QUAN TR!-QUAN LY
DO LlJCfNG DONG LlJC
PHUNG SU CONG CUA CONG CHlfC CAC CCf QUAN CHUYEN MON THUOC UY BAN NHAN DAN T I N H BINH PHl/ofC
• N G U Y I N NGOC DUY PHUONG - DAO THU HL/ONG
TOM TAT:
Nghidn cffu nay dffdc thffc hien nham danh gia cdc yd'u to tdc dpng dd'n ddng Iffc Idm vide ciaa cdng cbffc cac cd quan chuydn mdn thude Uy ban nhan dan (UBND) tinh Binh Phffdc bang vide khdo sdt 311 cdng chffc. Phffdng phap dinh tinh dffdc thffc hidn hang ky thudt thdo luan nhdm vd la'y y kie'n chuyen gia dd' dieu chinh md hinh, phffdng phap dinh Iffdng dffdc sff dung vdi cdc kiem dinh Cronbachs Alpha, phdn tich nhdn td EFA vd phan tich hdi quy da bie'n. Ke't qua da xdc dinh 3 ye'u to cd dnh hffdng trffc tiep de'n ddng Iffc lam vide, sap xe'p theo thff iff giam d^n:
Ban cba't cdng viec, Lffdng va ehd' do phuc Ipi, Sff cam kd't cdc ldi ich cdng. Tff dd, nghien cffu dd xud't cdc bdm y chinh sach dd'n nha qudn tri nhdm ndng cao ddng life lam viec cbo cdng chffc tai cac cd quan chuyen mdn thupc UBND tinh Binh Phffdc.
Tiif khoa: Dpng Iffc phung sff cdng, PSM, cdng cbffc, Uy ban nhdn dan tinh Binh Phffdc.
1. D^t \^n dd
Mdi qud'c gia mud'n pbdt trien can phdi ed ede ngudn Iffc, trong dd ngudn Iffc con ngffdi ddng mdt vai trd quan trpng va quyd't dinb dd'n sff pbat tnen cua mdi qud'c gia. Ddi vdi mdt td chffc, con ngffdi khdng chi la yen td' eP ban trong qua trinh hoat dpng, md eon Id chia kbda ddn de'n thanh cdng cua td cbffc. Mdt td chffc chi dat dffdc muc tidu cua minh khi cdc nhdn vien lam vide mdt cdch hieu qua va sdng lao. Doi vdi cac cd quan hanb ehinh se khdng the' thanh cdng ne'u khdng ed dpi ngu can bd, cdng chffc cd du nang Iffc, trinb dd va ddng Iffc lam vide. Vide tao ra ddng Iffc lam viec cho nbdn vien da ird thanh mdt phan khdng the thid'u trong chie'n Iffdc ngudn nban Iffc eua mdi mot to chffc (Kovach, 1987). Ddng Iffc se thiic day cdng chffc Idm vide mdt cdch cd bidu qud nhd't, gdp phan nang cao bieu Iffc, bidu qua eiia bd mdy bdnb ehinb
nhd nffdc ndi chung va cdc eP quan banb cbinb ndi ridng. Mue dieb eua nghidn cffu ndy Id phdn tich cac ye'u to tdc ddng trffc tid'p dd'n dpng Iffc lam viec cua cdng cbffc. Mdi quan he giffa cdc yeu id' va mffc dd tac ddng cua tffng ye'u id'den dpng Iffc lam vide eua cdng cbffc. Nghidn cffu dffdc thffc hidn tai edc cd quan chuyen mdn thude UBND tinh Binh Phffdc. Nghidn cffu dffdc su' dung phffdng phdp nghien cffu dinb tinh va dinh Iffdng vdi ed mdu quan sdt Id 311 mdu. Nghidn cffu nay giup nha quan ly hieu dffdc nhffng yeu id cbinb nao tac ddng de'n ddng Iffc phung sff cdng cua cdng cbffc nhdm mang lai hieu life, hidu qua cao cho khd'i cdc ed quan banb cbinb nbd nffdc.
2. Cd sd ly thuye't va md hinh nghien cffu 2.1. Congehdc
Ludt Cdn bd, cdng cbffc sd 22/2008/QH12 ngdy 13/11/2008 cua Qud'c hdi quy dinh: "Cdng cbffc Id
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cdng ddn Viet Nam, dffdc tuydn dung, bd nhiem vao ngach, chffc vu, cbffc danh trong cd quan cua Dang Cong sdn Viet Nam, Nha nffdc, td chffc ehinb tri - xd hdi d trung ffdng, ca'p linb, ca'p huyen;
quan ly eua ddn vi sff nghiep cdng Idptua Dang Cdng san Viet Nam, Nha nffdc, td cbffc chinh tri - xd hdi (gpi chung Id ddn vi sff nghidp cdng lap)".
2.2. D^ng lUc Idm viec
Cd ra't nhieu ede dmh nghTa ve ddng Iffc lam viec cua cac nha nghien cffu trong vd ngoai nffdc.
