DA H p C CONG NGHI= blNM MUU (UAN UUOU :^Oia
N G H I E N CCfU H A M LU-OfNG VA XCf L V AFLATOXIN TRONG N O N G S A N THU'C P H A M B A N G PHUONG PHAP V^T LY VA H 6 A HOC
Nguy&n Thj Hdi^', Vu Thj A n h \ Nguyln Thj Duyen\ Ddo Thuy Duong' ' Viin Khoa hgc svs^g - O?' hoc Thii Nguyin
^ Dg; hpc IQioa hpc Thil Nguyin
T 6 M TAT
Khao s^ thi^ t i ^ g nhiem aflatoxin trong mot s6 lo^i noog san, phu p h ^ che bien cho thiy: cd 34/38 mau nhi€m aflatoxin B|
( c h i ^ 89,47%), cd 24/38 mlu nhilm aflatoxin B^ ( c h i ^ 63,16%), cd 12/38 mlu nhiem aflatoxin Bi (chilm 31,58%) va khong cd mlu nhilm aflatoxin G2. Trong dd, mlu ngo chiim ty 1^ 21,05%, mau lac chiem 21,05%, kho do chiim 26,32% va cam g^o chilra 21,05% t ^ sd mSu. Trong 34 mlu uhiSm aftatoxin B| dii c6 20 mau vugt quA ti€u chuin cho ph£p cua Dp Y ti tu 1,23 • 21,40 lan, c h i ^ ty le 58,82%, co 8/24 n ^ nhilm aflatoxin B^ vugt qua tieu chuin cho phq> tii 1,15 - 1,70 lln, chiem ty If 33,33%. Xir ly h ^ lugng ^ t o x i n blbig phuong phap v|t 1^ vk hoa hpc deu dat faifu qua cao; Phuang p h ^ hoi hgc (acid citric) cao hon phuong phap vjit IJ- (siy o leCC) 6,78% vi lAm giim ham lugng aflatoxin Bi 95,15%, aflatoxin B2 95,31%; aflatoxin d 96,12%. X i ly bing phuong p h ^ v|t ly lim giim ham lugng aflatoxin Bi 92,02%; aflatoxin B; 81,89%; aflatoxm G| 92,31%.
7v AAcMz - Aflatoxin, cim gao, kho dS tuong, lac, ngfi, phuong pti^ hoi hoc, phucmg phip v|it ly.
MdoAu
Uiritc ta la ngirc nhi^t dO'i co khi h$u ndng Sm, t^o dieu ld$n thuin Igri CIK) nam m6c phdt triln. Do Ceic hogt dOng manh mS ciia vi sinh v^t co hgi da gSy ton thSt lo>n cho ndng san d giai dogn sau thu hogch, trong do ton thlit gSy n§n do nam m6c chiern m$t phSn ddng ke. Ngodi vifc giy tdn that v l s6 lu-ang, chit lu'O'ng cho cdc nOng san, nim moc c6n sinh ra cdc dOc t6 dgc blft nguy hilm v&i sire khoS con ngirai vd vgt nudi. Aflah3>dn Id logi dpc t l gSy gidm ty Ig nudi sdng vd sinh tnrdng cOa vgt null, biln dang bg xiFang, gidm chit lu'cmg th'it, dnh hu'dng din gan, mat, thdn, ding ihiri dgc ^ ndy c6n ton dir nhieu d gan, tnJng, sija gdy hgi cho si>c khoe ciJa ngu'di tidu dung, ddc bigt la gdy ung thu* cho con ngudii. DSc t l aflatoxin gim cac logi aflatoxin Bi, Bz, Mi, Mz, Gi, Gz difQ'c tgo ra tir cdc lodi nam moc thu$c gilng Aspergillus. Aflatoxin xuit hi$n bong nong san tivdc vi trong thoi gian thu hogch, nhu'ng cOng bj nhilm hong ttidi gian bdo qudn nlu nhu* bao qudn l^ong dtjng ky ttiu$t. Ket qud kiem bra cOa hang Biomin (2005) cho thiy sg c6 mgt vd nong d | cQa aflatoxin d Vigt Nam vd Philippin Id khd cao, h> 65 - 69%, d|c bift mOt mlu ngi ciia Vi$t Nam c6 ning 30 cao nhlt Id 347pg/kg. Vin d l khi> nhiem aflatoxin h^sng ndng sdn va phg phim chl bien hi$n nay ngdy cdng dirg'c quan tim nhilu. Mdt nghidn CLFU gin ddy cua Menbez Atbores va ding tdc gld (2009) chl ra rang dung dich acid acitric cd Idc dgng khi> aflatoxin taxing thi>c dn bj nhilm dOc to ndy. Higu qud khi> af)ato)dn trong thiJc dn cho gd tiang acid citric Idn tdi ^ % (SalgadoTransitoefa/., 2011). Strong nifdc,E)du NggcHdo(1995)dathi>nghigm khd ndng khi>d$ctl aflahsxin bina chl phim Mycofix plus trdn gd con 1 ngdy tuli vd ga dd tn>ng vd cho kit qud khd quan. Hifn nay vi#c nghidn ci>u de ndng cao chat lu'O'ng cdc logi ndng sdn vd phg phim c h l biln frong thiJc an chdn nudi Id m$t van de dirg'c cdc nhd khoa hgc ddc bigt quan tdm.
