (theo Element Mineral Hocli Catolog)
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WinA 2. %m dd true giao giUa Ntutron-mdt dd vd cdc chi sd hap thu quang diin de xdc dinh thdnh phdn thach hoc cuo dd mong carbonate
g i l trj hap thu quang dien cho thay eae gia tri p h l n bd trong khoang dolomite va limestone, ehdng td d l vdl bj dolomite hda, Qua trinh dolomite hda se lam da vdi bi CO ngdt the tfch gdp phan tao nen ndt ne [4]. Cac hoat ddng klen tao, hoat ddng rda lua [111 cua khu viic nay rat manh, p h i t trien manh elc duft gay, he thong nUt n l v l hang hoc Karst.
2.2.2. Phdt hien ddl ndt ni bdng cdc phdang phdp dja vdt 1^
gieng khoan
Cac phuong p h I p dja v l t ly gieng khoan chu ylu duoc ap dung de nghien cdu he thdng ndt ne, tuy nhien phu thuoc vao dp p h l n g i l i eua tdng phUdng phap ml dupe dng dung rdng rai hay han che.
Phuong phap do dudng kfnh gieng khoan (Caliper) dung de do kich thudc dudng kinh va hinh dang Idng gieng khoan. Sy gia tang kich thudc dUdng kfnh gilng khoan dupe xem la dau hi^u ciia ddi ndt ne.
DCAL^CAL-BS (1) DCAL: Dp khac b i l t cCia dudng kinh gilng khoan
thuc t l vdi dudng kinh chodng khoan;
CAL: Dudng kfnh gieng khoan;
BS- Dudng kfnh cua chodng khoan,
Phuong phap Pef dung de do chi sd hap thu quang dien tU tren mot ddn vj thiet dien ngang cua thanh he (b/e). Vdi dolomite Pe cd chi sd la 3,14, calcite 11 5,08, barite la 267. PhUOng phap nay rat tdi Uu de phit hien ddi nut ne md vi d dd dung djch khoan s i ngam vIo thanh he mang theo barite, khi dd gia trj eua Pe s i tang cao ddi vdi k h o i n g cd ndt n l .
Phuong phap the t u nhien (SP): dudng cong SP se tang trong ddi nut n l va cd the sd dung dudng cong nly de xac djnh ddi ndt n l . Nhin ehung dUdng cong SP ed xu hudng bj nhay, khdng dn djnh tai ddi ndt n l do k i t qui ciia qua trinh tham ciia dung djch khoan vao t h I n h h i .
PhUdng phap d i l n trd: Khi tdn tai ddi ndt n l md dung djch khoan se bj ngam vao thanh he theo elc nUt n l . Khi do su tUdng p h l n giOa dudng dien trd do ndng (LLS) va dudng dien trd do sau (LLD) se cd sii t i c h bilt, chi rasytdntaicCiaddi n d t n l .
Phuong phap sieu I m : Phuong p h I p sieu I m la phuong phap do thdi gian lan truyen cua sdng dpc sdng ngang cua dat d l doc t h I n h gieng khoan. Trong ddi nUt n l sdng dpc (P-wave) it bi I n h hudng bdi ndt n l hdn II sdng ngang (S-wave). Nhin chung khi gap nuft n l thdi
PETROVIETNAM
Cdngty
Bdng 1. Cdc thiet bi do hinh dnh gieng khoan bdng vihe cdc dien
Thiet bj I Sd lupng cang So iiTdng dien cUc Halliburton \ EMI (Electrical Micro Imaging Tool)
Schiumberger | FMS (Formation MicroScanner) 5chlumberger FMI (Formation Microlmager)
Baker Atlas j STAR (SimulTaneous Acoustic and Resistivity Imager) gian lan truyen sdng cCia ca sdng dpc va sdng ngang deu tang Ien.
RTD - — ^ (2) DTc
Trong do:
i ? r o - T y s d e u a t d c d d lan truyin sdng ngang va sdng dpc;
DT^ Tdc dp lan truyen ciia sdng ngang, ms/ft;
DT^- Tdc dp lan truyen ciia sdng dpc, ms/ft.
Phuong phap do nhiet dp: Dudng cong do nhlet dp cd XU hudng tang theo chieu sau. Tuy nhien do hien tuong ngam dung djch khoan d ddi nut ne ket qua lam cho nhiet dp bi g i l m xudng khi qua ddi nay.