Theo Nguyen Van Diem, Nguyen Ngoc Qudn (2010), dpng Iffc Id sff khat khao vd iff nguydn cua con ngffdi nham tdng cffdng sff nd Iffc de dat dffdc muc dich hay mdt ket qua eu the. Koonlz & cdng sff (2004), "Ddng Iffc lam viec la nhffng ye'u td' thuc day eon ngffdi tbffe hien cdng vide. Dong Iffc Id nhffng phffdng lien ma nhd chung cdc nhu cau mdu thudn nhau cd the dffpe dieu hda hoac mdt nhu cdu dffdc dd cao hdn de sao cho chung dffdc ffu tien hPn eae nhu can kbdc". Antomioni (1999) cho rang, nhffng nd Iffc eua mpi ngffdi san sdng thffc hidn cdng vide cua hp phu thude vao mffc dp ma ho cam nhan ve nhu cau ddng Iffc cua ho se dffdc tbda mdn va ddng Iffc eiia ede cd nbdn se ma't di ne'u bp cam thd'y cd dieu gi dd trong id chffc, ngan can ho dat dffdc ke't qua td't.
2.3. Cdc nghien cdu trUdc lien quan Tdc gia Perry (1996) da dffa rakbai niem ddng Iffc phung sff cdng vdi md hinh nghien cffu Public service motivation (PSM) gdm cd 4 nhdm yd'u id' ehinb nhff sau: (1) Sff ha'p dan tham gia vdo qua trinh lam cbinb sdch (AFP) (2) Cam kd't vi Idi ich cdng (CPI); (3) Long nhdn tff (Compassion) (4) Sff Iff hy sinh (SS).
Nghidn cffu eua Buelens va Broeek (2007) da chi ra rang, nbdn vidn trong khu vffc cdng ed ddng Iffc phung sff cao hdn khi Idm viec trong mdi trffdng cd tinh hd trd cao va khdng bi gd bd ve phong each lam viec, ddng tbdi ed thd giup bo cdn bdng giffa md'i quan bd cdng vide - gia dinh. Trong nghien cffu cua Wright (2007) cung ehi ra rang eae khuyd'n khich ben irong dd'i vdi nhan vien trong id cbffc cdng mdi chinh la nbdn td tao ddng lu'c, chff khdng phai la khuye'n khich ben ngoai nhff Iffdng bdng. Wright va Pandey (2008) trong nghidn cffu cua minb da cbi ra rang, PSM de'n tff long nhdn tff va mong mud'n quen minh giiip dd mpi ngffdi, phuc vu ldi icb xd hdi hoac tham gia vao cac dich vu
cdng cd y nghia. Nghien cffu ffng dung ddng Iffc lam vide trong bd'i canh d Vidt Nam da ed cdc nghidn cffu cua Nguydn Ngpc Duy Phffdng vd Tran Dffc Todn da thffc nghiem md hinh PSM eiia Perry vdi 4 nhdm ye'u to' dnh hffdng dd'n ddng Iffc lam vide eiia nhdn vien.
2.4. Mo hinh nghien cdu vd gia thuyet nghien cdu
Qua long quan cd sd ly thuye't vd cdc md hinh nghidn cffu cua mot so tdc gia trong vd ngoai nffdc da neu. Tdc gia van dung md hinh nghidn cffu eiia Perry (1996) ve cdc nhdm ye'u td' anh hffdng de'n ddng Iffc phung sff cdng (PSM) va cac tdc gia trffdc lidn quan de nghien cffu thffc td' vd ddng Iffc lam vide eua cdng chffc tai cac cd quan chuyen mdn thude UBND tinh Binh Phffdc. Md hinb tdc gid de xud't nhff sau: Ddng Iffc lam vide eua cdng chffc cdc cd quan chuyen mdn thude UBND tinh Binh Phffdc = f (Sff hap ddn tham gia khu vffc cong, Sff cam kd't cdc ldi ich cdng, Ldng nhan tff, Sff ghi nban nhffng ddng gdp cua ca nhan, Lffdng va cbd' dp phuc ldi, Cd bdi ddo tao vd thdng tien, Ban cha't cdng viec) ciing vdi ede gia thuye't:
H,: Sff hd'p ddn tham gia khu vffc cdng anh hffdng thuan ebieu de'n ddng Iffc lam viec
H2: Sff cam kd't cdc ldi ich cdng anh hffdng thudn chieu de'n ddng Iffc lam vide.
H3: Ldng nhdn iff dnh hffdng thudn ebieu dd'n ddng Iffc lam viec.
Hj: Sff ghi nbdn nhffng ddng gdp eua cd nhan dnh hffdng thuan ebieu de'n ddng Iffc lam viec.
H5: Lffdng va cbd' dp pbiie Idi anh hffdng thuan chieu dd'n ddng Iffc lam vide.
Hgi Cd bdi dao tao va thang tie'n anh hffdng thudn chieu de'n dpng Iffc lam viec.
H7: Ban chd't cdng viec anh hffdng thudn chieu dd'n ddng Iffc lam vide.