VAT LIEU VA PHlfONG P H A P NGHI&N CCW V|t ligu
Vdt li|u nghien ci>u: Mgt s l ndng sdn ttii/c phim vd phu phim chl bien nhir: Ngd, Igc, khd d6, cam ggo...
Phirong phdp xir I)? aflatoxin: Phirang phdp sly khd va hda hgc dung acid citric Dia dilm nghidn cO'U:
o Dja dilm lly mlu: M$t s l huyf n, thdnh phi thugc b'nh Thdi Nguygn
o Dja dilm hiln khai vd phdn tich: Phdng Phdn tfch hda hgc - Vign Khoa hgc si,r sing - Dgi hgc That Nguydn.
TTidi gian nghidn ci^u: Tir thdng 6/2012 din thang 12/2012 N$l dung nghidn cini
Khdo sdt thy'c trgng nhilm aflatoxin trong mdt s l logi ndng sdn, phy phim che biln.
Diing hai phux^ng phdp vdt ly vd hda hgc de xCr i)/ ham luvng aflatoxin trong mlu ndng sdn, phg phim c h l Phdn tfch Igi nhu'ng mau ndng san, phg pham che bien da duvc xir 1;^ de ddnh gid hidu qua xir ly dgc td cua hai phuxyng phdp trdn.
So sdnh higu qud cua hai phuo-ng phap vgt ly vd hda hgc trong vifc xi> ly hdm lu'O'ng aflatoxin trong ndng san vd phg pham chl bien.
Phu-crng phdp nghien ci>u
Phirang phdp lly mau, xil i^ vd phdn tich aflatoxin: Lly mlu theo TCVN 4325-2007 (ISO 6497 - 2002). l l y mau ban diu nglu nhidn d nai chira, sau dd, gdp va tr^n deu t i t cd cdc mlu ban dau lgi thdnh mlu chung cho san phim. Mau Chung diroc cho vdo tui nilon d l khdng ldm anh hifdng tdi chit iirgng mdu. TCr mdu chung chia Idm 3 phan. Mdt phin dggc xii ly miu theo TCVN 6952: 2001 (ISO 6498: 2002) de phdn tfch ham lu'gng aflatoxin vd hdm luvng vdt chat khd ngay. Hai phin cdn lai tiln hdnh xir ly bang hai phu'ang phdp khdc nhau. Phdn tich hdm lirgfng aflatoxin hong mdt s l ndng sdn vd phg phim chl bien du'ac lien hdnh theo TCVN 7596 - 2007 (ISO 16050 - 2O03) trdn mdy sic k^ ldng higu
HOI NGHI KHOA HpC CONG NGHE SINH HQC
1
n a n g c a o H P L C 1 2 0 0 .
P h i r a n g p h a p xCr IJ h a m l u a n g a f l a t o x i n h o n g m g t s o logi n d n g sdn
P h i r o n g phdp v d t ly^ (xfr ly b a n g nhiet d o c a o ) : D u n g to s l y a l s l y cdc nguydn l i f u n h U m aflatoxin 6 n h i f t d f 160°C b ^ n g t h d i gian 3 0 f ^ i i t t(nh Kr k h i t u s a y d g t 160 C, lay m l u d l n g u f i d e m p h d n Uch Igi.
P h i r a n g p h d p h d a h p c (sir d g n g acid cihic): DOng a d d citric k h a n , h ^ O l u a d d d h i c v d i m l u ttieo t J I f 1/20 b i n g m d y trdn trong v d n g 15 phOL S a u d d b a o q u a n t r o n g HJi nilon d 4 ° C trong v d n g 7 2 h . O e m s l y d 4 0 * 0 ( 4 8 h ) v d phdn t f c h lgi d l xdc djnh h a m l u v n g a f l a t o w n .