Phuong phap hlnh anh gieng khoan cho hinh anh thanh gieng khoan bang dien trd, song am hoac cac thiet bi video, cung cap cac thdng tin tren thanh gieng khoan nhu gdc ddc, nut n l , ddt gay, bat chinh hpp, hang hoc, va tudng mdi trUdng dja chat (Hlnh 3) [5]. Thdng tin ve nift n l , hang hoc... se dUdc bieu hien bang cac khoang sim mau hole khoang chat sit la nhUng khoang sang mau tren bang Log.
Phuong phap do hlnh anh g i l n g khoan bang he vi cue gdm mot tap hpp cac vi dien cUc dupe sap xep tren cac cang cCia thiet bi. Cle cang nay 6uc^c ap sat thanh gieng khoan khi do va do dupe tap hdp mot day cac dudng dien trd, sau dd sap x I p lai cho ra hlnh anh ciia thanh gieng khoan. Mot sd cdng ty tren the gidi da che tao cac t h i l t bi quet hinh anh thanh gieng khoan (Bang 1).
PhUdng phap do hlnh anh gieng khoan bang sieu am 6Ucic thuc hien khi may gieng dat dinh tam trong gieng khoan. Khi do, dau phat se phat ra sdng sieu I m . Cac song nay khi cham vao dat da d thanh gieng thi bj hap thy mdt phan nang lupng rdi phan xa trd lai va duoc ghi nhan tai cac dau thu dat dtrye gieng khoan. Sau khi x d 1;^ so lieu bang eae phan mem chuyen dyng se n h l n dupe hinh anh ciia thanh gieng khoan.
PhUdng phap phan tich dUdng cong hieu chinh mat dp: Tren b i l u dd Density Log, dudng cong hieu ehinh mat dd (DRHO) diing de hieu chfnh mat dp do
Hinh 3. Hinh dnh gieng khoan Suae the hien
Bang 2. Cdc thiet bi do hinh anh gieng khoan l)Sng sdng sleu dm Bakeihughes, Halliburton catalog) Cdng ty Thiet bj
Halliburton CAST (Circumferential Acoustic Scanning Tool) Schiumberger UBI (Ultrasonic Borehole Imager) Baker Atlas CBIL (Circuferentlal Borehole Imager Log)
, . STAR (SimulTaneous Acoustic and Resistivity Imager)
anh hudng ciia thanh gieng khoan va Idp vd set. Khi ton tai ddl ndt ne, thanh gieng khoan se b\ go g h i va miin khoan ngam vao ndt ne se lam b i l n do! dudng hieu chinh mat dp.
2.2.3. Xdc dmh do rong cua dd mong carbonate ndt ni qua hinh anh gieng khoan [1]
Td hlnh anh gieng khoan sau khi xd ly, dUdng cong dp d i n se dupe tach ra dpc theo thanh g i l n g khoan t d d d lieu tren. Dudng cong dp dan dien nay phan anh tinh chat dan dien ciia ddi rda. De bien ddi dp dan dien thanh dp rong Newberry sd dung cdng thdc tinh d6 bao hda nudc ciia Archie cho ddi rda.
DAU KHI-so 11/2014
THAM DO - KHAI THAC D A U KHI
aR, 0) ff^o Trong dd:
S^^. Dd bao hda nudc ciia ddi rda;
/ i ^ / Dien trd suat eua filtrate. £lm;
R^^: Dien trd suat eiia ddi rda. Sim;
<t>: Dp rong;
a. H& sd mao d i n ; m: He sd gan ket xi mang;
n: He sd bao hda nude.
Khi thanh he chda nudc S,^ 1 va a = 1, lay m = n = 2, thay vao cdng thUe (3), khi dd hinh I n h gieng khoan theo phuong phap d i l n se dUpc chuyen doi thanh dp rdng theo gia tri R^^ va dien trd suat R^^ ciia filtrate tai diem do vi eye.
a> = (4)
Khi da carbonate ndt n l cd chda dau khi thi dd bao hda d ddi rdaS_^< 1. Do dd, cdng thdc nay dUdcGeoQuest, 1998 chinh sda de giam thieu va loai trd anh hudng do sU thay ddi ban chat cCia chat luu trong via chda. Dp rong tinh toan t d d d lieu FMI/STAR thanh lap t d dp rong tdng cua phuong phap Neutron-mat do va dien trd suat ndng (LLS) [7].