3. PhiTdng phap nghien ctfu
Nghien cffu dffpe siJ dung qua hai phffdng phdp:
nghidn cffu dinh tinh va dinh Iffdng vdi dd'i tffdng la cdng chffc. Nghidn cffu djnb linb dffdc thffc bidn bang ky thuat thao luan nhdm va la'y y kie'n chuyen gia nham muc dich dieu chinb md binb nghien cffu cbo phD hdp vdi thffc lidn. Nghien cffu dinb lffdng dffdc tbffe bidn qua khao sdt trffc tie'p va qua google form tdi cdng chffc eua 20 cd quan chuyen mdn. Ket qud thu ve 315 bang can bdi trong dd cd 4 bang cdu hdi khdng hdp le, cdn lai
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311 bang cdu hoi hdp Id dffdc sff dung.
Ta't ea so' lieu tbu thap dffdc nhap vdo phan mem SPSS de xff ly sd lieu. Trffdc khi tid'n banb phdn tich, tac gia da dd'n hdnh lam sach dff lieu.
Sau dd tid'n hanh phdn deb dff lidu bang edeb sff dung cdc phffdng phdp thd'ng kd md la, pban tich dp tin cdy Cronbachs alpha, phdn tieb nhdn to kham pha EFA, phdn tieb tffdng quan va phan tich hdi quy de kiem dinh eae gid thuyd't. Vdi 37 bie'n quan sat ebo 7 bie'n ddc lap va 1 bie'n pbu thude dffdc xay dffng dffa trdn nguyen tac ke' thffa cac thang do da kiem dinb dd lin cay eua eae nha nghien cffu trffdc trong vd ngodi nffdc dd neu trong tdng quan ly ludn. Thang do Likert 5 mffc dd dffdc sff dung de do Iffdng khoang each.
4. Kd't qua nghidn cffu 4.L Ddc diem mdu nghiin cdu
Ty Id gidi linb trong mau nghien cffu la nff chid'm 53,4% cao hdn ty Id so vdi nam gidi la 6,8%.
Dieu ndy the hien viec nff gidi cd xu hffdng tham gia vao khu vffc nha nffdc nhieu bdn nam gidi. Dp tudi dffdi 35 tudi chid'm 50,8%, dd tudi ttr 35 de'n 45 tudi chid'm 40,2%, cho thd'y dpi ngu cdng chffc hien nay dang d dp tudi ly iffdng, cd sff kd't ndi giffa cdc thd' he trong id chffc. Dieu nay chffng minh cdng tdc nbdn sff dd dffdc quan tdm va ed sff tre bda trong dpi ngu gdp phan tao nen mdt Iffc lffdng lao ddng ed thd cd'ng bid'n lau dai cbo to chffc. Trinh do tff dai hpc chid'm 80,4%, trinh dp sau dai hpc vdi ti Id 16,4%. Ddy la ngudn nhan Iffc ddng deu, cd chd't Iffdng td't, cd trinh do ddp ffng dffdc yeu cau irong tbdi ky mdi cung nhff nhdn thffc kha rd rang ve
cdng vide hien tai cua minh. Vd tbam nien cdng tdc dffdi 10 ndm chid'm 55%, cdng tac tren 10 nam chid'm 43,7%. Tbu nhap dffdi mffc 5 trieu ddng chie'm ty Id 46,9%, thu nhap tff 5-10 tneu ddng chid'm 51,4%. Didu ndy ebffng td mffc Iffdng trong khu vffc nha nffdc d mffc tha'p.
4.2. Kiem dinh dp tin cdy cua thang do Kd't qua cho tha'y he so Cronbachs Alpha tdng cua 8 bid'n deu Idn hdn 0.6 dao dpng ti^ (0.604 - 0.871) vd ed hd so' tffdng quan bid'n tdng Idn bdn 0.3. Sau kbi phan tich dp tin cay cua thang do, lac gid dd loai bd 5 bid'n quan sdl khdng dai yeu can.
Nhff vay cdn lai 32 bie'n quan sat dffdc tie'p tuc su"
dung trong phdn tich EFA Bang I.
4.3. Phdn tich nhdn to khdm phd EFA Sau 3 idn phdn tich EFA loai bd 8 bie'n quan sdt do khdng dat yen cau ve dd tin edy. Kd'l qua kidm dmh thang do cdc bie'n dpc lap Ian cud'i ciing: He sd Sig. = 0.000, KMO = 0.853 (>0.5). Kd'l qua EFA cho tha'y vdi phffdng phap tricb nbdn to Principal Component Analysis, phep xoay Varimax trich dffdc 7 nhdn td vdi 22 bien quan sat vd phffdng sai trich lich Iffy dffdc la 65.238% (>50%), gia tri Eigenvalue tff 1.033 - 6.786 (Eigenvalue >1), cac he sd'tdi nhdn to cua cac bien quan sdt deu Idn hdn 0.5, thang do dat yeu cau.