K t T Q U A V A T H A O L U A N
K i t q u d p h a n t i c h h a m l i f g ' n g a f l a t o x i n t r o n g m o t s o l o g i n d n g s d n Bdng 1 . Hdm h i v n g aflatoxin t r o n g n g d
Stt Ten mSu B j a d i l m l l y o a n h gid c a m quan mau "
THu diuan triio phep
VCK"
(%)
Hdm l u v n g aflatoxin (ppb)
B| B I G i G l
5 IS IS IS LVN4 (mdi thu hogch) Phil Binh Mdu vang, khong mAc 87,55
LVN4 (sau 3 thdng) Phu Binh Mdu vdng, m6c d mgt s l hgt 85,54 NK4300 (sau 3 thdng) Dinh Hoa Mdu vdng, m 6 c d m O t s I h g t 86.78 LVN61 (mdi thu hoach) Phu Loang Mau vdng, khong m i c 88.73 LVN61 (sau 3.5 t h ^ g ) TP Thdi Nguydn Mau vang. m6c d mftt s l hgt 85,91 LNV10 (mdi thu hogch) TPThdiNguy§n Mau vdng. khdng m i c 87,87 LVN10 (sau 3 thdng) TP Thdi Nguyin Mau vang, mdc d mdt s l hgt 84,93 Q6 (mdi thu hogch) Phd Blnh Mdu vdng, khOng mdc 87.62 CP-DK 999 (sau 2 thdng) Phfi Y§n Mdu vdng, m i c d mgt s l hat 85.83 CP-DK 888 (sau 4 thang) P h i Ydn Mdu vdng, m i c d m$t so h^t 84,82
2,13 99,07 89.18 0 102.65
1,52 89,73 0 74,13 101,63
0 17.25 6,29 0 19,03
0 17,52
0 9,05 17,47
0 1,31 4,43 0 8,83
0 2,41
0 3.56 6,64
• V C K . Vdt c h i t khd
K i t q u d bdng 1 c h o t h i y , cdc m l u n g d khdc nhau c d h a m l i ^ n g d f c l l aflatoxin k h d c n h a u . C d 8/10 m l u p h d n tfch phdt h i f n d f c t l aflahsxin B i t i r 1,52 - 1 0 2 . 6 5 p p b , c h i l m t y I f 8 0 % ; 6/10 m l u p h d n t f c h n h i e m aflatoxin Bz ti> 6,29 - 1 9 , 0 3 PF^
v d G i t d 1,31 - 8,83 p p b . c h i l m t^ I f 6 0 % ; l ^ d n g c d m i u n d o nhiem aflatoxin Gs. Khi s o s d n h h d m l u v n g aflatoxin b^ng cdc m l u p h d n tfch v d i t i f u c h u i n c h o phdp cua B f Y t i (2007) U^l c 6 6/8 m l u n h i l m aflatoxin B i v m ^ t q u d t i f u c h u i n c h o p h d p t d 14,83 d e n 20,53 l l n , c h i e m ty Ig 7 5 % ; c d 4/6 m l u n h i l m aflatoxin Bz v i r g t q u d t i f u c h u i n c h o p h d p ti> 1,15 d i n 1,27 l l n , c h i l m t y I f 6 6 , 6 7 % . N h i r vdy, t J I f b j n h i e m aflatoxin d cdc m l u n g d Id t u w n g d l i c a o , d | c b i f t Id hdm l i r v n g aflatoxin B i v d Bz. Sg- n h i l m aflatoxin phg t h u f c v d o n h i l u y l u t l n h i r d f I m cOa h g t , p h u a n g t h d c t h u h o g c h vd t h d i gian bdo q u d n . V I v f y . khi s d d g n g n g d Idm t h i r c a n c h o v f t nudi c i n x d c d j n h h d m l u v n g aflatoxin d l h g n c h l nhOng tdc hgi cOa n d gdy ra.