4., = * ^ ( i L 5 x C , ) ' " " (5) Trong do:
0),: Dp rong tinh tdtai lieu FMI/STAR (fraction);
O^: Dd rong theo phUOng phap Neutron-mat dp (fraction);
LLS. Dien trd suat ndng, fim;
C. Dp dan dien tinh t d FMI/STAR, i^m'.
O^ dUdc tinh dUa tren md hinh ELAN 3 khoang vat Ploe^Podl ^ ^ D „ l "'" Pume ^ '^Limc"'" Pflitid " * T (6) NPH!,^, = NPH!^ X F ^ , + NPHl ^V + NPHL , x <S (7)
I 26
Trong dd:
p,^.: Mat dd dUdng log, g/cm';
NPHI^^ • Chi sd neutron cua dUdng log;
p^f. Mat dp cua dolomite, 2,81 g/em';
NPHI^f. Chi sd neutron eua dolomite, 0,03;
pj^^^: Mat do eiia calcite, 2,71 g/cm';
DAU KHi - SO 11/2014
(8)
^D,.f Ty Ph^n the tich cOa dolomite (fraction);
NPHI^^j. Chi so neutron eua calcite, 0;
'\mK-- "''y P^^" ^^^ *'*-^ ^^^ calcite (fraction);
p • Mat dp c h i t lUu, 1 g/cm^
NPHI-. Chi sd neutron cua chat luu, 1.
Do rong tinh t d phUdng phap hinh anh gilng khoan cCing la dp rong tong gom: dp rdng nguyen smh va dp rong t h d sinh. Trong bai bao nay, nhdm tie gil chi quan tam den dp rong t h d sinh hay dp rdng nUt nl trong carbonate, vl vay da xay dung ngudng de cutoff di dd rdng nguyin sinh.
Khi tdn tai ddi nUt ne, dung djch khoan se nglm vIo thanh he va k i t q u i lam d i l n trd do sau se giam. NgUpc lai ddi vdi ddi chat sit, do khdng tdn tai ddi ngam nln dudng dien trd do sau ehi p h l n anh tfnh chat dan diln eua thanh he. Hinh 4 dUpc xay dyng dya tren nguyen tac ehpn khoing khong cd bieu hien dau khi, dUdng dien trd do ndng va do sau khong bi p h l n tach (3.545- 3.555mMD). Ket qua xay diing bieu do phan bd dp rdng
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P E T R O V I E T N A M
Bing 3. To hap cdc phuong phap dia vdt ly diing de nghien cihi gieng khoan X K h o a n g d o (m) T o h o p cac p h u o n g p h a p d i a v a t l y g i e n g k h o a n
R u n # l a : XMAC - ORIT- WGI - GR - TTRM - Swivel Run#1 b RTEX - MLL - ZDL - CM - GR - TTRM - Swivel 3.400 - 3.850 Run#2: STAR - GR - TTRM - Swivel
Run#3: RCI - GR
C h a t i U d n g _ _ T 6 I ^
Tpt_
_ _ _ T o L Tot CN. Phumg ptidp neutror)
WGI. Phumg plidp 3o hlnh thai gieng Ithoan STAR- Phi/ang phap binh dnh gieng khoan TTRM: Phuong phdp 3o nhiit 3d XMAC: Phuong phdp song dm
MLL Phuong phdp do dier\ trd bdng vi he a GR: Phuong phdp do gamma ti/nhign ZDL-Phuong phdp mdt do ORIT: Phuong phdp dmh hudng
Ung v d i d i e n t r d d k h o i n g n a y c h o t h a y , d p r o n g t U 3.545 - 3 . 5 5 5 m c d x a c s u a t x u a t h i e n d p r o n g 0,005 - 0 , 0 0 8 % v d i t a n s u a t e a o n h a t , g i a t r i n a y d u p e d i i n g l a m g i a t r i c u t o f f . 3 . D t f l i e u v a k e t q u a p h a n t i c h c h o g i e n g k h o a n X , L 6 1 0 2 - 1 0 6 b e S o n g H d n g
N h d m t i e g i a t h U c h i e n cac p h u o n g p h a p d o d i a v a t ly g i e n g k h o a n d d i v d i v i a ehUa m d n g c a r b o n a t e d a y h d n 4 0 0 m ( d U d c p h a t h i e n t a i g i e n g k h o a n X, L d 1 0 2 - 1 0 6 } .
T h a n h p h a n t h a c h h p c dUa v a o b l e u d o t r U c g i a o g i d a N e u t r o n - m a t d p v a c h i s d h a p t h u q u a n g d i e n c u a d u d n g c o n g PEF ( H i n h 5) c h o t h a y t r o n g k h o a n g 3 . 4 0 0 - 3 , 5 0 0 m , 3 . 5 5 0 - 3 , 6 4 0 m c h u y e u la d o l o m i t e , k h o a n g c d n lai la d a v o i c a l c i t e .