Kd't qud kiem dinh thang do bid'n pbu thupc nbff sau: He sd Sig. = 0.000, KMO = 0.657(>0.5). Ket qua EFA cho thd'y vdi phffdng pbap tricb nhdn td' Principal Component Analysis, pbep xoay Varimax. nit tricb dffdc mdt nbdn to vdi 3 bid'n quan sdt vd phffdng sai trich tich luy dffdc la 62.507%
Bang 1. He so Cronbach's Alpha Bien quan sat
SU hap dan tham gia khu vuc cong (APP) Su cam ket cac Ipi ich cong (CPI) Long nhan tU (COI^)
Su ghi nhan nhOng dong gop cua ca nhan (REG) Luong va che d6 phuc ipi (LPL)
CP hpi dao tao va thang tien (DTTT) Ban chat cong viec (BCCV) Bong iuc lam viec (EM)
SfTbien quan sat 4 3 5 5 2 6 4 3
Cronbach's atptia 0,749 0 686 0 604 0 871 0.655 0.849 0.833 0.695
H$ so tUdng quan | bien tong nho ntiat
0.499 0.492 0.318 0.602 0.487 0.515 0.599 0.454 Ngudn: Dd lieu phdn tich. 2019
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(>50%); gia tn Eigenvalue la 1.875 (>I), cdc he so' tai nhdn id' cua edc bie'n quan sat deu Idn hdn 0.5, thang do dat yeu cau.
Ke't qua kiem dinh Cronbachs Alpha vd EFA ndu trdn cho tha'y thang do cdc yd'u to' ddc lap va phu thude deu dat yeu cau ve gid tri va dp tin cdy va se dffdc dffa vdo pban lich bdi quy d bffdc tid'p theo.
4.4. Phdn tich hdi quy
Ma Iran tffdng quan cbo thd'y mffc y ngbia cua cac he so rd't nhd ( Sig. = 0 <0.05) nen cdc he sd Iffdng quan cd y ngbia thd'ng kd va deu du didu kien de dffa vao phdn tieb bdi quy.
Vdi kd't qua gia tri thdng kd F = 39.310 vdi gia tri Sig. - 0.000 chffng id md hinh bdi quy phii hdp vdi tap dff lidu. Durbin-Watson la 1.910 <3 khdng ed sff tffdng quan giffa cdc bid'n trong md hinb. He sd' VIF cua cac bid'n deu cd gid tri < 2 ebffng td khdng xay ra hien tffdng da cdng tuyd'n. He sd R2 bieu cbinb 0.464 cho tha'y md hinh giai thich dffdc 46,4% sff thay ddi cua bie'n pbu thupc EM (Ddng Iffc lam vide).
Dd thi phan tdn ngdu nhien xung quanh dffdng di qua tung dp 0 va dao ddng nbieu d bidn dp (-1), (+1). Chffng td rang gia dinh lidn hd tuyd'n tinh khdng bi vi pham.
Bieu dd tan sd' Histogram cho thd'y mdt dffdng cong phdn pbd'i chuan dffdc dat chdng Idn bieu dd tan so', trung binh mean = -4,91*10-16 gan bdng 0 va dp lech chuan Sts.Dev.= 0.999 gan bang I. Do dd ed the kd't luan rang gia thuyd't phan phd'i chuan khdng bi vi pham.
Bieu dd P-P plot cung cho tha'y cdc diem quan sdt khdng phdn tan xa dffdng thang ky vpng ndn cd the ke't luan rang gia thid't phan dff cd phdn phd'i chuan khdng bi vi pbam. Nhffvay md hinh hdi quy tuye'n tinh tren la pbu bpp.
Phffdng trinh hdi quy chffa chuan bda:
EM = 0,758 + 0.385BCCV + 0,145 LPL + 0.074 PPI
Cae be so' bdi quy deu mang ddu (+) the bidn cdc bie'n ddc lap cd quan be thudn chieu vdi bie'n pbu thude. So sanh mffc dp tdc ddng cua 3 bie'n nay vao bie'n phu thupc EM (DOng Iffc Idm vide ciia nhdn vidn) theo thff tff giam dan nhff sau: ta tha'y bid'n Ban chd't cdng vide (p2 = 0.437) ed tdc ddng manh nhd't, tid'p theo Id bie'n Lffdng va che dp phuc ldi (P5 = 0.214). cud'i ciing la bie'n Sff cam
ke't cae Idi ich cdng (P7 = 0.106). Nbff vdy, tff viec phan tich hdi quy, cac gia thuye't HI, H3 H4, H6bi bdc bd vi khdng ed y nghia thd'ng ke. Md hinh hdi quy chuan bda bieu thi cac nhan to anh hffdng d^n ddng Iffc lam viec eua cdng cbffc eae ed quan chuyen mdn thude UBND tinh Binh Phffdc dffdc xdc dinb nbff sau:
EM = 0.437*BCCV + 0.214*LPL + 0.106*PPI 5. Kd't lu§n
Kd'l qua nghidn cffu cbo thd'y cd 3 ye'u to' ed quan he thudn chieu de'n ddng Iffc lam vide ciia cdng cbffc cac cd quan chuydn mdn thude UBND tinh Binb Phffdc vdi cae mffc dp dnh hffdng khac nhau: Ban chd't cdng vide, Lffdng va chd' dp phiic ldi, Sff cam kd't cae Ipi icb cdng. Nghien cffu ndy cung cung cd' thdm ly thuyd't cua Perry (1996) va cdc nghidn cffu trffdc day. Ngoai ra, nghien cffu ddng gdp, bd sung vdo mang de tdi ddng Iffc lam vide trong ede ed quan hanh ehinb nha nffdc. Tff kd't qud trdn, nhdm nghien cffu de xud't mot so ham y quan tri sau:
Ban chd't cdng vide cd anh hffdng rd't Idn ddi vdi ddng Iffc Idm viec cua cdng chffc. Cdng vide phu hdp vdi kha nang, nang Iffc, sd trffdng cua cdng cbffc se thuc day cdng chffc lam viec tich cffc vd dat hidu qua cao. Chinh vi vay, khi giao nhiem vu hoac phdn cdng cdng vide cho cdng chffc, nha quan tri can chu y dd'n ndng Iffc, sd trffdng, ddc diem tinh each eiia cdng cbffc de giao cdng vide.