Bdng 2. H i m l i f ^ g aflatoxin trong t^c
STT T6n m i u Dja d i l m lay m i u
Tiiu chuin cho ph6p
Danh gia cam quan VCK
(%)
Hdm l i r g n g aflatoxin (ppb) Bt B l Gi G2
5 IS IS IS Lgc lai trdng
Lgc Igi t r i n g (sau 5 thdng) Lgc la (mdi thu hogch) Lgc 06 (sau 4 thdng) Lgcdd Lgc dd (mdi thu hogch) Lgc t r i n g ta (sau 2 thdng) Lgc trdng ta (sau 5 thdng) Lgc lai (sau 3 thang) Lgc lai (sau 5 ttidng)
P h l Y d n Phil Binh PhO Luong P h u l j j x m g TP Thai Nguyen Phd Blnh Phij Blnh TP Thdi Nguyen Vo Nhai Vo Nhai
M i u h6ng trang, m^t s l hat moc d phoi m i m Mdu hong t r i n g , mgt s l hgt m6c d vo, phoi m i m M i u dd hSng. khong c6 hgt moc
Mau do nau, khong cd hgt moc
Mdu dd ndu, m$l so hgt m i c d phdi m i m Mau dd, ktidng cd hgt moc' Mdu hong trang. khdng CO hgt m i c Mau hdng trang M i u hdng trang, mdt s l hgt mdc d vd Mdu hdng trang. m^t sd hgt mdc d vd. phdi m i m
86,78 85.82 88.89 86.03 88,34 90.64 87.65 86,09 87.94 85.87
96,47 100,45 0 106.19
3.02 0 70,65 104,62 3,69 107.02
6,69 12.12 0 22.16 25.53 0 13.65 10.68 17,89 24,53
Q u a B i n g 2 cho Uiay, C4c m i u lac k h a c n h a u c 6 hSm l i / f m g aflatoxin khSc n h a u . C 6 8/10 m i u l»n „ h « „ u.^ „ h i » aflatoxin B , t i r 3.02 - 1 0 7 . 0 2 p p b . c h i 4 m t y 1? 8 0 % . 8/10 m i u aflatoxin B^ v « h a m l u y n g t i r 6 8 9 2 5 5-! n h S . ? S 8 0 % v a kh6ng c 6 m a u n a o n h i l m G , v a G : . Khi s o s a n h h a m liromg aflatoxin t r o n g m i u lao v l j l t i a „ rhuSV, il ? ? * • ' BO Y tS (2007) f h l c 6 6/8 m a u lac n h i l m aflatoxin B , v i f l r t T i o u c h u a n c h o p h i p tCr 14.13 a 4 n 2 1 4 0 l^n T h ? " E , T , ^ J v a C6 4/8 m l u n h i l m anatoxin B j v m X TlSu chuSn c h o p h i p tCr 1,19 - 1 . 7 0 l i n . c h i l m t } 1^ 5 0 % ' ^ ' ' ' ' *
JA. H t J U C O N G N U H b b I N M M U L i I U A N U U U U Z U 1 3
Bdng 3. Ham I v Q ^ g aflatoxin t r o n g k h d do t u v n g
STT T i n m i u Bja d i l m l l y m i u Ddnh gia cdm quan Tiiu chuin cho phip
VCK
(%)
Ham lir^fng aflatoxin (ppb) B l B l G, G l
5 IS IS IS Khd d i l P h l Y d n Mdu ndu vdng
Khd d l II P h i Ydn Mdu vdng, hoi moc Khe dS 111 Song Cdng Mdu ndu vang Khd d l IV Mau liru tgi VIOHSS Mdu ndu vang. hoi mdc Khd d l V M l u liru tgi VIWSS Mdu ndu v ^ . hcri mdc Khd dfi VI Dgi Ti> Mdu ndu vang. hen m i c Khd dS VII Bgi TCr Mdu ndu vang Khd dfi VIM Phd Blnh Mdu ndu vang Khd dfi IX Bdng H$ Mdu nau vang. hcri m&c Khd dd X €ldng H^ Mdu ndu vang. hen mdc
90.02 89,16 90,75 8S.93 88,09 89,73 90,54 90.72 88.64 89.03
3,47 68,85 4,15 2,76 102.34
95.74 3,64 2,32 101,53
4,78 0 12.92
0 11.06
5,64 8,58 0 0 11,39
9.63 0 2,12
0 2.56 2,09 1,84 0 0 2,68 2,04 Qua B a n g 3 c h o t h i y , c d 10/10 mSu khd d o p h d n tich n h i i m aflatoxin B i v d i hdm l i n i n g h> 2,32 - 1 0 2 , 3 4 p p b , c h i e m t J 1^
100%: 6/19 m a u nhiSm aflatoxin 82 v d i h d m l u v n g tir 5,64 - 12,92 ppb, chiem ty 1^ 6 0 % ; 6/10 mSu n h i l m aflatoxin G i v d i hdm lu'p'ng t o 2,09 - 2,56 p p b , chiem t f l§ 6 0 % ; khdng co m i u ndo n h i l m G2. Trong 10 mSu nhiSm B i , c d 4/10 m l u v u v t T i d u c h u a n cCia B d Y t e (2007) tCr 13,77 d4n 20,47 l a n , c h i l m t J Id 4 0 % ; vnirc dO n h i l m Bz vd G i d e u d u d i mi>c c h o p h d p . Khi k i e m tra bang c a m q u a n c h o t h a y . NhOng m a u nhiem aflato»'n mOc dQ c a o ddu c d thS q u a n s d t dirgrc b i n g m i t q u a m d u sSc khdc Oitrcrng khi d t r a n g thdi mdc va ddy i d m ^ t v i n d l l d n d o i v d i nhOng cdng ty san lOJat thOc d n c h d n n u d i , d n t h i y rd d l han c h l tdc hgi c i i a aflatoxin g d y ra v d i vdt nudi v d con ngir£H.