D d i nuft n e , t r o n g k h o a n g n g h i e n cUu t U d p s l u 3 . 4 6 5 - 3 . 4 7 5 m v d i d U d n g k i n h c h o d n g k h o a n la 6 i n c h , d u d n g c a l i p e r g h i n h a n c d d u d n g k i n h I d n h o n 6 i n c h , g i a t r i PEF > 5,1 v a b i e u h i e n c u a k h i t r o n g k h i k h o a n . D u d n g c o n g d p d a n ( x u a t ra t d p h u o n g p h a p h l n h I n h g i l n g k h o a n ) c h o p h e p x a c d i n h cac d d i n d t ( H l n h 5),
D o r d n g , d d r o n g t d n g t r o n g k h o a n g d p sau t d 3.465 - 3 . 4 7 5 m d U d c t i n h t o a n t h e o e d n g t h d c (5) ( H i n h 7), s a u d d x a y d y n g m d h l n h c u t o f f t h d n g s d d p r o n g t h e o H i n h 4 v d i h e s d c u t o f f la 0 , 0 0 8 % . K i t q u i p h a n t i c h d o r o n g d U d c t r i n h b a y d B a n g 4 .
4 . K e t l u a n
K i t q u i n g h i e n e d u L d 1 0 2 - 1 0 6 d a c h U n g m i n h 6a c h d a c a r b o n a t e n d t n e t r U d e B e T a m la d d i t U p n g t i e m n a n g ehufa d a u khf.
- B p r o n g t r o n g 6a m d n g c a r b o n a t e t r U d c B e T a m c h i i y e u la d p r o n g n d t n e t u y n h i e n d p m d cCia cac n d t n e r a t n h d v a n h d h d n r a t n h i e u so v d i d o p h a n g i a i e i i a p h u o n g , p h a p N e u t r o n - m a t d p . Vi vay, v i e c s d d y n g p h u o n g p h a p t f n h t o a n d o r o n g t U p h U d n g p h a p h i n h a n h g i e n g k h o a n c d t h e t a n g d p p h a n g i l i t d 2 - 3 f e e t I e n 1,2 i n c h .
B i e u h i ^ n etia g i a t r i d p r d n g t i n h b a n g p h u o n g p h a p
RCI. Phuong phdp do dp suat va lay mdu chdi thdnh he
RTEX. To hap cdc phuong phdp do dien trd Swivel: Oo sUc cang ddy cdp
N e w b e r r y t u o n g t h i c h v d i b i e u h i e n h a n g h d c nuft n l t r e n b a n g h i n h a n h g i e n g k h o a n va d a c b i e t t a i v i trf c d d p r o n g c a o (9,7%) n h a d i e u h a n h d a lay m ^ u c h a t lUu t a i d p sau 3 . 5 3 3 , 5 m M D . P h U o n g p h a p n a y c d t i n h t h y c t i l n c a o , c d t h e
Bang 4. Kel qua phdn tich do rang khoang do sdu 3 465 - i.47Sm
K h o a n g C h i e u C h i e u T y s d c h i e u | D d r o n g i d a y d a y h i e u d a y h i e u d u n g / h i e u t d n g d u n g C h i e u d a y t d n g d u n g 3 465 - 3.475
Hinh S. Thach hoc va coc khoang ntilne ciia gieng khoan X tir ket qua phdn tich cdc dudng cong dia vdt ly gilng khoan, 16102-106
lfinh6.B6rong<P^cikhodngddsdu3 465-i.47Sm D I U KHi-SO 11/2014 2 7
THAM DO - KHAI THAC D A U KHi
Hinh 7. Dd rong fli, sosdnh vdi nUt ni tUhinh dnh gieng khoon ap dyng de tfnh toan dp rdng trong da mdng carbonate nut n l . Tuy nhien, b i n chat eiia phuong phap nay phu thupc vao dd dan dien cua cac vat chat chda trong khe nut, n l u khe ndt bi lap bdi cac khoang vat dan dien nhu set thi se cd sai sd. Vi vly, d l chfnh xac hda thdng so do rong, can nghien cufu them dd rdng bang phuong phap phan tich mau Idi va phuong phap do cdng hudng t d (NMR).
Tai lieu tham khao
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106
Summary
Nguyen Van Hoang, Nguyen Anh Due Petrovietnam Exploration Production Corporation
The fracture system plays an important role in the porosity and permeability capacity of fractured carbonate.
There are several well logging methods which are applied to determine and study fractured zone such as imagiH methods FMI-FMS, STAR-CBIL, photoelectric factor (Pef), resistivities, acoustic density, caliper, and gas peak of mil logging. These methods are also used to determine the porosity of carbonate.
Key words: Fracture, porosity, carbonate, resistivity, sonic, density, pef. Song Hong basin.
28 Di(UKHl-SOl1/2014