Ben canh dd, nha quan tri can pbai nang cao tinh cbu ddng cdng viec cho cdng chffc thdng qua viec trao quyen, uy quyen cho cdng cbffc ca'p dffdi thffc hien ede cdng vide ma trffdc day chffa tffng dffdc giao de bp cd the tie'p can cdng viec khd hdn de ho ed the pbdt huy kha nang sang tao, ndng cao tinh than trach nhiem eua minh de ngay cdng hoan thien ban than hdn, ddng thdi cung lam giam dffdc trdch nhiem, dp Iffc cdng viec ebo Lanh dao.
Lffdng va che' dp phuc ldi la yd'u td cd mffc dp anb hffdng thff hai dd'n ddng Iffc lam vide ciia cdng cbffc. Kd't qua nghidn cffu cho thd'y Lffdng va che dd phuc ldi cua cdng chffc tai edc cd quan chuyen mdn thude UBND tinh Binh Phffdc dffdc danh gia Id khd tha'p, De lao ddng Iffc cho cdng chffc, Nha nffdc phdi xay dffng chinh sach den Iffdng khoa hpc, phii hdp vdi tinh hinb, nhu cau phdt trien cua xa bdi. Tien Iffdng cbo cdng cbffc phai thffc sff la ngudn thu nhap chinb dam bao dffdc ddi sd'ng cbo
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ban than cdng cbffc va gia dinh hp. Nhff vay, se tao ra ddng Iffc Idn de hp an tdm, tap trung vao cdng vide cao nhd't, nang cao nang suat lao ddng va hieu qua. Vide tra Iffdng cho cdng chffc gan vdi vi tri viec lam, chffc danh, gan vdi kd't qua tbffe bidn cdng vide. Dieu nay, se tao ra sff cdng bang cho cac cdng chffc vdi nhau, ddng thdi cung Id ed sd de danh gid sff cd'ng hie'n cija tffng cdng cbffc dd'i vdi cd quan, td cbffc. Bdn canh viec thffc hien cbinb sdch cai cdch tien Iffdng eae nha quan tri can thffc hidn ddng tbdi sap xe'p Iai bd may tinh gpn, thffc hidn tinh gian bien ehd' dd'i vdi nhffng cdng chffc khdng dffpe vide, thay vdo dd Id nhffng cdng chffc cd du nang Iffc, du trinb dp vao trong bd may banb cbinb nha nffdc, nbff vdy tbffe sff se khdng gdy lang phi ngdn sdch nha nffdc. Ngoai ra, de tao ddng Iffc cho cdng cbffc, ngoai duy tri cac phiic ldi cd ban tbi cdc ed quan cdn da dang thdm cac loai hinh phuc ldi khac cho cdng chffc de tff dd bp sd gan bd vd cd'ng bie'n bd't minh dd'i vdi ed quan, to chffc.
Sff cam kd't eae ldi icb cdng cd gid tn trung binh (mean = 4.183) xe'p cud'i cung mffc do tde ddng de'n ddng Iffc Idm vide eua cdng chffc cdc cd quan chuyen mdn thude UBND tinh Binh Phffdc. Cbo tba'y Sff cam kd't cac ldi ich cdng cung dffpc coi la mdt yd'u to' quan trpng de giff chan cdc cdng chffc cd nang Iffc, trinh dd dd'i vdi td cbffc. Vi vay, tang cffdng sff cam kd't cac Idi ich cdng dd'i vdi cdng
chffc Id muc tidu dffdc nbieu nha quan ly quan tam vi sff phdt tridn dai han va dn dinh cua ed quan, ddn VI. Cdng chffc cung can dem dd'n cho ngffdi dan nhffng dich vu cdng td't nha't, sdn sdng lam nhffng dieu td't nha't ebo ca cdng ddng. Cai thien yd'u Id' sff cam ket cac ldi ich cdng se thuc ddy ddng Iffc Idm viec cua cdng chffc cac cd quan chuydn mdn thude UBND tinh Binh Phffdc.