H d m l u v n g aflatoxin b-ong c a m g g o dugrc t h i h i ^ n d Bang 4 . Q u a Bdng 4 c h o t h i y c d 8/8 m l u phdn tfch nhidm aflatoxin B l t o 4 , 2 ' ; -102,20 ppb, c h i l m t f 1$ 1 0 0 % ; cd 4/8 m i u n h i l m aflatoxin B2 tO 7,12 - 1 2 , 5 6 ppb, c h i l m 5 0 % . Khi so s d n h k i t q u a phan tich v d i tieu c h u i n c h o phep cOa B d Y t l (2007) c d 4/8 m a u n h i l m vggt tir 1,23 d i n 20.44 l l n , c h i l m ty Id 5 0 % c d c m l u n h i l m v d mOc d $ n h i l m aflatoxin Bz d i u d i r d i beu c h u i n cho p h d p c u a B g Y t l .
Bdng 4. Hdm Itrp'ng aflatoxin trong cdm ggo
STT Ten mSu Dja dl4m Idy m i u Odnh gld cdm quan VCK
(%)
Hdm l u v n g aflatoxm (ppb)
Tiiu chuin cho phip Cam g g o I
Cdm ggo II Cdm ggo 111 Cam ggo IV Cdm ggo V Cdm ggo VI Cam g^o VII Cdm ggo VIII
Dong Hy OgiTir Phu Binh M l u luu t^l VKHSS Ddng Hf Ddng Hf Phfi Vdn TPTN
Mdu vdng nhgt. mui thom Mdu ndu vdng, mui hdc Mau ndu xdm, von cgc Mdu vdng nhgt, mui Ihcrm Mdu ndu xdm Mdu ndu vdng Mdu vdng nhat, mCli tlxmi Mdu vdng nhgt, mui thom
91.78 89,12 86,89 89.63 87.93 88,95 90,63 89.52
4.11 90,13 102,20 4,21 52.12 3.61 6.15 4,95
0 7.12 12,56
0 11,44 8.23
0 0
D l c d m d t c d c h n h i n t i n g qudt v l ty Ig n h i l m aflatoxin tnang ndng sdn vd phy p h i m c h l b i l n , c h i i n g tdi t o n g h v p k i t q u d v l t y Ig n h i l m aflatoxin, k i t q u d d u v c t h i hi$n d b i l u do Hinh 1 .
T^le%
90 eo 70 50 40 30 20 10
89,47
M 1
1 •
Jtk •1
AFBi 63,161 M
•ffl
AFB;M
31,58
lfl H
mm
AFG, AFG;w^
UmkrvngAFB,
EO
30
10
i 1 I
E-'Ki
WBO Wt
jifejii^ 1 i
Khi do Qmgjg iCtiuaxi)l;i l U t l o a t l v
• Uliliaaliw
Hlnh 1. B i l u dfi l y 1$ n h i l m doc tfi anatoxin trong cdc m i u phan Hinh 2. Bleu do ham l i r ^ g AFBi t n r d c vd sau xir l y dch
K i t q u a phdn tich cho thay: Trong tong sd 38 m l u phdn tich c d t d i 34/38 m a u n h i l m aflatoxin B i , c h i l m ty Ig 8 9 , 4 7 % , c d 24/38 m a u n h i l m aflatoxin Bz. c h i l m t f i e 6 3 . 1 6 % ; c d 12/38 m l u n h i l m aflatoxin B j , c h i l m t f l# 3 1 , 5 8 % ; k h d n g m l u n a o n h i l m aflatoxin Gz. Nhu- vgy, mOc d g n h i l m aflatoxin trong tOng logi ndng san la khdc n h a u , trong d d mOc d p n h i l m B i Id n h i l u n h l t , g i p 1,42 ldn B z v d g i p 2.83 lan G i . K i t q u a nghidn cOu c u a c h i i n g tdi phd h o p v d i k i t qua nghidn cOu cOa tdc gid P h a n T h i Bich T r d m v d d i n g tdc gia (2004)
H O I N G H ! K H O A H O C C O N U N G H ^ S I N H H Q C
K i t q u d p h a n t i c h h a m l u v n g a f l a t o x i n s a u k h i dirge x i > 1J b i n g p h i r o - n g p h d p v g t I J v d h d a h p c
Khi xdc dinh d i r ^ c h d m l u g n g cOa tOng logi aflatoxin t r o n g cdc logi ndng s a n , chung tdi t i l n hdnh xO ly h d m l u p n g aflatoxin trong cdc m l u b i n g h a i p h u a n g p h d p vat I f ( s l y khd) vd hda hpc (sO dgng acid citric). Sau k h i xO I f , c h d n g tfli t i l n hdnh phdn tfch cdc m l u d d d l d d n h gia hjgu q u i x u i f aflatoxin c u a hai phucrng phdp trdn.
Hiiu qui xu- ly aflatoxin B , bing hat phtrvng phap v$t 19 vi hda hgc Bang 5. Hieu qud xO l y aflatoxin B i bang hat phuwng phdp vdt I f v d hda hflc
P h i r o n g phdp vgt I f Phiromg phap hda hgc Sfi Ham l u v n g AFBi _ ^ ^
Logi mau mau t i w * c x i > l y Ham luwng A F B , sau x i r I f Ty IS g i a m Hdm l i r g n g AFB^sau XLF I f T y l ^ g i d m
(%)
{%)Khd dfi Cdm ggo
70,01 74,03 38.96 33,44
4,87
^ 3 4 2,91
93,04 92.79 90,97 91,30
2,94 2^65 2 > 5 f ; 8 7
95.80 96,15 94,22 94,41 K i t qud d Bang 5 v d b i l u d l H i n h 2 c h o thay, sO d u n g 2 phuo-ng p h d p v g t ly v d h d a h g c d l xir ly ham lug-ng aflatoxin Bi tronq ndng san v d p h y p h i m c h l b i l n deu dem lai higu q u d t u c n g d l i c a o . C u t h i . d d i v d i phuo-ng p h d p x u l y bdng sdy k h d hdm iirgng aflatoxin B i trong c d c m l u giam tO 3 3 , 4 4 - 74,03 p p b x u I n g c o n 2,91 - 5.34 p p b tuo-ng Ong vd-i h> 90,79 - 9 3 0 4 % . XO I f bang acid citric h d m l u o n g aflatoxin h o n g cdc m l u p i a m xuOng c d n Kr 1,87 - 2,94 p p b . hro-ng u n g v d i tii 9 4 2 2 - 96,15%. K i t qua nghiSn cOu c u a chung t6i phu hgp vdi ket q u a c u a S a l g a d o Transito v d dong t a c gid (2011).
Trong 2 p h u o n g phap trdn hi§u qud xO I f eiia p h u o n g p h d p h d a hge Id s u d u n g a c i d citric cao h o n p h u a n g phdp s* •
• " "' t m n g binh cOa p h u o n g phdp say khd Id 9 2 , 0 2 % , t f Ig £ k h d , t f 1^ giam h u n g
cihic Id 95,15%. H i ^ u q u d x O l f c u a acid cihic cao h o n s l y k h d Id 3,12%.
^ Ig g i d m t r u n g b i n h cCia p h u o n g p h a p s u d y n g acid
H k K k i T n g j V I , l P | l 4
U - » ^ 16
14
10 S
2
m I 1 1
y 11
Htfl l aLL
mA Umgw
•ChiraiAly
tXirllhoahor
• ChuBxv^iy
•XillyvJItI)
• l(i>lvhDahpc
Hinh 3. Bi4u dfi hdm lir^-ng AFB2 tnrdc vd sau xi> I f Hinh 4. Biflu do ham l u v n g AFGi trifOK: va sau xi> ly Bdng 6. H
L09I
Ngd Lgc Khd dfi Cdm ggo
Sfi mSu
(n) 6 8 6 4
xir I f aflatoxin B i being Hdm lirgng tf B2
t r u - d ^ x i r l f (:f)(PPb) 14,44 16.68 9.87 9,84
ha phuvng phap v|it I f i/a hda hgc Phu-o-ng phdp v^t I f Ham l u v n g AFBzsau xir
(ppb) 2,65 2,86 1.87 1,77
i f C r ) Ty le giam
(%)
81,65 82,85 81,05 82,01
Phipo-ng phdp hda hpc Hdm l u v n g A F B j s a u x
( J f X P p b ) 1.12 1,11 0.24 0,19
O l f T f 1$ gidm
(%)
92,24 93,35 97.57 98.07 Q u a Bang 6 vd b i l u d d H i n h 3 c h o t h i y , cdc m l u sau khi t i l n hdnh x u I f bang p h u o n g p h d p s l y k h d va acid citric hdm l u v n g aflatoxin Bz d i u g i d m , mOc d d g i d m d hai p h u o n g p h d p Id khac n h a u . C y t h i . d l i vdi p h u a n g p h a p s l y k h d hdm l i r v n g aflatoxin Bz t m n g blnh * c d c m l u giam tO 9,84 - 1 6 , 6 8 p p b xuong c d n 1,77 - 2,86 p p b t u o n g Ong v 6 i Kr 81 0 5 - 8 2 . 8 5 % . XO ly bdng acid ciWc g i d m x u d n g cdn tO 0.19 - 1.12 ppb, h r o n g u n g v d i tt> 92,24 - 9 8 , 0 7 % N h u vdy. d l i vdi aflatoxin Bz p h u o n g phdp x u I f bang acid cihic cd hidu qud b a n p h u a n g phdp s l y khd
Bdng 7. Higu qud xO I f aflatoxin Gi bSng hai p h u v n g phdp v^t I f vd hda hoc Hdm l u v n g P h u v n g phdp v^t I f S " ^ " . % " ? : ! ! « * H i m l , ^ „ g _ A F G , » u x » l « T J l ^ g l i .