6. Han chd' cua nghien cu'u
Nghidn cffu sff dung cac md hinb lap lai cua cac nhd nghien cffu trffdc. Ngoai ra, nhdm tde gia chffa nghidn cffu ve cdc yd'u td' anb hffdng khac dd'n ddng Iffe 1dm vide nhff: Mdi trffdng lam vide, md'i quan he ddng nghidp, nhdn id' thude ve ca nbdn, nhdn td' xa bpi eua ban than cdng cbffc nbff gia dinh, dieu kien sinh boat... Dieu nay lam cho cac nhdn id' kham pha trong de tai cbffa tac dpng hodn todn dd'n vide tao ddng Iffc lam viec cho cdng chffc cac cd quan chuyen mdn lai linb Binh Phffdc. Cdc nhan td' trong md hinh nghidn cffu cbffa gidi tbicb dffpe hd'l sff lac dong de'n nhdn td' phu Ihudc cua md hinb. Vi vdy, hffdng nghidn cffu tid'p theo can tim kie'm, tie'p can md hinh va thang do cd lien quan, dd ed ddnh gid tdng quat va dffa ra md hinb, thang do nghidn cffu pbu hdp; ddng thdi can md rdng pbam vi nghidn cffu them cac nhdn to thupc vd nbdm yd'u td' tdm ly va ydu td' xa bdi cua ban thdn cdng cbffc anh hffdng dd'n ddng Iffc lam vide eua ho •
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:
/. Buelens. M, & Van den Broeek. H (2007) An analysis of differences in work motivation between public and private sector organizations Public Administration Review, 67. 65-74.
2. Kim. S. (2012). Investigating the structure and meaning of public service motivation across population:
Developing an International Instrument and Addressing issue of Measurement Invariance. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 23,79-102.
3. Koontz. T., Sleelman. J., Carmin, K.S, Korfmacher, C. & Thomas C. (2004). Collaborative Environmental Management: What Roles for Government "> Washington. DC: Resources for the Future Press
4. Kovach, K. A. (1987), What motivates employees? Workers and supervisors give different answers. Business Horizons. 30,58-65.
5. Nguyin Ngoc Duy Phuong vd Trdn DUc Todn (2017). tJng dung md hinh PSM do tudng cdc veu to dnh hudng den dong lUc lam viec khu vUc cdng. Tap chi Cong Thuong. 13(12), 103-109
6. Perry J.L. (1996). Measuring Public Service Motivation: An Assement of Construct Reliability and Validity, Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 6. 5-22
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(>50%); gia tti Eigenvalue la 1.875 (>1), cac he so tai nhan id cua cac bie'n quan sdt ddu Idn hdn 0.5, thang do dat ydu cau.
Kd't qud kiem dinh Cronbachs Alpha va EFA neu trdn cbo tha'y thang do eae yd'u td'ddc lap va pbu thude deu dat yeu cau ve gid trj vd dp tin cdy vd se dffdc dffa vao phan tich hdi quy d bffdc tid'p tbeo.
4.4. Phan tich hoi quy
Ma trdn tffdng quan cho tha'y mffc y nghTa eua cdc he sd ra't nhd ( Sig. = 0 <0.05) ndn cac he so Iffdng quan ed y ngbia thd'ng kd vd deu dii dieu kien de dffa vao pban tich hdi quy.
Vdi kd't qua gia tri thd'ng kd F = 39.310 vdi gia tri Sig. = 0.000 chffng td md hinb hdi quy phu hpp vdi tap dff lieu. Durbin-Watson la 1.910 <3 kbdng ed sff tffdng quan giffa cdc bid'n trong md binb. He so' VIF cua cdc bie'n deu cd gid tri < 2 ebffng td khdng xay ra hidn tffdng da cdng tuyd'n. He sd R2 hieu chinh 0.464 cho thd'y md hinh gidi thich dffdc 46,4% sff thay doi cua bid'n phu thude EM (Ddng Iffc 1dm vide).
Do thi phdn tan ngdu nhien xung quanh dffdng di qua lung dp 0 va dao dpng nhieu d bidn dd (-1), (-1-1). Chffng td rdng gia dinh lien he tuye'n tinh kbdng bi vi pbam.
Bieu dd tdn sd Histogram cbo tha'y mdt dffdng cong phan phd'i chuan dffdc dat chdng len bieu dd tdn sd', trung binh mean = -4,91*10-16 gan bang 0 va dp lech chuan Sts.Dev.= 0.999 gan bang 1. Do dd ed the ke't ludn rang gia thuyd't phdn phdi chuan khdng bi vi pham.