Phucrng phap hoa hpc
0.49 0.12
H d m l u ^ n g A F G i s a u x O l f ( A ' ) T f f g g i d m (ppb) {%)
Q u a Bdng 7 va b i l u d l H i n h 4 c h o t h i y . xO I f bang hai p h u a n g phap tr6n d i u c d hi§u qud c a o . C u t h i ohLronn nhdn s l y k h d hdm l u v n g aflatoxin G , t m n g b i n h giam t o 2.26 - 4.86 ppb x u I n g c d n 0.12 - 0.49 p p b . t u a n g Ong v d " 8 9 9 2 -
~' OA HOC C O N G NGHE SINH HOC TOAN QUOC 2013
9 4 . 6 9 % . X O I f bang ackl citric g i a m x u I n g 0.05 - 0.27 ppb. t u o n g Ong vd-i 94.44 - 9 7 . 7 9 % .
Nhir vgy, q u a c a c k i t q u d sO I f aflatoxin cua hai p h u o n g phdp b ^ n cho t h i y p h u o n g phdp vdt I f d i Idm g i d m d a n g k e h d m l u v n g aflatomn b o n g n f ^ g s d n , t h y t : p h i m . T u y n h i d n , qua trinh s l y d nhiet d g c a o se lam gidm m d t s d t h d n h p h a n dinh d u d n g . M a t khac p h u o n g phdp n d y p h u c tgp m d chi p h i lgi cao nen c h i phO h a p khi d p d y n g v d i q u y m d n h d . T n j n g khi d d p h u v n g p h a p h d a h g c sO d y n g acid d t r i c c d u u t h i r d ret h o n h a n , v u a d o n g i a n , chi phf t h i p , k h d n g d n h hird-ng d e n c h a t lug-ng ndng sdn thgc p h i m m d lgi c d t h i dp d u n g cho ca phgm vi g i a d i n h v d s d n x u i t c d n g nghidp.
K £ T L U A N
K i t q u d p h d n tich h d m l u g n g aflatoxin trong n d n g sdn v d phy p h i m c h l b i l n cho t h i y : C d 34/38 m l u n h i l m aflatoxin B i ( c h i l m t f Ig 8 9 , 4 7 % ) ; c d 24/38 m l u n h i l m aflatoxin B j ( c h i l m ty le 63,16%); c d 12/38 m l u n h i l m aflatoxin G i ( c h i l m t f 1$ 3 1 , 5 8 % ) ; khdng mau ndo n h i l m aflatoxin G2. H d m l u o n g aflatoxin trong cdc m a u d mOc d $ cao: c d 20/34 m l u n h i e m aflatoxin B i v u o t q u d tidu c h u i n cua Bg Y t l tO 1,23 - 2 1 , 4 0 l l n ; c d 12/24 m l u n h i l m aflatoxin Bz v u v t q u d tidu c h u i n cOa Bg Y t e t u 1.15 - 1 , 7 0 l a n . XO I f hdm l u a n g aflatoxin bang p h u o n g phdp vgt I f v d hda hpc d i u dgt hi§u q u d c a o . X u If b i n g p h u a n g phdp v d t I f h d m l u a n g B i gidm t m n g binh Id 9 2 , 0 2 % ; Bz giam t m n g b l n h 81,89%; G i g i d m t m n g b l n h 9 2 , 3 0 % . XO I f b i n g p h u a n g p h d p hda hgc t f l # B i g i d m t m n g b i n h Id 9 5 , 1 5 % , Bz g i d m t m n g b l n h 9 5 , 3 1 % ; G i g i l m t m n g blnh 9 6 , 1 2 % . P h u o n g p h a p xO I f hda hpc (sO dgng acid citric) hieu q u d h o n p h u a n g phap vdt I f (sO dgng s l y khd) 6.78%.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
BO Ndng nghidp va Phdt t r i l n ndng Ihdn (2007) Thiic Sn chSn nuoi - lAy miu. TCVN 4325-2007 (ISO 6497 - 2002).