Bieu dd P-P plot cung cho thd'y cdc diem quan sat khdng phdn tdn xa dffdng thang ky vpng nen cd the kd'l ludn rang gia thid't phdn dff cd pban pbd'i chuan khdng bi vi pham. Nhffvay md hinh hdi quy tuyd'n tinh trdn la pbu bdp,
Phffdng ttinh bdi quy cbffa ebuan hda:
EM = 0,758 + 0.385BCCV + 0,145 LPL + 0.074 PPI
Cac he sd' hdi quy deu mang da'u {+) the hidn edc bid'n ddc lap cd quan hd thuan ebieu vdi bie'n pbu thude. So sanh mffc dd tac ddng eua 3 bid'n nay vao bid'n pbu thupc EM (Ddng life lam viec cua nhan vien) tbeo thff tff giam dan nbff sau: ta thd'y bie'n Ban cha't cong vide (p2 = 0.437) cd tdc dpng manh nha't, tie'p tbeo la bid'n Lffdng vd cbe dp phuc ldi (P5 = 0.214), cud'i ciing la bie'n Sff cam
ke't cae Idi ich cdng (p7 = 0.106). Nhff vay, tff vide phan tieb bdi quy, cac gid thuye't HI, H3 H4, H6 bi bac bd vi khdng cd y ngbia thd'ng ke. Md binh hdi quy ebuan hda bieu tbi cdc nban id anb hffdng den dpng Iffc 1dm viec cua cdng cbffc cac cd quan chuyen mdn thude UBND tinh Binh Phffdc dffdc xdc dinh nhff sau:
EM = 0.437*BCCV + 0.214*LPL + 0.106*PPI 5. Kd't luan
Kd't qua nghidn cffu cho tha'y ed 3 yeu to' c6 quan be thuan chieu de'n ddng Iffc lam viec cua cdng chffc cae cd quan chuyen mdn thupc UBND tinh Binh Phffdc vdi eae mffc dp anb hffdng khac nhau: Ban chd't cdng viec, Lffdng va che' dp phiic ldi, Sff cam ke't cdc ldi ich cdng. Nghien cffu ndy cung Cling ed' thdm ly ihuye't cua Perry (1996) va cae nghidn cffu trffdc day. Ngoai ra, nghidn cffu ddng gdp, bd sung vdo mang de lai ddng Iffc Idm vide trong cae ed quan hanh chinh nhd nffdc. Tft ke't qua tren, nhdm nghien cffu de xud't mdt so ham y quan tri sau:
Ban cha't cdng viec cd anh hffdng rat Idn ddi vdi dpng Iffc Idm vide cua cdng chffc. Cdng vide phu hop vdi kha nang, nang Iffc, sd trffdng eiia cdng chffc se thuc dd'y cdng chffc lam vide tich cffc va dat hidu qua cao. Chinh vi vdy, khi giao nhidm vu hoac phdn cdng cdng vide ebo cdng chffc, nha quan tn can chu y dd'n nang Iffc, sd trffdng, dac diem tinh cdch eua cdng cbffc de giao cdng vide.
Ben canh do, nha quan in can phdi ndng cao linh chu ddng cdng vide cho cdng cbffc thdng qua viec trao quyen, uy quyen cho cdng chffc cd'p dffdi thffc hien cac cdng vide ma trffdc day chffa tffng dffdc giao dd hp cd the tie'p can cdng viec khd hdn de hp ed the phat buy khd nang sdng tao, ndng cao tinh than trach nhidm cua minb de ngdy cdng hoan thien ban thdn bdn, ddng thdi cung lam giam dffdc trach nhidm. dp Iffc cdng viec ebo Lanh dao.
LffPng va che' dp phiic ldi Id yd'u td co mffc do dnh hffdng tbu" hai dd'n ddng lue lam vide cua cdng cbffc. Ke't qua nghien cffu cbo tba'y Lffdng va ebe dp phuc ldi cua cdng chffc tai edc ed quan chuydn mdn ibudc UBND tinh Binh Phffdc dffdc danh gia la kha tbd'p. De lao ddng Iffc cho cdng chffc, Nha nffdc phai xay dffng chinh sdch tidn Iffdng khoa hpc, phu hdp vdi tinh hinh, nhu can phat trien cua xa hdi Tien Iffdng cbo cdng chffc phai thffc sff la ngudn thu nhap chinh dam bao dffdc ddi sd'ng cbo
96 So 3-Thang 3/2019
qUAN TRI-QUAN LY
ban than cdng chffc va gia dinb ho. Nhff vay, se tao ra ddng Iffc Idn de ho an tam, tap trung vao cdng viec cao nhd't, ndng cao ndng sud't lao ddng vd hidu qua. Vide tra Iffdng cbo cdng chffc gan vdi vi tri viec lam, chffc danh, gdn vdi kd't qud tbffe hidn cdng vide. Dieu nay, se lao ra sff cdng bang ebo cac cdng chffc vdi nhau, ddng thdi cung la cd sd de ddnh gia sff cd'ng bid'n cua tffng cdng chffc ddi vdi cd quan, td chffc. Bencanh viec thffc hien chinh sach cai each lidn Iffdng cdc nha quan tri can thffc hien ddng thdi sdp xe'p Iai bd may tinh gpn, tbffe bidn tinh gian bidn cbd' dd'i vdi nhffng cdng chffc khdng dffdc viec, thay vdo dd la nhffng cdng cbffc CO du nang Iffc, du trinb dd vdo trong bd may hanh chinh nbd nffdc, nhff vay thffc sff se kbdng gay lang phi ngan sach nha nffdc. Ngoai ra, de tao ddng Iffc cho cdng cbffc, ngoai duy tri eae phuc ldi cd ban tbi cac cd quan can da dang them cdc loai hinb phuc Idi khac cho cdng chffc de tff dd bp se gan bd vd cd'ng hie'n he't minh dd'i vdi cd quan, id cbffc.
Sff cam kd't cae ldi ich cdng ed gid tri trung binh (mean = 4.183) xe'p cud'i ciing mffc dp tdc ddng dd'n ddng Iffe lam vide cua cdng cbffc cac cd quan chuyen mdn thupc UBND tinh Binb Phffdc. Cbo tba'y Sff cam kd't cdc Ipi ich cdng ciing dffdc coi Id mdt yd'u to quan trpng de giff ehdn eae cdng chffc cd nang Iffc, trinh dp dd'i vdi td chffc. Vi vdy, tang cffdng sff cam kd'l eae ldi ich cdng dd'i vdi cdng
chffc la mue tidu dffpc nhieu nha qudn ly quan tdm vi sff phat trien ddi ban va dn dinh cua cd quan, ddn vi. Cdng chffc ciing can dem de'n cbo ngffdi dan nhffng dich vu cdng td't nhd't, san sang Idm nhffng dieu td't nhd't cho cd cdng ddng. Cdi thien yd'u to sff cam kd't cae ldi icb cdng se thue day ddng Iffe lam viec cua cdng chffc cdc cd quan chuydn mdn thupc UBND tinh Binh Phffdc.