Bfi Ndng nghidp vd Phdt t r i l n ndng thdn (2001) ThOc Sn diSn nudi - Chuin bj mau thd. TCVN 6952: 2001 (ISO 6498: 2002) Bd Ndng nghiep va Phdt t r i l n ndng thdn (2007) Thi/c phim - Xdc <$nh aflatoxin B, vd hdm lugng l6ng s6 anatoxin Bi. Bt. Gt vd Gi trong ngd r.6c, cdc loai hat vd sin phim cOa ching - Phuong phip sic ky long hi$u nSng cao. TCVN 7596 - 2007 (ISO 16050 - 2003) Bd Y t l (2007) Quy djnh gidi han tdi da 6 nhiim sinh hgc vi hda hgc tmng thuc pham. Quyet djnh sfi 46/2007/QO-BYT ra ngdy 19 thdng 12 ndm 2007.
Nguyen ThCy Chau (1996) Nghidn cOu mdc dd nhlSm nim mdc sinh dgc 16 (Mycotoxin) ngo, gao a Vi$t Nam vi blin phip phdng trir.
Ludn dn Phd tien sy, Dgi hgc Khoa hgc \g nhidn • Bd Gido dgc vd Ddo tao.
NguySn Thiiy Chdu (2009) "Phdng chfing Aspergillus sdn sinh aflatoxin vd oi^ratoxin tren cd phd d giai dogn ngodi dfing vd trong qud trinh bdo qudn bdng chiing khdng san sinh aflatown'. Tap chl Nong nghiip va Phit triin Ndng thdn. 6:19 - 23.
Nguyen Thiiy Chdu. Ddo Thj Huong, Vu TTij Huong (2011) "Ddnh gid mOc dg nhiem n i m mdc vd dOc t6 aflatoxin Bi trdn mdt sfi ndng sdn trong glal dogn bdo quan lgi Vi§t Nam". Tgp chl Ndng nghi$p vi Phat triin Ndng than 21:13 - 2 1 .
Ddu Nggc Hao. Le Thj Nggc Didp (2003) Nim mSc vi ddc t6 anatoxin trong diCrc in chin nudi, Nxb Ndng nghi§p, Hd Ndi. trang 53 - 198.
Phan Thj BfchTrdm. Nguyen Vdn Bd (2004) "NghiSn cuu v l mycoloxin trong bap ton trtr", Tap chl nghiin cim khoa hgc. 2 : 1 1 6 - 1 2 4 . Menbez Alborss, Martinez Bustos (2009) "Effect of citric on aflatoxin degradion and on functional and textural propertlon of extoided sorghum", Anim Sci Technol, 150:316 - 329.
Sagado Transido, Menbez Al bores, MorenoMartinez(2011)"Effect of citnc add supplementend diets on aflatoxin degradation, growth performance and serum parameters In broiler chickens', >4n:/t med vet, 43:215 • 222.
RESEARCH ON CONTENT AND TREATING AFLATOXIN IN SOME AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS BY PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL METHODS
N g u y e n T h i Hai^', V u T h i A n h \ N g u y e n T h i D u y e n \ D a o T h u y D u o n g ^ ' Institute of Life Sciences - Thai Nguyen University
' Thai Nguyen University of Sciences
SUMMARY
Investigating the status of infecting aflatoxin in some agricultural products and by-products showed that: 34/38 samples infected aflatoxin BI (89.47%), 24/38 samples infected aflatoxin 32 (63.16%), 12/38 samples infected aflatoxin B2 (31.58%) and no sample infected aflatoxin G2. Whereas, infected samples included 21.05% of com samples; 21.05% of peanut samples; 26.32% of soybean meal samples and 21.05% of rice bran. In 34 samples that infected aflatoxin Bl, ttiere were 20 samples exceeded ttie permission standards of the fvlinistry of Healtti from 1,23 to 21.40 times (accounted for 58.82%), 8/24 samples infected aflatoxin B2 exceeded the permitted standards from 1.15 to 1.70 times (accounted for 33.33%). Treating aflatoxin by bofli physical and chemical methods had high efficiency; Chemical mettiod (citric acid) was better than physical methods (drying at IGCC) 6.78 times and reduced contentof aflatoxin Bl of 95.15%, 95.31% aflatoxin Bj and 96.12% aflatoxin G| Treating by physical methods reduced aflatoxin Bl content of 92.02%, 81.89% aflatoxin B2 and 92,31% of aflatoxin Gl.
Keywords Aflatoxin, nee bran, soybean meal, peanut, com, physical method, chemical method.
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