6. Han che cua nghidn cu'u
Nghien cffu sff dung eae md hinh lap Iai eua cac nbd nghidn cffu trffdc. Ngodi ra, nbdm tdc gia chffa nghidn cffu ve eae yd'u id' anb hffdng khac ddn ddng Iffc lam vide nhff: Mdi trffdng lam viec, md'i quan he ddng nghidp, nhdn Id' thupc ve ea nhdn, nbdn td xa hdi eua ban thdn cdng chffc nhff gia dinb, dieu kien sinh boat... Dieu ndy lam ebo cdc nbdn to' khdm pha trong de lai cbffa tdc ddng hoan loan de'n viec tao ddng Iffe 1dm vide cho cdng chffc cac cd quan chuyen mdn tai tinh Binh Phffdc. Cic nbdn id' trong md hinh nghien cdu chffa giai thich dffdc hd'l sff tdc ddng dd'n nban td pbu thude eua md hinb. Vi vdy, hffdng ngbidn cffu tiep theo can tim kid'm, tid'p can md binh va thang do cd ben quan, de cd danh gid tdng qudt va dffa ra md hinb, thang do nghidn cffu phu hdp; ddng thdi can md rdng pbam vi ngbidn cffu them cac nban td thupc ve nhdm ye'u to tdm ly vd yd'u td' xa bdi eua ban than cdng cbffc anb hffdng de'n ddng Iffc 1dm vide cua hp •
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:
I. Buelens, M, & Van den Broeek. H (2007). An analysis of differences in work motivation between public and private sector organizations. Public Administration Review, 67, 65-74.
2 Kim, S. (2012), Investigating the structure and meaning of public service motivation across population:
Developing an International Instrument and Addressing issue of Measurement Invariance. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 23,79-102.
3. Koontz. T.. Steelman. J.. Carmin. K S.. Korfmacher, C, & Thomas C (2004). Collaborative Environmental Management: What Roles for Government"^ Washington, DC: Resources for the Future Press
4 Kovach. K. A. (1987), What motivates employees'^ Workers and supervisors give different answers. Business Horizons. 30, 58-65.
5. Nguyen Ngoc Duy Phuong vd Tran DUc Todn (2017) ifng dung mo hinh PSM do lUdng cdc yi'u td'dnh hudng din ddng lUc lam viec khu vUc cdng. Tap chi Cdng Thuong. 13(12), 103-109
6. Perry J.L (1996). Measuring Public Service Motivation: An Assement of Construct Reliability and Validity.
Journal of Public Administration Research andTheory, 6, 5-22
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TAP GHJ CONG THtflfNfi
7. Wong, S., Siu, V. & Tsang. N. (1999). The impact of demographic factors on Hong Kong hotel employees choice of job-related motivators. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, II, 230-241.
8. Wright. B. E. & Sanjay. K. P. (2008). Public service and motivation and the assumption of person- organization fit:
Testing the mediating the effet of value congnience. Admiimtration Society, 40. 502-21.
Ngay nhan bai: 5/2/2019
Ngay phan bidn danh gia va su'a ch^a: 15/2/2019 Ngay chdi'p nh^n dang bai: 25/2/2019
Thong tin tdc gid:
1. TS. NGUYEN NGOC DUY P H U O N G
Khoa Quan tri Kinh doanh - Trffdng Dai hoc Quoc te', Dai hoc Quo'c gia Thanh phd'Ho Chf Minh 2.DA0THUHIJ0NG
Scf N6i vu tinh Buih PhiTfic
MEASURING THE WORK MOTIVATION OF CIVIL SERVANTS WORKING FOR SPECIALIZED AGENCIES UNDER THE
PEOPLE'S COMMITTEE OF BINH PHUOC PROVINCE
• DR, NGUYEN NGOC DUY PHUONG Faculty of Business Administration
International University, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City
• DAO THU HUONG
Department of Home Affairs, Binh Phuoc Province
ABSTRACT:
This study was earned out to assess factors affecdng the motivation of civil servants of specialized agencies under the People's Committee of Binb Phuoc Province by surveying 311 civil servants. The qualitative method which was used in this study was adjusted by implementing group discussion techniques and survey of expert opinions, Meanwhile, the quantitative method of this study was implemented with Cronbach's Alpha, Exploratory Factor Analysis and multi regression analysis. The study identified three factors that directly affect the work motivation, arranged in descending order, namely nature of work, salary and welfare regime, and commitments related to public benefits. Based on results, the study proposed some poHcy implications for administrators to improve the work motivation of civil servants working for specialized agencies under the People's Committee of Binh Phuoc Province.
Keywords: Employees motivation, PSM, civil servant, People's Committeeof Binh Phuoc Province.
So 3 - T h a n g 3/2019
